Citizen Security: Progress and Challenges UPP in Rio De Janeiro

Citizen Security: Progress and Challenges

UPP in Rio de Janeiro: game changer?

Mauricio Moura

Wilson Center – Brazil Institute

March, 2014

Some facts... Source: Center for Security and Citizenship

 Brazil is one the most violent countries in the world;

 1.2 million people killed during the last 30 years;

 27.1 homicides per 100,000 residents.

 7th worst most violent nation;

 Brasilia, Belo Horizonte, Macapa, Curitiba, Goiania, Recife, Cuiaba, Sao Luis, Vitoria, Fortaleza, Manaus, Joao Pessoa and Maceio are among the top 50 most violent cities in the world (by homicide rate criteria).

City of Rio de Janeiro is still a dangerous place... Source: Rio’s State Government

 1,209 homicides in 2012

 24 homicides per 100,000 residents in 2012

 Rio de Janeiro is the home of three very dangerous/known criminal/drug-dealers organizations in the country

However....UPP’s have been improving the statistics (State and City of Rio de Janeiro)

Beginning of the pacification

Source: Blog: http://oagenteprincipal.wordpress.com/2014/03/17/mais-upps-e-menos-mortes/ Homicide rates in the city of Rio de Janeiro and resident population in pacified communities

100 thousand per 20

deaths 15 inhabitants

10 municipality

5 Number 0

Fatality rate Affected population

Source: Blog: http://oagenteprincipal.wordpress.com/2014/03/17/mais-upps-e-menos-mortes/ We asked the people about the UPP’s....

. Communities: (Adeus/ Baiana; Alemão; Andaraí; Babilônia/Chapéu Mangueira; Batan; Borel; Chatuba; Cidade de Deus; Coroa/Fallet/Fogueteiro; Escondidinho/Prazeres; Fazendinha; Formiga; Jacarezinho; Macacos; Mangueira/Tuiuti; Manguinhos; Nova Brasília; Parque Proletário; Pavão-Pavãozinho/Cantagalo; Providência; Rocinha; Salgueiro; Santa Marta; São Carlos; São João/Matriz/Quieto; Tabajaras/Cabritos; Turano; Vidigal e Vila Cruzeiro.) . Dates (two waves):– September 2011 and January 2013 . Number of interviews- 3,816 in 2011 and 5.200 in 2013 (3,285 in the communities and 1,915 in the surround areas) Rio de Janeiro UPP locations

Morro São João number of police officers Morro do Batam Morro da Providência 200 jan/2011 number of residents 106 feb/2009 Morro do Macaco 179 feb/2011 6,000 7,000 date 45,000 215 nov/2010 27,000

Morro São Carlos 241 may/2011 17,000 Morro do Andaraí Morro dos Prazeres 214 jul/2010 206 feb/2011 Morro Turano 13,000 13,000 176 sep/2009 18,000 Morro Coroa/Fallet

Cidade de Deus 206 feb/2011 13,000 344 feb/2009 45,000 Morro Babilônia / Chapéu Mangueira Morro do Salgueiro 96 jun/2009 138 sep/2010 Morro do Borel 10,000 5,000 214 jul/2010 Morro Cantagalo / 13,000 Pavão-Pavãozinho 176 dec/2009 Morro da Formiga Morro Santa Marta 13,000

102 jul/2010 112 dec/2008 Morro Tabajaras / 5,000 10,000 Cabritos Source: UPP diagnostic survey conducted by Ideia Inteligência, Endeavor and Secretary of Labor and Employment - Government 131 ofjan/2010 Rio. Source: Prefeitura Municipal e Secretaria de Segurança do Rio de Janeiro / Instituto Pereira Passos / Site UPPRJ October 2011. All Rights Reserved. 7,000 Rio de Janeiro UPP locations

Fé/Sereno Vila Cruzeiro number of police officers 300 Ago/2012 Alemão number of residents 170 Jun/2012 35.740 17.170 320 Maio/2012 date 15.094

Chatuba 230 Jun/2012 10.205

Parque Proletário 220 Ago/2012 18.661

Fazendinha 314 Abr/2012 Rocinha 12.399 310 Set/2012 17.085 Adeus/Baiana Vidigal Nova Brasília 245 Maio/2012 4.354 246 Jan/2012 340 Abr/2012 10.372 28.661 Source: Prefeitura Municipal e Secretaria de Segurança do Rio de Janeiro / Instituto Pereira Passos / Site UPPRJ Rio de Janeiro UPP locations

Fé/Sereno Vila Cruzeiro number of police officers 300 Ago/2012 Alemão number of residents 170 Jun/2012 35.740 17.170 320 Maio/2012 date 15.094

Chatuba 230 Jun/2012 Manguinhos 10.205 588 Jan/2013 22.937

Jacarezinho Parque Proletário 543 Jan/2013 220 Ago/2012 30.037 18.661

January 2013 September 2011

2.1 4.1 4.7 7.2 Worse 24.4 33.6 Neither better or worse 57 Better Don't Know 66.8 Public security/safety in community after the UPP installation Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011 Don't Know Worse Neither better nor worse Better

1.5 2 3 1.3 0.81.6 4.1 4 1.7 4.7 2 1.3 4 4 3.5 9.3 2 7.5 8.7 3.5 6.3 8.7 8 5.6 4.7 4.5 5.5 6.3 11.5 10 14.9 16.1 14.5 21.2 24 46.1 30.7 28.3 44.7 30 34 43.5 37.5

89.6 83 83.5 81 80.3 80 65.3 69.2 60 62.3 61.5 52.6 53 53.9 47.8 50

sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 Andaraí Babilônia/ Chapéu Batan Borel Cidade de Deus Coroa/ Fallet/ Escondidinho/ Formiga Mangueira Fogueteiro Prazeres

Source: Question . P5. In your opinion, the public security in your community/neighborhood, after the UPP (Pacifying Police Unit)

Base : RESIDENTS Communities: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews. Public security/safety in community after the UPP installation Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011

Don't Know Worse Neither better nor worse Better

3.6 0.7 0.7 3.6 3.3 2.2 2 3.4 4 4 2 0.7 5.5 5.3 7 7.3 6 0.7 3.3 3.5 4.5 5.3 6.4 2 9.8 3 15.3 5.5 8 6 6.4 12.6 16 16 12.5 24 40 25.9 23 25.5 32 28 25.3 27.4 40 31.6 26.1 28.5 53.3 51

44.3

78.4 80 72 70.5 64.5 67.2 61 61.3 59.7 60 60 55.6 56 58 54 41.1 43.5 33.3

sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 Macacos Pavão- Providência Salgueiro Santa Marta São Carlos São João/ Matriz/ Tabajaras/ Turano Pavãozinho/ Quieto Cabritos Cantagalo

Source: Question . P5. In your opinion, the public security in your community/neighborhood, after the UPP (Pacifying Police Unit)

Base : RESIDENTS Communities: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews. Life after UPP’s installation Community and Surrounds (%)

Better Neither better nor worse Worse Don’t Know Community - 55,9 35,2 6,6 2,3 Surrounds - 61,0 34,9 1,8 2,3 0.8 2.6 1.7 1 4.1 4.8 8 2.5 3.1 9.3 2.7 6.7 6.7 3.8 8.5 4.3 2.9 5.6 14.9 1.9 8.7 5.3 25 18.9 21.5 28 31.5 42.1 29.5 31.1 34.6 48.1 34.7 30.7 40 37.3 44.4 38.3 39.1

85.1 81.1 74.4 69.3 75 64.4 66.7 60 63.2 61.5 57.3 57.9 53.3 56 49.4 45.2 47.9 47.8 Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Adeus/ Baiana Alemão Andaraí Babilônia/ Batan Borel Chatuba Cidade de Deus Coroa/ Fallet/ Escondidinho/ Chapéu Fogueteiro Prazeres Mangueira

Source: Question . P4. In your opinion, your life in this community, after UPP: Base RESIDENTS: Community = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews. Life after UPP’s installation Community and Surrounds (%)

Better Neither better nor worse Worse Don’t Know Community - 55,9 35,2 6,6 2,3 Surrounds - 61,0 34,9 1,8 2,3

1.3 2.7 1.4 1.3 0.7 2.8 1.3 1.3 1.4 5.3 5 5.7 7.3 3.8 4.7 3.3 6.8 1.33.9 5.3 8 13.9 10 8 22.7 10 4 20 15.1 23.3 19.7 32 46.7 50.7 36 29.9 41.9 26.7 34.7 66.7 35 64 31.3

76 72.9 78.3 75 63.3 55.3 55.6 60 48 50 50 53.3 46.7 40.7 33.3 24.7 Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Fazendinha Fé/ Sereno Formiga Jacarezinho Macacos MangueiraManguinhosNv Brasília Pq Proletário Pavão

Source: Question . P4. In your opinion, your life in this community, after UPP: Base RESIDENTS: Community = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews. Life after UPP installation Community and Surrounds (%)

Better Neither better nor worse Worse Don’t Know Community - 55,9 35,2 6,6 2,3 Surrounds - 61,0 34,9 1,8 2,3 0.8 1 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.3 1.2 3.3 7.1 0.72.7 3.3 6.7 1.7 1.22.5 1.3 1.3 6 6 2.4 6 11.1 1.7 8.4 23.8 16.7 3.3 15.1 33.1 29.5 23.3 36 41 29.9 33.3 36.1 48 42 44.6 46.7 59.7 25.4 44.4 67.9

80 75.2 70.5 73.3 66.1 64.2 57.3 61.3 57.7 52.4 53.8 49.3 51.3 51.8 41.1 45 40.3 28.4 Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Surrounds Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Community Providência Rocinha Salgueiro Santa Marta São Carlos São João Tabajaras Turano Vidigal Vila Cruzeiro

Source: Question . P4. In your opinion, your life in this community, after UPP: Base RESIDENTS: Community = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews. How about the number of the UPP’s police officers Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011

January 2013 September 2011

11.4 4.7 9 21.6

53.4

Source: Question . P6. Do you consider the number of police officers of UPP (Pacifying Police Unit):

Base : RESIDENTS Communities: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews. How do you feel about the UPP police officer’s training? Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011

January 2013 September 2011

16 8.4 6.2

23.1 46.4 Training of the UPP’s police officers Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011

Don't Know Very poor trained Poor trained Well trained Very well trained

1.3 3.3 1.3 9.6 12.5 15.3 13.5 9.2 6.6 12 13 10.5 1.2 18 19.8 17 17 25.5 23.8 5.5 2.7 4.7 5 14 34.8 10 20.7 4.5 5 11.2 6.6 14.5 10 7.5 25 28 6 31.4 42.1 29.5 30 63.2 22 10.9 35.8 30 26.3

65.2 21.7 61 65.3 63.5 51 37.6 56 46.5 41.5 40.7 31.1 46.1 36.3 37.5 32.6 26.3 11.2 6 6 10 6.6 7 6.3 4 4.1 1.3 4.3 1 5 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 Andaraí Babilônia/ Chapéu Batan Borel Cidade de Deus Coroa/ Fallet/ Escondidinho/ Formiga Mangueira Fogueteiro Prazeres

Source: Question . P7. Regarding the preparation of the UPP (Pacifying Police Unit) police you consider: Base : RESIDENTS Communities: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews. Training of UPP’s police officers Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011

Don't Know Very poor trained Poor trained Well trained Very well trained

1 1.1 2.7 4.9 8 2.9 7 2.8 8.7 13.4 11.4 9.3 5.3 15.5 18 2.7 18.4 19.2 11.4 16.8 0.7 17.8 3.5 16 24 23.5 2.5 4 1.5 10 3.5 4.4 11.9 22.7 18.5 30 13.4 11.6 28.5 26.7 36 8.7 17.6 9.1 21 54.9 25 29.9 25.9 27.2 55.2 26.7 25.4 31.1 51.2 76.7 56 41 50.7 55.6 56 44.5 58.7 38.2 53.3 30.3 33.2 38.7 37.5 37.5 37 29.5 20 22.9 11.9 12 11.3 6.4 9 8.8 2 5.6 4.5 4.4 1.3 5.5 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 sept/11 jan/13 Macacos Pavão- Providência Salgueiro Santa Marta São Carlos São João/ Tabajaras/ Turano Pavãozinho/ Matriz/ Quieto Cabritos Cantagalo

Source: Question . P7. Regarding the preparation of the UPP (Pacifying Police Unit) police you consider:

Base : RESIDENTS Communities: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews. Corruption and UPP’s police officers Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011

42.6 jan/13 set/11sept/11

23 19.2

10.6 10.3 7.7 7.2 7.2 6.7 5.1 11.8 2.9 8.1 6.9 0.1 5.3 4.6 5 5.7 6 3.7 0.3

(2 – 9) - some involvement

Source: P.8) Now thinking about the UPP involvement in corruption, what score would you give in 1 to 10 with 1 being the lowest score and meaning no involvement and 10 the highest score, meaning full involvement. What score would you give? Base: RESIDENTS Community: January/13 = 3.285; September/11 = 3816 interviews. What is bad about the UPP’s ? Community (%)

Source: Question . P9. What is the UPP`s main weakness in your community? Base: Residents in the community: 3.285 interviews. Knowledge about other social programs and Government’s initiatives after UPP’s Community (%)

Source: Question . P13. Do you know other programs or government ‘s initiatives which began after the UPP entry in your community? Base: Community residents: 3.285 interviews. Overall opinion of programs and initiatives implemented in community Community (%) Jan/2013 vs Sept/2011

January 2013 September 2011

Source: Question. P13b. Could you tell me if this program implemented in your community after the entry of the UPP is great, good, regular, bad or very bad?

Base: RESIDENTS Communities: Know other programs or government’s initiatives : January/13 = 685; September/11 = 955 interviews. What do you think about the UPP’s future ? Community and Surrounds (%)

Should be in more Should stay just communities and Should end Don’t Know where they are now neighborhoods of the and not be extended city

Community - 74,3 10,2 8,0 7,5

Surrounds - 83,1 10,8 3,1 3,0

Source: Question . P11. Which of these statements comes closest to your opinion about the UPPs:

Base RESIDENTS: Communities = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews. UPP’s: permanent or temporary ? Community and Surrounds (%)

Source: Question . P10. Do you believe that the UPP is : Base RESIDENTS: Communities = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews. What is your opinion about the UPP’s ? Community and Surrounds (%)

It has some problems but it The UPP’s is just marketing, it is the best thing that ever Don’t Know doesn’t really work happened on public security in Rio

Community - 21,9 68,2 9,9

Surrounds - 13,8 82,8 3,4

Source: Question. P12. And these other sentences, which of them is closest to your opinion about the UPPs : Base RESIDENTS: Communities = 3.285 interviews and Surrounds = 1.915 interviews. Key points...

 Brazil is really a dangerous and violent place. Facts are facts.

 City of Rio de Janeiro has improved public security after the UPP’s. Game changer ?

 Residents really think UPP’s make life better and safer. For them, it is certainly a game changer.

 There is uncertainty about the future of the UPP’s. Short-term or long-term game changer ? To be answered.....

Key points..

Thanks / Obrigado !!! [email protected] and [email protected]