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Pakistan Environmental and Social Management Framework Pakistan Environmental and Social Management Framework Transforming the Indus Basin with Climate Resilient Agriculture and Water Management EX-ACT y EX-ANTE CARBON-BALANCE TOOL TOOL EX-ANTE CARBON-BALANCE PREFACE This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the Government of Pakistan will be applied to all activities financed by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) for technical and/or financial support for the project, “Transforming the Indus Basin with Climate Resilient Agriculture and Water Management”. The Project Management Unit (PMU) of the project, hosted within the FAO Islamabad Office at the request of the Nationally Designated Authority (NDA), is responsible for overall coordination of the project activities, with safeguards led by the Lead Safeguards Specialist (based in the Provincial Project Implementation Unit (PPIU) in Multan, Punjab). The respective PPIUs and District Implementation Units (DIUs) are responsible for day-to-day implementation of specific subcomponents and for ensuring compliance with the ESMF, Gender Action Plan, and related safeguard documents, including keeping proper documentation in the project file for possible review by the GCF. This document is considered a living document and could be modified and changed in line with the changing situation or scope of the activities. Close consultation with the GCF and clearance of the revised ESMF will be necessary. 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 6 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 9 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 14 2.1 Project Objective ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Project Components ............................................................................................................... 14 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE .............................................................................. 25 3.1 Geographical Location and Topography .......................................................................... 25 3.2 Environmental Features of Proposed Project Area .......................................................... 29 3.2.1 Climate and Meteorology ......................................................................................... 29 3.2.2 Soil Quality ................................................................................................................ 38 3.2.3 Land Use .................................................................................................................... 47 3.2.4 Water Resources ....................................................................................................... 52 3.2.5 Irrigation System ....................................................................................................... 57 3.2.6 Agro-Ecological Zones and Eco Regions ................................................................... 58 3.2.7 Biodiversity and Forests ............................................................................................ 62 3.2.8 Natural Habitats and Protected Areas ..................................................................... 63 3.3 Social Features of the Proposed Project Area .................................................................. 65 3.3.1 Demographics ........................................................................................................... 65 3.3.2 Education .................................................................................................................. 67 3.3.3 Health ........................................................................................................................ 68 3.3.4 Poverty Profile .......................................................................................................... 70 3.3.5 Labour and Land Tenancy ......................................................................................... 71 3.3.6 Social Protection ....................................................................................................... 74 3.3.7 Languages ................................................................................................................. 76 3.3.8 Religion ...................................................................................................................... 76 4. LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND APPLICABLE SAFEGUARD POLICIES ............................................. 78 4.1 Pakistan Environmental and Social Legislation ...................................................................... 78 4.2 Relevant International Conventions and Treaties .................................................................. 81 4.3 Applicable Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies ....................................................... 83 4.4 Summary of Objectives and Principles for Implementation of the Gender Action Plan ....... 86 5.0 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT .............................................................................................. 88 5.1 Stakeholder Identification ....................................................................................................... 88 5.2 Stakeholder Engagement during Project Preparation/Formulation ...................................... 88 5.2.1 Consultations at the National Level ......................................................................... 88 5.2.2 Consultations at Provincial and Village Levels ......................................................... 89 5.3 Stakeholder Engagement during Project Implementation .................................................... 91 5.4 Public Consultation Results ..................................................................................................... 91 5.5 Disclosure ................................................................................................................................ 92 5.6 Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................................................... 93 6.0 EXPECTED PROJECT IMPACTS ............................................................................................... 97 6.1 Overview of Environmental and Social Impacts ..................................................................... 97 6.2 Breakdown of Impacts by Component ................................................................................... 97 Component 1: Enhancing Information Services for Cliamte Change Adaptation in the Water and Agriculture Sectors ............................................................................................................. 98 Component 2: Building on-Farm Resilience to Climate Change .............................................. 99 Component 3: Creating an Enabling Environment for Continued Transformation ............... 100 7.0 MITIGATION MEASURES & APPROACH TO ENHANCE POSITIVE IMPACTS ........................ 101 8.0 PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES TO MITIGATE IMPACTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION ............. 108 2 8.1 Step 1: Defining Sub-Activities .............................................................................................. 108 8.2 Step 2: Environmental and Social Risk Screening of Sub-Activities ...................................... 108 8.3 Step 3: Environmental and Social Risk Management (Monitoring and Reporting) ............. 109 9.0 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ................................................................................. 111 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................... 114 ANNEX 1: NON-ELIGIBILITY LIST .................................................................................................. 114 ANNEX 2: LIST OF BANNED PESTICIDES IN PAKISTAN ................................................................. 116 ANNEX 3: PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................................................... 117 ANNEX 4: CHANCE FIND PROCEDURES ....................................................................................... 125 ANNEX 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM .................................................... 126 ANNEX 6: EDUCATION TABLES .................................................................................................... 151 ANNEX 7: SOCIAL PROTECTION ................................................................................................... 152 ANNEX 8: LIST OF CONSULTATIONS ............................................................................................ 154 ANNEX 9: ESMF TIMELINE AND BUDGET .................................................................................... 162 ANNEX 10: SOCIAL INCLUSION PLANNING FRAMEWORK……………………………………..……………….162 ANNEX 11: CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE SHEETS…………………………………………………..……………170 3 List of Tables 1 Project Cost and Financing (USD million) 2 District Area and Population 3 Extent of Dry Areas Based on Aridity Index in Pakistan 4 Mean Temperature Trends in Pakistan, 1951-2000 5 Land Cover (km2) in Punjab Project Districts 6 Land Cover (km2) in Sindh Project Districts 7 Punjab AEZ Characteristics 8 National forest classifications and definitions 9 Total Population
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