Engineering Guide Fan & Blower Coils

Home , Air handler, Constant air volume, Fan coil unit

SECTION F1

Please refer to the Price Engineer’s HVAC Handbook for more information on Fan Coils & Blower Coils. ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS F1-2 protected fromfreezingincoldclimates. outdoor airadmitted, andthecoilmustbe provisions forcontrollingtheamount of as fan coils do nottypically have be taken attached toamixingplenum,care must air handler or to a mixing plenum. When fan coils can either be ducted to a central to beshutdown. To ventilationair, receive between zones andallowforunusedareas reduce theamountofcross-contamination in alargeportion ofthesystem. They also by replacingductworkwithwater piping reduce theoverall footprintofthesystem zonesfor localcontrolofindividual and of using fan coil units are that they allow air handlingunit. The majoradvantages systems orinconjunctionwithacentral Fan coilscanbeusedindecentralized HVAC cfm. up to1500 published ratingsoffancoilunitsdelivering and minimumdatarequirementsforthe provide classifications,testrequirements, Coils. The purposeofthe standard is to Performance Ratings2008: for Room Fan Institute standard AHRI Standard 440- Conditioning, Heating,andRefrigeration cooling performance tothe units’ Air- certifyMost manufacturers theirfancoil assembly. fan/motor are suppliedwithadirectdrive downstream ofthefan.Mostfancoilunits blow-through arrangement wherethecoilis duct work.Unitsgenerallyoperatewitha ofairinto thezone delivery orwithminimal near the space to be conditioned for free conditioned. Fan coilsarelocatedinor of whetherornottheenteringairispre- installed tocapturecondensate,regardless with acoolingcoilshouldhavedrainpan operation. Also, any fancoilunitequipped efficient fanandmotorassemblyforquiet pump powerrequirementsaswellan drops acrossthecoiltoreducefanand unit willhavelowairandwater pressure temperature. A well-designed fan coil and hydronic controlstomaintainroom coupled tothefancoil’s fanspeedcontroller zone the space.Individual thermostatsare or coldwater toprovide conditionedairto heat exchanger, which circulateseitherhot fan producesforcedconvection acrossthe heat exchanger, fansectionandfilter. The up a fan coil unit are a finned-tube make room orzone. The basiccomponentsthat designed tosupplyconditionedaira Fan coils are a type of air handling unit Product Fundamentals Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils • • • • • • • • • • • • Fan CoilComponents Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 1: the bladeassembly. Motor required. or discharge soundlevels.Materialsusedvarybasedonapplicationandperformance Liner Filter Rack cooling. Drain Pan attachment ofdownstreamductwork. Discharge Collar revolution isequaltooneblowerrevolution. Direct Drive shock aswellprotectsthecontentsfromenvironment. speed controllerandtransformer. The enclosurecover preventsaccidentalelectrical Control Enclosure the airwhich passesthrough theheatsinkfins. Coil Casing compressed toahigherdischarge pressure. Blower/Fan end. Each motorrevolution willusuallynotbe equaltooneblowerrevolution. Belt Drive and electricalcomponents. Access Panel Discharge Opening – A heatexchanger inwhich liquidiscirculatedtoprovide heatingorcoolingto – Internal blanket adheredtothecasingthatisusedreduceradiatedand/ –Internalblanket – Electrical component of an air movement device that provides work to turn –Structuralsheetmetalbox orshelltowhich allcomponentsaresecured. View ofFan CoilUnit

Coil Connections – The motor turns the blower by a belt connected to pulleys on each shaft – Pan located under the cooling coil to catch condensate formed during – Tray inwhich afiltercanbepulled out formaintenanceorreplacement. – Multi-bladed, driven rotor enclosed sothatairfromaninletis –Multi-bladed,driven – The motorshaft isdirectlysecuredtotheblowershaft. Each motor –Removable sheetmetalsectionallowsaccesstointernalmechanical –Rectangular fitting attached totheunitoutlet allowingforquick – Sheet metal shroud which houses the electrical connections, Coils Fan Assembly Discharge Panel

Drain Pan © Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. Filter Rack

©Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. load, howeverductworkisminimized. In thiscasethefancoilmustrunduringpart outdoor airintothefancoilunit( drafts. Another optionistoductthe diffuser shouldbeselectedtoprevent for dehumidification,ahighinduction temperature (lessthan55°F)isrequired conditions. Notethatifalowsupplyair off orrunatlowspeedduringpart load This allowsthefancoilunittobeturned diffuser, independentofthefancoilunit. directly tothespacethroughaseparate In control. fan coilsmaintaininglocalzone temperature turned off with the during unoccupied hours Additionally, the DOAS system can be terminal reheatandreducedoutdoorair. savings canberealized duetoreduced Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Energy ASHRAE Standard62-2001—Ventilation for ventilation andensuringcompliancewith zone canbemaintained,eliminatingover- the exactoutdoorairrequirementstoeach humidity controlateach zone. Additionally, sensible andlatentloadsensuresproper a conventional VAV system.Decouplingthe configuration hasseveraladvantages over or heating at the zone ( The fancoilunitprovides sensiblecooling as welltohandlethespacelatentload. dehumidify andconditiontheoutdoorair configuration theairhandlerisselectedto dedicated outdoorairsystem(DOAS). Inthis Often fancoilunitsareappliedina Fan CoilswithDedicatedOutdoor Air Systems (DOAS) Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils Figure 2 the outdoor air is delivered theoutdoorairisdelivered Figure 2 Figure 3 ). This ).

Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 3: Figure 2: Unit

CLASSROOM Fan Coil Fan

Supply Air Return Air

t Zone 1 Uni

T Fan Coil Fan Outdoor airductedintofancoilunit Outdoor airductedthroughseparatediffusers CLASSROOM T Zone 1

Unit Fan Coil Fan

CLASSROOM

t Uni CLASSROOM

Zone 2 T Coil Fan T Zone 2 AHU AHU F1-3 Relief Air Relief Air Air Outdoor Air Outdoor

ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS F1-4 in certain types ofspaces. for re-circulatedairwhich isnotpermitted andbecause theyare designedmostly filters because of their low-efficiencybe taken used inhealthcarefacilities,butshould thermal impactoftheglass.Fan coilscanbe ‘washes’ the window and helps lower the units areinstalledsothatthesupplyair Inmany(ASHRAE, casesvertical 2008a). apartment buildings and office buildings themanidealcandidateforhotels, makes temperature control is required. This zonefor applicationswhereindividual Low pressurefancoilsareideallysuited Typical Applications space theyrequire. small tominimize theamountofoccupied space, andthefootprintisdesignedtobe totheoccupied amount ofnoisedelivered use fully insulated casings to reduce the supply airgrillesasshown attractive paintedfinishandreturn a visiblelocationandthereforehavean Exposed unitsaregenerallyinstalledin Exposed Units or diffuser asshownin typically ductedtoasingledischarge grille installed in aceiling plenum and then are Concealed unitscanbefurred intoawall or Concealed Units 4 concealed applicationsasshownin horizontal configurations for exposed and Units areavailableinverticalcontrollers. or three position(plusshutdown)fanspeed have singlepointpowerconnectionsand high-efficiency Units commonly motors. sizes cfm and use multispeed, up to 1200 are normallyoffered innominalairflow and improve indoorairquality. They assembly toreducemaintenancecosts removable filter, drain pan and fan/motor unit shouldbeequippedwithaneasily of less than 0.25 in. w.g. A well-designed minimal ductworkhavingastaticresistance of air into the zonefree delivery or with conditioned. They areusuallyselectedfor located inor adjacent to the spaceto be Low pressure fan coils are generally Low Pressure Fan Coils Fan CoilUnit Types Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils

and Figure 5 .

Figure 6 Figure 7 . Figure . Units . Units Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 7: Figure 6: Arrangement Figure 4: Cross SectionView Vertical ExposedFan Coil Horizontal ConcealedFan Coil Vertical Updraft Fan Coil Return AirOpening Filter Fan Coils Discharge AirOpening Arrangement Figure 5: Cross SectionView Duct

Horizontal Fan Coil Coils © Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. Ceiling Fan Filter

©Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. performance inthefield. the same conditions to ensure reliable should still be tested and rated under operating beyond the scope of this standard under the Units AHRI Standard440-2008. performance certified cfm upto1500 High performancefancoils canbe page 608fordetails. energy savings and enhanced comfort. See heating fanflows,contributingtofurther provide variable volume of both cooling and controls ECMscanalsobeoperatedto When coupledwithelectronicorDDC increases duetodustbuildup. maintained evenasthefilterresistance programming ensuresthefanflowwillbe and acousticdesigngoals.Constantflow the setting which meetstheroom load allows thefanspeedtobeoptimized at programming. Full rangespeedcontrol andconstantflow digital speedcontrollers (ECM). ECMsalsoallowforfullrange with electronicallycommutatedmotors performance fancoilsareoften equipped pressures andstillmaintainefficiency, high To achieve thehigherflowsandstatic units. supplied withhighperformancefancoil capability, largerroomsorspacescanbe higher airflowcapacityandstaticpressure lined forfurther noisereduction.Duetotheir downstream ductwork can be acoustically critical. Additionally, thelongerlengthof the hallway where noise levels are less the fancoilunitcanbelocatedabove As anexampleforaclassroomapplication, occupied spacereducingacousticconcerns. the fancoiltobemountedfarther fromthe runs withmultipleairoutlets. This allows can accommodatelonger discharge duct static pressurecapabilityisthattheunit resistance. Another benefit ofthehigher coils and filter at 0.5 in. w.g. of external static maximum flow when fully equipped with capable ofquietlyandefficiently delivering coils. A well-designedunit shouldstillbe andmore rowsofheating-cooling filters coils canbeequippedwithhigherefficiency pressure capabilities,highperformancefan air grilles.Becauseoftheirhigherstatic 9 concealed configurationasshownin They arenormallyoffered inahorizontal fan/motor assemblyinaninsulatedcasing. reduce outletvelocityandfullyenclosethe coils typicallyutilizeto largerfanblowers sound levelsthehighperformancefan temperature control. To achieve thelower pressures, lownoiselevelsandbetter room for higher air volumes, higher static High performance fan coils are designed High Performance Fan Coils Fan CoilUnit Types Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils

and are ducted to one or more supply Figure lecture theaters, etc. lecture theaters, outlets such aslabs,meetingrooms,halls, requiring longerductrunsand multiple air ideal forlargerspacesandapplications them static pressurecapabilityalsomake and office buildings. Higherair volume and candidate forschools, hotels,apartments noise isrequired. themanideal This makes zone individual temperature control and low choice forapplicationswhereahighlevelof High performancefancoilsareanexcellent Typical Applications Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 9: Figure 8: CLASSROOM Classroom installation Horizontal HighPerformance Fan Coils Supply

Return Duct design. to LEEDcertification andgreenbuilding IAQ benefits of a DOAS system lends well of hydronic coolingor heating and the coupled with theenergy efficient benefits and VAV capabilityofECMtechnology, higher efficiency filters. Thehigh efficiency programmability andtheirabilitytouse laboratories becauseoftheirconstantflow coils arealsowell-suitedforhospitalsand occupancy spaces. High performance fan zones withhighsolarloads,and of highloadspacessuch aslabs,perimeter high performancefancoilsmeetstheneeds The highcoolingcapacityavailablewith Corridor

Fan CoilUnit High Performance F1-5

ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS F1-6 on thefloororhungfromceiling. 12 configurations asshownin Blower coilscomeinvertical andhorizontal be installedintheareaifconditionspermit. a service room or basement, but they can the conditioned space in an areasuch as 10 hp. They are typically located outside rangingfrom1/3hpupto phase motors coils areavailablewithsingleandthree flow andstaticpressureranges,blower one roomifrequired.Becauseofthelarge constant volume fan coil tocondition only small size alsoallowsthemtobeusedasa variable air volume (VAV) system. Their andusedfora variable frequencydrive volume systemsortobecoupledwitha central stationairhandlerforconstant coils. This allows them tobeused as a coils and higher efficiency than fan filters and canbeequippedwithmorerowsof least 1in.w.g. ofexternalstaticresistance They aregenerallycapableofhandlingat unit andacentralstationairhandlingunit. flexibility between the traditional fancoil variety of ducted applications that require Blower coilsareacompactsolutionto rack toeliminatefilterbypass. to/from theconditionedairandatightfilter a fullyinsulatedcasingtoreduceheatloss for regularmaintenance.Itshouldalsohave good accesstoalloftheunit’s components system,andprovide blower andbeltdrive pump powerrequirements,beanefficient drops acrossthecoiltoreducefanand compact, havelowairandwater pressure A well-designedblower coil unit should be simply bychanging thepulley setintheunit. the fantorunatwhateverspeedisrequired power from the motor to the fan. This allows systemtotransmit typically useabeltdrive directly coupledtothemotor, blowercoils chiller. fancoilunitswhere thefanis Unlike of localized equipmentsuch asaboileror be pipedtotheunitfromanotherpiece type of coil,alltheconditioned fluid must coils mayalsobeused.Regardless ofthe water, butsteamcoilsanddirectexpansion consists of a water coil for hot or chilled in in adraw-through configurationasshown a finned-tubeheatexchanger, fan,andfilter zones withconditionedair. They consistof that canbeusedtoprovide oneormultiple Blower coilsareatypeofairhandlingunit Blower CoilsOverview Blower CoilUnit Types Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils Figure 10 , depending on if they are to be installed , dependingoniftheyaretobeinstalled . The heatexchanger usually Figures 11 and and Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 12: Figure 11: Figure 10: Cross SectionView Air Outdoor Floor-Mounted VerticalUnit Draw -ThroughUnit Ceiling-Mounted Horizontal Unit Return Air Filter Coils Fan

Ceiling © Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. Supply Air Duct

©Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. meet thesystemgoals. that appropriatecompromisesaremadeto needstobeconsideredconfirm boilers) (fan coils,piping,pumping,chillers and system piping design. The entire system of the cost are the primary drivers first designer. System efficiency, flexibility and requirements and priorities of the system configured in several ways to meet the Fan coilsystemandzone piping canbe application. also well-suited for hospital and laboratory lights andsolidmetalliner, blowercoilsare variety ofoptionssuch asmixingboxes, UV to operatewithup100% outdoorairanda and office buildings. Also,withtheirability candidate forschools, hotels, apartments fan coil units. drive them an ideal This makes with standardorhighperformancedirect or externalstaticpressurescannotbemet applications wherehighcoolingcapacities Blower coilsareanexcellentchoice for Typical Applications under theconditionsthatarespecified. be confidentthatunitswillfunctionproperly to these standards, the design engineer can Coils. By using equipment that is certified Circulation Air-Coolingand Air-Heating be AHRI certified to AHRI410-2001: Forced coils usedinblowercoil units shouldalso central stationair-handling units. Water requirements forthepublishedratingsof test requirements and minimum data the standardistoprovide classifications, Station Air-Handling Units. The purposeof Performance Rating430-2009: ofCentral units fanperformancetothe AHRI Standard can certifyManufacturers theirblowercoil unit. supplier canprovide theproperblowercoil resistances andmore,beforeanequipment temperatures and flow rates, external static and volume, outsideairrequirements,fluid suchparameters assupplyairtemperature The designengineerneedstospecifymany complicated tospecifyororder. can be more other air handlers, coils, like plenums andUVlights,meansthatblower accessories such aselectricreheat,mixing a large number of coil combinations and operating range. This ability, coupledwith any flowandstaticpressurewithintheir speeds. They are capable of operating at a limitednumberofincrementalmotor nominal flow, theyarenotrestrictedby While blowercoilsmayberatedfora Blower CoilUnit Types Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils the contentsfromenvironment. accidental electricalshock aswellprotects transformer. The enclosurecover prevents electrical connections, speed controller, and Sheet metalshroudinwhich housesthe Control Enclosure passes throughthesinkfins. to provide heating or cooling to the air which A heatexchanger inwhich liquidiscirculated Coil all componentsaresecured. Structural sheetmetalbox orshelltowhich Casing discharge pressure. air fromaninletiscompressedtoahigher rotor enclosed so that Multi-bladed, driven Blower/Fan equal tooneblowerrevolution. Each motorrevolution willusuallynotbe connected topulleysoneach shaft end. The motorturnstheblowerbyabelt Belt Drive components. access tointernalmechanical andelectrical Removable sheet metal section allows Access Panel Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 13: Discharge Opening Insulated Casing Heavy Gauge Fan Coil/BlowerCoilProduct Components(Exploded View) Fan Assembly

assembly. device thatprovides worktoturntheblade Electrical component of an air movement Motor application andperformancerequired. sound levels.Materialsusedvarybasedon used toreducetheradiatedand/ordischarge adheredtothecasingthatis Internal blanket Liner maintenance orreplacement. Tray inwhich afiltercanbepulledoutfor Filter Rack ductwork. allowing forquick attachment ofdownstream Rectangular fitting attached totheunitoutlet Discharge Collar to oneblowerrevolution. blower shaft. Each motorrevolution isequal The motor shaft is directly secured to the Direct Drive

Belt Drive Coils Access Panels Connections Coil &Drain Filter Rack Insulation F1-7

ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS F1-8 loop systemisshutdown.See there isnoflowintheloopsystemwhen provided inthelooppipingtoconfirmthat the other. Insomecases,controlvalvesare operates and is controlled independently of and flow requirements of the loop. Each unit is designed to only meet the pressure The loadpumpandpipingateach fancoil experiences constantflowand pressure. of the loop and the loads. The loop piping design provides simpledesignandcontrol cooling capacityrequired. This typeof from the loop to provide the heating or to meettheload,pumppullswater in the fan coil unit. As capacity is required the series piping and supply it to the coil a way topullwater fromthewater flowin In aseries piping system, load pumps is Load Pumps smaller coils. characteristics providing formoreconsistent be selectedwithsimilartemperature the samecapacityopportunity. Coilscan water each atthesametemperaturegiving and a return pipe. Each fan coil unit receives In aparallelsystem,thereissupplypipe the loop. larger coilsinthefanthatarelater it, butmust be weighedagainst the costof return pipingandthecostassociatedwith this typeofsystemistheelimination to provide similarcapacity. The benefit of the endofloopwillrequirelargercoils the beginningofloop. These fancoilsat less potential capacity than the fan coil at loop seewater temperaturesthatprovide water loop. The fancoilsattheendof decreasesinahot loop andprogressively increasesinachilledIt progressively water loop, the temperature in the loop is changed. from and return water coils take to theseries and discharge back totheloop. As morefan water fan coils take from this loop individual loop is utilized to supply water in a loop. The piping. Inaseriestypesystem,singlepipe basic pipingconcepts‒seriesorparallel The pipingsystemcanbedesignedwithtwo Series andParallel Piping Fan CoilPiping Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils Figure 14 . Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 14: Series SystemWithLoadPumps Piping Systems Fan CoilUnit Fan CoilUnit Fan CoilUnit Paralled System

Fan CoilUnit Fan CoilUnit Fan CoilUnit © Copyright Price Industries Limited2011.

©Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. performance throughoutthe anticipated pump with a curvethat has good predictive pump requiressignificantlyless power. A system pressure. As flow islowered the down toprovide alowerflowatconstant pressure controlthenslows the pump increases the pressure in the system. The the pumpcurve. At lowerflowthepump way valvesareclosedthesystem “rides” the constant pressure in the system. As 2 and the pump output is varied to control in thesupplypipingheaderismeasured required. Inthistypeofsystemthepressure For a variable flow, 2 way control valves are during part-load conditions. continues torunthepumpatfullpower but from acontrolandlayoutperspective, with 3way controlvalvesisverysimple water coil. This typeofconstantflow system as thewater flowismodulatedaroundthe bypass tomaintainconstantpressuredrop piping. A balancingvalve isinstalledinthe constant water flowthroughthezone the coiloraroundtoprovide a valves tomodulatethewater flowthrough system would require 3 way type control volume water flow. Aconstant volume designed forconstantvolume orvariable The fancoilzone pipingsystemcanbe 3 Way Valvesand 2 Way of thesystemiseliminated. to beinstalled,the “balancing” requirement per footofpipe. While morepipingneeds coils, andthesame pressure dropcriteria using thesamepressuredropcriteriafor very similar. This canbeaccomplishedby drop througheach coiland pipingloopis fan coilunit. This workswellifthepressure through thepipingsystemisequalforeach equal. This ensuresthatthepressuredrop through each pipingzone islaidouttobe return system,thepipelength In areverse See Figure15 achieves steadystateflow ateach fancoil. and theymustbeadjusteduntilthesystem changed therestofsystem isaffected flow througheach coil. Aseach valveis processthrough to anverify iterative the be ‘balanced’. These valvesmustbeset water flow. Thisrequiresthesystemto ensure each the required fan coil receives pressure dropthrougheach pipingzone to balancing valvesareusedtomanipulatethe is runintheshortest methodpossibleand return system,asshownbelow, thepiping return.Inadirect direct returnorreverse Two types of systems can be utilized water flowratesduringsystemoperation. thedesiredchilledcan receive water orhot the system is ensuring that each fan coil An important considerationindesigning Direct &Reverse Return Fan CoilPiping Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils . See Figure16 Fan CoilUnit Fan CoilUnit — . control issues. to largechanges inflow, creatingsystem as smallchanges inpressurewouldlead with veryflatcurvesshould beavoided water flow rateshould beselected. Pumps Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 17: Figure 16: Figure 15: Fan CoilUnit ConstantFlow Direct Return Reverse Return Fan CoilUnit

Fan CoilUnit Fan CoilUnit Fan CoilUnit Fan CoilUnit Figure 18:

Variable Flow Fan CoilUnit Fan CoilUnit F1-9 Fan CoilUnit Fan CoilUnit

ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS F1-10 fan coilunits. costofthe flexibility whileloweringthefirst This typeofsystemprovides thegreatest and returnorcoolingsupply and return. can beusedtoselecteitherheating supply year inallseasons.Inthiscase3way valves with interiorzones thatrequirecoolingall heating. This isoften requiredinbuildings provide cooling while other parts provide This allows some parts of the system to each fancoilcanbeheatingorcooling. leaving aircondition.Ina4pipesystem, maintain therequiredheatingorcooling the season. The fan coils are controlled to supplied totheentiresystemdependingon system, eitherhotwater orchilled water is be a2pipeor4system.In either heatingorcooling,thesystemcan In asinglecoilsystem,whereitoperatesin cooling simultaneously. to eliminatethepossibilityofheatingand type ofdeadbandinthecontrolsystem independently. Generally there is some of system,each coilispiped andcontrolled both heating and cooling coils. In this type required, theyaremostoften provided with cooling coils. When heating and cooling is either a single coil or with both a heating and Fan coilunitsarereadilyavailablewith Heating Coils Separate orCommonCoolingand conditions. dehumidification performance at low load coil system, but would provide enhanced an uncommon control strategy for a fan a constantleavingairtemperature. This is and thewater flowisregulatedtomaintain air flowisdecreasedastheloaddecreases water flowandaircanbe provided. The based onaconstantflow. Also,variable by changing the leaving airtemperature can also be varied to provide less capacity on aconstantairvolume. The water flow a constant leaving air temperature based conditions, the flow canbe variedto maintain designed toexperiencevaryingentering provide thedesiredamount.Insystems control. Water flowwouldbevariedto These systemscanalsoutilize modulating energized tofullairflow. at fulldesignflowandthefanwouldbe capacity, thewater flowwouldbeprovided mode. When thecontrolsystemcallsfor would also be turned off during this satisfied satisfied. Often inafancoilsystemthe no water flowwhenthecontrolsystemis modulation. On-off control would provide designs, capacitycontrolcanbeon-off or In each oftheabove systemandcontrol Capacity Control Fan CoilPiping Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils Fan CoilUnit Heating Coil Cooling Coil Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 20: Figure 19: Separate Coils4PipeSystem Common Coil4PipeSystem Fan CoilUnit Heating Coil Cooling Coil Fan CoilUnit Common Coil

Fan CoilUnit Common Coil ©Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. thermostat modelselected. enhancement willbedeterminedbythe for heatingorcooling. The levelofcontrol at theselectedspeedwhenthereisacall of the fan. The thermostatenergizes the fan to thesamesequenceisautomaticcontrol is belowset-point. A further enhancement heating modewhentheroomtemperature is above thethermostatset-pointand cooling modewhentheroomtemperature the thermostatwillautomaticallyactivate or cooling mode. With a4pipe system automatically switched betweenheating detect ifhotorcoldwater isavailableand supply water pipe toallow the thermostat to water temperaturesensorisadheredtothe the thermostat.Ifa2pipesystemisused automatic controlofheatingorcoolingby An enhancement to the above sequence is be accommodated. Either a2pipeor4water supplycan the coolingorheatingcoilisfullonoff. drops belowset-point. The operationof will be turnedon if the room temperature point. Duringheatingmodethecoil on iftheroomtemperaturerisesabove set- cooling modethecoilwillbeturned changeover fancoilcontrolsystem.During for amanuallycontrolledheat-cool Figure 23 actuator ( and directlyconnectedtothefanvalve the thermostatsarepoweredbylinevoltage manually switched thermostat. Generally mode. switch forselectingeither coolingorheating one ofthreespeedsoroff, andamanual dial, amanualswitch for fanoperationat thermostat has a temperature adjustment heating or cooling coil. Inthis case the ofthe the fanflowandmanualactivation system wouldbemanualadjustmentof The simplestandmostbasiccontrol Basic ElectricControl control andenergyefficiency required. depending on the accuracy of temperature levels ofcontrolsophisticationareavailable cooling onlyandsomeheatingonly. Several control valve. Some systems may include with controlvalveand/oracoolingcoil thermostat, multispeedfan,aheatingcoil A typical control system would consist of a the space temperature of a room or zone. Generally fancoilsareappliedtocontrol Fan CoilControls Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils Figure 21 Figure 22 illustrates the control sequence illustratesthecontrolsequence illustrates a typical ). ). Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 21: heat-cool changeover Figure 23: Figure 22: Off On

Valve Signal Manually Switched Fan Coil Thermostat Typical Wiring Diagram-BasicElectric

Sequence ofoperationformanuallyselectedfan speedandmanual 3 SpeedFanFlow

erminal Block erminal High T Cool Control V Coil Fan T Heating ON emperature Automatic Med Neutral Field ElectricalWiring Factory ElectricalWiring Line 1 High Med Low alve

Low Room Condition De T 0.9 set-point ad o F

Band 0.9 o F Low Cooling ON L SR1

Thermostat T Operating Voltage Med G1

SR Jumpers W Fan Speed I (Low) arm SR2 High G2 Fan Speed II (Med) erminals G3 Fan Speed III (High) Min. AirFlow Max. AirFlow W/Y Control Output F1-11

ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS F1-12 modulating controlofheatingandcooling. heat-cool changeover fancoilsystemwith the controlsequenceforanautomatic transformer (Figure25).Figure26illustrates are powered by 24 VAC from acontrol with LCDdisplay. Generallythethermostats 24 illustratesatypicalanalogthermostat Figure and selectionofcontrolparameters. LCD displayforuser-friendly monitoring the coolingandheatingcoil,anoptional temperature, optional modulating controlof proportional integral(PI)controlofroom electric package, includingmoreprecise offer several advantages over the basic Analog electroniccontrolsystems Analog Electronic Control Fan CoilControls Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils shoot providing energysavings. minimize room temperature over- PI controlandmodulatingwater valves GREEN TIP to thespace. be operatedtomaintainventilationair thefanshould During occupiedhours GREEN TIP Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Figure 25: Figure 24: modulating controlofheatingandcooling Figure 26: Control V T emperature Air T Automatic -24V Com2 +24V Hot1 Changeover Sensor emperature Sensor Closed alve Open (Not Included) Field Installed Analog Thermostat withLCDdisplay Valve Signal Typical Wiring Diagram- Analog Electronic 3 SpeedFanFlow Sequence of operation for automatic heat-cool changeover and -24V Com High Cool Field ElectricalWiring Factory ElectricalWiring Med Heating ON +24V Closed -24V Com2 3.6 +24V Open +24V Hot1 o F Low Room Condition T set-point

Neutral 12 Cooling ON Low

1.8 Neutral o 34 F Oparating Voltage 24 VAC

Med 3 Position Valve, Open Signal

Thermostat T 67

W 3 Position Valve, Close Signal arm High Changeover Sensor Input 89 © Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. Measuring Neutral erminals Return Air Temp Input Min. AirFlow Max. AirFlow 10 Fan Speed III (High) 11 Fan Speed II (Medium) 12 Fan Speed I (Low) D1

Potential-Free Operating GND Mode Changeover Switch Input

©Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. variable fanspeed. control ofthecoolingandheatingflow and coolingwithdischarge air temperature changeover, modulatingcontrolofheating control sequenceforautomaticheat-cool improved acoustics.Figure29illustratesthe superior comfort control,energysavingsand operation. This enhancedfunctionprovides during bothheatingandcoolingmodesof provide modulatingcontrolofthefanflow digital thermostatcanbeprogrammedto If thefancoilissuppliedwithanECM the coolingflow. with discharge airtemperature controlof modulating controlofheatingandcooling, for automaticheat-coolchangeover and Figure 28 room ifceilingmountedoutletsareutilized. be desiredtopreventstratificationinthe heating a maximum air temperature may to maintaincontrolofhumidity. During discharge airtemperature maybedesired sensor. Duringcoolingaminimum the additionofadischarge temperature temperature toaselectableset-pointwith One exampleiscontrolofdischarge air sequences canalsobeaccommodated. More customorspecialized control PC andinterfacemodule. programmable thermostatwithalaptop illustrates fieldconfigurationofthe in thefieldifrequired. operation butcanbeeasilyreconfigured programmed forthedesiredsequenceof thermostats typically are shipped pre- functionality andflexibility. Digital microprocessor provides enhanced However theadditionofanon-board heating coil, and an optional LCD display. modulating control ofthe cooling and integral (PI) control ofroom temperature, digital thermostatincludesproportional Similar totheanalogcontrolsystem, Digital Programmable Control Fan CoilControls Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils further energysavings. providingstandard PSCmotors, power atpart loadoperationthan ECMs consume considerably less GREEN TIP quality. stratification and improve indoor air during overhead heatingwilllimit Reducing thesupplyairtemperature GREEN TIP illustrates the control sequence illustratesthecontrolsequence Figure 27

Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. control ofheatingandcooling,withdischarge airtemperaturecontrolofthecoolingflow. Figure 28: and heatingflowvariablefanspeed. control ofheatingandcoolingwithdischarge airtemperaturecontrolofthecooling Figure 29: Figure 27: 10 V 10 V 0 V 0 V olts olts olts olts Sequence ofoperationforautomaticheat/coolchangeover andmodulating Sequence ofoperationforautomaticheat/cool changeover, modulating Valve Signal Valve Signal Programmable Thermostat Field Cool High Cool Med Heating Heating ON ON 2 2 o o F

F Low Room Condition Room Condition De De T T set-point 1 set-point 1 ad o ad o F1 F1

Band

Band o o F F Low Cooling Cooling ON 2 ON 2 o o F F Med

W W arm arm High Min. AirFlowECM Max. AirFlowECM Min. AirFlow Max. AirFlow F1-13

ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS F1-14 the smallsize ofafancoilunit. those ofblowercoilswhilestillretaining products byoffering capacitiescloseto Coils havefilledthe gap betweenthetwo the casethoughasHighPerformance Fan condition severalrooms. This isnotalways are moderate-sized andcanbeductedto they arelocated,whereasBlowerCoils are usedtoconditiontheroominwhich reason, Fan coilsaretypicallysmallerand and staticpressuresthanFan Coils.For this Blower Coilsarecapableofhigherairflows Capacity cost. versus performance, flexibilityandmaintainability be requiredtoweighthebenefitsof between thedesignerandownermay is notalways straightforward. Consultations type ofunittouseandinwhatconfiguration fundamentally verysimilar, decidingwhich While blowercoilsandfanare Application ofFan CoilandBlower CoilUnits Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils air flowwithinarangeofstaticpressures. constant with ECMsprogrammedtodeliver High performance fan coils can be equipped control, however the cost will be higher. for with variablefrequencydrives VAV flow units.Ifrequired,theycanbeequipped hand aretypicallyoperatedasconstantair meeting room. Blower coils on the other where thereareinfrequentloads,such asa control isdesirable,such ashotelrooms,or applications where a high level of individual 2008a). themwell-suitedfor This makes room thattheyareconditioning(ASHRAE, a thermostatorfanspeedswitch inthe Fan coilsaretypicallycontrolledbyeither Controls Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. limited abilitytoprovide soundattenuation Noise isalargeconcernasthereoften other areasclosetotheroomtheyserve. walls, ceilingplenums,closets,andmany occupied space. They canbeinstalledin located inordirectlyadjacenttothe Fan coilsby design are intended tobe reduce radiatednoise. be fully lined with fiberglass insulation to plenum orwall cavity. Exposedunitsshould directly adjacent to the space in a ceiling conditioned space asanexposed unit or be quietersotheycanlocatedinthe carefully considered.Fan coilstendto application andlocationneedstobe a significant amount of fan noise so their Both fancoilsandblowergenerate Noise acceptable. acceptable. the soundlevelinadjacentspaceis coils needstobereviewedconfirmthat return ductwork. The locationofthefan the unitandspaceorinsupply techniques inthebuilding materialbetween

©Copyright Price Industries Limited2011. (ASHRAE, 2008a). vertical fancoiltoheatavestibuleorlobby outdoor airsuch asusinganexposed where thereare high infiltrationratesof well-suited forheatingonlyapplications One notable exception is that fan coils are combine re-circulatedairwithoutdoorair. can be equipped with mixing boxes to capabilities requiredtousedeepcoilsand on the other hand have the static pressure blow-through configuration. Blower coils velocities oncoilscausedbythetypical high humidity locations due to high face and condensate carryover can occur in the levelofdehumidificationrequired, typically havedeepenoughcoilstoprovide handle highlevelsofhumidity. They donot outdoor air as they are notdesigned to Fan coilsshouldnotbeusedtocondition Outdoor Air against infiltrationofnon-filteredair. tosealtheunitcasing if specialcareistaken coils can also be equipped with HEPA filters (uptoMERVfilters 15) andUVlights.Blower coils can be equipped with high-efficiency contaminant control is required, blower uptoMERVfilters 13. Ifahighdegreeof can be equipped with medium efficiency Highperformancefancoils pleated filters. pressure dropcausedbyhigherefficiency they arenotcapableofovercoming thelarge only equippedwithMERV because 3filters greatly. Low pressurefancoilsaretypically with a filter, butthe level of filtration varies Most fancoilsandblowerareequipped Contaminant Control ducted totheroom. away space and from the noise sensitive discharge noise. They can then be located tosignificantly reducetheirsilencers Blower coilscan be equipped with integral noise design. the noiselevelstoachieve acceptablespace should bereviewedwithoptionstoreduce unit. Sound datafromthemanufacturer costofthe but willrequiregreaterfirst provide improved noise characteristics, Larger fansrunningatslowerspeedsoften the noiseproducedbyfancoilunit. the unitcanproduceisamethodoflowering units atlowerthanthemaximumairflow an exampleofthistechnique. Selecting the them above abathroomceilingwouldbe minimize theoccupantobjections.Locating with highersoundcriteriaisoften usedto Locating thefancoilunitinorover spaces Application ofFan CoilandBlower CoilUnits Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils Table 3: Table 2: Table 1: Ext Staticisexternalstaticpressure,in.w.g. Ext Staticisexternalstaticpressure,in.w.g. -  Blower Coils High PerformanceFanCoils Low PressureFanCoils Blower Coils High PerformanceFanCoils Low PressureFanCoils Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Sometimes usedforthisapplication(restrictionsmayapply) Often Usedforthisapplication Horizontal- Horizontal Horizontal Vertical Hi press Vertical Hi-rise Type Type Blower CoilConfigurations Fan CoilConfigurations Application Guidelines

Unit Type Unit Type Direct Direct Direct Direct Fan Fan Belt Belt 

Not Recommendedforthisapplication Educational Facilities Exposed /Concealed Exposed /Concealed     Noise Sensitive - - Broadcast Large Office Space, Applications Concealed Cabinet Cabinet Exposed Exposed Studios Buildings Exposed     - - Small

Theaters Buildings

< 8,000 < 8,000 < 2,000 < 2,000 < 4,000 < 2,000 cfm cfm     - - Patient Public Use Areas Other Facilities Clean Rooms, Laboratories Hospitals,      - Shopping Operating Centers Areas F1-15 1 in.to3 1 in.to3 Ext Static Ext Static <0.5 in.

0.5 in. 0.5 in. 1.0 in.

     Hotels, Multi - Laboratory Residential Spaces

ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS ENGINEERING GUIDE - FAN COILS & BLOWER COILS F1-16 Price Industries(2011). ASHRAE (2009). ASHRAE (2008b). ASHRAE (2008a). ASHRAE (2007b). ASHRAE (2007a). ASHRAE (2001). AHRI (2009). AHRI (2008b). AHRI (2008a). AHRI (2001b). AHRI (2001a). References Engineering Guide Fan Coils and Blower Coils Engineers. Institute. Winnipeg, MB:Price IndustriesLimited. and Inc. Air ConditioningEngineers, of Heating,Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Society ofHeating,Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. efficiency byparticle size. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Society ofHeating,Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Air-Conditioning, Heating,andRefrigeration Institute. application ofairterminalsandoutlets. Heating, andRefrigeration Institute. Air-Conditioning, Heating,andRefrigeration Institute. Arlington, VA: Air-Conditioning, Heating,andRefrigeration Institute. AHRI standard 430-2009: Performance ratingofcentralstationair-AHRI standard430-2009: handlingunits. AHRI standard 440-2008: Performance ratingofroomfan-coils. AHRI standard440-2008: AHRI standard260-2001: Sound ratingsofductedairmoving andconditioningequipment. AHRI standard410-2001: Forced circulationair-cooling andair- heatingcoils. AHRI standard 885-2008: Procedure forestimatingoccupiedspacesoundlevelsinthe AHRI standard885-2008: ASHRAE handbook—Fundamentals. Standard 62-2001—Ventilation foracceptableindoorairquality. Standard 52.2-2007—Method oftestinggeneralventilationair-cleaningStandard 52.2-2007—Method devicesforremoval Standard 130-2008—Methods oftestingairterminalunits. Standard 130-2008—Methods ASHRAE handbook—HVAC systemsandequipment(SIedition). ASHRAE handbook—HVAC applications. Price engineer'sHVAC guidetoHVAC handbook—Acomprehensive fundamentals. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating,Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Imperial dimensions areconverted tometricand roundedtothenearest millimetre. All Metricdimensions ()aresoft conversion. Arlington, VA: Air-Conditioning, Heating,andRefrigeration Atlanta, GA: American Society for Heating, Refrigerating Atlanta, GA: American Society ofHeating, Arlington, VA: Air-Conditioning, Atlanta, GA: American Society GA: American Atlanta, Atlanta, GA: American Atlanta, Atlanta, GA: American Atlanta, Arlington, VA: Arlington, VA: