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CIVIC SPACE for PARTICIPATION in CLIMATE POLICIES in COLOMBIA, GEORGIA and UKRAINE Larissa Donges, Fabian Stolpe, Franziska Sperfeld, Sarah Kovac Imprint

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CIVIC SPACE for PARTICIPATION in CLIMATE POLICIES in COLOMBIA, GEORGIA and UKRAINE Larissa Donges, Fabian Stolpe, Franziska Sperfeld, Sarah Kovac Imprint CIVIC SPACE FOR PARTICIPATION IN CLIMATE POLICIES IN COLOMBIA, GEORGIA AND UKRAINE Larissa Donges, Fabian Stolpe, Franziska Sperfeld, Sarah Kovac Imprint © 2020 Independent Institute for Environmental Issues, Berlin Publisher Unabhängiges Institut für Umweltfragen - UfU e.V. Independent Institute for Environmental Issues Greifswalder Str. 4 10405 Berlin, Germany Phone: + 49 (30) 428 49 93-0 E-Mail: [email protected] www.ufu.de Local research teams Colombia Facultad de Jurisprudencia, Universidad del Rosario Bogotá: Lina Muñoz Avila, Mariana Rojas Laserna, Sebastián Senior Serrano, María Alejandra Lozano Amaya, Anamaría Sánchez Quintero Georgia Regional Environmental Centre for the Caucasus (REC Caucasus): Mikheil Kurdadze, Nata Tkhilava Ukraine Environment. People. Law (EPL): Olha Melen-Zabramna, Yelyzaveta Aleksyeyeva, Sophia Shutiak, Nataliia Kuts Design Nicole Jaecke www.fija.de This project is part of the International Climate Initiative. The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety promotes the initiative on the basis of a resolution of the German Federal Parliament. Project Duration: 2018 - 2021 www.international-climate-initiative.com Supported by based on a decision of the German Bundestag Citation Larissa Donges, Fabian Stolpe, Franziska Sperfeld, Sarah Kovac (2020): Civic space for participation in climate policies in Colombia, Georgia and Ukraine. Independent Institute for Environmental Issues. Berlin. ISBN 978-3-935563-42-0 Table of Contents Abbreviations 5 Figures 8 Tables 9 Preface 10 Summary of findings 11 PART 1 1 Background and overarching questions 16 1.1 International climate policy 16 1.2 Civil society participation in climate matters 16 1.3 Levels and forms of participation 19 1.4 International participation agreements and guidelines 21 2 Framework of this study 26 2.1 Aim and contents of this study 26 2.2 Definitions 27 2.3 Methodology 28 PART 2 3 Colombia 41 3.1 National climate policy 41 3.2 Climate-engaged civil society in Colombia 43 3.3 Legal framework for participation 45 3.4 Structures and institutions enabling participation in climate policy 54 3.5 Practices and examples of climate-related participation 59 3.6 Barriers to participation 62 3.7 Assessment of the environment and opportunities to participate 67 3.8 Strengthening civil society involvement 74 3.9 Conclusions for Colombia 80 4 Georgia 84 4.1 National climate policy 84 4.2 Climate-engaged civil society in Georgia 86 4.3 Legal framework for participation in Georgia 88 4.4 Structures and institutions enabling participation in climate policy 95 4.5 Practices and examples of climate-related participation 98 4.6 Barriers to participation 102 4.7 Assessment of the environment and opportunities to participate 105 4.8 Strengthening civil society involvement 112 4.9 Conclusions for Georgia 118 5 Ukraine 121 5.1 National climate policy 121 5.2 Climate-engaged civil society in Ukraine 122 5.3 Legal framework for participation in Ukraine 125 5.4 Structures and institutions enabling participation in climate policy 133 5.5 Practices and examples of climate-related participation 137 5.6 Barriers to participation 140 5.7 Assessment of the environment and opportunities to participate 143 5.8 Strengthening civil society involvement 150 5.9 Conclusions for Ukraine 157 PART 3 6 International good practices of civil society participation in climate policies 160 6.1 Introduction and methodology 160 6.2 The Citizens’ Convention on Climate and previous local initiative sessions (France) 161 6.3 The Stakeholder Roundtables for the National Climate Agreement (The Netherlands) 165 6.4 The Citizens’ Assembly “Making Ireland a leader in tackling climate change” (Ireland) 167 6.5 The public audiences and consultancies in the development of the National Policy on Climate Change (Brazil) 170 6.6 The Dialogues on Pathways for a Just Transition (South Africa) 173 6.7 Public participation in the Integrated Concept for Energy and Climate Protection for Baden-Württemberg (Germany) 175 6.8 The Advisory Councils for Climate Change and the Working Group on Civil Society Relations (Mexico) 178 6.9 The Dialogue “Let's talk about the framework law on climate change” (Peru) 180 7 Conclusions 182 Bibliography 185 Abbreviations UfU 5 Abbreviations CMCG: Covenant of Mayors Coordinating Group CNA: Colombian National Environmental Council (Con- sejo Nacional Ambiental) ACC: Anti-Corruption Interagency Coordination Council CNCC: Colombian National Climate Change Council (Consejo Nacional de Cambio Climático) ACOLGEN: Colombian Association of Energy Providers (Asociación Colombiana de Generadores de Energía Eléc- CNMA: Brazilian National Conference on the Environ- trica) ment (Conferência Nacional do Meio Ambiente) CoM: Covenant of Mayors ANDESCO: Colombian National Association of Public Service and Communication Enterprises (Asociación CONPES: Colombian National Council for Economic and Nacional de Empresas de Servicios Públicos y Comunica- Social Policy (Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y ciones) Social) ANDI: Colombian Chamber of the Pharmaceutical In- COP: Conference of the Parties dustry (Cámara de la Industria Farmacéutica) CPI: Corruption Perception Index BMU: German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (Bundesminis- CRRC: Caucasus Resource Research Centre terium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit) CSO: Civil Society Organisation BTI: Bertelsmann Transformation Index DNP: Colombian National Planning Department (Depar- tamento Nacional de Planeación) BTR: Biennial Transparency Report EaP CSF: Eastern Partnership Civil Society Forum BUR: Biennial Update Report EBRD: European Bank for Reconstruction and Develop- CAMACOL: Colombian Chamber of Construction (Cámara ment Colombiana de la Construcción) ECCD: Georgian Environment and Climate Change CAP: Georgian Climate Action Plan Department CAR: Environmental Councils of Regional Environmen- ECDBC: Colombian Low Carbon Development Strategy tal Entities in Colombia (Consejos Ambientales de las (Estrategia Colombiana de Desarrollo Bajo en Carbono) entidades ambientales de orden regional) EDI: Environmental Democracy Index CCCS: Colombian Council of Sustainable Construction EEB: European Environmental Bureau (Consejo Colombiano de Contrucción Sostenible) EEC: Georgian Energy Efficiency Centre CCC: Georgian Climate Change Council EESC: European Economic and Social Committee CCD: Georgian Climate Change Division EIA: Environmental impact assessment CCPI: Climate Change Performance Index EICDGB: Colombian Comprehensive Strategy to Control CDM: Clean Development Mechanism Deforestation and Manage Forests (Estrategia Integral CENN: Caucasus Environmental NGO Network de Control a la Deforestación y Gestión de los Bosques) CESE: Economical, Social and Environmental Council of EIEC: Environmental Information and Education Centre France (Conseil Économique Social et Environnemental) ELN: National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación CICC: Colombian Intersectoral Commission on Climate Nacional), revolutionary left-wing armed group in Colom- Change (Comisión Intersectorial de Cambio Climático) bia CICC: Mexican Inter-Ministerial Commission on Climate Change (Comisión Intersecretorial de Cambio Climático) ENREDD+: Colombian National Strategy for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation CIF: Climate Investment Fund (Estrategia Nacional de Reducción de Emisiones por Defor- CIM: Brazilian Inter-Ministerial Committee on Climate estación y Degradación de los Bosques) Change (Comitê Interministerial sobre Mudança do Clima) ESAL: Non-profit entity in Colombia (Entidad sin ánimo CLI: Collective Leadership Institute de lucro) Abbreviations 6 EU: European Union KLN: Klimaforum Latinoamérica Network EWG: Expert working group LEDS: Low Emission Development Strategy FAQ: Frequently asked questions LTS: Long-term Strategy FARC: Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas LULUCF: Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia), guerrilla move- MADS: Colombian Ministry for the Environment and ment in Colombia Sustainable Development (Ministerio de Ambiente y FNMC: Brazilian Climate Change Platform (Fórum Bra- Desarrollo Sostenible) sileiro de Mudanças Climáticas) MEEP: Ukrainian Ministry of Energy and Environmental FPIC: Principle of free, prior, and informed consent Protection GEF: Global Environment Fund MENR: Ukrainian Ministry of Ecology and Natural Re- sources GHG: Greenhouse gas MENRP: Georgian Ministry of Environment and Natural GIZ: German Society for International Cooperation Resources Protection (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit MEPA: Georgian Ministry of Environmental Protection GmbH) and Agriculture GMG: Greens Movement of Georgia – Friends of the MESD: Georgian Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Earth Georgia Development GNP: Georgian National Platform MMA: Brazilian Ministry of the Environment (Ministério do Meio Ambiente) GT-VINC: Working Group for Relations with Civil Society in Mexico (Grupo de Trabajo de Vinculación con la Socie- MPC: Permanent Coordination Board with Indigenous dad Civil) Peoples and Organisations (Mesa Permanente de Concer- tación con los Pueblos y Organizaciones Indígenas) HIIK: Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research (Heidelberger Institut für Internationale Kon- MSMEA: Roundtable of Social Affairs, Mining and Ener- fliktforschung) gy, and Environment for Peace (Mesa Social Minero-Ener- gética y Ambiental por la Paz) IACHR: Inter-American
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