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Neighboring Risk BOOK Neighboring Risk An Alternative Approach to Understanding and Responding to Hazards and Vulnerability in Pakistan Neighboring Risk: An Alternative Approach to Understanding and Responding to Hazards and Vulnerability in Pakistan Published by: Rural Development Policy Institute (RDPI), Islamabad Copyright © 2010 Rural Development Policy Institute Office 6, Ramzan Plaza, G 9 Markaz, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: +92 51 285 6623, +92 51 285 4523 Fax: +92 51 285 4783 URL: www.rdpi.org.pk This publication is produced by RDPI with financial support from Plan Pakistan. Citation is encouraged. Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non- commercial purpose is authorized without prior written permission from RDPI, provided the source is fully acknowledged.Production, resale or other commercial purposes are prohibited without prior written permission from RDPI, Islamabad, Pakistan. Citation: RDPI, Neighboring Risk, Islamabad, 2010 Authored by: Abdul Shakoor Sindhu Research Team: Beenish Kulsoom, Saqib Shehzad, Tariq Chishti, Tailal Masood, Gulzar Habib, Abida Nasren, Qaswer Abbas Text Editing: Masood Alam Cover & Layout Design: Abdul Shakoor Sindhu Photos: Abdul Shakoor Sindhu, Saqib Shehzad, Beenish Kulsoom, Tariq Chishti, Asif Khattak Printed by: Khursheed Printers, 15-Khayaban-e-Suhrawardy, Aabpara, Islamabad. Ph: 051-2277399 Available from: Rural Development Policy Institute Office 6, Ramzan Plaza, G-9 Markaz, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone: +92 51 285 6623, +92 51 285 4523 Fax: +92 51 285 4783 Website: www.rdpi.org.pk Be a part of it Rural Development Policy Institute (RDPI) is a civil 'Plan' is an international organization working in initiative aimed to stimulate public dialogue on policies, Pakistan since 1997. Plan's activities focus on safe inform public action, and activate social regrouping to motherhood and child survival, children's access to celebrate capacities and address vulnerabilities of quality education, water and sanitation, community resource-poor rural communities in Pakistan. RDPI capacity building, income generation and child undertakes research, planning, advocacy and rights. Plan works in partnership, first and foremost, demonstration of pilot projects in the key thematic areas with children, their families and communities but of disaster risk management, environment, adaptation to also with government departments/ agencies and climate change, sustainable livelihoods, appropriate other developmental organizations in addressing technologies, local governance, community media, and the key issues impacting children in Pakistan. basic education. www.plan-international.org www.rdpi.org.pk Neighboring Risk Research Team Beenish Kulsoom Saqib Shehzad Abdul Shakoor Sindhu Tariq Chishti Research Team Leader and Author Tailal Masood Qaswer Abbas Gulzar Habib Abida Nasreen A hymn in the praise of Indus and its tributaries 1. The singer, O ye Waters, in Vivasvan’s place, shall tell your grandeur forth that is beyond compare. The Rivers have come forward triply, seven and seven. Sindhu in might surpasses all the streams that flow. 2. Varuna cut the channels for thy forward course, O Sindhu, when thou rannest on to win the race. Thou speedest o’er precipitous ridges of the earth, when thou art Lord and Leader of these moving floods. 3. His roar is lifted up to heaven above the earth: he puts forth endless vigour with a flash of light. Like floods of rain that fall in thunder from the cloud, so Sindhu rushes on bellowing like bull. 4. Like mother to their calves, like milch-kine with their milk, so, Sindhu, unto thee the roaring rivers run. Thou leadest as a warrior king thine army’s wings what thou comest in the van of these swift streams. 5. Favor ye this my laud, O Ganga, Yamuna, O Sutudri, Parushni, and Sarasavati: With Asikini, Vitasta, O Marudvridha, O Arjikiya with Sushoma hear my call. Rig Veda 1. ‘Sindhu’ is the ancient and colloquial name of river Indus 2. Cited in Ravi Kinaray ki Harapai Bastian, Zubair Shafi Ghori, National College of Arts, Lahore, 2005 CONTENTS NEIGHBORING RISK Page Overview....................................................................................................................................1 A.1 The Context.................................................................................................1 A.2 This Report..................................................................................................2 A.3 Major Findings............................................................................................ 3 A.4 Ideas for Action...........................................................................................12 References and Notes................................................................................. 15 Section 1 Introduction.......................................................................................................16 1.1 The Context.................................................................................................16 1.1.1 Policy and Institutional Environment..........................................................16 1.1.2 The Real Challenge......................................................................................16 1.1.3 The Alternative Perspective of Disaster Management................................16 1.2 This Report..................................................................................................18 1.2.1 The Conceptual Framework........................................................... ............ 19 1.2.2 The Scope................................................................................................... 19 1.3 The Research Process..................................................................................20 1.3.1 Sampling Procedure................................................................................... 22 1.4 Why River Indus and its Neighboring Districts?.......................................... 22 References and Notes................................................................................. 39 Section 2 An Overview of Hazards and Vulnerability in Pakistan and Sampled Districts..... 40 2.1 Physiographic Conditions and Hazards....................................................... 40 2.2 Human-Induced Hazards.............................................................................41 2.2.1 Natural and Human-induced Hazards in the Sampled Districts.................. 41 References and Notes................................................................................. 47 Section3 The Physical Conditions in the Sampled Districts................................................48 3.1 Area.............................................................................................................48 3.2 Geology....................................................................................................... 49 3.3 Climate ....................................................................................................... 49 3.4 Soil Structure.............................................................................................. 50 3.5 Natural Vegetation......................................................................................51 3.6 Landuse.......................................................................................................51 References and Notes................................................................................. 53 Section 4 Socioeconomic Conditions in the Sampled Districts........................................... 54 4.1 Demography............................................................................................... 54 4.2 Housing....................................................................................................... 55 4.3 Economic Conditions and Livelihoods.........................................................57 4.4 Education and Literacy................................................................................ 59 4.5 Health..........................................................................................................60 4.6 Agriculture, Environment and Risks............................................................ 61 References and Notes................................................................................. 64 Section 5 Besides Official Statistics: The State of Vulnerable Communities and Groups......65 5.1 The Community Survey Process ................................................................ 67 5.1.1 Limitations.................................................................................................. 67 5.2 what the Residents Say: Findings of the Household Survey....................... 68 5.3 Findings of the Community Survey............................................................. 75 5.4 Voices of the voiceless................................................................................ 80 References and Notes.................................................................... ............ 83 Page i CONTENTS NEIGHBORING RISK Section 6 Responding to Hazards: Responses and Capacities of Local Governments and Civil Society Organizations............................................84 6.1 Research Process........................................................................................ 84 6.1.1 Limitations.................................................................................................. 85 6.2 Major Findings...........................................................................................
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