Site Atlas Correct Citation: Sijmons K., Kiplimo J., Förch W., Thornton P.K., Moussa, A.S

Stevie Mann/ILRI TanzaniaNiger Usambara Kollo/Fakara CCAFS siteatlas CGIAR Research Programon ClimateChange, AgricultureandFood Security(CCAFS)

Site Atlas Correct citation: Sijmons K., Kiplimo J., Förch W., Thornton P.K., Moussa, A.S. and Zougmoré, R. (2013). CCAFS Site Atlas – Kollo / Fakara. CCAFS site atlas series. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Copenhagen, Denmark. Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org

Titles in this series aim to disseminate interim climate change, agriculture and food security research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community.

This document is published by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) which is a strategic partnership between CGIAR and Future Earth. CCAFS is supported by the CGIAR Fund, the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), the Australian Government Overseas Aid Program (AusAid), Irish Aid, Environment Canada, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the Netherlands, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT), UK Aid, the Government of Russia, and the European Union (EU). The Program is carried out with technical support from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

Contact: CCAFS Coordinating Unit - Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 21, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Tel: +45 35331046; Email: [email protected]

Creative Commons License

This Atlas is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Articles appearing in this publication may be freely quoted and reproduced provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes.

DISCLAIMER:

This Atlas Series has been prepared as an output for Theme 4.2 under the CCAFS program and has not been peer reviewed. Any opinions stated herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or opinions of CCAFS, donor agencies, or partners. The geographic designation employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CCAFS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission of the source. Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction...... iv

Regional Map...... 1

Topographic Map ...... 2

Satellite Map ...... 3

Chapter 2: Climate and Climate Variability

Annual Rainfall ...... 4

Annual Temperature ...... 5

Aridity Index ...... 6

Chapter 3: Bio-Physical Characteristics

Altitude...... 7

Soil Type ...... 8

Agro-Ecological Zones ...... 9

Landcover ...... 10

Landuse ...... 11

Length of Growing Period 2000 ...... 12

Length of Growing Period 2030 ...... 13

Crop Suitability ...... 14 Livestock Production Systems ...... 15

Livestock Density...... 16

Chapter 4: Socio-Economic Factors

Livelihood Zones...... 17

Human Population Density ...... 18

Market Access ...... 19

Poverty ...... 20

Conservations Areas...... 21

References and Data Sources...... 22 Introduction

The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) seeks to promote a food-secure world through the provision of science-based eﬀorts that support sustainable agriculture and enhance livelihoods while adapting to climate change and conserving natural resources and environmental services.

Climate change is an unprecedented threat to the food security of hundreds of millions of people who depend on small-scale agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate change aﬀects agriculture and food security, and likewise, agriculture and natural resource management aﬀect the climate system.

CCAFS has initially focused on three regions; East Africa (EA), West Africa (WA) and South Asia (SA) to carry out its research. The 15 CCAFS sites in these areas represent areas that are becoming both drier and wetter, and are focal locations that will generate results that can be applied and adapted to other regions worldwide. In this year, 2013, CCAFS is expanding its portfolio to additional sites in Latin America and South-East Asia.

These sites serve as the initial focus of CCAFS partnership-building and long-term research activities falling within the following CCAFS Research Themes; Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change, Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk, Pro-Poor Climate Change Mitigation and Integration for Decision Making. At all 15 CCAFS sites, baseline surveys have been conducted, including three levels of data collection and analysis at household, village and organizational levels (see: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/resources/baseline-surveys).

More information on CCAFS work in all the three regions can be accessed at www.ccafs.cgiar.org

To better understand the CCAFS sites’ characteristics, a list of geospatial indicators for climate variability, bio-physical characteristics and socio-economic variables have been mapped into site atlases.

This Atlas was developed for the CCAFS site at Kollo / Fakara in Niger, in West Africa Region.

IV CCAFS Sites: West Africa

20ºW 10ºW 0º N N º º 0 0 2 2 N N º º 0 0 1 1

Burkina Faso: Yatenga (BF01) Ghana: Lawra-Jirapa (GH01) º

º Mali: Segou (MA01) 0 0 Niger: Kollo (NI01) Senegal: Kaffrine (SE01)

CCAFS Country Sites 20ºW 10ºW 0º

1 Citation: GeoMapa (2013a) Topography Kollo

2°30'E 3°E Danyan !( Kanya !( !(Maoreydo Ataloga Gondon Béri CCAFS Site NI01, Kollo / Fakara, Niger !( !( Djani Toulou !( Gatwan Dorobobo Digina !( !( !( !( Fandou Béri Bétou Bakomaka !( !( !( Tanga Koara !( !( !( Koutoubi N Soudyédo Takarwé !( N ° Kounam °

4 Delli Tondi Atou Kwara 4 !( Kokorobé Bangou Bangali Bonkoukou 1 !( Goumbibanda !( 1 !( Deitagui !( Sakaleye Tondi !( Kabé Marédoumbo Amassaral !( !( !( Damana!( !( Banigorou !( Kiri Ouratondi !( Fandou Mayaki Nazey !( Karey Bangou !( Kokorobé Fandou Farmas !( !( !( !( Tabla !( Dinédo !( Korgam Gardana Kwara Massi Koibou !( !( !( !( Boulkas !(Falinké Banizoumbou !( Birni Madeizé Sansané Tibawa Gounoa Bangou !( Baleyara !( !( Kiran Bilinngol Diouré !( Timboraanne Soli !( !( !( !( Gorougindé Koné Béri Gadabo Fatakadié Bangario !( !( !( Kolo Bossey !( Fandoga !( !( !( Birni Lafia Agarous !( Banikossey Bangario Keyna Koné-Kaina !( !( !( Nazamné !( Koaratigui !( Tianfandou !( Kogori Peul Tondi Kyiré !( Birni Kobéri !( !( !( Badoko Dey Tagui Garabey Tombo Borgo Gorou !( !( !( Bouroubou Kabé !( Balidey !( !( Daré Guirgorou !( Koguéli !( Goudel Gorou Goguiézé!( Kwara Boundousounti Loga Waziri Kwara !( !( !( Bourdounga !( !( Dantiandoutéji !( Boundouarou !( Kossey Kongou !( !( !( !( !( Hamdilaye !( Kokorbé Mayaki Yantala Louga Samadey Diongo !( !( Gouni Kwara Banizoumbou !( !( Bani Dey Niamey !( !( !( Yéda Kobé Béri !( !( N N ' !( Abamaté Gonga ' 0 !. Poudriere Fandou Béri !( 0

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki !( GuéssélbodiKokwaré Djerma !( !( !( !( !( Dantyandou Baboussaye !( Paterga Yeni Tokoy !( !( !( Koulou Kwara !( !( Korkodé !( !( Moussadey !( Tioudawa Mayaki !( Tombo !( Bangaria Zou Banizoumbo Boyénga Kollo !(Bogol !( !( !( !( !( Tibo Béri Koure !( Dounga Gougou !( Nyalé Kwara Bouloukoutou !( !( !( !( Hanandé !( Windé Keyna Niabéré Béla !( Hamka Paliadouga !( Garankadei !( Kobé Azia !( !( !( Harikanassou Kiota Dikoré !( !( Moko Damari Sékoukou Kwara Mayaki !( Magaridey !( !( !( !( !( !( Beika Dagari Kodo Tiaédé !( Guéssé Béri Diakindi !( !( !( !( !( Sandidey !( Douddo !( Babiadey !( Léné Banikadey Foumbia Kobodé!( Kofo !( Dare !( Niki Béri Coordinates of the CCAFS Baseline !( !( Ténaré!( Fatasayé !( Numey Kaguru Sampling frame !( !( Dey Tégui Noma Dombossédey Margou Benné !( Lontia Beri !( !( Deygorou Tondifou Bossadji !( 2.826E 13.379N Say !( Guidel !( !( Dey Tégui Niondou !( !( Birni Ngaoure !( 2.826E 13.654N Debiel Tana Béri !( !( Toulouey !( !( Dosso Fogodji !( Lladé Bondiolo 2.547E 13.654N !( N Kara N 2.547E 13.379N ° !( !( ° 3 Tondi 3

1 Tidirika 1 !( Bayo !( Aoulaol Babangata Barkiré !( Agali !( Samandi Tomboasan !( !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( Baniébangou Fabidji Sounga !( !( !( Banizoumbou Rambi !( !( !( Dyabou Oundougoumé Banikoubey !( !( Touhoré !( !( Kwassey Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui Rossi !( Kirtachi Zéno !( Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey Nyamadé !( !( !( !( !( Kirtachi !( !( Gorou Yéno Bolé !( Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada !( Sampling frame size: 30km x 30km 2°30'E 3°E !. Town Road Settlement River Scale 1:1,000,000 River Bed 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km 2 Citation: GeoMapa (2013b) Satellite Image Fakara

N 2°40'0"E 2°50'0"E " 0 ' 0 4 ° 3 1

010 -10-2 Tafa Kouara om 23 ery fr (! imag on dEye soluti Rapi nd re !( grou at 5m Goguiézé Kwara line Base ehold Hous HBS= ey Surv (! ine Kouara Zéno Basel llage S= Vi VB rvey Su e aselin onal B nizati Orga OBS= ey Surv

Fandou Béri !( !( Banizoumbou Abamaté

N !( N " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 3 3 ° ° 3 3 1 1

Tigo Zéno .! Road Fandoba !( (! Guileyni !( Settlement (! !( Dey Tégui Kampa Zarma .! CCAFS VBS/OBS village (! CCAFS HBS villages !( Dantyandou Baboussay (! Toulliel Korkodé (! !( CCAFS Baseline Sampling Frame 2°40'0"E 2°50'0"E

Scale 1:225,000 0 2.5 5 10 15 Kilometers

3 Citation: RapidEye (2010) Annual Rainfall

2°30'E 3°E Danyan 0° !( Kanya !( !(Maoreydo Ataloga Gondon Béri !( !( Djani Toulou !( Gatwan Dorobobo Digina !( !( !( !( Fandou Béri Bétou Bakomaka !( !( !( Tanga Koara !( !( !( Koutoubi N Soudyédo Takarwé !( N ° Kounam °

4 Delli Tondi Atou Kwara 4 !( Kokorobé Bangou Bangali Bonkoukou 1 !( Goumbibanda !( 1 !( Deitagui !( Sakaleye Tondi !( Kabé Marédoumbo Amassaral M A L I !( !( !( Damana!( !( Banigorou !( Kiri Ouratondi !( Fandou Mayaki Nazey !( Karey Bangou !( Kokorobé Fandou Farmas !( !( !( !( Tabla !( Dinédo !( Korgam N I G E R Gardana Kwara Massi Koibou !( !( !( !( Boulkas !(Falinké Banizoumbou !( Birni Madeizé Sansané Tibawa Gounoa Bangou !( Baleyara !( !( Kiran Bilinngol Diouré !( Timboraanne Soli !( !( !( !( Gorougindé Koné Béri Gadabo Fatakadié Bangario !( !( !( Kolo Bossey !( Fandoga !( !( !( Birni Lafia Agarous !( Banikossey Bangario Keyna Koné-Kaina !( !( !( Nazamné !( Koaratigui !( Tianfandou !( Kogori Peul Tondi Kyiré !( Birni Kobéri !( !( !( Badoko Dey Tagui Garabey Tombo Borgo Gorou !( !( !( Bouroubou Kabé !( Balidey !( !( Daré Guirgorou !( Koguéli !( Goudel Gorou Goguiézé!( Kwara Boundousounti Loga Waziri Kwara !( !( !( Bourdounga !( !( Dantiandoutéji !( Boundouarou !( Kossey BURKINA FASO Kongou !( !( !( !( !( Hamdilaye !( Kokorbé Mayaki Yantala Louga Samadey Diongo !( !( Gouni Kwara Banizoumbou !( !( Bani Dey Niamey !( !( !( Yéda Kobé Béri !( !( N N ' !( Abamaté Gonga ' 0 !. Poudriere Fandou Béri !( 0

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

1 Tidirika 1 !( Bayo !( Aoulaol Fakara Mean Monthly Rainfall Distribution !( Fakara Mean Monthly Rainfall Distribution Babangata Barkiré Agali Rainfall (mm) !( Samandi Tomboasan !( s ) !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( 200 20 y a

Baniébangou m !( Fabidji !( < = 250 !( D Sounga Banizoumbou Rambi !( m !( !( 150 15 y (

Dyabou Oundougoumé n !( !( !( !( Banikoubey l i Touhoré Kwassey 250 - 750 l a !( Tyangalgui a Bondyagouré f 100 10 Rainfall (mm)

Rossi R

!( !( n f Kirtachi Zéno 750 - 1,250 i a !( Koumbo Koy Dey o Sissan Sinnguibossey 50 5 No. of Rainy Days . Nyamadé !( !( !( !( !( R Kirtachi !( o !( !( Gorou Yéno Nyarnyandé Nakifada 1,250 - 1,750 0 0 N

Bolé t r t Bassi r c y v y g e b !( n l c a p p a e o u n a e u e J O A F u J D A N M M S 2°30'E 3°E > = 1,750 J !. Town Road Citation: Jones et al (2002) Settlement ll data River Rainfa nnual Scale 1:1,000,000 A t River Bed curren of ons 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers rpolati inte data, served of ob e entativ repres 0 1 cm = 10 km 0 - 200 of 195 16

Fakara 4 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Hijmans et al (2005) Annual Temperature

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

1 !( !( Tidirika 1 Bayo Aoulaol Temperature (ºC) FakaFra kMaera nM Meoant hMlyo nTethmlyp eTreamtuprer Datisutrreib Duitsiotrnibution Babangata Barkiré !( Agali !( Samandi Tomboasan !( !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( < = 15 50 )

Baniébangou l !( Fabidji !( Sounga !( Banizoumbou Rambi e 40 C

!( !( !( Dyabou Oundougoumé 15 - 20 . !( !( !( !( Kwassey Banikoubey g Temp. Max Touhoré e 30

!( Tyangalgui d

Bondyagouré ( Rossi 20 - 25 !( !( . 20 Kirtachi Zéno p Temp. Min !( Sissan Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey m !( !( !( !( !( e 10

Nyamadé 25 - 30 T Kirtachi !( !( Gorou Yéno Temp. Mean Bolé !( Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada 0 t r t !( r c y v g y n b e l c a p p e

> = 30 a a o u e n u J e O A F J D u A N M M S 2°30'E 3°E J !. Town Road e Citation: Jones et al (2002) eratur Settlement Temp River nnual ual A ts ann Scale 1:1,000,000 resen a of River Bed rep re dat eratu ions 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers temp rpolat nt inte curre data, erved of obs 1 cm = 10 km ed for averag 16 - 2000 1950

Fakara 5 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Hijmans et al (2005) Aridity Index

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

GuéssélbodiKokwaré Djerma !( ° ° !( !( !( Dantyandou 0 0 Baboussaye Paterga Yeni Tokoy 1 1 !( !( !( Koulou Kwara !( !( Korkodé !( !( Moussadey BENIN !( Tioudawa Mayaki !( Tombo !( Bangaria Zou Banizoumbo Boyénga Kollo !(Bogol !( !( !( !( !( Tibo Béri GHANA Koure !( Dounga Gougou !( Nyalé Kwara Bouloukoutou !( !( !( !( Hanandé !( TOGO Windé Keyna Niabéré Béla !( Hamka Paliadouga !( Garankadei !( Kobé Azia !( !( !( Harikanassou Kiota Dikoré !( !( Moko Damari Sékoukou Kwara Mayaki !( Magaridey !( !( !( !( !( !( Beika Dagari Kodo Tiaédé !( Guéssé Béri Diakindi !( !( !( !( !( Sandidey !( Douddo !( Babiadey !( Léné Banikadey Foumbia Kobodé!( Kofo !( Dare !( Niki Béri 0° !( !( Ténaré!( Fatasayé !( Numey Kaguru International boundary !( !( Dey Tégui Noma Dombossédey Margou Benné !( Scale 1:12,500,000 Lontia Beri !( !( Deygorou Tondifou Bossadji !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers Say !( Guidel !( !( Dey Tégui Niondou !( !( Birni Ngaoure !( Debiel Tana Béri !( !( Toulouey !( !( Dosso Fogodji !( Lladé Bondiolo !( Corresponds to the map on the left N Kara N ° !( !( ° 3 Tondi 3 s 1 !( !( Tidirika 1 ate Bayo Aoulaol Aridity Index indic Babangata Barkiré !( Agali Index !( !( ity ss, Samandi Tomboasan Fardiedi Arid ryne !( Bouraéso !( !( !( Hyper Arid l of d ion Baniébangou Fabidji leve irat Sounga !( !( !( Banizoumbou Rambi the ansp !( !( !( potr Dyabou Oundougoumé Arid eva en !( !( !( !( Kwassey Banikoubey king a giv Touhoré ta nt, at l Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui Rossi ccou infal !( !( Semi Arid to a n ra Kirtachi Zéno in know Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey ion of Nyamadé !( !( !( !( !( locat Kirtachi !( !( Gorou Yéno Dry sub-humid Bolé !( Nyarnyandé Nakifada !( Bassi Humid 2°30'E 3°E !. Town Road Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km

Fakara 6 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Trabucco et al (2009) Altitude

2°30'E 3°E Danyan 0° Kanya Maoreydo Ataloga Gondon Béri Djani Toulou Gatwan Dorobobo Digina Fandou Béri Bétou Bakomaka Tanga Koara Koutoubi

N Soudyédo Takarwé N

° Kounam °

4 Delli Tondi Atou Kwara 4 Kokorobé Bangou Bangali Bonkoukou 1 Goumbibanda 1 M A L I Deitagui Sakaleye Tondi Kabé Marédoumbo Damana Amassaral Banigorou Kiri Ouratondi Fandou Mayaki Nazey N I G E R Karey Bangou Kokorobé Fandou Farmas Tabla Dinédo Korgam Gardana Kwara Massi Koibou Falinké Banizoumbou Boulkas Birni Madeizé Sansané Tibawa Gounoa Bangou Baleyara Kiran Bilinngol Diouré Timboraanne Soli Gorougindé Koné Béri Gadabo Fatakadié Bangario Kolo Bossey Fandoga Birni Lafia Agarous Bangario Keyna Koné-Kaina Banikossey Nazamné Tianfandou Kogori Peul Koaratigui Tondi Kyiré Dey Tagui Birni Kobéri Garabey Tombo Badoko Bouroubou Kabé Borgo Gorou Balidey Daré Guirgorou Koguéli Goudel Gorou Goguiézé Kwara Boundousounti Waziri Kwara BURKINA FASO Bourdounga Loga Dantiandoutéji Kongou Boundouarou Kossey Hamdilaye Kokorbé Mayaki Yantala Louga Samadey Diongo Gouni Kwara Banizoumbou Bani Dey Niamey Yéda Kobé Béri N N ' Abamaté Gonga ' 0 Poudriere Fandou Béri 0 3 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 Barkiavel Alfari 3 1 Bamey 1 N I G E R I A Fandoba Guileyni N N Gaweye Yélouna ° ° Bangou Banda Zouzou Béri Boudéfandou 0 0 Dériki 1 1 GuéssélbodiKokwaré Djerma Dantyandou Baboussaye Paterga Yeni Tokoy BENIN Koulou Kwara Tioudawa Korkodé Mayaki Moussadey GHANA Boyénga Kollo Bogol Tombo Bangaria Zou Banizoumbo Tibo Béri Dounga Gougou Koure Nyalé Kwara Bouloukoutou TOGO Hanandé Windé Keyna Niabéré Béla Hamka Garankadei Paliadouga Harikanassou Kiota Kobé Azia Dikoré Damari Sékoukou Kwara Mayaki Moko Magaridey Beika Dagari Kodo Tiaédé Guéssé Béri Diakindi Sandidey Douddo Babiadey Léné Banikadey Foumbia Kobodé Kofo Dare Niki Béri 0° Ténaré Fatasayé Numey Kaguru International boundary Dey Tégui Noma Dombossédey Margou Benné Scale 1:12,500,000 Lontia Beri Deygorou Tondifou Bossadji 0 125 250 500 Kilometers Say Guidel Dey Tégui Niondou Birni Ngaoure Tana Béri Debiel Toulouey Fogodji Dosso Lladé Bondiolo Corresponds to the map on the left N Kara N ° °

3 Tondi 3

1 Tidirika 1 Bayo Aoulaol Altitude (m) tes the Babangata Barkiré Agali indica l Samandi Tomboasan > = 500 tude leve Bouraéso Fardiedi Alti ve sea Baniébangou Fabidji t abo Sounga Banizoumbou Rambi 400 - 500 heigh Dyabou Oundougoumé Banikoubey ers Touhoré Kwassey n met Bondyagouré Tyangalgui Rossi 300 - 400 i Kirtachi Zéno Sissan Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey 200 - 300 Kirtachi Nyamadé Gorou Yéno Bolé Nyarnyandé Nakifada Bassi 100 - 200

2°30'E 3°E < = 100 !. Town Road Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km 16

Fakara 7 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Jarvis et al (2008) Soil Type

4 Delli Tondi Atou Kwara 4 !( Kokorobé Bangou Bangali Bonkoukou 1 !( Goumbibanda !( 1 M A L I !( Deitagui !( Sakaleye Tondi !( Kabé Marédoumbo Amassaral !( !( !( Damana!( !( Banigorou !( Kiri Ouratondi !( Fandou Mayaki Nazey !( N I G E R Karey Bangou !( Kokorobé Fandou Farmas !( !( !( !( Tabla !( Dinédo !( Korgam Gardana Kwara Massi Koibou !( !( !( !( Boulkas !(Falinké Banizoumbou !( Birni Madeizé Sansané Tibawa Gounoa Bangou !( Baleyara !( !( Kiran Bilinngol Diouré !( Timboraanne Soli !( !( !( !( Gorougindé Koné Béri Gadabo Fatakadié Bangario !( !( !( Kolo Bossey !( Fandoga !( !( !( Birni Lafia Agarous !( Banikossey Bangario Keyna Koné-Kaina !( !( !( Nazamné !( Koaratigui !( Tianfandou !( Kogori Peul Tondi Kyiré !( Birni Kobéri !( !( !( Badoko Dey Tagui Garabey Tombo Borgo Gorou !( !( !( Bouroubou Kabé !( Balidey !( !( Daré Guirgorou !( Koguéli !( Goudel Gorou Goguiézé!( Kwara Boundousounti Loga Waziri Kwara BURKINA FASO !( !( !( Bourdounga !( !( Dantiandoutéji !( Boundouarou !( Kossey Kongou !( !( !( !( !( Hamdilaye !( Kokorbé Mayaki Yantala Louga Samadey Diongo !( !( Gouni Kwara Banizoumbou !( !( Bani Dey Niamey !( !( !( Yéda Kobé Béri !( !( N N ' !( Abamaté Gonga ' 0 !. Poudriere Fandou Béri !( 0

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( !( Bamey !( !( 1 N I G E R I A Fandoba Guileyni N N Gaweye Yélouna !( !( ° ° Bangou Banda !( Zouzou Béri Boudéfandou 0 0 Dériki 1 1 !( GuéssélbodiKokwaré Djerma !( !( !( !( !( Dantyandou Baboussaye !( Paterga Yeni Tokoy BENIN !( !( !( Koulou Kwara !( !( Korkodé !( !( Moussadey GHANA !( Tioudawa Mayaki !( Tombo !( Bangaria Zou Banizoumbo Boyénga Kollo !(Bogol !( !( !( !( !( Tibo Béri Koure !( Dounga Gougou !( Nyalé Kwara Bouloukoutou TOGO !( !( !( !( Hanandé !( Windé Keyna Niabéré Béla !( Hamka Paliadouga !( Garankadei !( Kobé Azia !( !( !( Harikanassou Kiota Dikoré !( !( Moko Damari Sékoukou Kwara Mayaki !( Magaridey !( !( !( !( !( !( Beika Dagari Kodo Tiaédé !( Guéssé Béri Diakindi !( !( !( !( !( Sandidey !( Douddo !( Babiadey !( Léné Banikadey Foumbia Kobodé!( Kofo !( Dare !( Niki Béri 0° !( !( Ténaré!( Fatasayé !( Numey Kaguru International boundary !( !( Dey Tégui Noma Dombossédey Margou Benné !( Scale 1:12,500,000 Lontia Beri !( !( Deygorou Tondifou Bossadji !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers Say !( Guidel !( !( Dey Tégui Niondou !( !( Birni Ngaoure !( Debiel Tana Béri !( !( Toulouey !( !( Dosso Fogodji !( Lladé Bondiolo !( Corresponds to the map on the left N Kara N il ° ° o !( !( he s 3 Tondi 3 s to t 1 Tidirika 1 r !( Bayo !( Aoulaol e refe !( Soil Type * Typ AO Babangata Barkiré Agali Soil r the F !( Samandi Tomboasan !( as pe oups !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( oup il gr Baniébangou Arenosols gr on. So nt Sounga !( !(Fabidji !( ficati pare Banizoumbou Rambi !( assi heir !( Oundougoumé !( cl by t tic !( Dyabou!( !( !( Kwassey Banikoubey Lixisols fined gene Touhoré are de orpho Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui Rossi nd m of !( !( rial a rms Kirtachi Zéno Regosols mate s in te Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey ristic nd !( !( !( !( acte s a Kirtachi Nyamadé !( !( * Legend corresponds to left map char ertie !( !( Gorou Yéno prop Bolé Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada ural nd !( truct silt a s sand, s ture ( well a 2°30'E 3°E tex nt), as conte !. Town Road clay tter nic ma Settlement River orga tent. River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 con 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km 16

Fakara 8 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO et al (2009) Agro-Ecological Zones

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

GuéssélbodiKokwaré Djerma !( ° ° !( !( !( Dantyandou 0 0 Baboussaye Paterga Yeni Tokoy 1 1 !( !( !( Koulou Kwara !( !( Korkodé !( !( Moussadey BENIN !( Tioudawa Mayaki !( Tombo !( Bangaria Zou Banizoumbo Boyénga Kollo !(Bogol !( !( !( !( !( Tibo Béri GHANA Koure !( Dounga Gougou !( Nyalé Kwara Bouloukoutou !( !( !( !( Hanandé !( TOGO Windé Keyna Niabéré Béla !( Hamka Paliadouga !( Garankadei !( Kobé Azia !( !( !( Harikanassou Kiota Dikoré !( !( Moko Damari Sékoukou Kwara Mayaki !( Magaridey !( !( !( !( !( !( Beika Dagari Kodo Tiaédé !( Guéssé Béri Diakindi !( !( !( !( !( Sandidey !( Douddo !( Babiadey !( Léné Banikadey Foumbia Kobodé!( Kofo !( Dare !( Niki Béri 0° !( !( Ténaré!( Fatasayé !( Numey Kaguru International boundary !( !( Dey Tégui Noma Dombossédey Margou Benné !( Scale 1:12,500,000 Lontia Beri !( !( Deygorou Tondifou Bossadji !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers Say !( Guidel !( !( Dey Tégui Niondou !( !( Birni Ngaoure !( Debiel Tana Béri !( !( Toulouey !( !( Dosso Fogodji !( Lladé Bondiolo !( Corresponds to the map on the left N Kara N ° !( !( ° nes 3 Tondi 3 al Zo 1 Tidirika 1 ic !( Bayo !( Aoulaol colog f !( o-E on o Babangata Barkiré Agali Agro-Ecological Zones * Agr divisi !( Samandi Tomboasan !( te the !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( dica have Baniébangou in that Sounga !( !(Fabidji !( Arid/Sahel Savanna reas s Banizoumbou Rambi !( d a stic !( Oundougoumé !( lan cteri !( Dyabou!( !( !( Banikoubey ara ty, Touhoré Kwassey Semi-arid/Sudan Savanna ilar ch itabili Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui Rossi sim nd su !( !( o la Kirtachi Zéno * Legend corresponds to left map ated t ural Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey rel ricult !( !( !( !( l ag Kirtachi Nyamadé !( !( ntia !( !( Gorou Yéno ote Bolé Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada p and !( ction t. produ l impac menta 2°30'E 3°E environ !. Town Road Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km

Fakara 9 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO (2008) Landcover

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

1 Tidirika 1 !( Bayo !( Aoulaol Landcover * Babangata Barkiré !( Agali !( Samandi Tomboasan !( e Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi Rainfed croplands Sparse vegetation s th !( Baniébangou !( show !( Fabidji !( ver l Sounga !( Banizoumbou Rambi ndco ysica !( !( !( Mosaic Croplands/Vegetation Bare areas La io)ph Dyabou Oundougoumé Banikoubey d (b !( !( Touhoré !( !( Kwassey serve 's !( Tyangalgui ob arth Bondyagouré Rossi Mosaic Vegetation/Croplands Urban area he e !( !( of t nt Kirtachi Zéno cover mina Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey .e. do !( !( !( !( Open broadleaved deciduous forest * Legend corresponds to left map e, i Kirtachi Nyamadé !( !( rfac use !( !( Gorou Yéno su and Bolé Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada on, l s. !( Mosaic Forest-Shrubland/Grassland etati ature veg ade fe man-m 2°30'E 3°E Closed to open shrubland and !. Town Road Mosaic Grassland/Forest-Shrubland Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 Closed to open grassland 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km

Fakara 10 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Arino et al (2009) Landuse

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( !( Bamey !( !( 1 N I G E R I A Fandoba Guileyni N N Gaweye Yélouna !( !( ° ° Bangou Banda !( Zouzou Béri Boudéfandou 0 0 Dériki 1 1 !( GuéssélbodiKokwaré Djerma !( !( !( !( !( Dantyandou Baboussaye !( Paterga Yeni Tokoy BENIN !( !( !( Koulou Kwara !( !( Korkodé !( !( Moussadey GHANA !( Tioudawa Mayaki !( Tombo !( Bangaria Zou Banizoumbo Boyénga Kollo !(Bogol !( !( !( !( !( Tibo Béri Koure !( Dounga Gougou !( Nyalé Kwara Bouloukoutou TOGO !( !( !( !( Hanandé !( Windé Keyna Niabéré Béla !( Hamka Paliadouga !( Garankadei !( Kobé Azia !( !( !( Harikanassou Kiota Dikoré !( !( Moko Damari Sékoukou Kwara Mayaki !( Magaridey !( !( !( !( !( !( Beika Dagari Kodo Tiaédé !( Guéssé Béri Diakindi !( !( !( !( !( Sandidey !( Douddo !( Babiadey !( Léné Banikadey Foumbia Kobodé!( Kofo !( Dare !( Niki Béri 0° !( !( Ténaré!( Fatasayé !( Numey Kaguru International boundary !( !( Dey Tégui Noma Dombossédey Margou Benné !( Scale 1:12,500,000 Lontia Beri !( !( Deygorou Tondifou Bossadji !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers Say !( Guidel !( !( Dey Tégui Niondou !( !( Birni Ngaoure !( Debiel Tana Béri !( !( Toulouey !( !( Dosso Fogodji !( Lladé Bondiolo !( Corresponds to the map on the left N Kara N ° !( !( ° 3 Tondi 3 w 1 !( !( Tidirika 1 ho Bayo Aoulaol Landuse * tion of Babangata Barkiré !( Agali escrip olves !( !( s a d t inv Samandi Tomboasan use i land.I !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( Grasslands unmaganed Land the . the Baniébangou utilize ty, i.e !( !(Fabidji !( ple ctivi Sounga Banizoumbou Rambi peo mic a cation !( Oundougoumé !( !( Grasslands low livestock density econo odifi !( Dyabou!( !( !( Banikoubey cio- nd m to Touhoré Kwassey so ent a ent in Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui agem ironm Rossi Grasslands moderate livestock density man al env !( Kirtachi Zéno !( natur ch as . !( the t,su ents Sissan Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey of onmen ttlem !( !( !( !( !( Grasslands high livestock density nvir d se le Kirtachi Nyamadé !( uilt e ds an ultip !( !( Gorou Yéno b l fiel be m Bolé Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada ultura may !( Crops and moderate intensive livestock density agric there place, t any ere. 2°30'E 3°E A , the nted h Crops and high livestock density d uses prese !. Town lan one is Road inant Sparsely vegetated areas unmanaged dom Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 Sparcely vegetated areas with low livestock density 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers Sparcely vegetated areas moderate or high livestock density

Urban area 1 cm = 10 km 16 Open water inland Fisheries * Legend corresponds to left map Fakara 11 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Natchtergaele et al (2010) Length of Growing Period 2000

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

1 Tidirika 1 !( Bayo !( Aoulaol g !( Length of Growing Period (Days) owin Babangata Barkiré Agali of Gr !( Samandi Tomboasan !( ngth ed !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( Le efin Baniébangou < = 50 The is d !( !(Fabidji !( GP) Sounga Banizoumbou Rambi od (L days !( Oundougoumé !( !( 50 - 100 Peri er of !( Dyabou!( !( !( Banikoubey mb Touhoré Kwassey the nu which Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui Rossi as ring !( !( 100 - 150 r du fed Kirtachi Zéno a yea rain Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey in ailable Nyamadé !( !( !( !( !( 150 - 200 is av for Kirtachi !( !( Gorou Yéno ere pply Bolé !( Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada th re su !( oistu > 200 soil m . rowth 2°30'E 3°E plant g !. Town Road Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km

Fakara 12 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Thornton et al (2006) Length of Growing Period 2030

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

1 Tidirika 1 !( Bayo !( Aoulaol wing !( Length of Growing Period (Days) Gro Babangata Barkiré Agali gth of d !( Samandi Tomboasan !( e Len efine !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( < = 50 Th ) is d Baniébangou Fabidji (LGP ys Sounga !( !( !( Banizoumbou Rambi riod f da !( !( !( Pe er o Dyabou Oundougoumé 50 - 100 mb !( !( !( !( Kwassey Banikoubey e nu ich Touhoré as th ing wh Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui Rossi dur ed !( !( 100 - 150 ear inf Kirtachi Zéno in a y ble ra Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey availa r !( !( !( !( is y fo Kirtachi Nyamadé !( !( 150 - 200 ere ppl !( !( Gorou Yéno th e su Bolé Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada istur !( mo re > 200 soil ; he rowth 2°30'E 3°E nt g 0. pla or 203 Town ed f !. Road model Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km

Fakara 13 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Thornton et al (2006) Crop Suitability

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

GuéssélbodiKokwaré Djerma !( ° ° !( !( !( Dantyandou 0 0 Baboussaye Paterga Yeni Tokoy 1 1 !( !( !( Koulou Kwara !( !( Korkodé !( !( Moussadey BENIN !( Tioudawa Mayaki !( Tombo !( Bangaria Zou Banizoumbo Boyénga Kollo !(Bogol !( !( !( !( !( Tibo Béri GHANA Koure !( Dounga Gougou !( Nyalé Kwara Bouloukoutou !( !( !( !( Hanandé !( TOGO Windé Keyna Niabéré Béla !( Hamka Paliadouga !( Garankadei !( Kobé Azia !( !( !( Harikanassou Kiota Dikoré !( !( Moko Damari Sékoukou Kwara Mayaki !( Magaridey !( !( !( !( !( !( Beika Dagari Kodo Tiaédé !( Guéssé Béri Diakindi !( !( !( !( !( Sandidey !( Douddo !( Babiadey !( Léné Banikadey Foumbia Kobodé!( Kofo !( Dare !( Niki Béri 0° !( !( Ténaré!( Fatasayé !( Numey Kaguru International boundary !( !( Dey Tégui Noma Dombossédey Margou Benné !( Scale 1:12,500,000 Lontia Beri !( !( Deygorou Tondifou Bossadji !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers Say !( Guidel !( !( Dey Tégui Niondou !( !( Birni Ngaoure !( Debiel Tana Béri !( !( Toulouey !( !( Dosso Fogodji !( Lladé Bondiolo !( Corresponds to the map on the left N Kara N ° !( !( ° 3 Tondi 3 s to 1 !( Tidirika 1 r !( Bayo Aoulaol refe !( Crop Suitability ility Babangata Barkiré Agali uitab !( Samandi Tomboasan !( rop S rce !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( Not suitable C sou Baniébangou d re !( !(Fabidji !( lan Sounga Banizoumbou Rambi the that d !( Oundougoumé !( !( Very low ent l lan !( Dyabou!( !( !( Banikoubey ssm tura Touhoré Kwassey asse ricul Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui s ag ant Rossi Low sider relev !( Kirtachi Zéno !( con s with n Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey ption ditio !( !( !( !( !( e o con Kirtachi Nyamadé !( Medium low us ical !( !( Gorou Yéno log Bolé Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada eco ted !( gro- pec Medium a e ex stimat s. 2°30'E 3°E to e ctivitie Medium high ing a !. Town Road cropp Settlement River High River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km

Fakara 14 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO and IIASA (2007) Livestock Production Systems

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

GuéssélbodiKokwaré Djerma !( ° ° !( !( !( Dantyandou 0 0 Baboussaye Paterga Yeni Tokoy 1 1 !( !( !( Koulou Kwara !( !( Korkodé !( !( Moussadey BENIN !( Tioudawa Mayaki !( Tombo !( Bangaria Zou Banizoumbo Boyénga Kollo !(Bogol !( !( !( !( !( Tibo Béri GHANA Koure !( Dounga Gougou !( Nyalé Kwara Bouloukoutou !( !( !( !( Hanandé !( TOGO Windé Keyna Niabéré Béla !( Hamka Paliadouga !( Garankadei !( Kobé Azia !( !( !( Harikanassou Kiota Dikoré !( !( Moko Damari Sékoukou Kwara Mayaki !( Magaridey !( !( !( !( !( !( Beika Dagari Kodo Tiaédé !( Guéssé Béri Diakindi !( !( !( !( !( Sandidey !( Douddo !( Babiadey !( Léné Banikadey Foumbia Kobodé!( Kofo !( Dare !( Niki Béri 0° !( !( Ténaré!( Fatasayé !( Numey Kaguru International boundary !( !( Dey Tégui Noma Dombossédey Margou Benné !( Scale 1:12,500,000 Lontia Beri !( !( Deygorou Tondifou Bossadji !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers Say !( Guidel !( !( Dey Tégui Niondou !( !( Birni Ngaoure !( Debiel Tana Béri !( !( Toulouey !( !( Dosso Fogodji !( Lladé Bondiolo !( Corresponds to the map on the left N Kara N ° !( !( ° as 3 Tondi 3 stems 1 !( !( Tidirika 1 Sy Bayo Aoulaol Mixed Rainfed Livestock only uction take Babangata Barkiré !( Agali Prod tems !( !( ock l sys Samandi Tomboasan Livest ltura nto !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( Arid / Semi-arid Arid /semi-arid gricu ons i Baniébangou rt of a nditi n Sounga !( !(Fabidji !( pa tic co fied i Banizoumbou Rambi !( lima assi !( Oundougoumé !( Humid / sub-humid Temperate / highland gro-c re cl k !( Dyabou!( !( !( Banikoubey a nd a stoc Touhoré Kwassey unt a d live ties Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui acco d an modi Rossi Temperate / highland Closed to open shrubland f fee com y; !( Kirtachi Zéno !( ms o stock olog !( ter live chn Sissan Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey rces; tion te tions; !( !( !( !( !( Mixed Irrigated sou duc unc Kirtachi Nyamadé !( Gorou Yéno re pro ck f ; !( !( ced; vesto ions Bolé Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada rodu nd li locat !( Arid / semi-arid Urban area p se a phic d. duct u ogra porte pro ed; ge s sup 2°30'E 3°E cover lation Humid / sub-humid Other area popu !. Town uman Road and h Temperate / highland Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km 16

Fakara 15 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: FAO (2007) Livelihood Zones

1 Tidirika 1 n !( Bayo !( Aoulaol Livelihood Zones * lex a !( omp Babangata Barkiré Agali are c ctors. !( Samandi Tomboasan !( oods of fa !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( Agropastoral Belt velih riety Baniébangou Li a va aps !( Fabidji !( by e m Sounga !( Banizoumbou Rambi aped d zon !( Oundougoumé !( !( Rainfed Millet Sorghum Belt sh lihoo eas Dyabou !( !( Banikoubey live ar !( !( Touhoré Kwassey ese aphic !( Tyangalgui Th ogr dly Bondyagouré Rossi Niger River Irrigated Rice ate ge e broa !( Kirtachi Zéno !( eline eopl !( d ich p od Sissan Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey Cropping / Herding with High Work Outmigration n wh eliho Nyamadé !( !( !( !( !( withi e liv Kirtachi !( !( Gorou Yéno sam ss to Bolé !( Nyarnyandé Nakifada the acce !( Bassi * Legend corresponds to left map are ing sh includ kets. terns d mar 2°30'E 3°E pat e, an , incom !. Town Road food Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km 16

Fakara 17 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: USAID (2011) Human Population Density

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

GuéssélbodiKokwaré Djerma !( ° ° !( !( !( Dantyandou 0 0 Baboussaye Paterga Yeni Tokoy 1 1 !( !( !( Koulou Kwara !( !( Korkodé !( !( Moussadey BENIN !( Tioudawa Mayaki !( Tombo !( Bangaria Zou Banizoumbo Boyénga Kollo !(Bogol !( !( !( !( !( Tibo Béri GHANA Koure !( Dounga Gougou !( Nyalé Kwara Bouloukoutou !( !( !( !( Hanandé !( TOGO Windé Keyna Niabéré Béla !( Hamka Paliadouga !( Garankadei !( Kobé Azia !( !( !( Harikanassou Kiota Dikoré !( !( Moko Damari Sékoukou Kwara Mayaki !( Magaridey !( !( !( !( !( !( Beika Dagari Kodo Tiaédé !( Guéssé Béri Diakindi !( !( !( !( !( Sandidey !( Douddo !( Babiadey !( Léné Banikadey Foumbia Kobodé!( Kofo !( Dare !( Niki Béri 0° !( !( Ténaré!( Fatasayé !( Numey Kaguru International boundary !( !( Dey Tégui Noma Dombossédey Margou Benné !( Scale 1:12,500,000 Lontia Beri !( !( Deygorou Tondifou Bossadji !( 0 125 250 500 Kilometers Say !( Guidel !( !( Dey Tégui Niondou !( !( Birni Ngaoure !( Debiel Tana Béri !( !( Toulouey !( !( Dosso Fogodji !( Lladé Bondiolo !( Corresponds to the map on the left N Kara N ° !( !( ° n 3 Tondi 3 latio 1 !( Tidirika 1 u !( Bayo Aoulaol 2 Pop d !( Number of persons per km an dde Babangata Barkiré Agali Hum he gri !( Samandi Tomboasan !( y is t er !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( < = 5 sit ns p Baniébangou Den rso !( Fabidji !( f pe Sounga !( Banizoumbou Rambi er o !( !( !( 5 - 25 umb Dyabou Oundougoumé Banikoubey n 2 05. !( !( Touhoré !( !( Kwassey in 20 !( Tyangalgui Bondyagouré Rossi 25 - 50 km !( Kirtachi Zéno !( Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey Nyamadé !( !( !( !( !( 50 - 250 Kirtachi !( !( Gorou Yéno Bolé !( Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada !( > 250 2°30'E 3°E !. Town Road Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km 16

Fakara 18 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: CIESIN (2005) Market Access

3 !( 3 ° Biligol Gardi ° 3 !( 3 Barkiavel !( Alfari 1 !( Bamey !( 1 Yélouna Fandoba Guileyni !( !( Gaweye !( !( !( Zouzou Béri Bangou Banda Boudéfandou Dériki N I G E R I A !( !( !( N N

1 Tidirika 1 !( Bayo !( Aoulaol sure !( mea Babangata Barkiré Agali Travel time to nearest large town/city (Hours) is a d !( !( time mine Bouraéso Samandi Tomboasan Fardiedi avel eter !( !( !( !( < = 5 Tr ity d Baniébangou Fabidji sibil en Sounga !( !( !( Banizoumbou Rambi cces ) tak !( !( !( of a ours Dyabou Oundougoumé e (h tre, !( !( !( !( Kwassey Banikoubey 5 - 10 tim cen Touhoré in the urban Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui Rossi arest tion !( !( 10 - 15 ne pula Kirtachi Zéno to the f a po Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey city o re !( !( !( !( !( or mo Kirtachi Nyamadé !( Gorou Yéno 15 - 20 own le or !( !( Nyarnyandé t eop f Bolé Bassi Nakifada 000 p ns o !( of 50, nt mea > =20 differe ount) 2°30'E 3°E king o acc (ta ion int !. Town ortat Road transp Settlement River River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km 16

Fakara 19 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: Nelson (2008) Poverty

1 Tidirika 1 !( Bayo !( Aoulaol Percentage of People living on less than 2 US$ per day bal !( glo Babangata Barkiré Agali ructed !( Samandi Tomboasan !( < = 10 onst hat !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( N c ty t Baniébangou ESI ver !( Fabidji !( CI f po of Sounga !( Banizoumbou Rambi ts o tes !( !( !( 10 - 20 se ima Dyabou Oundougoumé data est ity !( !( !( !( Kwassey Banikoubey d on rtal Touhoré base nt mo Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui Rossi 20 - 30 are l infa ata, !( !( ona n d Kirtachi Zéno bnati utritio Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey su maln re !( !( !( !( 30 - 40 ild th a Kirtachi Nyamadé !( !( d ch t bo !( !( Gorou Yéno an tha Bolé Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada nizing and !( 40 - 50 recog overty s for p 2°30'E 3°E roxie r than > = 50 p rathe !. Town Road fare wel sures. Settlement mea River direct River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km 16

Fakara 20 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: CIESIN (2005) Conservation Areas

1 Tidirika 1 !( Bayo !( Aoulaol Areas !( Conservation Areas tion eas Babangata Barkiré Agali serva ted ar !( Samandi Tomboasan !( Con rotec !( Bouraéso !( !( Fardiedi !( nt p CN, Baniébangou rese to IU ic !( Fabidji !( Forest Reserve rep ng raph Sounga !( Banizoumbou Rambi cordi eog !( !( !( t,ac ed g d Dyabou Oundougoumé tha defin icate !( !( !( !( Kwassey Banikoubey arly , ded Touhoré Classified Forest re cle nized al or Bondyagouré !( Tyangalgui Rossi a recog h leg !( !( ces, roug Kirtachi Zéno spa ed th to Sissan !( Koumbo Koy Dey Sinnguibossey anag ans, n !( !( !( !( !( d m me atio Kirtachi Nyamadé !( an ctive erv !( !( Gorou Yéno effe cons Bolé Bassi Nyarnyandé Nakifada ther term !( o long- iated hieve assoc ac with d 2°30'E 3°E ature ces an of n servi !. Town Road stem ecosy e. Settlement al valu River cultur River Bed Scale 1:1,000,000 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers

1 cm = 10 km 16

Fakara 21 CCAFS sampling frame Citation: UNEP-WCMC (2012). References and Data Sources assessment. Version 1, 2002. CD-ROM and User’s Manual. CIAT, AA6713, Cali, Colombia, 87 pp. Aridity Index Regional Map Trabucco, A., and Zomer, R.J. 2009. Global Aridity Index (Global-Aridity) and Global Potential Sijmons K. 2013a. Digital Satellite Image based on, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Evapo-Transpiration (Global-PET) Geospatial Database. CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information. Spectroradiometer ) NASA, 2009, Ground resolution : 1 Kilometer. GTOPO30, (DEM) Global Published online, available from the CGIAR-CSI GeoPortal at: http://www.csi.cgiar.org/ Digital Elevation Model U.S Geological Survey, Ground resolution: 1 Kilometer. Topographic Features derived from: Global GIS, U.S. Geological Survey and Google Earth. Projection: Altitude Geographic, Lat/Long, WGS84 Jarvis, A., H.I. Reuter, A. Nelson, E. Guevara, 2008, Hole-ﬁlled SRTM for the globe Version 4, available from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90m Database. Available at http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org Topographic Map Sijmons K. 2013b. Relief represenation derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of SRTM Soil Type (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) 2000, Ground resolution 90 meter and ASTER GDEM, FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC. 2009. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.1). FAO, Rome, Ground resolution 30 meter, NASA. Topographic Features digitized from Google Earth Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. Projection: Geographic, Lat/Long, WGS84 Agro-Ecological Zones Satellite Image Fischer, G., F. Nachtergaele, S. Prieler, H.T. van Velthuizen, L. Verelst, D. Wiberg, 2008. Global Agro- RapidEye Satellite Image, 5 meter ground resolution, ecological Zones Assessment for Agriculture (GAEZ 2008). IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria and FAO, Rome, Image acquisition, 17-01-2011 Italy

Annual Rainfall Landcover Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, 2005. Very high resolution Arino, O., Perez J. R., Kalgirou V., Defourny P., Achard F. 2009. GlobCover. Version 2.3 Global. interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: Accessed at http://ionia1.esrin.esa.int/ 1965-1978. Landuse Annual Rainfall Graph Natchtergaele F., Petri M., 2010. Mapping Land Use at global and Regional Scales for Land Degrada- Jones P G, Thornton P K, Diaz W and Wilkens P W. 2002. tion Assessment Analysis (LADA).Version 1.1. MarkSim, a computer tool that generates simulated weather data for crop modeling and risk LADA Project FAO/UNEP GEF/. assessment. Version 1, 2002. CD-ROM and Users Manual. CIAT, AA6713, Cali, Colombia, 87 http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/metadata.show?id=37139&currTab=simple pp. Length of Growing Period 2000 Annual Temperature Thornton P K, Jones P G, Owiyo T, Kruska R L, Herrero M, Kristjanson P, Notenbaert A, Bekele N and Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis, 2005. Very high resolution Omolo A, with contributions from Orindi V, Adwerah A, Otiende B, Bhadwal S, Anantram K, Nair S interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: and Kumar V. 2006. Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Report to the Department 1965-1978. for International Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, 200 p.

Annual Temperature Graph Length of Growing Period 2030 Jones P G, Thornton P K, Diaz W and Wilkens P W. 2002. Thornton P K, Jones P G, Owiyo T, Kruska R L, Herrero M, Kristjanson P, Notenbaert A, Bekele N and MarkSim, a computer tool that generates simulated weather data for crop modeling and risk Omolo and Kumar V. 2006. Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa. Report to the

22 Department for International Development, International Livestock Research Institute, Conservation Areas Nairobi, Kenya, 200 p. UNEP-WCMC (2012). Data Standards for the World Database on Protected Areas. UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK. Crop Suitability FAO-IIASA 2007. Mapping biophysical factors that inﬂuence agricultural production and rural vulnerability. Food and Agriculture Organization and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Rome 2007.

Livestock Production Systems FAO. 2007. Gridded livestock of the world 2007, by G.R.W. Wint and T.P. Robinson.Rome, pp 131.

Livestock Density Wint W, Robinson T, 2007. Gridded Livestock of the World. FAO, 131 pp.

Livelihood Zones Livelihood Zone Products. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET). Accessed at http://www.fews.net/pages/livelihoods.aspx?loc=6&l=en.

Human Population Density Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)/Columbia University, and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT, 2005. Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3): Population Density Grid, Future Estimates, Edition: 3.0. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC. Online_Linkage: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v3-population-density-future-estimates

Market Access Nelson, A. (2008) Estimated travel time to the nearest city of 50,000 or more people in year 2000. Global Environment Monitoring Unit - Joint Research Centre of the European Commis- sion, Ispra Italy. Available at http://www-tem.jrc.it/accessibility (accessed 06/03/2004)

Poverty Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, 2005. Small Area Estimates of Poverty and Inequality (SAEPI) database. Palisades, NY: CIESIN, Columbia University. Available at http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/povmap. ( Version 1.0) Available at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/theme/poverty

23 June 2013

The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) brings together the world’s best researchers in agricultural science, development research, climate science and Earth System science, to identify and address the most important interactions, synergies and tradeoffs between climate change, agriculture and food security. CCAFS is a strategic partnership of CGIAR and Future Earth, led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).

For more information, visit www.ccafs.cgiar.org and www.geomapa.nl

Stevie Mann/ILRI