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Home , Adonijah, Gershom ben Judah, Simeon ben Zemah Duran, Star 266, Union of Jewish Students, World Jewish Relief

INDEX COMPILED BY THE AUTHOR

'a simple Jew' (Abraham): 14 Abraham, Esther: transported to Aaron (Moses' brother): 22-3, 26, 27, 28; Australia, 158 appointed High Priest, 29; dies, 30; an : warns against echo of the rebellion of, 49; a special gematria, 324 guest, 286 'Abraham's doors': 14 Aaron ha-Kohen, : finds refuge, 125 Abram:Abraham's original name, 9, II Aaron's rod: 22-3 Abram, Morris: fights for human rights, Abel: and his brother Cain, 6-7 267 Aberdam, Mateusz: murdered, 215 Abramofsky, Bernard: entertains troops, Abiathar (High Priest): 42 209 Abihu (Aaron's son): 29 Absalom: raises standard of revolt, 41 Abijah: becomes king, 48-9 Abu Rudeis (Sinai): 25 Abolition of Death Penalty Bill (1960): Abu Zaid (a Muslim writer): reports on and a former conscientious objector, of China, 136 264 Abulafia, Rabbi Abraham: 'false Abrabanel, Isaac: flees from , 132 permutations' of, 324-5 Abraham: xvii, 8, <)-12; and Isaac, 13; and Acre (Ptolomais): 86; in, Jacob, 16; and Hebron, 30; and the 127; Napoleon defeated at, 163; battle Promised Land, 32; and King , for, 248 40; and Islam, 114; and the Jews of Aczel, Tamas: flees (1956),233 China, 138; George Washington offers Adam: xvii, 4-6, 7, 8,14; Martin Luther 'goodwill'to descendants of, 174; and refers to, 153; and the 'tree of the Jewish New Year liturgy, 274-5; a knowledge', 341; and a Sabbath special guest, 286; and Haman's 'ears', superstition, 357 313; and his servant Eliezer, 323; and 'Adam's Channukah Ale': a Website for, circumcision, 331 300

393 394 Index

Aden: anti-Jewish violence in, 247,255 Akiva, Rabbi: I00-I;and a Passover Adler, Elkan N.: reports on the Jews of prayer, 295; and circumcision, 331 India, 141-2 Al-Hakim, Caliph: anti-Jewish measures Adonijah (David's son): challenged, 42; of, II7 killed, 42; and the Jews of China, 139 Alaska:Jews of, 358-63, 375;Auntie Adoram: a tax gatherer, 47 Fori's visit to, 375-6 Adrianople (Turkey):Joseph Caro Albania: a false Messiah banished to, 156; teaches in, 319 immigrants to Israel from, 268 Aelia Capitolina: renamed, IOO Albright, Madeleine: becomes Secretary Afghanistan: xiv, xvi, 237; and Palestine, of State, 266 246 Aleppo:Jewish emissaries in, II7;Jews : 44, 48 from, in Jerusalem, 132;Jews attacked African National Congress:Jewish in, 247 participation in, 259 Alexander: a name favoured by Jews, 75 Agag, King: captured, 37 AlexanderI,Tsar: gives rights to Jews, Aggadah ('narration'): a part of 166 rabbinical literature, 317 Alexander II, Tsar: and the Jews, 167; Agnon, S.].: wins Nobel Prize, 260 aftermath of the assassination of, Agranovsky, Luba: visits Alaska, 362 170 Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius: Herod Alexander III, Tsar: and the Jews, 167 supports, 87 Alexander, M.: supports Gandhi,239 Agrippa I, King (Herod's grandson): Alexander Severus, Emperor: and a rules Judaea, 95-6 'golden age', I07-8 (forsaken): and divorce, 334 Alexander the Great: and Jerusalem, 75; Ahab: his dynastic , 52; his rule, and Greek culture, 75; a fortress of, 52-6; his death, 56 identified,237 Ahad Ha-am (Asher Ginsberg): 191-2; AlexanderYannai: his rule, 83-4; a novel wants a 'spiritual centre', at the first based on the life of, 85 Zionist Congress, 197; and the Alexandria (Egypt): a Jewish thinker in, Sabbath,358 15;Jews settle in, 7I;Jews from, in Ahasuerus, King (of Persia): and Purim, Majorca, I25;Jews welcomed in, 132; 3II recruits from, 203;Jews attacked in, Ahaz, King: allies with Assyria, 58 247, 254;Jews of (since 1979),256 Ahaziah, King ofJudah: the fate of his :Jews of, I26;Jews welcomed in, family, 57 132;Jews emigrated to Palestine from, Ahmed Pasha: and a special Purim, 314 181 Ahmedabad (India): 145; Gandhi's aliyah ('going up'): and Hillel, 90; and Ashram at, and a 'favourite wooden the Reading of the Law, 306 pillow' , 240 Alkalai, Rabbi Judah: and Jewish Akaba, Gulf of 44 'national' unity, 185 Index 395

All-India Handicrafts Board: Auntie Fori Amon, King: and idol-worship, 66 a founder of, 370 Amorites: seek to bar the way, 33 All-India Women's Conference: a Jewish Amos, the Prophet: 'Shall a trumpet be President of, 143 blown ... ?', 275 Allenby, General: attacks Turks in Amram Gaon: and the liturgy, 338 Palestine, 198 Amram, Rav: produces prayer book, II5 Alliance Israelite Universelle: founded, Amsterdam: and the Jewish 181; a founder of, promotes early Enlightenment, 164; a Jew from, in Zionism, 184 Brazil, 173; a Hagaddah from, 296 Almohades: massacre Jews, 120 Anatolia: xiii Alsace-Lorraine: and the Jewish Anchorage (Alaska):Jews of, 358--9, 360, Enlightenment, 162 375; a Jewish communal service in, aluf (prince): a modern general, II6 361;Jewish life in, 362; declines to take Alzheimer's disease: and a Nobel Prize, in Jewish refugees, 363 266; research on, 362 Anchorage Daily Times: aJewish President AmYisrael (the People ofIsrael, the of,358 Jews): 289 Angel of Death: and Passover, 23, 295 Amalekites: attack Israelites, 26; attacked, Angel of the Lord: and Ishmael, I I 37; Haman a descendent of, 313 'Anglo-Baltic' kibbutz: in Palestine, 225 American Civil War: Jews in, 177 Anielewicz, Mordechai: a kibbutz AmericanJewess: its editor in Basle, 197 named after, 226 American Labour Zionist Organisation: Anne (a HungarianJewish girl): marries helps found a kibbutz, 225 an Indian, 370 American War ofIndependence:Jews Anti-Defamation League (New York): fight in, 174 challenges Holocaust denial, 268--9 American Zionist Emergency Council: Anti-Semitism: a nineteenth-century and the Jewish 'international spirit', phenomenon, 170, 177, 193,231; in 245 the twentieth century, 219-20, 233; Amidah prayer: and the and Islam, 254; combatted, 268--9 service, 98; Rabh's prayer a part of, Antigonus Mattathias: raises flag of 274; the blessings and prayers of, revolt, 85 305-6; 'keep my tongue from evil', Antiochus III, King: conquers Judaea, 75; 328 his benign rule, 75 Ammonites: seek to bar the way, 33; Antiochus IV, King: challenges Rome, David fights, 41; their gods 79; seeks to suppress , 79-80, worshipped, 45; an Israelite King's 81;and the Jews ofIndia, 142 mother from, 46; win independence, Antipater (Herod's father): abolishes Has­ 48; overrun, 68 monean monarchy, 84; rewarded, 86 Amnesty International: inspired by a Antipater (Herod's son): plots against his Jew, 257, 258 father, 89 Index

Antipater family: convert to Judaism, 82 Arafat,Yasser: wins Nobel Prize, 261 Antiquities Museum (Delhi): an Aragon (Spain):Jews invited to settle in, explorer's discoveries in, 237 119 Antonia Fortress (Jerusalem): built by Aragon, Kings of and the Jews of Herod, 88 Majorca, 124-5, 126 Antwerp: a Jewish defender of (1914), Aram, Kingdom of independent, 48; 200 seizes territory, 57 apartheid: South African Jews active in Aramaic (language): 29,65,104,122; and opposition to, 259, 260; a British the memorial prayer for the dead, 307; opponent of, 268 and the , 3I 8 apes and peacocks: brought from afar, 44 Aras River: and the Garden of Eden, xiii Appelbaum, Samuel: in Alaska, 360 Arch ofTitus (Rome): 96, 341 apple and honey: on the Jewish New Archipova Street Synagogue (Moscow): Year, 276 Jews gather outside, 289 Arab Higher Committee: rejects a 'mini' Areka, Rabbi Abba (The Rabh): prayers Jewish State, 245 and sayings of, 274, 278 Arab-Israel conflict: II, 14, 193-4 Argentina: and the Jews of Russia, 168 Arab-Israel Conflict, The: Its History in 'Arise, walk through the land ... ': 10 Maps (Martin Gilbert), 251 Aristobulus (Hasmonean heir): drowned, Arab League: and Palestine, 243 86 Arab Legion: and Jerusalem, 134 Aristobulus (Hyrcanus II's brother): Arab State: proposed by the United driven out, 84 Nations, in Palestine (1947), 245 Aristobulus (John Hyrcanus' son): Arabia: and Ishmael, II; and Abraham, declares himself King, 83 14; trades with, 44, 48; an Aristobulus II: invades Galilee, 86 attack from, 51 Arizona (USA):Jews in, 179 Arabic language: 113; and the Bible, 116; Ark, the: the Ten Commandments kept and Jewish poetry, 118; and in, 27, 29 Maimonides, 128;Jewish traders : travels with the speak, 135; and a Jewish prayer book, Israelites, 29, 30, 33; kept by the 338 Philistines, 36; brought to Jerusalem, Arabs: and God's present to Adam, 7; and 40; in Solomon's Temple, 44 Ishmael, I I, 14; and Mohammed, 112; Armageddon: see index entry Megiddo and the Jews ofJerusalem, 157; on Armenian Massacres: and a Jewish Jerba Island, 180; protest at continued novelist, 237; and a Jewish law student, Jewish immigration to Palestine, 190; 257 and Gandhi, 240, 241; and the Artaxerxes I, King of Persia: rules Judaea, emergence of the State ofIsrael, 73 241-9,250,251,254 'Aryan race': a biological fiction, 207 Arad,Yael: wins an Olympic silver 'As for man, his days are as grass ... ': 334 medal, for Israel, 263 Asa: his rule, 49-50 Index 397

Ashdod: captured, 36;Jews forced to live Athaliah: her dynastic marriage, 50 in,97 Athens: xiv; the Chief Rabbi of,joins Ashenheim, Sir Neville: a distinguished partisans, 221; the first modern Jamaican, 265 Olympics, held in, 233,261 Asher: one ofJacob's son, 17 Atlantic Ocean: Islam reaches, 114;Jews Asherah (a pagan goddess): worshipped cross, from Spain to the Americas, 132, by Jezebel, 52; challenged by Elijah, 54 172;Jews cross, from Russia to Ashkelon: 35; 'Tell it not in .. .', 38;joins America, 170; German rule extends revolt against Assyria, 64; a synagogue to, 213;Jews fight on, 222 in, III atom bomb: the Jewish contribution AshkenaziJews: 115, 122-3, 157; and the towards, 223, 258 Kol Nidrei prayer, 278; and the Neilah Attlee, Clement: and Palestine, 242 service, 281; and the fast of the Ninth Augsburg (Bavaria): a Hagaddah from, ofAv, 291; and a Chief Rabbi, in 296 Israel, 309; and a late medieval code of Augustus, Emperor: see index entry practice, 319; and gematria, 324; and Octavian the Sabbath, 349; and a printed prayer Auschwitz:Jews murdered at, 145,207, book,338 214,217,229,232,235,263; revolt at, Ashtoreth (a pagan goddess): worshipped 218-9; a survivor of, wins Nobel by Solomon's wives, 45 Prize, 260-1; a survivor of, becomes Ashtory Ha-Pari: a Jewish geographer, President of European Parliament, 133 263; remembrance of, and the future, Minor: and the Diaspora, 88, 93; 267; a survivor of, seeks inter-faith Jews in, converted to Christianity, 93, reconciliation, 269; fasting in, on the 94; Paul preaches in in, Day ofAtonement, 277 30 4 Australia: and the Jews of India, 143; the Asmal, Professor Kadar: praises 'battling first Jewish settlers in, 157-8; troops ', 259 of, in Palestine, 198; a Jewish general Assad, President (of Syria): and the Sea from, 200; First World War dead of, of Galilee, 50 201-2; a Victoria Cross winner from, Assam: xv 202; recruits from, 203; and the Asshurbanipal, King ofAssyria: Hezekiah Second World War, 224; and the joins, 65; his death, 67 emergence ofIsrael, 246; and a Jewish assimilation: and the Sabbath, 354; and Governor-General, 264;Auntie Fori's Jewish demography, 363 Aunt Carlotta emigrates to, 368;Aunti Associated Press: Simone Weil's Fori's brother Joseph emigrates to, 369 statement to ('As aJew'), 263-4 : annexed by (1938), Assyria: xiii, a chronicle of, 52; attacks 208;Jews from, fight in Spain, 210; Jewish kingdoms, 55-8,60; rules, 61; refugees from, in Finland, 220; rebellion against, 63-4; attacks Egypt, devastation in, 222; Hungarian 65; declines, 67; gematria in, 324 revolution against, 230 Index

Austro-Hungarian Empire: xvi;Jews of, Baghdad: a sage from, 5;Jewish religious in the FirstWorldWar, 199,200,201, academies near, II5; Sassoon in, 204; 231; a historian from, 227; an an accusation in, 255; a Jewish American Congressman from, 358; general's family from, 372 Auntie Fori's uncle Armin fights for, Baghdadi Jews: in India, 143, 145 368 Baha'is: and the Inter-Faith Network (in Avignon:Jews in, 120 Britain), 269 Azulai, Rabbi: lists women teachers, 308 Bahrain: and Palestine, 244 Azzam Pasha: opposes partition of Bakshi Doron, Chief Rabbi Eliyahu: Palestine, 243 receives Pope John Paul II, 309; seeks Papal intercession, 339 Baal: a temple to, 52-3; and Ahab, 54; a Bakst, Leon (Lev Rosenberg): his temple to, destroyed, 57; renewed theatrical designs, 199 worship of, 66 Balaam (a heathen prophet): a 'a Star out Ba'al Shem Tov (the Besht): and ofJacob' ,29 Hasidim, 158; an opponent of, 160; his Balaban, Meir: his historical writings, town, 314 and fate, 227 Baasha: seizes the throne, 49; his rule, 51 Baladan, King of Babylonia: sends gifts, Babi Yar (Kiev): massacre at, 63 commemorated, 253-4 Balaton, Lake (Hungary): a house on, Babylon:Jewish exiles in, 67;Jewish 368 prisoners in, 68;Jerusalemites taken :Jews of, 124-6 captive to, 69-70; captives 'by the Balfour,A.J.: and the Jewish National rivers of', 70-I; conquered, 73; exiles Home, 204; a forest in honour of, 293 in, return to Judaea, 73; Hillel born in, Balfour Declaration (1917): 189, 198, 90;Jews in, 97; a sage from, and the 203-4,254 Amidah prayer, 305 Balkans: xiii, Christian pilgrims from, Babylonia: 63, 64; rises to prominence, IIo;Jews persecuted in, 146;Jews find 67-8;Jewish religious flourishing in, refuge in, 154 109-10; under Muslim rule, 115; the Ballets Russes: a theatrical designer of, first synagogues created in, 304 199 Babylonian academies: flourish, 109-10, Balogh, Thomas: an economic adviser, 115; decline, 117-8; a teacher from, and 264 the Festival prayers, 274 Baltimore (Maryland): an anti-slavery Babylonian Talmud: 109-10, 121, 122,318 rabbi in, 177 Babylonians: 9, 42, 63; and the fast of the Bambi: his creator, 236 Ninth ofAv, 290; and gematria, 324 Bangladesh: a Jewish general takes a Bacall, Lauren (Betty Joan Perske): stars, surrender in, 372 224-5 Bangladesh-Magalaya border: Auntie Bacher,Aron: opposes apartheid, 259 Fori helps refugees on, 371 Bad Nauheim spa: and the Jews, 363 Banias: Herod rules, 87 Index 399

Banshu (a Chinese rebel): massacres Bat Mitzvah: and the mitzvot, 327; a Jews, 136 recent custom, 332 Bar Ban University (Israel): and : David falls in love with, 41; a Responsa literature, 319 second child of, 42 Bar Kochba, Simon: leads revolt against Battle of Britain (1940): and a Palestinian Rome, 99; hailed as the Messiah, 101; Jewish pilot, 221 aftermath of the revolt of, 101, 103; Battle of Crysler's Farm (1813): a Jewish and an eighteenth-century Jewish officer in, 174 military force, 166; and the emergence Battle of Guadalajara (1937):Jewish ofIsrael, 248; and the fast of the Ninth volunteers at, 210 ofAv,290 Battle ofJar am a (1937):Jews fight in, 210 Bar Mitzvah: and a table tennis Battle ofWaterloo (18IS): a veteran of, champion, 235; and a future Secretary urges Jewish colonies in Palestine, 182 of State, 266; and the festival of Bavaria: a Jew from, in New Orleans, 176 SimhatTorah, 288; and the mitzvot, Bayazid II, Ottoman Sultan: welcomes 327; and a 'minyan man', 330; the Jews, 132 ceremony of, 331-2 Bayles, Isadore: in Alaska, 358-9; his Bar Sauma: destroys synagogues, I II father's death, 360 Barak: an Israelite general, 34 Bayless, Rabbi Afroim Hessel: in Barak,Aharon: ChiefJustice, 34 Jerusalem, 360 Barak, Ehud: Prime Minister, 34; BBC: a broadcaster with, 236 peacemaker, 251-2 'Be fruitful and multiply': 3, 327 Baram: a synagogue at, 107 'Be strong and of good courage ... ': 228 :Jews of, 116; a disputation in, Beastie Boys: and human rights, 268 131; a from, 296 Begin, Menachem: wins Nobel Prize, Barna,Victor: a table tennis champion, 261 235 Beirut: Crusaders massacre Jews in, 129; Barnett, Zerah: and Jewish settlement in attacks onJews in (1947), 247 Palestine, 188 BeitJalla (Palestine): a United Nations Baron, Salo Wittmayer: his achievements plan for (1947), 245 as a historian, 227-8 : see index entry Byelorussia Barsky, Dr Edward: volunteers for Spain, Belgium: Jews of, in the First World War, 211 199,200,201; German Jews find Baruch the Scribe: 68; in exile, 71 refuge in, 207;Jewish volunteers from, Barzilai, Chief Rabbi Elias:joins fight in Spain, 21O;Jews of, and the partisans, 22 I Second World War, 212, 220; Basch,Victor: and human rights, 257, 258 'Righteous Gentiles' in, 219 Basevi, Maria: Disraeli's mother, 169 Belgrade: a pioneer Zionist born near, Basle (Switzerland): first Zionist 185 Congress in, 194, 197-8 Belzec: a site of mass murder, 214; a Basra (): aJew hanged in, 255 deportation to, 215-6 40 0 Index

Ben-Gurion, David: leaves Russian Bernard von Briedenbach: a Christian , 171; recruits, 203; and the pilgrim, 134 emergence ofIsrael, 248, 249-50 Bernheim, Louis: commands Belgian Ben-Hadad, King of Damascus: 49-50,56 troops, 200 Ben-Yehuda, Ehud: continues his father's Bernstein, Leonard: his conducting work, 191 debut, 224 Ben Yehuda, Eliezer (Eliezer Yitzhak Bertinoro (): aJew from, settles in Perlman): and the , Jerusalem, 134 190-1 Bessarabia: within 'The Pale', 166 Benallell, Solomon: on Majorca, 126 Bet Alfa, Kibbutz: a mosaic at, 105-6 Benares (India): xv Bet Din (House of Law): 103,309 Bender, Edward: volunteers for Spain, Bet Guvrin:Jews live in, 107 209 Bet Midrash (House of Learning): 309 Bene Israel: Indian Jews, 141, 142-3, 145 Bet Shearim: a religious Academy at, Benedicks (Wallenberg's ancestor): 103;Judah ha-Nasi buried at, 104 converts to Christianity, 205, 232 : Bar Kochba defends, 99-100; and Benjamin (Jacob's son): 16, 17, 19; the the fast of the Ninth ofAv, 290 tribe of, 24, 36, 37; Saul Oater Paul) a Beth Israel Hospital (New York): a member of, 93; Esther a member of, volunteer from, in Spain, 211 311 Beth Saida (Galilee):Jews of, 134 Benjamin,Joshua M.: a prominent Beth-shan: a gruesome scene at, 38 IndianJewish architect, 143-4 Bethel: 10, 49 Benjamin,Judah B.: accused of treason, Bethlehem: and Rachel's Tomb, 16; and 177 King David, 38; and Jesus, 91; and the Benjamin ofTiberi as: welcomes United Nations, 245 Byzantine Emperor, 112 Bettelheim family: ennobled, 367 Berbers: conquer southern Spain, 119 Bevin, Ernest: and Palestine, 242, 243, Beregszasz: a deportation to Auschwitz 244 from, 145 Bevis Marks Synagogue (): and Bergen-Belsen: concentration camp, Disraeli, 169 222; aJew liberated in, settles in Bezalel Academy (Jerusalem): artistic Alaska, 361 creativity at, 340 Bering,Vitus:Jews accompany, 359 Bible, the: quoted, xiii; and Cain and Berle, Milton:' Mr. Television', 266 Abel, 6, 7; and Noah's descendents, 8; Berlin: a premiere in, 84;Jews expelled and Abraham, 10; and Isaac, 13; and from, 152; a Gestapo visitor from, 213; Joseph, 17, 18; and the Exodus, 24, 28; Simon Dubnow in, 226; a Jewish and the death of Sis era, 34; and the cemetery in, 227; a refugee from, in Israelites, 35; and King David, 41; and India, 240; 'Jewish Science' in, 345-6 Solomon, 42-3, 46, 62; and Berlin Olympics (1936): a Canadian Rehoboam, 47; and the Hebrew boxer agrees not to go to, 262 kings, 50, 52; and Elijah, 53; and Isaiah, Index 401

62-3; and Menasseh, 65; and Ezra, 66, 'Black Years': for Jews in Soviet Union, 73; and the Biblical exiles, 70; and 25 2 'strange wives', 73; translated into Blair, Tony: and the 'precious boon' of Greek, 75; and the Book of Daniel, rest, 355 92; and the Diaspora, 102; and the Blank,Asher: converts, 168 Babylonian academies, II6; and , Blomberg, Ron: the baseball 'Messiah', 122; and the Jewish Enlightenment, 262 161; and Zionism, 250; and medical Blood Libel: on Majorca, 125, 126; in ethics, 265; and the festival ofShavuot, Russia, 166; in Damascus, 180; in 283; a festival not mentioned in, 292; Hungary, 230; at Easter, 297 and ecology, 293; a story in, emulated, Bloom, Robert: in Alaska, 360 299; and the synagogue, 304; compares Blum, Leon: a kibbutz named after, 225 the celebration of the New Moon B'nai B'rith (USA): founded, 176; with the Sabbath, 310; explanations of, charitable, 178 317; and forbidden foods, 321-2; and Bnei Brak: religious academy at, 100 mourning, 335; and the menorah Boaz: marries Ruth, 284 (candelabrum), 340; and the mikveh Bohemia: a Christian pilgrim from, 133; (ritual bath), 343; and the Sabbath, expulsion ofJews from, praised, 153; 348,352,353 Jews find refuge in, 154, 156 Biblical criticism: 73, 316 BoleslawV; King (of Kalisz): protects Biblical Hebrew: in the Diaspora, 102; in Jews, 150; his charter renewed, 150-1 Palestine, 104; and Arabic, II3; in Bolsheviks: in Russia, 165,203,204,210, Germany, 121; a revival of, 163 226 Bielski brothers: lead a partisan group, 218 Bolshoi Ballet: its prima ballerina, 253, Bihar (India): a Jewish official in, 145 37 1 Bijju, Uncle: see index entry Nehru, Braj Bombay: xiv; a Chinese Jew reaches, 140; Kumar Jews living south of, I4I;Jews of, 143, Bilhah (Isaac's concubine): 16, 17 145,204; and the 'heavenly Jerusalem', Bilu (pioneers): emigrate to Palestine, 357 187, 188 Bonaparte,Jerome: grants Jews Binding ofIsaac, the: 13 emancipation, 163 Birkenau: see index entry Auschwitz Bonaparte, Napoleon: see index entry Bismarck, Prince: and Disraeli, 169 Napoleon Black Death: anti-Jewish riots follow, Book of Life, the: and the Jewish New 124;Jews protected during, 125-6; and Year, 273, 276 the Jews of Poland, 150 Bordeaux:Jews in, 109 'black holes': a pioneer of, 200 Boris, King (of Bulgaria): rejects 'Black Jews' (ofIndia): 141-2, 143 German demands, 220 Black Sea: Herod's naval expedition into, Bosnia: help for, 268 87;Jews live on shore of, 108, 109, 146; Brandeis,Judge Louis: settles a strike, 178 Jews sail through, to Palestine, 186-7 Bratislava: and Rabbi Moses Sofer, 316 402 Index

Brazil:jews of, I72-3; a Jewish Foreign Sabbath meal, 350; a Jewish refugee in, Minister of, 265 makes his way to Alaska, 36I Breger, Marshall: a human rights activist, British Commonwealth:Jews fight in 267 forces of, I99, 202; prominent Jews in, Bremen:Jews of, emancipated, I63 264 Breslau (Si1esia): the German Reform British Empire: and the , movement in, 346 I35; and the Jews ofIndia, I4I; and 'Bridegroom of Genesis': 288-9 Disraeli, I69 'Bridegroom of the ': 288 BritishJewry Book of Honour (I922): lists Britain: xiv, xvi, xvii, 37; and St George, First World War dead, 203 82; and the Jews ofIndia, I43 ;Jews British Labour Party: and Palestine, reach, from the Russian Empire, I46, 24I- 2 I7I;and the Jewish National Home, British Library (London): the Barcelona I46;Jews from, transported to Austra­ Hagaddah in, 296 lia, I57-8; a Jewish Cabinet Minister British Museum (London): and the in, I68; a Jewish-born Prime Minister capture of Lachish, 64 of, I68-9; the first Jewish Lord in, I69; British West Indies:Jews from, in First and the Jews of New York, I74;'secret' World War, 202 Jews make their way to, I80; Lovers of Bromberg, Ben: in Alaska, 360 Zion from, I88;'will have mercy upon Brown, Herbert: his Nobel Prize, 260 us', I89; and 'the Jewish cause', I92; Brown, Michael: his Nobel Prize, 260 and the first Zionist Congress, I97; Buber, Martin: challenges Gandhi, 24I and Palestine, I98-9, 203-4, 375;Jews Bucharest: Soviet troops reach, 242 of, in the FirstWorldWar, I99,200, Buchenwald concentration camp: a 20I, 203;Jewish converts to future Chief Rabbi liberated in, Christianity in, 205; takes in Jewish 309 children, 208-9; the fate of its Jews, Buczacz (Eastern Galicia): a Nobel Prize discussed in Berlin, 2I3; teenage winner born in, 260 reach, 2I9;Jews Budapest: xvi, 30, I05; and the Jewish from, in the Second World War, 222; Enlightenment, I64; the numerus two HungarianJews in, 236; and the clausus in, I70; aJew from, pioneers emergence of the State ofIsrael, helicopter flights, 200; Wallenberg in, 24I-9; a refugee in, wins Nobel Prize, 205, 235;Arthur Koestler born in, 209; 260; a refugee in, becomes Chief a Jewish heroine born in, 223; in the Rabbi, 265; the daughter of refugees Second World War, 229, 369; known as to, becomes America's Secretary of ']udapest', 23I ;Jews in, today, 232-3; State, 266; an Inter-Faith Network in, Swiss-protected houses in (I944-5), 269; and a medieval massacre, 277; and 234; and a table tennis champion, 235; the expulsion of the Jews (I290),290; and a human rights advocate, 257; a Holocaust Day in (since 2000),303; 'Righteous Gentiles' of, 303; ReformJudaism in, 346; and the synagogues in, 304; a mikveh in, 344; Index 403

and the Sabbath, 357;Auntie Fori Caligula, Emperor: Jews riot against, 95; returns to, 370-1 orders punishment, 96 Budapest Parliament: 230 Callan, Hugh: and the future of Buddhists: and the Inter-Faith Network Jerusalem, 190 (in Britain), 269; Auntie Fori Camp David (Maryland): Middle East establishes schools for (in India), 371 peacemaking efforts at, 251 Buenos Aires (Argentina): recruits from, Canaan: in the Fertile Crescent, 9; 203 Abraham reaches, IO;Jacob lives in, Bukhara (Central Asia):Jews from, in 16, 19; famine in, 19; and God's Jerusalem, 181 promise, 3I; conquered, 33; and Bulgaria: 94;Jews of, in First World War, Jerusalem, 40; and the tribe of Dan, 49 199,201; rejects German demands, Canaanites: bar the way, 33 220; and Jewish migrations, 242 Canada: and the Jews ofIndia, 143; and Burial rites: 334-7 the Jews of Russia, 168;Jews from, in Burma: 145 the First World War, 202;Jews from, in burning bush: and Moses, 22 the Second World War, 22 I; and the Busch, Dr Irving: his work in Spain, 211 emergence ofIsrael, 246; a Jewish box­ Byculla suburb (Bombay): a rabbi in, 143 ing champion in, 262; prominent Jews Byelorussia (White Russia, Belarus): 160; in, 264; and Bar Mitzvah journeys, 332 expulsion ofJews from villages in, Canadian : and a 'voice of 166; the fate of a Jewish doctor in, pain' , 293; and Purim, 314 216;Jewish partisans in, 218 Canberra (Australia): and David's Byzantine Empire: 16; persecution in, Jerusalem, 40 110, 146; and the struggle for Canton: and the Jews of China, 140 Palestine, 111-2; and the Jews of Cantonist System: and Jewish conscript Majorca, 124; Muslims liberate Jews soldiers, 166, 167 of, 132 Canute, King: and distant fanatics, 120 Capa, Robert (Andrasz Friedmann): his Cadiz:Jews in, 108 career as a photographer, 235-6 Caesarea: built by Herod, 88; a Roman Capernaum: a synagogue at, 107; and soldier in, 94; Roman Legions in, 103; Christianity, 110 Jews welcome Muslims in, 117 Carchemish: battle at,68 Caiaphas, High Priest: and Jesus, 92 Caribbean:Jews reach, from Spain, 132; Cain: and Abel, 6-7 Jewish traders in, 174 Cairo: aJewish religious academy in, Caro,Joseph: his 'set table' code of 118; Maimonides in, 127; a recruit practice, 319; his life and work, 320-1 from, 203;Jews attacked in, 247, 254, Carr,Judy Feld: and the Jews of Syria, 255;Jews of (since 1979); a special 254 Purim in, 314 Carter, President Jimmy: and the Israeli­ Cairo Genizah: documents in, 148 Egyptian peace treaty, 251; and a Calcutta:Jews of, 144, 372 White House hanukiyah, 298-9 Index

Casablanca (Morocco): and a Muslim­ Chelm: a rabbi in, 153-4 Jewish vision, 256 Chelmno: a site of mass murder, 213, 214 Casimir IV, King (of Poland): protects Chemosh (a pagan god): 45 Jews, 151 Chicago (Illinois): a Jew farms near, 175; Casimir Jagello, King: grants a Jew a salt a strike leader in, 199; an anti­ mine, 150 segregationist rabbi from, 259; a Caspian Sea: 74;Jews live near, 146, 147, Congressman from, 358 148; German army almost reaches, 214 Chicago Cardinals: a star of, 262 Cassin, Rene: fights in First World War, Chicago Tribune: and Luis Kutner, 258 199; wins Nobel Prize, 260 Chief Rabbi: the office of, 308-<) Castile (Spain):Jews protected in, II9; child sacrifce: condemned, 13 the Zohar written in, 319 Children ofIsrael:' choose life', xvii; Castro, Isaac de: burnt at the stake, 173 'fruitful', 20; led out of Egypt, 23-5; Cathedral ofSt Pierre (Geneva): and the 'chosen', 26; reach the Jordan, 29; fight 'Maccabean Martyrs', 80 the Midianites, 3 I; Moses's last words Catherine the Great:Jews fight for, 165-6 to, 31-2; and the First Temple, 44; and Caucasus mountains:Jews in, ro8, ro9; a Sukkot, 285, 286; and Passover, 295; Jewish governor of, II9 and the Five Books of Moses, 315; and Cavalry:Jews serve in (1914-18),202 the Sabbath, 349, 352 Cave of Machpelah (Hebron): Abraham Chill, Rabbi Abraham: his reflections on buried at, 14 the mitzvot, 327-8 Central Asia:Jews reach China through, China:Jews of, 135-40; a Jewish 135; an intrepid explorer in, 237 photographer in, 235; a Jewish Central Conference ofAmerican explorer in, 237; and Tibet, 268; Rabbis: and the Torah, 316; its Ethics photographs of, 361 and Appeals Committee, 362 Chinese restaurants: kosher, in Israel, 322 Central Powers:Jews fight for (1914-18), Chmielnicki, Bogdan: attacks Jews, 199 154-5,156; his victims remembered, Chai Adam ('The Life of Man'): and 281; an escape from, celebrated, 314 Purim, 315 Choate, Nurse, xiv, xv Chain, Ernst: wins Nobel Prize, 260 cholent: a Sabbath dish, 355-6 charity: a mitzvah (good deeds), 327 cholera: an accusation concerning, 255 Charlemagne:Jewish doctors at the cholesterol: and aJewish Nobel Prize court of, 123; his successors facilitate winner, 260 Jewish trade, 135; tolerance of, 'choose life ... ': xvii, 219 followed by intolerance, 149 'chosen people': 26-7, 67, ro3; and Chatteljee, Margaret: writes about Passover, 296; God's promises to, 365 Gandhi's Jewish friends, 238 Christ: see index entry Jesus Chechnya (Russia):Jews leave,for Israel, 'Christ killers':Jews accused of being, 268 94, 117, 121, 141 Index 405

Christian anti-Semitism: opposed, 94-5 of China, 138, 139; and the Jews of Christian Era: and the Biblical India, 142; the 'covenant' of, 331 chronology, 9 City of David (Jerusalem): and a Second Christian Social Party, 193 Temple ritual bath, 344 Christiani, Pablo: a zealous convert, 130-1 Clark, General Wesley: a 'half-Jew', 206 Christianity: and Rachel, 16; and the Cleopatra, Queen: given Jericho, 87 Maccabean Martyrs, 80; and the Clinton, President Bill: and Middle East Jewish Diaspora, 102, IIO, II9; and the peacemaking, 252; his Jewish-born Roman Empire, 108, IIO; and Secretary of State, 266 Byzantine Empire, II2; in Spain, II9; Cochin (India):Jews of, 141-2, 145,372 in Germany, 121; in , 123; and Coele Syria: Herod governs, 86 the Crusaders, 129; and Martin Cohen, Maxwell: at the United Nations, Luther, 152-3; and the Chmielnicki 264 massacres, 156;Jewish converts to, 164, Cohen, Rabbi Seymour J.: opposes 168,169,179, 204-6,231,232 segregation, 259 Christmas Tree: and hanukiyah, 298-9 Cohens (Cohanim):Aaron's descendants, Chronicles, Book of: records past history, 30; different surnames of, 30; and the 72 Reading of the Law, 306 Chumash (,Five'): the Five Books of Cologne:Jews in, I2o;Jews murdered in, Moses, 315-'7 129; ruins of, 222; a ritual bath in, 344 Chung-te: a Chinese Jewish name, 139 Columbus (Ohio): and a Reform Church Militant: and the 'Maccabean platform, 347 Martyrs', 80 Comay,Joan: and the Hebrew kings, 49 Church of the Seven Holy Maccabees: Common Era: and the Biblical consecrated, 80 chronology, 9 Churchill, Colonel Charles: urges Jewish Commonwealth Jewish Council: and an 'sovereignty' in Palestine, 182, 183 IndianJewish general, 373 Churchill,Winston: his kinsman urges Commonwealth War Graves: and the Jewish 'sovereignty' in Palestine, 182, Star of David, 201, 203 183; intercedes, 209; and a Hungarian Communism: 209-10, 229, 231; and the Jewish knight, 231; and the Book of Hungarian uprising (1956),233 Ruth, 284; a forest in honour of, in Confederate Army (USA): Jews fight in, Israel, 293 177 Cincinnati (Ohio): a Jewish college Congregation Beth Sholom founded in, 179; and non-kosher (Anchorage, Alaska): some members food, 346 of, 361 Circle ofYoung Historians: in Warsaw, Congress of Berlin (1878): and Disraeli, 226 169 circumcision: forbidden, 79; and Jesus, Congress of the United States: a Jew 91; and Christianity, 94; and the Jews campaigns for, 177 406 Index

Conservative Judaism: synagogues of, Cowen, Zelman: becomes Governor­ 307-8; women on their judicial General, 264 courts, 309; and a minyan (quorum), Cracow:Jews of, 149, ISO; anti-Jewish 330; and prayer shawls, 338; and a riots in, ISO; a Jewish scholar in, 151; a prayer vigil, 339; styles of worship in, synagogue in, 151; a ghetto revolt in, 345 218; a history of the Jews of, 227; a Constantine, Emperor: and new code of practice compiled in, 319; a shadows, 108 book on gematria published in, 325; a Constantinople: Jews welcomed in, family from, in Alaska, 359; a survivor 132; a false Messiah arrested in, ISS; from, in Alaska, 361 an American protest to, 176; a Cranganore (India): Muslims and Muslim protest to, from Jerusalem, Christians kill Jews in, 141 182, 190; a scheme for Palestine Creation: the six days of, 3 approved in, 184;Joseph Caro Cresques, Abraham: a pioneer teaches in, 320 map maker, I25, I26 Convention Centre Gerusalem): and a Cresques,Judah: I25, I26 Roman camp, 106; a memorial service Crete:Jews of, in Roman times, 94, 96 in,337 Crimea:Jews in, 106; Polish Jews trade conversos (secret Jews): live on as with, ISO Christians, 126 Crimean War (1854-6): and the Jews, 167 converts (to Judaism): and Ruth, 284; Cromwell, Oliver: invites Jews back, 172 and circumcision, 331 crucifixion: ofJesus, 93, 94 Cook Inlet (Alaska): and the 'Frozen Crusaders, the: and St George, 82; and Chosen', 359 the Jews, 121, 129-30, 133; their Cordoba: a Jewish religious academy in, victims remembered in the Yizkor u8; Maimonides flees from, I27 (memorial) service, 281 Cordovero, Rabbi Moses: inaugurates a Cuba: and Palestine, 246 new fast day, 310 Currie, Edwina: born Jewish, 205 Corinth:Jews in, converted to 'Cursed be he .. .': 31 Christianity, 94 Cypros Gericho): built by Herod, 88 Cornelius: baptized, 94 Cyprus: Herod rents copper mines of, Coruh River: and the Garden of Eden, 88;Jews in, converted to Christianity, X1l1 93, 94;Jews in, 96;Jewish revolt on, Cossacks: and Jews, 154, 165 99; Paul preaches in synagogues in, Council of the Lands (Poland): and 30 4 Jewish communal activity, 151 Cyrenaica:Jewish revolt in, 99 Court Above, the: and the Day of Czechoslovakia: and a film about the Atonement, 279 golem, 154; refugees from, in 'Court Jews': 161-2, 165 Palestine, 225; the daughter of Covenant, the: between Jew and Jew, 73 refugees from, becomes Secretary of Covenant ofAbraham: II, 89 State, 266 Index

Damascus: King David rules, 40, 41; on the eve of, by a Babylonian sage, Solomon loses, 48; help from, 49; 305;andYizkor (the Memorial Serv­ attacked, 50; rule from, 57;Assyria ice), 281, 306; preparations for, 344; in reconquers, 57; a vision of the road to, Alaska, 362; and Auntie Fori, 367 93;Jews from, in Jerusalem, 131;Jews Day ofAtonement, Small (Yom Kippur welcomed in, 132; persecution and Katan): 310-1 torture in (1840), 176, 180;Jews Day ofIndependence (Yom Ha­ attacked in (1938), 255;Jewish Atzmaut): celebrated in Israel, 301-2 community council in, dissolved, 255; Day of Revelation: a joyous festival, 283 Paul preaches in synagogues in, 304 Dayan, Moshe: loses an eye, 22 I; and 'the Dambusters Raid (1943): and a Jewish victory ofJudaism' (November 1947), wireless operator, 221 246-7; visits Alaska, 361 Dan Oacob's son): 17; the tribe of, 49 Dayan, Zorik: killed in action, 246-7 Dan: a sanctuary at, 49; priests at, 49 Days ofAwe (Ten Days of Penitence): Daniel, Book of: 92; and the Jews of 273,274,307,364 China, 139; and 'they that shall be De Gaulle, Charles, 263 wise', 345 De Pass, Frank Alexander: awarded Danube plain: under Roman rule, 97, Victoria Cross, 201 109 Dead Sea: 12,30,61,88,90,97; a kibbutz Danube River: and Communism, 30 on the northern shore of, 225 Danzig, Rabbi Avraham: and a 'family' death and burial: 334-7 Purim, 314-5 Deborah: ajudge and a prophet, 34; and Dark Ages, the:Jews survive, 149 a song of triumph, 34 Darkness at Noon (Arthur Koestler): 209 DeirYassin:Arabs massacred in, 247 Darwin, Charles: and an argument for Delhi: xiv, 96,165, 367;Jews of, 144, 145; Zionism, 192 an explorer's discoveries displayed in, David ben-Zakkai: criticized, 116 237; Holocaust Memorial Day in, David EI-Roi: a false Messiah, 148 371-2 David, King: 7, 38-43; and the Messiah, Delhi Symphony Society: established by 42; and his successors, 47; and Jesus, an IndianJew, 144 91; and the Babylonian Exilarchs, 115; Delilah: and Samson, 35 a descendant of Ruth, 284; a special Demnat (Morocco):Jews murdered in, guest, 286; mourns for Saul, 335 181; a renewed pogrom in, 188--9 David's City Oerusalem): an independent Denia (Spain): a Jewish court physician capital, 40 in, 118 Day ofAtonement (Yom Kippur): Denmark: a Jewish Cabinet Minister in, introduced, 72; and Mohammed, 113, 168; occupied by Germany, 212;Jews 114; in India, 142; and a false Messiah, of, saved, 220 155; and the October War (1973),251; depression: and music, 38 and the Jewish NewYear, 273, 274; its Derishat Ziyon ('Zion's Greetings'): a prayers and customs, 277-83, 295; a fast pioneer Zionist appeal, 184 408 Index

Deuteronomy, Book of: xvii, 28, 67, 287, Diocletian, Emperor: and the' Great 288, 327; and the protection of trees, Persecution', 108 293;'This is the Torah ... ', 315; and the Displaced Persons Camps: and a special dietary laws, 321; and gematria, 325; Hagaddah,296 and divorce, 333; and the mezuzah, Disreali, Benjamin: a successful convert, 342; and the yad, 342; and the 205 Sabbath, 348, 353 D'lsraeli, Isaac: in Britain, 169; a convert, Deutsches Theatre (Munich): Passover 205 celebrated in, 297 Distinguished Conduct Medal: a Jewish dhimmi ('protected'): and the Jews winner of, 202 under Islam, II5, II 9-20 , 134 Distinguished Flying Cross: won by a Diaspora, the: the first Jews of, 19; and Jewish pilot, 221 the Assyrian conquest, 59; and the Divekar, Samuel Ezekiel: builds a Babylonian conquest, 70-I; persists, synagogue, 142-3 72; and the Land oflsrael, 74, 106-7; 'Divide the living child ... ': 43 and Herod, 88; and Saul (later Paul), Divine Commandments: see index entry 93; a Jewish sage seeks money from, mitzvot (good deeds) 98; extent of, in Roman times, 108-9; Divine Law: and the Five Books of and the Talmud, IIO; religious Moses, 316 academies in, II7-8; the continual Divine Presence, the: in the wilderness, emigration to Palestine from, 134; and 29; and God's authority, 310 a comparison with the British Divine Right (of kings): and the Prophet Empire, 135; and the Jews of Palestine, Samuel,37 185; and the first Zionist Congress, divorce: 333-4; and rabbinical courts, 198; and Hungarian-born Jews, 233; 309;'1 hate divorce', 333 and an Indian parallel, 238; and the Djavid Bey: a 'secret' Jew, 156 emergence of the State oflsrael, 246, DNA: and the Cohens (Cohanim), 30 250; creativity in, 252; and the Doctor Zhivago (Boris Pasternak), 205 campaign for Soviet Jewish Dodgers: a star of, 262 emigration, 253, 289; and Jewish Dohany Street Synagogue (Budapest): traditions, 273; and the New Year for xvi, 344, 367 the Trees, 292, 293; Passover in, 294, Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem): newly 296; and the Aggadah, 317; and the built, II7 Sabbath, 354, 358; and 'our' Indians, Dominicans: accuse Nahmanides, 131 376 'Donmeh' (secret Jews): in Turkey, Dickens, Charles: and Fagin, 169 156 Dictionary ofJewish Biography (edited by Doris: Herod marries, 87; her son plots Geoffrey Wigoder): 205, 206 against his father, 89 Die Makkabaeer (opera): 84 doughnuts: at Hanukah, 299, 300 dietary laws: see index entry kosher Dreyfus, Captain Alfred: falsely accused, (kashrut) 193 Index

Drohobycz (Poland): a Jew granted a salt Edward I, King (of England): banishes mine in, ISO the Jews, 290 Dubianskaya, Elena: challenges Soviet Egypt: and the Sabbath, 4; Abraham authorities, 253-4 journeys to, IO;Joseph in, I 7--9; Jews Dublin (Ireland): a journey through, 360 in, 20; Israelites recall, 26, 28; recalled, Dubnow, Simon: his life and fate, 226 38; horses and linen from, 45; and the Dubnow, Zeev: 'We want to conquer war of 1948--9, 46; troops of, approach Palestine .. .', 187-8 Jerusalem (circa 930 BC), 48; tries to Dulcigno (Adriatic): a false Messiah halt Assyrians, 63; attacked, 65 ;Judah banished to, 156 becomes a vassal of, 67; defeated, 68; : a pioneer poet, II8 becomes an ally, 69;jews flee to, 71; 'Dundi': a 'lovely little fat girl', 368 and Judaea, 75; and Rome, 79, 83; Dutch: see index entry Holland Herod travels to, 86-7;jewish revolt Dutch language: a Jewish newspaper in, in, 99; conquered by Islam, II4; a 162 Jewish sage from, II6;Jewish officials Dutch West India Company:Jews seek in, II9; Napoleon reaches Palestine support of, 173 from, I63;Jews in, volunteer for Duveck-Cohen, Elias Moses: in Gallipoli, 202; anti-Jewish riots in, Calcutta, 144 255; and the emergence of the State Dymshyts,Veniamin: his Soviet Jewish ofIsrael, 242, 248, 249; and the Six­ success story, 253 DayWar (1967),253; and the October Dzialoszyce (Poland): and a mezuzah, 342 War (1973), 251, 277; makes peace with Israel (1979),246, 25I;Jews East India Company: and the Jews, 142 expelled from (1956--9), 256;Jews of East Prussia: a Hebrew-language (since 1979),256; and the festival of monthly in, 163 Passover, 294, 295; and the mitzvot, Easter: and Passover, 297 327; and an Arabic language prayer Eastern : and 'Abraham's doors', book, 338 14; and the Maccabees, 84;Jews from, Ehrenburg, Ilya: wins Stalin Prize, 224; settle in Palestine, 134; and the first visits India, 371 Zionist Congress, 198 Eichmann, Adolf and the Holocaust, Ebro River (Spain):Jews on, 148 2I3;his trial, 228 Ecclesiastes, Book of 287-8 Eilat (Gulf ofAkaba): and King ecology: and the Jews, 293 Solomon, 44 Edom: to be 'a possesion', 29; becomes Einhorn, Rabbi: preaches against slavery, an ally, 69; attacks Judah, 69; overrun 177 by Hasmoneans, 82; ruled by Herod, Einsatzgruppen: killing squads, 212-3 87 Eire (Republic ofIreland): the fate of its Edomites: their gods worshipped, 45; Jews discussed in Berlin, 213 win independence, 48,51; Herod Eisenhower, General Dwight D.: descended from, 86 'replaces' Moses, 297 410 Index

Eisenstein, Sergei: and the Holocaust, Encyclopedia £?fJudaism, The: and Sura and 224 Pumbeditha, IIO Eizenstat, Stuart: and a White House England: see index entry Britain hanukiyah, 299 English language: a 'native' Jewish Ekaterinoslav ():Jews in, 165 tongue, 162; the Talmud translated EIArish: ruled by Hasmoneans, 83 into, 318; and a prayer book, 338; used EI Male Rahamin: the memorial prayer, in synagogue, 345 281 Enlightenment: see index entry Jewish Ela, King: killed, 51 Enlightenment (Haskalah) Elbe River:Jews settle along, 148; a Enoch: and the first city, 7 killing school on, 212 Entente Powers:Jews of, fight in First Eleazar (Aaron's son): becomes High World War, 199; and the Balfour Priest, 30 Declaration, 203 Eleazar (Maccabee): crushed by an Ephraim: one ofJacob's sons, 19 elephant, 82 Ephraim ben-Azariah: a Jerusalemite, in Eleazar (sage): his courageous protest, Khazaria, 148 79-80;Judah ha-Nasi echoes, 104 Epstein, Isidor: translates the Talmud, 318 Elephantine (Egypt): and divorce, 334 Eretz Yisrael: see index entry Land of Eliezer:Abraham's servant, 323 Israel Eliezer ofWorms, Rabbi: and gematria, Esau:'a man of the field', 15; and Jacob's 324 deception, 15-6; and the Jews of Elijah of Ferrara: heads Jerusalem Jews, China, 138 134 Eshet Hayyil ('A Virtuous Woman') Elijah, Gaon ofVilna: tries to make a praised,349-50 golem, 154; opposes Hasidism, 160 Eshkol, Levi: subjected to 'evil tongues', Elijah, Rabbi (ofChelm): and the 329 'golem', 153-4 Eskimos:Auntie Fori meets, 376 Elijah, the Prophet: 53-5; his death, 55; Esther, Queen: her courage, 72; and the and the fate ofJezebel, 56; and Rabbi Jews of China, 138; and Purim, 3II-3 Nathan, 107; and a false Messiah, 148; Estonia: and the Holocaust, 213, 217 his cup of wine, at Passover, 294; a Ethics of the Fathers: and 'heaven and 'minyan man', 330 hell', 5 Elimelech: Ruth's father-in-law, 284 Ethiopia: Moses' wife from, 28; and King Elisha, the Prophet: Elijah's successor, 55 Solomon, 44; and Jerusalem, 48; a Elizabeth, Empress of Russia: bans Jews, general from, 50; immigrants to Israel 166 from, 268; and Purim, 312 Emergency Committee (Delhi):Auntie Etzion-Geber (Gulf ofAkaba): Fori a member of, 370 Solomon's port, 44; destroyed, 48 Encyclopaedia Judaica: and Boris Euphrates River: xiii; and the Fertile Pasternak, 205; and the town of Crescent, 9, 10; King David's rule Miskolc, 229 extends to, 40, 41; and Solomon, 43; Index 4II

and Babylonia, 63,68; and the False Messiahs: 148, 155-6 Diaspora, 72, 109 Fast, Howard: and the Maccabees, 85 European Council for Nuclear Research Fatama (Egypt):Jewish traders at, 136 (CERN): and a Jewish Nobel Prize Felhendler, Leon: his courage, and his winner, 261 fate, 218 European Parliament: the first President Ferdinand and Isabella (King and Queen of, 263 of Spain): their Jewish financial European Powers, The (Martin Gilbert): a adviser, 132 photograph in, 373 Ferrara (Italy): aJew from, heads Eurovision Song Contest: in Jerusalem, Jerusalem community, 134 106 Fertile Crescent: and Abraham, 9, 10 Eve: in the Garden of Eden, 4-6; buried Fettmilch,Vincent: and a special Purim, in Hebron, 14; and wine, 357 314 Exilarchs: in Babylonia, under Islam, II5; Feynman, Richard: and the atom bomb, criticism of, II6 223 Exodus (from Egypt): 4, 23-5, 33; and Fez:Jews from, II7; massacre ofJews in, Passover, 54, 294-6, 326; and Sukkot, 120; Maimonides in, 127;Jews 285; and the Sabbath, 349 murdered in, 180 Exodus, Book of 28, 67; and Passover, Fichtencwajg (a surname): changed, 164 54,294,295; and Purim, 313; and the '': discussed in Berlin, Five Books of Moses, 315; and the 21 3-4 dietary laws, 321; and gematria, 323; Finland: refugees from Hitler in, 220 and the menorah, 340; and the First, Ruth: an anti-apartheid activist, Sabbath, 348, 349, 353 259 Eybescheutz,Jonathan: and the Hebrew 'First Jewish Law': in Hungary, 232 language, 162-3 FirstWorldWar:Jews serve in, 179, Ezekiel, Book of and 'a little sanctuary' 199-204, 207, 231; a conscientious (the synagogue), 304 objector in, fights death penalty, 264 Ezra the Scribe: 67, 73; and cleanliness, Fischer, Louis: and Gandhi, 238 344 Five Books of Moses (the Pentateuch): Ezra, Book of 74; and the Jews of China, 3,67,73,84; and Maimonides, 127; 139 and the festival of Simhat Torah, 289; Ezra, Sir David: Sheriff of Calcutta, 144 synagogues not mentioned in, 304; and the Sabbath service in synagogue, Fagin: a caricature, 169 306; and the 'People of the Book', Fairbanks (Alaska): a synagogue in, 357; a 315-7; and the Zohar, 319; and the house of prayer in, 362; declines to dietary laws, 321; and gematria, 322-5; take Jewish refugees, 363 and the mitzvot, 325-8; and the Faithful Rebels (Israel Levine): and Karl Sabbath, 348, 355 Marx, 206 Flanders:Jews from, 130; a Jewish general Fall of Paris, The (Ilya Ehrenburg): 224 helps in liberation of (1918),200 412 Index

Florence (Italy): a Jew from, in Palestine, Franck,James: and the atom bomb, 223 133;]ews protected in, 314 Franco, General Francisco: in Spain, 209, Focsani (Roumania): and Jewish 210 'national honour', 186 Frank, Anne: in Holland, 207 Fonseca, Isaac Aboab de: the first Frankel, Bela (General Lukacs): fights in 'American'rabbi, 173 Spain, 210-1 Forbath: a less Jewish sounding surname, Frankfurt-on-Main: restrictions onJews 368 ended in, 163; Rothschilds in, 169; 'is Foreman, Carl: leaves the United States my Jerusalem', 187; refugees from, in for Britain, 267 Holland, 207; and a special Purim, 314 Fori,Auntie: see index entry Nehru, Fori Frankfurt-on-Oder: and 'Zion's Formentera:Jews of, 125 Greetings', 184 'Forsaken ... Desolate': no more, 60-62 Franks: and Jews, 149 Fortas, Abe: and a Supreme Court Franks,Jacob: a pioneer American trader, victory, 266 175 'Fortress, Rock of My Salvation ... ': sung Freedom Charter (1955): drafted by a at Hanukah, 299 Jew, 259 Forty Days qf Musa Dagh, The (Franz French language: 162 Werfel): and the fate of the French Revolution (1789): and the Jews, Armenians, 237 163; and the Jewish Enlightenment, Forward (newspaper): moves from 345 Yiddish, 172 Friedlaender, David: opposes Yiddish, France: xiv, lI8; and the Divine Right of 162 Kings, 37; and the Maccabbean Friedman, Milton: his Nobel Prize, 260 Martyrs, 80;Jewish fortune and Friedman, Philip: a Jewish historian, and misfortune in, 122-3 ;Jews reach, from a survivor, 226 Spain, 132; expulsion ofJews from, Friedmann family (of Budapest): xvi, praised, 153; and a film about the 164,367-8 golem, 154; a Jewish Cabinet Minister Friedmann,Andrasz (Robert Capa): his in, 168; North African Jews emigrate career as a photographer, 235-6 to, 181; Lovers of Zion from, 189; and Friedmann, Armin: in Budapest, 370; the Dreyfus Affair, 193;]ews of,fight changes his surname, 368 in First World War, 199,201; German Friedmann,Joseph: saved by his Captain, Jews find refuge in, 207;]ews from, 369 fight in Spain, 210; and the Second Friedmann, Magdolna (Auntie Fori): see World War, 212; 'Righteous Gentiles' index entry Nehru, Fori in, 219;Jewish soldiers in, 220; a Friedmann, Regina Hirshfeld: 367 Jewish Prime Minister of, 225; and the 'Friends of the Hebrew Language': a emergence ofIsrael, 246; prominent publisher, 163 Jews in, 263; and a Sabbath dish, 356; frogs, plague of 22 and the 'heavenly Jerusalem', 357 'Frozen Chosen': in Alaska, 359 Index 4 1 3

Funk, Casimir: discovers vitamins, 199 Gaon oNilna: see index entry Elijah, Fustat (Old Cairo): a religious centre in, Gaon oNilna II 8; Maimonides dies in, 128 Garay,Janos: a Hungarian Olympic gold medalist, and his fate, 234 Gabor, Dennis: his invention, 236 Garden of Eden: a visit to, xiii-xiv; Adam Gad: one ofJacob's sons, 17 and Eve in, 4-5, 6 Galicia:Jews in, 150; the Jewish Garibaldi:Jews on march of (1860),175 Enlightenment in, 161, 164 Garshowitz, Sergeant Albert: shot down, Galilee: part of the Kingdom ofIsrael, 221 47; attacked, 57; occupied, 58; a Jewish Gath: and the Ark of the Covenant, 36; centre, 74; Herod governs, 85; Herod 'Tell it not in ... ', 39 prevents Hasmonean rule in, 86; and Gaul: Herod takes mercenaries from, 87 Jesus, 91; Christianity in, 93; a Gaulanitis: see index entry Golan Heights fisherman from, 94; a Jewish revolt in, Gawler, George: urges Jewish colonies in 96; priestly families in, 103; a religious Palestine, 182-3 academy in, 103;Jewish folk art in, Gaza: and the Philistines, 35; captured by 105; and Jerusalem, 107; and Solomon, 42; Nebuchadnezzar Christianity, IIO; and Islam, 116, II7; reaches, 68; a synagogue in, III;Jewish and the Crusades, 129;Jews reach, guides in, 133; a Jewish mystic in, 155; from Spain, 132; desolation of, a kibbutz near, 226 reported, 134; and the Jews ofIndia, Gaza Strip: Palestinian refugees in, 249 141; Hasidic emigration to, 157;Jewish Gederah (Palestine): a pioneer land purchase in, 183; and the future settlement, 188 of Palestine, 245;Jesus preaches in Geiger, Abraham: and Reform Judaism, synagogues in, 304; a new fast day 345 inaugurated in, 310 gematria (the numerical value of Galilee, Sea of: 50, 107 Hebrew letters): 276, 322-5 Gallipoli Peninsula:Jews in action on Genesis, Book of: and Creation, 3,4; and (1915),200,202-3 Abraham, 9; and the 'people of the Gama, Gaspar de: a Jew from India, 173 book', 315; and forbidden foods, 321; Gamaliel II: teaches at Yavne, 98; his and gematria, 323, 324; and a mitzvah, grandson leads the Jewish community, 327; and circumcision, 331; and the 103-4; his son's reputation, 107 Sabbath,352 Gamaliel the Elder: teaches Saul (later Geneva: and the 'Maccabean Martyrs', Paul),93 80; and two American human rights Gamla (Golan Heights): a Zealot activists, 267;World Ort Union in, fortress, 96 268 Gandhi, M. K.: and the Jews, 238-41; his Genocide Convention (1951): inspired death,370 by a Jew, 257 Gandhi and his Jewish Friends (Margaret Geonim (religious teachers): under Chatterjee): 238 Muslim rule, II5 414 Index

George V, King: his Jewish soldier­ the Reform movement in, and dietary subjects, 202 laws, 322; Jewish Science' in, 345 (United States):Jews in, 174, 176 Gero, Erno (Erno Singer): a Communist Georgia Judiciary Committee: a Jewish activist, 209-IO; a Communist leader, Chairman of, I77-S 23 2 Gerde, Oszkar: an Olympic gold Gerona (Spain): Nahmanides in, 131 medalist, dies in a concentration Gerondi, Rabbi Vital Ephraim: refuses camp,234 baptism, 126 German language: 161, 162; in a Jewish Gershom: Moses's son, 21 school, 164; in Jewish schools in : 'Our Master', Russia, 166; in Jewish schools in 120-1 Germany, 171; the Talmud translated Gestapo: its power, 207; and Adolf into, 3IS; and the German Reform Eichmann, 213; and the Holocaust, movement, 346 213,214,215,220 'German Socrates': and Moses get (a bill of divorcement): 333-4 Mendelssohn, 161 Gezer: a city given as a dowry, 43; Germany: a salt mine worked by Jews in, becomes a fortress, 45 IIS;Jews of, in early medieval times, ghettos: torn down, 163; re-establish ed, 120-1; anti-Jewish violence in, 121; 212; a medieval expulsion from, and a film about the golem, I54;Jews reversed,3I4 find refuge in, 154; and the Jewish Gilbert, David: xvi, 96 Enlightenment, 160, 161 ;Jewish Gilbert,Joshua: 330 converts to Christianity in, 169-70; Gilbert, Peter: 12S, 335, 33S, 343, 351 'Hep! Hep!' riots in, I70;Jews from, in Gimbel,Adam: a successful peddler, 176 America, 174, 175,266; Lovers of Zion Gimbel, Charles and Ellis: open a from, ISS; Zionism in, 19S;Jews of, department store, 176 and the First World War, 199,200,201, Giszkalay,Janos (David Widder): 233 207; and the Second World War, 212; Glik, Hirsh: his song of defiance, 217 'Righteous Gentiles' in, 219; refugees Globe Theatre (London): restored, 267 from, in Finland, 220; and the Goa (India):Jews of, 141; a Jewish Dambusters Raid, 221; devastation in, governor of, 372 222; refugees from, donate God: and Moses, xvii, 219; and Creation, ambulances, 223; refugees from, in 3-4; and Cain and Abel, 6; and Seth, 7; Palestine, 225; Gandhi's advice to the and Abraham, IO, II, 12, 13, 14; and Jews of, 240; a refugee from, wins Esau andJacob, I5;and Israel, 16, 19; Nobel Prize, 260; a refugee from, and Joseph, IS; and Moses, 22-32; and becomes Britain's Chief Rabbi, 265; a the Israelites, 35; and Samson, 36; and refugee from becomes America's the House of David, 41; and Solomon, Secretary of State, 266; a fifteenth­ 43-4; and the Kingdom ofJudah, 51; century tune from, 299; the memorial and Isaiah, 60, 62; and Hezekiah, 61; prayer in, in medieval times, 306-7; and Jerusalem, 67; and the Index 4 1 5

Babylonians, 67; and exile, 72; primacy Goldberg, Marshall: a football star, 262 of, 73; and the Land ofIsrael, 102; and Goldberg, Moniek: 'I am proud to be a Islam, II3; and Maimonides'Thirteen Jew .. .', 21 9 Principles of Faith, 128; and Shabbetai golden ages: under Emperor Septimus Zvi, ISS; and Jewish 'national' unity, Severus, 107; in Spain, under Islam, 185; and 'Money', 206; 'with thee 117, II8; 'pushed aside' (in Muslim withersoever thou goest', 228; and lands), 256 'Zion' , 241; and the Jewish NewYear golden calf: 27,36,48; and the ram's liturgy, 273; and the Tashlikh horn, 275; the Israelite women refuse ceremony, 276; and Jonah, 280-1; and to make, and are rewarded, 3II 'the Gates of Mercy', 28 I; and Ruth Goldene Medina (the 'Golden Realm'): (the Moabite), 284; and the kabbalistic Jews reach, 171 seven spheres, 286; and 'the whole Golders Green (London): and the festival duty of man', 287; and Passover, 294, of Hanukah, 298 295; and the Amidah prayer, 305; and Goldschmidt, Lazarus: translates the the memorial prayer for the dead, 307; Talmud, 318 and the rabbinate, 310; and the Divine Goldstein,Joseph: his Nobel Prize, 260 Presence (Shekhinah), 29, 310; His Goldwater, Barry: the grandson ofJews, name not mentioned in Scroll of 205 Esther, 313; and 'the Torah of Moses', Goldziher, Ignaz (Isaac Judah): an Islamic 316; and gematria, 325; and the scholar, 233 mitzvot, 325, 326, 327; and golem, the: and a rabbi from Chelm, circumcision, 331; and divorce, 333; the 153-4; and a rabbi from Prague, 154 'Master of the house', 335; and death, Goliath: killed, 38 335; and the phylacteries, 339; and the gomel prayer: after peril, 330 menorah, 340; and the mezuzah, 342; Gomelsky,Alexander: a gold medalist for different styles of worship of, 345-7; the Soviet Union, 262-3 and the Sabbath, 348, 351, 355; and the Gomorrah: destroyed, 12; recalled, 61 violation of the Sabbath, 353,354; and Gone With the Wind (film): a star of, His 'chosen people', 365 200 Golan Heights: a Biblical advance Good Friday: and the 'perfidious' Jews, through, 50; Herod rules, 87;Jews 94-5 seize a fortress on, 96;Jews live in, 103; Goodman, George Ernest: his courage, Jewish land in, 107; a synagogue and his fate, 22 I below, III Gordimer, Nadine: her Nobel Prize, 260 Goldberg (a surname): transmogrified, Gort, Lord: and Palestine, 242 164 Goshen (Egypt): Israelites in, 20 Goldberg, Art: in Alaska, 361 Grace After Meals: II8, 122,350-1 Goldberg, Bill: a wrestling champion, 262 Granada (Spain): a Jewish general in, Il7; Goldberg, Burton: decides to stay in a 'jewish' city, Il8;Jews massacred in, Alaska, 361 120 4 16 Index

Grant, General: expels Jewish traders, 177 Gutman, David Meir: fights for Hungary 'Great Persecution': under Roman rule, (1848-9),233 I08 Gyarmati, Dezso: his Olympic gold Greece: and Herod, 88; and Christianity, medal, 234 94, IIO; a Jewish doctor from, on Majorca, I25; a false Messiah travels Habad (a Hasidic group): its origins, through, I55;Jews of, in First World 159-60; a leader of, reaches New York, War, 199;Jews of, in Second World 225 War, 212, 220, 221; and the British Haber, Fritz: and mustard gas, 201 debate on Palestine, 244; and the Habiru (,Hebrews'): the origin of a future of Palestine, 246; and gematria word, 20 (in ancient times), 324; Rabbi Habonim:Jewish youth movement, 225 Abraham Abulafia in, 325 Hadassah: and Esther, 313 Greek language: in Judaea, 75, 76; and Hadassah Hospital Gerusalem):Jews the Aggadah, 317 massacred on way to, 247 Green, Golda: born in Russia, 146 Hadrian, Emperor: suppresses Jewish Greenberg, Rabbi Irving: reflects on the revolt, 99; imposes penalties, IOO; and Sabbath, 357 the fast of the Ninth ofAv, 290 Greenfield, Hy: killed in action, in Spain, Hadrian's Wall (Britain): and the Roman 2II Empire, 97 Greenfield,Jay: his pilgrimage, 2II haemorrhoids: and the Philistines, 36 Grouchkowsky, Corporal: his bravery, at Hagana Gewish defence force): 248 Gallipoli,202 Hagar (a maidservant): II Gruening, Ernest: Governor ofAlaska, Haggadah: and the Passover recitation, 360; a Senator for Alaska, 360; offers to 295,296-7,326 take in GermanJewish refugees, 363 Hagiographia: part of the Jewish Bible, Gryn, Gabi: murdered at Auschwitz, 145 II3 Gryn, Hugo: and a story about Abraham, Hagith (David's wife): supports her son's II; and God's 'wry humour', 28; in claims, 42 India, 143, 145; a stalwart of inter-faith Haidamak massacres (Ukraine): and reconciliation, 269 Jewish self-defence, 157 Guadalajara (Spain): 2IO, 2I1; a Haifa: 'all Israel' summoned near, 54; and Hagaddah from, 296 the Hasmoneans, 83;Jewsjoin 'Guardians of the Sabbath': observant, Muslims in defence of, I29;Jews buy 355 land south of, 187; a Jew from, in the Guards Regiments:Jews serve in, 202 Battle of Britain, 221; battle for, 248 Guidefor the Perplexed (Maimonides): I28 hail: aillicts Egyptians, 23 Gujarat: xv, 145 Haines (Alaska):Jews of, 360 Gulf of Suez: and Jewish traders, 136 Haj, the: and Abraham, 12-3 Gulf ofTonkin Resolution (1959): a Hajos-Guttman,Alfred: an Olympic Jewish Senator votes against, 360 gold medalist, 233-4 Index

Halakhah (religious law): II6, 317-8; and Hebrew kings: created, 37; and Saul, the Sabbath, 352 38-9; and David, 39-42; and Halban, Martine: a publisher, 256 Solomon, 42-46; the era of, 47-70 Ham: Noah's son, 8 Hebrew language:Judah ha-Nasi and, Haman: his foul deed prevented, 72; and 104; evolution of, II6; studies of, II8; Purim,3II-4 and Maimonides, 128; and the Jews of Hamburg:Jews of, emancipated, 163; a China, 137, 139; and the Jews ofIndia, Reform synagogue in, 346 142; and Polish coins, 149; and Jewish Hammath-Gader: a synagogue in, III learning, 151; and Hasidim, 159; a Hamra, Chief Rabbi Avraham: leaves 'national treasure', 162; and Ben­ Syria for Israel, 254 Yehuda, 190-1; and the sho' ah Hangkow (China): aJew from, 140 (Holocaust), 2II; and modern army Hannah: and her seven sons, 80, 84 commands, 222; and a Hungarian Hanukah: festival of, 298-300; and the poet, 233; and Soviet Jews, 253; and Hanukiyah, 298-9, 340 the spelling of'Hanukah', 300; and Harman, Zena: and a Nobel Prize 'mishnaic' Hebrew, 318; and the ceremony, 261 translation of the Talmud, 318; and the Hasidism: its leaders and followers, German Reform movement, 346; in 157-60; and a convert to Christianity, Alaska, 362; and Sanskrit, 371 204; a leader of, escapes from Europe, Hebrew Orphan Asylum: 176 225; in Hungary, 231; and slander, 329 Hebrew printed books: the first, 122; Haskalah: see index entry Jewish burnt, in Paris, 123; also jacket Enlightenment illustration Hasmoneans: transform Judaea, 76,80-5; Hebrew Union College: 178,346 and cheese at Hanukah, 299 Hebrew University ofJerusalem: 251, 'Hatikvah ' (Hope): the Jewish anthem, 283,301 222,263; and a Holocaust Memorial Hebrews: and 'hard bondage', 20, 21-2 Day in Delhi, 371-2 Hebron: and Abraham, II, 14, 30; David havdalah ('separation'): and the Sabbath, annointed king in, 39; David rules 341,351,356-7 from, 40; Maimonides in, 127;Jews in, Hayyim, RabbiYosef and the Garden of 134; three strangers made welcome in, Eden, 5 286 Hazael, King ofAram: seizes territory, 57 Heine, Heinrich: converts to Hazor: Solomon's fortress, 45,58 Christianity, 170, 205 'Hear, 0 Israel' (Shema prayer): 31, 101, Hejaz (Arabia):Jews expelled from, II5 142,334,339,342 helicopters: and a Jewish inventor, 200 Hebrew alphabet: and gematria, 323 Hell (Gehinnom): 5,40 Hebrew Benevolent Society: 176,359 Hellenes: rule over Jews, 42 Hebrew Bible: and Islam, II3; and the Hellenism: in Judaea, 75-6, 79, 80; and name of God, 155 the Hasmoneans, 84; and Herod, 88 Hebrew Free School Association: 178 Hellman, Lillian: her wartime play, 224 418 Index

Helsinki Olympics (1952): a husband Responsa literature, 319; a journey to, and wife double 'gold' at, 234; a Jewish 367; a Friday night in, 372 wrestler at, 262 Hindus: 7, 240; and Jews, 141; and the Henry the Navigator: his mapmaker, 126 Inter-Faith Network (in Britain), 269 'Hep! Help!' riots: in Germany (1819), Hinnom Valley Gerusalem): and David's 170 city, 40; and child sacrifice, 40, 66 Heraclitus, Emperor: reconquers Hiram, King ofTyre: and King David, Palestine, 112; expels Jews from 40; and Solomon, 43,44 Jerusalem, lI4 Hirsch, Baron Maurice de: a patron of herem (a rabbinical ban): on a false Jewish emigration from Russia, 168; Messiah, 155; and Hasidism, 160; and 'The rich Jews will give you nothing', the Day ofAtonement, 279 193 Hero of the Soviet Union: awarded to Hirsch, Rabbi Samson Raphael: and Jews, 2IO, 222-3, 253 Neo-OrthodoXY,345 Herod: a Jewish ruler, 82, 85-90; rebuilds Hirsch-Rotkopf, Francizka: her fate, and the Temple, 89-90, 290; and the that of her husband, 215-6 Olympic Games, 88, 234 Hirschberg brothers: in Alaska, 359-60 Herodium: built by Herod, 88 Hirshfeld,Armin: emigrates to Palestine, Heroes and Martyrs Memorial Day 368 (Israel): 217 Hirshfeld, Carlotta: emigrates to Herr, Dr Moshe David: his reflections Australia, 368 on the Day ofAtonement, 283 Hirshfeld, Elizabeth: her cruel fate, 371 Hertz, ChiefRabbiJ. H.: and 'The duty Hirshfeld, Louis: a poet and philatelist, of cheerfulness', 351 368 Herzl, Theodor: seeks a Jewish State, 170, Hirszfeld, Ludwik: his medical discovery, 192-4; at the first Zionist Congress, 199-200 197-8; his son converts, 205; born in Hisdai ibn Shaprut: a Jewish court Budapest, 230; introduced to the physician, lI8 Sultan, 237; re-intered in Jerusalem, History ofJerusalem (Hugh Callan): 190 250-1,301 History of the Jews, A (Paul Johnson): 228 Herzl, Trude: dies in Theresienstadt, 217 History if the Jews in Russia and Poland Hezekiah, King: his rule, 60-65 (Simon Dubnow): 226 : and a baseball History ifthe Yiddish Language (Max champion, 262; and a prayer book, 338 Weinreich): 227 High Priest, the: 29, 42, 75, 82, 83, 84, 85, Hitler,Adolf forces Jews to flee, 165; his 87,92,93, I04; and God's name, 155; definition of a Jew, 168; and and the Day ofAtonement, 278 'degenerate Jewish music', 205; comes Hillel, Rabbi: his wisdom, 90-1, 219, 327 to power, 207-9; signs Nuremberg Hillman, Sidney: leads a strike, 199 Laws, 208; and the Holocaust, 2lI, Himalayas: exploration north of, 237; 220; declares war on the United letters sent to, and Purim, 312; and States, 221; and the survival ofJewish Index

identity, 225; and a Jewish cartoonist, Holocaust, The: The Jewish Tragedy (Martin 236; and aJew's decision not to Gilbert),342 convert to Christianity, 237; replaces Holocaust Day: in Britain, a day of Pharaoh, 297 memorial,303 Hitler's Professors (Max Weinreich): 227 Holocaust Memorial Day (Yom Ha­ Hittites: 15,41,45 Shoah): a day of reflection, 302-3; Holland (Dutch):Jews find refuge in, held by the Israeli Embassy in Delhi, 132, 154,207; a Jewish newspaper in, 371-2 162; a Jewish Cabinet Minister in, 168; holography: its inventor, 236 and the Jews of the NewWorld, 172; Hopkins, Harry: 'whither thou goest ... ', Jews of, in the SecondWorldWar, 212; 284 'Righteous Gentiles' in, 219;Jewish Horthy,Admiral: rejects Hitler's pressure, soldiers in, 220; and the emergence of 220 Israel,246 Hoshana Rabba: the festival of, 286-7 Hollywood: and the Jews, 172,236 Hoshea: becomes King, 58 Holocaust, the: 94, 101; a survivor of, Houdini, Harry (Ehrich Weiss): born in 145; and the destruction ofYiddish, Hungary, 230 171; its fatal course, 211-20; and House ofAhab: destruction of, 56 German scholarship, 228; and the House of David: warned, 41; division of, Eichmann trial, 228; in Hungary, 47-8; a King from, 57; Hillel a 231-2; a 'bitter. .. culmination', 242; member of, 90; and the Romans, and the 'victory ofJudaism', 246; 106 recalled, by Golda Meir, 249; and the House ofIsrael: and the name Israel, 16 haven of a Jewish State, 250; a poet 'How are the mighty fallen .. .': 39 of, wins Nobel Prize, 260; a witness How to Be an Alien (George Mikes): 236 of, wins Nobel Prize, 260-1; a Howard, Leslie: a future film star, survivor of, becomes President of wounded, 200 European Parliament, 263; Howard, Michael: a Jewish-born remembrance of, 267-8; denial of, Cabinet Minister, 264 challenged, 268-9; fasting during, on Howe, Irving: and Max Weinreich, 227 the Day of Atonement, 277; and Hsien-yi: a Chinese-Jewish name, 139 Yizkor (the memorial service), 281; Hulda, a prophetess: her warning, 67 and the fast of the Ninth of Av, 290; Huleh marsh (Upper Galilee): and a survivors of, and a special Passover Jewish settlement, 188; a kibbutz Hagaddah, 296-7; a memorial day founded near, 225 for, in Israel, 302; a survivor of, Human Rights Act (Britain): an becomes Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi, in architect of, 267 Israel, 309; survivors of, in Alaska, Hungarian: a 'native' tongue, for Jews, 361,363; and Jewish demography, 162, 171 363;Auntie Fori's family survive, Hungarian Research Academy: an 369-70 explorer's library at, 237 42 0 Index

Hungary: Communist revolution in, 30; make their way to, 180; troops of, in a Holocaust survivor from, 145;Jews Palestine, 198;Jewish troops from, in help Magyars conquer, 147;Jews fight the First World War, 201,202; and the for independence of (1849),175,233; a British debate on Palestine, 244; rabbi's son from, becomes film star, independence of (1947),244,245; and 200; a writer from, sentenced to Palestine, 246; Soviet links with, and a death, 209;Jews from, fight in Spain, Jew, 253; and a Hungarian-born 210; rejects German demands, 220; economic adviser, 264; and Purim, 312 refugees from, in Palestine, 225; a Indian Civil Service: xvi town in (Miskolc), 228-<); the Jews of, Indian Legislative Assembly: a Jewish 229-37; new Jewish educational member of, 144 facilities for, 269; Reform Judaism in, Indian Ocean: Solomon's ships sail 346; and the Sabbath meal, 350;Aunti through,44 Fori's childhood and youth in, Indian Opinion: a Jewish contributor to, 367-70;Aunti Fori returns to, 370-1; a 239; a Jewish patron of, 239 British economist born in, 371 Indo-China: a war photographer killed Hur (an Israelite): helps Moses, 26 in,236 Hussein, King (ofJordan): avoids war, Indo-Soviet Cultural Society: entertains 251 Ehrenburg, 371 Hyde Park (London): a Holocaust Indus River: a fortress on, 237 memorial in, 302 'Infamous Decree': issued by Napoleon, Hyrcanus II: a Hasmonean ruler, 84, 85; 164 put to death by Herod, 86 Institute for Jewish Studies (Warsaw): 227 Ibiza:Jews of, 125 Institute ofJewish Studies (St Ibn Al-Faqth (an Arab writer): reports Petersburg): 226 on Jewish trader, 136 Inter-Faith Network for the United Ibn Khurdadhbih (an Arab writer): Kingdom: seeks to bridge religious describes Jewish traders, 136 divides, 269 Ibrahim ibn Yaqub: a Jewish geographer, International Brigade (Spanish Civil lI8 War): and the Jews, 209, 210 idol worship: 9-10, 45-6, 62, 65-6 International Conference for the Idumaea: see index entry Edom Unification of Criminal Law (1933): ' ... if not now, when?': 91 25 8 India: the road to, xiv, 8;Auntie Fori in, International Congress Against xiv-xv, 251; an Empress of, and King Imperialism (1927): 241 David, 42;Jews of, 74; Maimonides' 'Internationalism': an accusation, 210 brother drowned on way to, 127; and Internet: and the festival ofHanukah, Jewish traders, 44,135; the Jews of, 299-300 140-5; a Jew from, crosses the Atlantic, Investments Committee (United 173 ;Jewish traders in, 174; 'secret' Jews Nations): xv Index 421

Iran: xiv, 59; opposes Jewish statehood, Crusades, 129; scattered Jewish 246;Jews of, 256; and a colourful communities among, 134-5; and skullcap, 338; ten Jews in, imprisoned, Jewish traders, 135; and the Jews of 339 China, 138; and the Jews ofIndia, 141; Iraq:Jews of, 58;Jews from, in India, 145; a false Messiah converts to, 155-6; and Palestine, 244, 248; and anti­ Jews under, in the nineteenth century, Jewish law in, 254; anti-Jewish riots in, 179-82; and a Jewish scholar, 233; and 255; Zionism declared a crime in, 255 a Jewish adventurer, 237; and the Irgun: seeks to end British rule, 243; its British debate on Palestine, 244; and 'spectacular acts' denounced, 247 the emergence of the State ofIsrael, Iron Curtain: and Soviet Jewry, 252-4; 254-7; and the Midrash, 318 and Syrian Jewry, 253 Islamabad (Pakistan): and Jerusalem, 40 Isaac (Abraham's son): II, 13-4, 15, 16, Isle of Man: internment on, 240 333; and the Promised Land, 32; and Ismailia (Egypt):Jews attacked in, 254 the Jews of China, 139; and the Jewish Israel:Jacob's new name, 16; no NewYear liturgy, 274; a special guest, 'perverseness' in, 29 286; and Haman's 'ears', 313 Israel (State of): its Law of Return, xvii; Isaac ibn Chayyat: his hymn, 351-2 the origin of its name, 16; a Prime Isaac ibn Sa'id: a Jewish astronomer, 119 Minister and a ChiefJustice of, 34; Isaac ibnYashush: a Jewish grammarian, and Soviet Jews, 40; and the war of 118 1948--9,45; and the Law of Return, Isaacs, Gabriel: a friend of Gandhi, 59-60; and the Maccabees, 81, 84, 85; 239-40 and the 'secret' Jews of Majorca, 126; Isaacs,Jeremy: heads Royal Opera and the Jews ofIndia, 140, 143, 145; House, 264 and Russian-born Jews, 171; a former Isaacs, Michael: his death in Jerusalem, 'secret' Jew in, 180; two future Presi­ 264 dents of, 188--9; and the Hebrew lan­ Isaiah, Book of: recited on Israel's Day of guage, 190; a future Prime Minister Independence, 302 of, 203; recognizes 'Righteous Isaiah, the Prophet: 60-1,62-3; and the Gentiles', 220; a future Chief of Staff Sabbath, 354 of, loses an eye, 22 I; Hungarian Jews Ishbaal: Saul's son, 45 in, 232; and the Maccabiah Games, Ishmael: Abraham's son, II, 17; and Islam, 235; and a Hungarian-born 114 humourist, 236; its path to Ishmaelites:Joseph sold to, 17 independence, 241--9; makes peace Islam (Muslims): and Adam's third son, 7; with Egypt (1979),246; mass and Ishmael, II, 14; and Rachel, 16; immigration to (after 1948),25°, and Babylonia, 110; and Palestine, 255-6; its wars, 251, 277, 300-301; 112-5,116,117,133; and Spain, 118; peacemaking efforts of, 251; and tolerance and intolerance of, 119-20; the Jews of the Soviet Union, and the Balearic Islands, 124; and the 252-3; and the Jews of Syria, 253; 422 Index

Israel (State of) (continued): Issachar: one ofJacob's sons, 16; tribe of, Jews reach, from Egypt, 255; a Nobel 49 Prize winner in, 259; and the 'Jewish Isserles, Rabbi Moses: in Cracow, lSI, Olympics', 26I; and the Munich 319 Olympics, 262; its first Olympic Istanbul: xiii, 132; a lost opportunity in, medal, 262; its Jewish population 343 remains smaller than that of United 'It is not thy duty to complete the States, 265; continued immigration to work .. .': 335 (I990s), 267; and the Yizkor Italian language: and a rabbinical (memorial) service, 28I; visitors from, seminary, 164 welcomed by Jews in Moscow, 289; Italy:Jews in, ro8, 148; Christianity in, and the New Year for the Trees, 293; IIo;Jews reach, from Spain, 132; and tree-planting in, 293; Passover in, 294; the Jewish Enlightenment, 16I, 164; Hanukah in, 298; events in the emancipation in, 162-3, 168;Jewish calendar of, 300-303; Memorial Day traders in, 174;Jews active in struggle (Yom Ha-Zikaron) in, 300; Day of for independence in, 175;Jews of, Independence (Yom Ha-Atzmaut) in, fight in First World War, 199, 20I; an 301-2; its two Chief Rabbis, 309; airship pioneer from, 200; rejects Pope John Paul II visits, 309; a kosher German demands, 220; a Jewish McDonalds in, 322; Bar Mitzvah partisan in, killed, 220;Jewish soldiers journeys to, 332; and a colourful fight in, 22I; a refugee from, wins skullcap, 338; Iranian Jews accused of Nobel Prize, 265; and the Day of spying for, 339; and the symbol of the Atonement, 279; Rabbi Abraham menorah, 34I; archaeology in, and a Abulafia in, 324 mikveh, 344; and ReformJudaism, Ithamar:Aaron's son, 30 347; visitors to Alaska from, 362 Ituraeans: conquered, 83 Israel ben Eliezer: see index entry Ba'al Itzig, David: a 'Court Jew', 162 ShemTov Izmailovsky Guards: a Jewish parallel to, Israeli Embassy (Delhi): and a Holocaust 166 Memorial Day, 371-2 Izmir: ISS Israeli War ofIndependence (I948-9): Izraelovsky Regiment: a Jewish military 134, 235, 302; Memorial Day for the force, 166 fallen of, 30I Israelites: the descendants ofJacob, 16; in Jabin, King of Canaan: 34 the wilderness, 25, 26; reach Canaan, Jabotinsky,Vladimir: and the Zion Mule 32; ruled by Judges, 33-4; in their own Corps, 203 land, 34-5; and the Philistines, 35-6; Jacob: Isaac's son, 15-6, 17, 19, 20; no ruled by kings, 36-70; and King 'iniquity' in, 29; and the Promised David, 39, 4I; divisions among, Land, 32; 'mercy' on descendants of, 45 63; and the Jews of China, 138; and Index 42 3

the Jewish New Year liturgy, 274; a Japan: and aJewish exile, 58; and a special guest, 286; and Haman's 'ears', Soviet-Jewish general, 209-10; in 3 I 3; and gematria, 323, 324; and Second World War, 22 I , 223 mourning, 335 Japheth: Noah's son, 8 Jacob, Lieutenant-General J.ER.: Jarama: 210 Governor of the Punjab, 372-3 Jason: a High Priest, 76, 79 Jacobs, Rabbi Louis: his comment on Jebus (a city): captured, 40 the Book ofJonah, 281; his comment : in Canaan, 33; and Jerusalem, on the Babylonian Talmud, 318; and 40 gematria, 325; and God's incomplete Jedda (Red Sea): and Jewish traders, 135 world, 331 Jedwabne (Poland): massacre in (1941), Jacques ofVerona: a Christian visitor to 149 the Holy Land, 133 Jehoahaz Gehu's successor): becomes Jael: a Kenite, 34, 299 King, 57 Jaffa: captured by the Maccabees, 82; Jehoahaz Gosiah's son): becomes King land purchased at, for the Jews, 183; (for three months), 67 school founded near, 184;Jewish Jehoash, King: his rule, 57 pioneers reach, 188; batde for, 248; Jehoiachin: becomes King, 68; in Jonah sails from, 280 Babylonian captivity, 71 Jagello, Casimir: 150 Jehoiakim: becomes King, 67; dies, 68 Jains: and the Inter-Faith Network (in Jehoram Gehoshaphat's son): 50; his rule, Britain), 269 51; killed, 56 Jair: rules Israelites, 34 Jehoshaphat, King: his rule, 50-I; 56 Jakobovits, Chief Rabbi Immanuel: and Jehu: to become King, 55; his rule, 57 medical ethics, 265; a refugee from Jerash Gordan): an ancient synagogue in, Nazi Germany, 309 30 4 Jakobovits, Rabbi Shlomo: writes about Jerba Island (Tunisia): anti-Jewish riots Purim, 314 in, 180 Jamaica: Jews from, fight in First World Jeremiah, Book of: and 'Israel's Hope', War, 202; a Jewish civil servant in, 184; and 'the beasts are fled', 323 265 Jeremiah, the Prophet: 16,68; in exile, James Gesus' brother): stoned to death, 93 71-2,74; and the violation of the James I, King ofAragon: and the Jews, Sabbath, 353-4 125 Jericho: Israelites reach, 32, 33; Zedekiah James III, King ofAragon: helps Jews, captured in, 69; a drowning in 86; 125 Herod rules, 87, 88; a synagogue in, Jammu and Kashmir: xv III Janner, Lord (Greville Janner): heads Jeroboam: bcomes King, 47; extent of Commonwealth Jewish Council, rule of, 47,48-9; his male descendants 373 killed, 49 424 Index

Jerusalem: and Rachel's Tomb, 16; and girls' school in, 184; Rabbi Alkalai the Song of Moses, 25; becomes settles in, 184; and Frankfurt, 187; new David's capital, 40; and Gezer, 43; and quarters of (from 1871), 188;'shall the the Queen of Sheba, 44; silver in, 45; Jews possess her?', 190; and the end of pagan gods worshipped near, 45-6; Turkish rule, 198,204; Rabin born in, and divisions among the Israelites, 46, 203; Eichmann's trial in, 213; a Second 48-9; attacked, 47-8, 49,51; King World War memorial in, 221; a Jehoash in, 57; Passover in, 61; 'great settlement south of, re-founded, 225; a joy' in, 62; pagan worship in, 62; letter to Gandhi from, 240; a United fortified, 62-3; besieged, 64; idol Nations plan for the future of, 244, worship in, 65; Biblical texts brought 245; besieged, 246-7; Herzl re-intered to, 66; to be destroyed, 67; pillaged, 68; in, 250-1, 301; a journey from, for a destroyed, 69;'IfI forget thee .. .', 70;'a Nobel Prize ceremony, 260; a victim widow', 71; and the Pilgrim Festivals, of terror in, 263; 'Next Year in', 282; 72,74; rebuilt, 72; conquerors of,74-5; and the festival of Passover, 294, 295; and Antiochus IV, 79; Hasmoneans and the festival of Hanukah, 298; leave, 80; Hasmoneans capture, 82; synagogues built on an axis facing, Herod escapes from, 85; Herod rules 304; a prayer for the rebuilding of, from, 86; Herod's buildings in, 88; 305; Pope John Paul II visits, 309; the Jesus in, 91,92; the early Christian Bet Din (House of Law) in, in Temple church in, 93; Peter in, 94; a Holy City times, 309; a scholar in, translates the for Jews in the Diaspora, 95; a Jewish Talmud, 318; and 'the happy sound of revolt in, 96;Jews revolt in, again, 99; bridegrooms', 333; and the burial Roman legions in, 103; farmers travel service, 336; and a memorial service to, 105; Roman troops at, 106; 'the for Yitzhak Rabin, 337; an artistic beauty of', 107; 'the holy community' academy in (since 1906),340; and the in, 107; and Christianity, IIO; and 'tree of knowledge', 341; a Second Jewish autonomy, III; and Mecca, II3; Temple mikveh in, 344; and the under Islam, II4, II6, II7; a rabbinical Sabbath, 348; and the violation of the academy in, II6; Maimonides in, 127; Sabbath, 354; its 'heavenly' and the Crusaders, 129; 'Joy of the manifestation, 357; its 'earthly' World', 129; devastated by the Tartars, possibilities, 357; news of the death of 131;Jews in (in 1335),132-3; a rabbi in, reaches Alaska, 360 synagogues in (from 1512), 133-4;jews Jerusalem (Moses Mendelssohn): 161 in (in 1486),134; and a false Messiah, Jerusalem Book Fair: 106 147, 155; anti-Jewish measures in Jerusalem Day: celebrated in Israel (since (1720,1775),157; Napoleon'S pledge 1967),303 concerning (1799), 163; North African Jerusalem Hills: a Jewish stronghold in, Jews in (1843), 180; Muslims in, seek 99 to restrict Jewish entry, 181 ;Jewish 'Jerusalem of ' (Vilna): 159 land purchase at, 183,232; a Jewish Jerusalem Talmud: 109, 120,315,329,351 Index

Jesuits: report on Jews of China, 136, Jewish Free School (Berlin): and the 137-8,139 Jewish Enlightenment, 161 Jesus: and the Biblical chronology, 9; and 'Jewish Geography': and Alaska, 361 Elijah, 54;'the son of Man', 91-3; and Jewish Matriarchs: 16 Mohammed, 113; and a medieval 'Jewish mother': 'I cannot help it', 373 disputation, 131; and a charge against Jewish-Muslim dialogue: a rabbi Nahmanides, 131; and Martin Luther's encourages, II hostility to Jews, 151-2; a descendant Jewish mysticism: flourishes, 133 of Ruth, 284; his Last Supper, and Jewish National Council (Palestine): and Passover, 297; his preaching in self-defence, 246 synagogues, 304; and the Monastery Jewish National Fund: plants trees, 292 of the Cross (Jerusalem), 341 Jewish National Home (in Palestine): an Jethro (a priest of Midian): 21 early supporter of, 146, 188; in 'Jew, go to Palestine!': a frequent cry, 194 prospect, 198-9; promised, 203-4, 242; Jewburg' (Johannesburg): 230 're-created', 248; its facilitators Jewish Academy (Cordoba): 118 honoured with forests, 290-1 Jewish Agency (for Palestine): accepts a Jewish New Year (): 13, 'mini' Jewish State, 245; denounces 74,273-6; and the Day ofAtonement, Jewish reprisals, 247 275; and the Yizkor (memorial) prayer, Jewish Brigade Group: fights in Italy, 222 306; and the mitzvot, 327; and a Jewish calendar: 3 walrus-tusk greeting card, 359; in Jewish Christians': 93 Alaska, 362 Jewish Chronicle: and the Jews ofIndia, 'Jewish Olympics' (Maccabiah Games): 142; and 'a strong guard ofJews' in held every four years, 261 Palestine, 183; an article by Gandhi in, Jewish People's University (St 241 Petersburg): 226 Jewish Colonization Society of New Jewish Quarter (ofJerusalem): and the York: activities of, 175 Crusaders, 129 Jewish Council: in Lvov,215 Jewish Science': a nineteenth-century Jewish Daily Forward: a Yiddish writer in, movement, 345 wins Nobel Prize, 260; see also index Jewish State (Israel): 16,60; Lubavitcher entry, Forward Rebbe and, 159; Herzl favours, 170; Jewish demography: 363 and the Hebrew language, 190; 'we are Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah): and insane together', 193; 'founded' (1897), Hasidism, 158-9; and the Gaon of 198; in prospect (1917),204; Vilna, 160; its origins and growth, proclaimed (1948), 248;for subsequent 160-3, 164; a reversal for, 170; and index entries see Israel, State of , 171; and Jewish Jewish State, The (Herzl): 193-4 worship, 345 Jewish Teachers' College (Vienna): a Jewish Fighting Organization (German­ historian at, 227 occupied Poland): 218 Jewish War, The (Josephus): 97 42 6 Index

Jewish VVily, The: Living with the Holidays Johnson, Paul: his reflections on the (Irving Greenberg): 357 Jews, 228 Jewish weddings: 15, 333 Johnson, President Lyndon B.: 360 Jewish Welfare Association (New Delhi): Joint Israel Appeal (Britain): helps Jews 144 leave Chechenya for Israel, 267 Jewish Wisdom Goseph Telushkin): 328 Jonah, the Prophet: and the Day of Jews: their ancestor, 14 Atonement, 280-1 Jews of Gallipoli, The (Harvey Sarner): 202 Jonathan: Saul's son, 38 Jews of Hope, The (Martin Gilbert): 289 Jonathan the Maccabee: his conquests, 'Jews on the move': 144 82 Jezebel: marries Ahab, 52; causes offence, Joppa: see index entry Jaffa 52-3; Elijah flees from, 55; her fate, Jordan: under Islam, II7;for subsequent 56-7 index entries, see Transjordan Jezreel Plain: and Armageddon, 44; and Jordan, Kingdom of (since 1948): 57, 250; the fate ofJezebel, 56; captured, 58; a and the Six-Day War (I967), 252; an religious academy in, I03; a mosaic ancient synagogue in, 304 discovered in, I05;Jewish land in, I07; Jordan River: 29, 3I, 32, 45,50,53, 9I, aJewish geographer in, 133 129 Jhirad, David: a friendship with, 144 JordanValley:Jews of, III, II6 Jhirad, Elijah Ephraim: a distinguished Joselewicz, Berek: fights for Napoleon, Indian Jew, 144 163 Jhirad,Jean: and 'the intense discussions Joseph: one ofJacob's sons, 17; in Egypt, of idealistic youth', 144 I7--9;Jacob mourns for, 335 Joab: an Israelite commander, 4I, 42 Joseph II, Emperor ofAustria: restricts Job: mourns for his children, 335 Yiddish, 162 Jochebed: Moses' mother, 20 Josephus: and the rule ofJohn Hyrcanus, Johanan ben Zakkai: persuades the 82; and the Zealots of Masada, 97; and Romans, 98; and 'deeds ofloving­ the festival of Passover, 294 kindness', 98; and the mitzvot, 326 Joshua, Book of 72, 228 Johannesburg: 'Jewburg', 23I; Gandhi's Joshua, High Priest: 26, 33 Jewish friends in, 239 Joshua: the Hebrew name for Jesus, 91 John XXII, Pope: overruled, 125 Josiah: becomes King (aged eight), 66; John XXIII, Pope: intercedes, 94 warned, 67; killed, 67 John Hyrcanus I: a Hasmonean ruler, 82; Journey to Jerusalem (Martin Kabtanik): his son uses title of King, 83 133 John Paul II, Pope: his gesture of Judaea: 47; ruled by Persia, 72; ruled by reconciliation, 89; the fate of a Jew Egypt, 74; and the Hasmoneans, 75, from his home town, 215; in Israel, 79-85; and the Seleucids, 79; and 309; his intercession sought, 339 Herod, 85; and Jesus, 9I; and Peter, 94; John the Baptist: baptizes Jesus, 9I; and Jewish revolt in, 99; its name the Jews of China, 138 expunged, IOo;Jews remain in, III; Index 42 7

and the Crusades, 129; Ruth insists on Ka'aba: in Mecca, 11-2 returning to, 282 Kabbalah: and Cain and Abel, 6-7; and a Judaea capta ('Judaea enslaved'): an Hasidic sage, 156; and the Jewish exultant coin, 96 mystics, 286, 319; and an exponent of Judaean hills: 90; land purchased by Jews gematria, 325 in, 187 Kabtanik, Martin: a Christian pilgrim, Judaean mountains: 29, 47 133 Judah: one ofJacob's sons, 16, 17, 19; and Kabul: an explorer reaches, 236 N ahshon, 24; and David, 38; 'cheerful Kaddish (the memorial prayer for the feasts' for the House of, 291; and 'the dead): 306-7, 336,337 voice of gladness', 333 Kaifeng (China):Jews of, 137-40, 142 Judah: Jesus' brother, his grandsons in Kairouan (Tunisia): a Jewish religious Galilee, 93 academy in, 118 Judah Bar Ilai, Rabbi: and gematria, 323 Kaldor, Nicholas: 'I had no idea he was Judah ha-Nasi: his leadership, 103-4; his Jewish', 371 work, 107; and the , 317 Kalischer, Rabbi Hirsch: seeks Jewish : his longing for Jerusalem, return to Land ofIsrael, 183-4 130; and the mitzvot, 326; and the Kalisz (Poland):Jews protected in, 150 Sabbath, 355 Kallenbach, Hermann: his friendship Judah the Maccabee: and the revolt of with Gandhi, 238, 240 the Maccabees, 80, 82 Kamenets-Podolsk (Ukraine): killings in, Judah the Pious: and the Kol Nidrei 228-9,231 prayer, 278 Kampleman, Max: a distinguished 'Judah-ites': and the Jews, 48 negotiator, 266 Judapest': Budapest known as, 230 Kantorovich, Lev: killed in action, Judas: an apostle, 92 221 Judgement Day': the Jewish New Year, Karkar (Syria): battle at, 56 13,273 Karlsbad spa: and the Jews, 363 Judges: rule over Israelites, 33-4, 37; in Karman, Theodore von: and the first the era of the Hebrew kings, 50 helicopter flight, 200; and jet Judges, Book of 72 propulsion research, 223 Judith: and the Jews of China, 138; her Kashmir:Auntie Fori heads family skilful ruse, 296 planning association in, 371 Juneau (Alaska):Jews of, 360, 362; kashrut (dietary laws): see index entry declines to take Jewish refugees, 363; a kosher, laws of survivor of the Holocaust in, 363 Kasyuk, Dmitri: visits Alaska, 362 justice: 9, 14, 50 Kattowitz (Upper Silesia): Lovers of Justin I, Emperor: and a Jewish mosaic, Zion meet in, 188 105 Katy (a HungarianJewish girl): survives, Justinian, Emperor: and religious and escapes, 369-70 persecution, II I Katz, Dovid: teaches Yiddish, 172 428 Index

Kaye, Danny (David Kaminsky): stars, King qf Flesh and Blood, The (Moshe 224; at a Nobel Prize ceremony, 26I Shamir): 85 'keep my tongue from evil...': 328 'King of Kings': and a false Messiah, I55 Keleti,Agnes: her Olympic gold medals, Kingdom of Israel: created, 47; and the 234-5 Kingdom ofJudah, 49,50, 5I; and the Kenai Peninsula (Alaska):Jews in, 360, Phoenicians, 52; and Elijah, 55; danger 362 ,363 to, 55-6; pays tribute, 56-7; attacked Kenite woman, a: and the death of and overrun, 58-9 Sisera,34 Kingdom ofJudah: created, 47-8; ruled, Kerala (India): the Jews of, I4I 47-8,49, 5I; danger to, 55-6;Jews Keturah:Abraham's wife, I4 dispersed from, 59; and King Heze­ Keysor, Private Leonard: wins Victoria kiah, 60-65; destruction of, 67-70; and Cross, 202 the second Diaspora, 70-I, 72 Kfar Blum (Palestine): founded, 225 Kingdom of the Franks: and Jewish Kfar Etzion (Palestine): abandoned, and traders, I35 re-founded, 225-6; battle for, 248 Kings, Book of: 66, 72, I32 Kfar Nahum: see index entry Capernaum kippa (scullcap): worn at prayer, 338 KGB: prevents a commemoration, 253; Kishon River: a battle at, 34 keeps a careful watch, 289 Kissinger, Henry: becomes Secretary of Khanfu (China):Jews massacred in, I36 State, 266 Kharkov (Ukraine): and Jews en route to kittel (a white robe): and the Day of Palestine, I86 Atonement, 279 Khazar kingdom: and the Jews, I46, I47, Klein, Emma: an Anglo-Jewish writer, I48; and a false Messiah, I48 I44 Kherson (Ukraine):Jews in, I65 Klug, Francesca: and the suffering of Khyber Pass: xiv minorities, 267-8 kiddush (blessing): and the Sabbath, 349 Knesset, the: Israel's parliament, 304 Kidron Brook (Galilee): pagan priests Koestler,Arthur: in Spain, sentenced to killed at, 55 death, 209; and a book by a fellow­ Kidron Valley (Jerusalem): and David's Hungarian, 236 city, 40; and Hezekiah, 62; idols cast Kol Nidrei prayer, 278, 308 into, 66 Kolet, Ezra: an Indian Jewish civil Kiev:Jews of, I46, I47;Jews expelled servant, I44, 373 from, I67; a commemoration at, 253-4 Kolzum (Egypt):Jewish traders at, I36 'Kill a Turk .. .': I65 Konigsberg (East Prussia): a Hebrew­ :Jewish child refugees language monthly in, I63; a refugee of, in Britain, 208-<) from, becomes Chief Rabbi, 309 King, Martin Luther: a rabbi introduces, Konkan coast (India):Jews of, I4I 259 Korah: his rebellion, 28 KingJames Bible: 3, 30I-2, 3I5 Koran, the: II2, II3, II4; and a plea to King Lear (Shakespeare): in Yiddish, 224 Tipu Sultan, I42; and the Midrash, 3I8 Index 42 9

Korazim (Palestine):Jews of, 134 Lady in the Dark (film): Danny Kaye in, Korbel,Arnost: murdered, 266 224 Korda, Alexander: a filmmaker, 231 ladybirds: and Moses, 21 kosher, laws of (kashrut): and Islam, 113; Lafer, Horacio: Foreign Minister of for Passover, 294-5; at Hanukah, 297; Brazil, 265 and the rabbinical courts, 309; an Lamentations, Book of: recited, 290, 291, examination of, 321-2; and a banquet 347 in Cincinatti, 346 Land ofIsrael: the name given to Kosovo: help for, 268 Canaan, 16; and the Hebrew kings, 37; Koufax, Sandy: a baseball star, 262 and Roman rule, 98; and the Kovner,Aba: a partisan, 218 Diaspora, 102-3, 106; and Galilee, 103; Kracower, Bella: a pharmacist, 359 and a mosaic, 105; and Christianity, Kracower,Yetta and Isaac: in Alaska, 110-I; and the Crusades, 129-30; 359 Judah Halevi reaches, 130; and Kraushaar, Rafal: fights for Poland Hasidism, 157; and nineteenth-century (1863),175 precursors of Zionism, 182-3; and the Kreiser, GeneralJacob: his successful 'victory ofJudaism' (1947), 246; and action, 221; his successful career, 253 the New Year for the Trees, 290; the Kremenchug (Ukraine): and Jews en first printed map of (1695), 294; and route to Palestine, 186 the Sabbath, 354, 358 ('Night of Broken Glass'): Land ifPromise, The (Charles Warren): destruction during, 208; and 'a 185 justifiable war', 240-1; and non­ Landau, Lev: wins Lenin, Stalin and violence, 241 Nobel prizes, 260 Krivoshein, General: fights in Spain, and Language Association Gerusalem): and against Germany, 211 spoken Hebrew, 191 kugel: a Sabbath dish, 356 Laskin, Borah: ChiefJustice of Canada, Kun, Bela: a revolutionary, 30, 209-10, 264 231,368 Last Supper: and Passover, 297 Kurdistan: a false Messiah in, 148 Latin: Rashi translated into, 122; Kurds: xiii Maimonides translated into, 127 Kutner, Luis: and Amnesty International, latkes: fried potato cakes, 299, 300 25 8 Latvia: and the Holocaust, 213, 226 Kuwait: and Palestine, 244 Lau, Chief Rabbi Israel: a survivor of the Holocaust, 309; receives Pope John Laban Gacob's uncle): 16,324 Paul II, 309 Lachish: a fortified city, 64 Lau, Naphtali: protects his younger Ladislaus II, King (of Poland): praises a brother, 309 Jew, 150 Lauder, Ronald: his work in Eastern Lady Hamilton (film): its Hungarian­ Europe, 269 born producer, 231 Law of Return (Israel): xvii, 59-60 43 0 Index

Lawson, Nigel: born Jewish, 205 285; and a fallow year, for fields, 293; Lazarus: and Jesus, 54 and the Five Books of Moses, 315; and League of Nations: and the evolution of forbidden foods, 321; and cleanliness, the Genocide Convention, 258 343; and the Sabbath, 348 League of the Rights of Man: founded Levontin, Zalman David: sets off for by a Jew, 257 Palestine, 186 Leah:Jacob's wife, 16 Lewis, David: leads a Canadian political Lebanon: 40, 43, 64; and the emergence Party, 264-5 ofIsrael, 248; its fruit praised, 336 Lewis, Stephen: a Canadian ambassador, Legion d'Honneur: a Jew wins, 163 265 Lemberg: see index entry Lvov Liberal Synagogues: 308; styles of Lemkin, Raphael: and the Genocide worship in, 345 Convention, 257-8 : an army from, 50;Jewish revolt in, Lend-Lease: a supporter of, 358 99; punitive taxation in, 180;Jews Lenin,V I.: his Jewish grandfather, 168; murdered in, 255 withdraws Russia from the war, 204 lice, plague of 22 Lenin Prize: a Jewish woman wins, 253; Lichtenbaum, Naftali: does not survive, and a Nobel prizewinner, 260 215 Leningrad: 'refuseniks' in, 289 Lieberman, Helise: teaches, in Warsaw, Leon, Master: put to death, 150 269 Leon de Modena: criticizes gematria, Liebeskind, Rivka: fights, and survives, 32 5 218 leprosy: and God's 'wry humour', 28-9 Lincoln, President Abraham: revokes an Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim: and the anti-Jewish measure, 177 Jewish Enlightenment, 161 Lindsay, Lord: wants the Jews in 'their Levi: one ofJacob's sons, 16, 17; his native land', 183 grandson (Moses), 20--1; the Tribe of, Lisbon: a Jew burnt at the stake in, 173 and a revolt, 28 Lithuania:Jews of, 149, 150; and the Levi, Benjamin: raises Stars and Stripes, Chmielnicki massacres, 154-5; a 359 refugee from, 156; Hasidism in, 160; in Levi-Montalcini, Rita: wins Nobel Tsarist Russia, 165, 166;Yiddish in, Prize, 266 171-2; Ben-Yehuda born in, 190; an Levin, Sergeant Meyer: launches bombs, American union leader born in, 199; 221 and the Holocaust, 213; and South Levine, Israel, 206 African Jewry, 259; and cholent, 356; Levites: their 'stiff neck', 3 I; their services Jews from, in Alaska, 358, 360 dispensed with, 49; and Hezekiah's Littman, David: his researches, 181 Passover, 62; and Reading the Law, Litwak, Lydia: a pilot, killed in action, 306 221 Leviticus, Book of: 28, 67; and the Day Liverpool (Britain): and Responsa ofAtonement, 277-8; and Sukkot, literature, 319 Index 431

Lockerbie air disaster: a Jewish victim of, Lubavitch Hassids: 159-60,224-5,296; 336 in Alaska, 362 locusts, plague of: 22 Lubavitcher Rebbe: see index entry Lodz (Poland): the fate of a surgeon Schneersohn, Menachem Mendel from,216 Liibeck:Jews of, emancipated, 163 Lodz Ghetto: 212 Lublin: a history of the Jews of, 227 Loew, Rabbi Judah (of Prague): and the Lubyanka Prison (Moscow): and Raoul golem, 154 Wallenberg, 232 London (England): B. K. Nehru in, xv; Lucena: a Jewish religious academy in, the Jews of, 60, 109;Auntie Fori in, 1I8 104; a synagogue in, 168;Yiddish in, Lueger, Karl: a public anti-Semite, 193 171; pro-Jewish protests in, 180;Ahad Luftspring, Sammy: a boxing champion, Ha-Am in, 191; the discoverer of 262 vitamins researches in, 199; a Victoria Luria, Rabbi Isaac: introduces a new Cross winner born in, 201; a soldier custom, 286; and the New Year for the from, in Germany, 222; and a Jewish Trees, 292 heroine, 223; and a Hungarian-Jewish Lustiger, Cardinal Jean-Marie: a convert, gold medalist, 233; and aJewish 205 supporter of Gandhi, 238; a theatre in, Luther, Martin: and the Jews, 152-3 restored, 267; a worker for minorities Luzzato, Rabbi Samuel David (the in, 267;World Ort Union in, 268; the Shadal): supports Italian festival ofHanukah in, 298; a Risorgimento, 175 Holocaust memorial in, 302; Lvov: a Jewish customs-holder in, 150; a synagogues in, 304; a wager in, about a synagogue in, 151; two murders in, 2 15; possible Messiah, 325 Jews saved in, 219-20; a historian from, London Olympics (1908, 1948): gold survives in hiding, 226; a historian of, medals won by Hungarian Jews at, perishes, 227; a law student in, defines 234,235 Genocide, 257-8; gematria in, 325 Los Alamos (New Mexico): and the Lyady: a Hasidic leader born in, 159 atom bomb, 223 Lydda: conquered, 82;Jews encouraged Los Angeles (California): Dodgers in, to live in, 107 262; and the Simon Wiesenthal Lyon: and the Maccabean Martyrs, 80; Centre, 269 and the Jews of the Roman Empire, Lot:Abraham's nephew, 12,323 109 Loussac, Zak: in Alaska, 360 Lovers of Zion: and Palestine, 171, 186, 'Maccabean Martyrs': 80, 84 187,188; a conference of, 187; Maccabeans: 'will rise again', 193; and criticized, 191; their skepticism the festival of Hanukah, 298; and the overcome, 197 Sabbath,354 Lubavitch (White Russia): a Hasidic Maccabiah Games: special performances court in, 160 at, 235; the 'Jewish Olympics', 261-2 432 Index

McCarthy, Senator Joe: his witch hunt, Majorca:Jews of, 124-7 267 makhzor: prayer book for the High MacDonald, Lyn: takes a photograph on Holy Days, 338 Gallipoli, 203 Malachi, Prophet: and Mohammed, II3; McDonalds: on the road to Jerusalem, and divorce, 333 322 Malaysia: photographs of, 361 Machine Gun Corps:Jews in, 202 Malcolm, Neil: my friend, xiv, 236 Macy's (New York): and the Straus Malta:Jews in, 96; a ship torpedoed on family, 175-6 the way to, 221 Madonna and Child: and the Jews of Manasseh: one ofJacob's sons, 19; and China, 138 the Jews of China, 138 Madrid: defence of (1936),210; fall of Manasseh, King: his rule, 65-6 (1939),240 Manchester Guardian: a correspondent of, Magalaya: xv 165 Magen David: see index entry Star of Mandel, Izaak: murdered, 215 David Mandela, Nelson: supported by'batding Maggid, the: a wandering preacher, 308 rabbis', 259 Magids, Sam and Boris: in Alaska, 360 Manipur:xv Magyars: and the Khazars, 147 mankind: the Jewish 'legacy' to, 362 Mahler, Gustav: converts, 205 manna: in the Wilderness, 26, 346, 352-3, Mahlon: marries Ruth, 284 355 Mahratti language: a Jewish prayer book Mantua (Italy), a Hagaddah from, 296; in, 142 the Zohar printed in, 319 Maimonides: and Saadiah Gaon, II6; his Manusiewicz, Chaja: killed while life and work, 127-9; and Rabbi fighting, 216 Moses Isserles, 151; 'Look well to your Mar Bar Ravina: and the Amidah souls ... ', 275; and the plight of the prayers, 305, 328 poor, 286; and the immutability of the Mar Samuel: his words of atonement, 278 Torah, 316; and the mitzvot, 326; and 'March of the One Thousand' cleanliness, 343, 344; and the Sabbath, (Garibaldi):Jews on, 174 355 Mariamne: marries Herod, 85; killed by Maimonides, David: drowns on way to Herod, 86, 87 India, 127 Marienbad spa: and the Jews, 363 Maimonides Foundation: seeks closer Mark Antony: Herod befriends, 86 Jewish-Muslim relations, 269 Markrom, Henry: visits Alaska, 362 : a Talmudic academy in, 121; a Marrakech (Morocco):Jews murdered Christian from, visits the Holy Land, in, 180 134; restrictions on Jews ended in, 163 Marranos (,secret Jews'): 173 Majdanek concentration camp: 224 marriage: 332-4; between Jews and non­ Major,John: and a Jewish Cabinet Jews, 73; and the wedding ceremony, Minister, 264 333; and modern life, 364 Index 433

Marseille:Jews in, 109; synagogues in, Medina (Yathrib): Mohammed flees to, I23 ;Jews from, in Majorca, I24 II2-3;Jews of, disappoint Moham­ Martin, Ralph G.: a combat reporter, med, II4;Jews expelled from, II5, 224 I45; 'secret' Jews on pilgrimage to, Martin, Sylvia Wene: her world record at 179-80 bowling, 262 Mediterranean Sea: 9, 24, 32, 35, 44, 47, Martyrdom ofJewish Physicians in Poland, 52,54,56,59, II8; a small State on the The: a treasured possession, 2I5-6 eastern shore of, 249 Marx, Heinrich (Hirschel): becomes a Medzibozh (Poland):Jews of, escape Lutheran, 206 destruction,3I4 Marx, Karl: converts to Christianity, 170; Megiddo (Armageddon): and Solomon, denounces all religion, 206 44,45; destroyed, 58;Josiah killed at, Mary: the Greek name for Miriam, 9I 67 Masada: Herod's palace on, 88;Jewish 'Mehmet Effendi': a false Messiah, as a revolt on, 97; an ancient synagogue Muslim, I55 on, 304; Bar Mitzvah journeys to, 332; Meir, Golda: and the emergence of ruins at, 344 Israel,249 Mason,Jackie: rabbi, and humorist, 266 Meir, Rabbi: and the Emperor Nero, 100 Massachusetts: 32; a rabbi from, conducts Melbourne Olympics (I956): and a services in Alaska, 362 triple gold medallist, 234 Massacre of the Innocents: by Herod, 87 Melofsky, Harold: killed in action, in Mattathias: a priest, 76; and the Spain, 209 Hasmonean revolt, 80-I Memi,Albert: witnesses 'contempt and Matteo, Father: and the Jews of China, cruelty', 256 I3 8 Memorial Book (of the Jews of China): matza (unleavened bread): in Egypt, 23; I3 8--<) at Passover, 294 Memorial Day (Yom Ha-Zikaron): in Mauthausen concentration camp: 233 Israel,300-30I 'May Laws' (I882): repressive, I67 Menachem (an alchemist): in the Mayer, Rene: a French Prime Minister, Balearics, 125 263 Menachem ben-Dugi: in Khazaria, I48 Mea Shearim (Hundred Gates): a Jewish Menachem, King: pays tribute, 57-8 quarter ofJerusalem, I88 Menahem Mendel ofVitebsk: I57, I60 Mecca: II, II2, II3, II4;Jews expelled Mendele Mocher Sforim: and the' cow from, II5;'secret'Jews on pilgrimage of Moses', 2I to, 179-80 Mendelssohn, Moses: and the Jewish Mecklenburg:Jews of, emancipated, I63 Enlightenment, I6I; andYiddish, I62; Medaille Militaire: a Jewish winner of, and Hebrew, I62; his daughters' I99 conversion, 204 Medea (Persia):Jews deported to, 59 Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix: a medical ethics:Jewish aspects of,265 Christian, 204-5 434 Index

Mendes-France, Pierre: a French Prime Michal (Saul's daughter): David marries, Minister, 263 38 Menelaus: becomes High Priest, 76 Michelangelo: and Moses's horns, 28 menorah (candelabrum): 298, 340-1 Midian: Moses flees to, 21 Menorah: an illustrated magazine, 341 Midianites: and a final battle, 30 MenorahJournal: and Jewish Midrash: 318 humanitarianism, 341 Mietkiewicz, Mark: and Hanukah Web mercy: one ofAbraham's guests, IS; sites, 299-300 shown to Joseph, 17 Mikes, George: a humorist, 236 Merueptah, Pharaoh: 20, 21 Mikhoels, Solomon: and the Second Meshed (Persia): forcible conversion in, World War, 224; murdered, 253 179-80; and the attraction of mikveh (ritual bath): 343-4 Palestine, 181 Mikveh Israel (,Israel's Hope'): an Mesopotamia: Abraham in, 9, IO;Jews agricultural school, 184, 188 dispersed to, 72;Jews in, revolt, 99; Milcom (a pagan god): 45 conquered by Islam, u4;Jews of, milk: and Abraham's visitors, 14; and under Muslim rule, US; and the early Hanukah, 299; not to be eaten with liturgy, 338 meat, 321-2 Messiah, the: and Adam's son Seth, 7;'May 'milk and honey': land of, and God's you live till ... ', 32; expected, 42; and promise, 2I; and a revolt, 28, and the Elijah, 54, 55; and Jesus, 9I, 92, 93; and Torah,299 Bar Kochba, IOo;'I believe in perfect Milk and Honey (George Mikes): 236 faith'in the coming of, I02; awaited, Milwaukee (Wisconsin): Gimbel Iu;claimed, 147, 160; to be descended brothers in, 176 from a convert to Judaism, 282; and the Mimi (a housekeeper): saves Auntie fast of the Ninth ofAv, 29I; a prayer for Fori's father, 369 deliverance by, 305; and the Zohar, 319; 'Minnie': a Jewish heroine, 222 a wager concerning, 325; and gematria, Minorca (Balearic Islands):Jews of, 124, 325;and 'the kingdom of truth', 347; 125 and the Sabbath, 355, 357 Minsk (Byelorussia): 'refuseniks' in, 289 'Messiah', the: a baseball champion, 262 minyan (a quorum): 55, 329-30 Methuselah: his longevity, 7-8 miracles: and Psalms, 40; and Elijah, :Jews murdered in, 129 53-5; and Jesus, 91 Mexico: a music teacher in, 368 Mire, Gole: killed, 218 Meyer, Henry: farms near Chicago, 175 Miriam (Moses' sister): 2I, 28-g Mezoe, Ferenc: his Olympic gold medal, Mishnah: the Oral Law, compiled, I04, 234 I07; transcribed, 12I; and mezuzah: at the entrance of each home, Maimonides, 127; sages cited in, 317-8 29,72,342 Mishne Torah (,Review of the Law'): a Micah, Prophet: and the casting of sins comprehensive code, 128 in the water, 276 Miskolc (Hungary): the Jews of,228-g Index 435

Mississippi river:Jews settle along, 175 Montreal (Canada): recruits from, 203 Missouri School ofJournalism: a Mordecai: and the Jews of China, 138; graduate from, 223 and Purim, 312, 313, 314 Mitnagdim: opponents ofHasidism, 158 Morocco:Jews of, under Islam, 115, 120; mitzvot (good deeds, Divine Jews from, in Palestine, 117;Jews Commandments): 98, 324, 325-8 reach, from Spain, 132;America Mizoram:xv intervenes on behalf ofJews of, 177; Mizpeh: Israelites at, 36 Jews murdered in, 180, 181, 188,255; Moab: Israelite rule over, 51; overrun, 68; the 'Alliance' active in, 181;Jews flock becomes an ally, 69; Mahlon settles in, to Israel from, 250;Jews of, and 284 Passover, 297 Moab, King of: 29 Morrison, Herbert: and Palestine, 242 Moab, plains of: 29, 32 Mosconi,Judah: on Majorca, 125 Moabites: defeated, 40; their gods Moscow: a Jewish doctor in, put to worshipped, 45; independent, 48; death (1490), 150;Jews expelled from, attacked, 50; and Ruth, 284 168; a war memorial and museum in, Modena (Italy): a critic of gematria in, 222-3; a war correspondent in, 223-4; 32 5 a Communist revolutionary seeks Modi'in: Maccabees in, 81 refuge in, 231;Wallenberg imprisoned Mohammed: and the Jews, 112-4 in, 232; a journey to Kiev from, to Mohammed II, Sultan: liberates Jews, 132 protest, 253; a Jewish gathering in, 289 Mohr, George: makes his way to Alaska, Moses: xvii; and the Sabbath, 4; and Abel, 361 7; in Egypt, 20-4; his' cow', 2 I; in the Moise, Captain: in action, 175 Wilderness, 25-33; dies, 32; mourned, Molnar, Ferenc: his war reporting, 231 32-3; laws of, 33; and the Israelites, 37, Moloch (a pagan god): 5,45 43-4; and Ezra the Scribe, 73; and Monash, General John: an outstanding Rabbi Akiva, 101; and Judah ha-Nasi, military commander, 200 104; and Maimonides, 128; and the Monastery of the Cross Oerusalem): and Jews of China, 138; and Rabbi Moses a Temple mystery, 341 Isserles (the Rema), 151;and God's Mongols: and the Jews, 147, 148, 150 injunction 'Choose Life', 219; and the monotheism: 10 'Day of Revelation' ,283; a special Montefiore Houses: in Jerusalem, 184-5 guest, 286; his words recited, 285;his Montefiore, Bishop Hugh: born Jewish, name not mentioned in the Haggadah 205 (Passover recitation), 295; and Eisen­ Montefiore, Sir Moses: helps persecuted hower, 297; and the' eternal light' , Jews, 182; and Palestine, 182-3, 184-5; 304-5; 'our Teacher' (Rabbenu), 308; protests against a massacre in and the Torah, 315--6; and gematria, Morocco, 188--9; his death, 189--90; a 323; and the Divine Commandments, kinsman of, converts to Christianity, 326; and 'fringes' on prayer shawls, 205 338--9; and the menorah, 340; Index

Moses (Continued): 273; and a joyous festival, 283; and and the Divine Law, 346; and the Passover, 295; and the Divine Sabbath, 352-3; and the violation of Commandments, 326; and the Divine the Sabbath, 353, 354; God's promises Law, 346 to,365 Mount Zion: a Jewish community at Moses ben Chanoch: heads a religious foot of, I33 academy, 1I8 Munich (Bavaria): Passover celebrated Moses de Leon, Rabbi: and the Zohar, in,297 3I 9 Munich Olympics (I972): triumph and Moses Ha-Darshan, Rabbi: and tragedy at, 263 gematria, 324 music: and depression, 38 : his Day ofAtonement Muslim refugees: in Delhi (I947), I64 hymn,282 Muslims: see index entry Islam Moses Isserles, Rabbi (the Rema): Mussolini, Benito: a refugee from, wins praises Poland, I50; his code of Nobel Prize, 266 practice,3I9 mustard gas: and a Jewish pioneer, 20I Moses Sofer, Rabbi of Bratislava: and the My Glorious Brothers (Howard Fast): 85 immutability of the Torah, 3I6 Myers, Sir Michael: a prominent New Moses, Raphael J.: 'Would you honour Zealander, 264 me? Call me aJew', I77-8 Myers, Mordecai: leads a successful 'mother of the sorrows': I6 charge, I74 Motol (Tsarist Russia):Weizmann born in,17I Nadab (Aaron's son): incurs God's anger, Motza (outside Jerusalem): Romans 29 replace Jews at, ro6 Nadab Geroboam's son): his short reign, Mount Ararat: xiii, xiv, 8 49 Mount Carmel: and Elijah, 54; and the Nablus: see index entry Shechem Assyrians, 57; and the Hasmoneans, 83 Naboth: his death, 55 Mount Gilboa: deaths on, 38 Nagaland: xv Mount Herzl: a Second World War Nahmanides, Moses (the Ramban): memorial on, 222; Herzl re-interred debates, I30-I; travels to Palestine, on, 250-I; the National Military I3I; and gematria, 324; and a death­ Cemetery on, 30I; a Holocaust bed prayer, 334 memorial and museum near, 302 Nahshon: obeys Moses' command, 24 Mount Horeb: Elijah flees to, 55 Najjar family: converts who return to Mount Scopus: a massacre, on the way Judaism, I26 to, 247;Yitzhak Rabin speaks on, Naomi: Ruth's mother-in-law, 284 about the 'price of victory', 30I Naples: Abrabanel flees to, I32 : Israelites reach, 26; and the Naphtali: one ofJacob's sons, I7 Ten Commandments, 27; an echo of, Napoleon: and the Jews, I63-4, I65, I69; 36; and the Jewish New Year liturgy, and Haman's 'ears', 3I3 Index 437

Narbonne: a Jewish religious academy Nehemiah ben Hushiel: rules in in, II8; Rabbi Moses Ha-Darshan at, Jerusalem, II2 32 4 Nehemiah, Book of: 72, 74, 285 Nathan Nata Ben Solomon Spira, Nehru, Aditya: xiv, xvi-xvii Rabbi: an exponent of gematria, 325 Nehru, Akhil: benefits from a Nathan of Gaza: and a false Messiah, correspondence, 376 155 Nehru,Anil: xiv, xvi-xvii Nathan, Rabbi: leaves Babylonia for Nehru, Ashok: xiv, xvi-xvii; on his uncle Land ofIsrael, 107; his work and Joseph's survival, 369; and his mother's sayings, 107; and gematria, 323 return to Budapest, 370; attends a Nathan, the Prophet: his support Holocaust Memorial Day in Delhi, enlisted, 42 371-2 National and University Library Nehru, Braj Kumar (BK;"Uncle Biiiu"): (Jerusalem): 233 xiv-xv, 145; in Washington, 59, 172, National Conference on Religion and 205,259; Ilya Ehrenburg a guest of, Race (USA): a Jewish coordinator of, 224,371; meets Auntie Fori, 231, 259 368-9; his distinguished career, 370, National Economics Council (Soviet 371,373; his Jewish civil servant, 373; Union): 252 visits Alaska, 375-6 National Herald: an obituary in, 241 Nehru, Chand: 'Don't speak truth which Natko (a Polish Jew): granted salt mines, is hurtful', 371 150 Nehru, Fori (Mrs. B. K. Nehru; "Auntie Nazareth:Jesus from, 53,91; Christianity Fori"): her welcome, xiv-xv; reaches in, IIO ninety, xvi; her story, 367-'73 Nazi Germany: refugees from, 145,207; Nehru,Jawaharlal: xv, xvi, 241,370 revives 'Blood Libel', 180; erases Nehru, Rameshwari: a future mother­ Jewish names on First World War in-law, 368-9 memorials, 201; Hitler comes to Nehru family: 42, 368-9 power, 207-9; see also index entry Neilah service (at end of Day of Germany Atonement): 281-2 Near East (The Levant):Jewish traders Neo-Orthodoxy: and religious practice, in, 173 345 Nebuchadnezzar, King: his conquests, Nero, Emperor: 94; and Rabbi Meir, 100 68-'70; and Purim, 3II Netherlands: see index entry Holland N ebuzar-adan: burns down the Temple, Netter, Charles: an early Zionist, 184; 70 welcomes pioneers, 188 Negev Desert: to be part ofJewish State, Nevada (USA):Jews in, 179 245 New Amsterdam (later New York): Nehemiah: governs Judaea, 73; and welcomes Jews, 172;Jewish problems Jewish tradition, 73-4; and the in, 173 Sabbath,354 New Deal: a supporter of, 358 Index

New Delhi: xv;Jews in, 60; and aJewish Newport (Rhode Island): welcomes architect, 143; a good deed in, 327 Jews, 172; the Jews of, offered New Orleans (Louisiana): a peddler in, 'goodwill', 174 176 News Chronicle: 'Vicky's' cartoons in, 236 New Testament: and King David, 42; and 'Next Year in Jerusalem': 59, 102,282, King Herod, 87; and Jesus, 92; and 295; and the Sabbath, 357 Saul (later Paul), 93; and synagogues, Nicholas I, Tsar: and the Jews, 166-7 30 4 Nicholas II, Tsar: and the Jews, 168 New York: Jews in, 109, 177, 179; a Nile Delta: 20, 26, 71, 97 Hasidic Rebbe dies in, 160; a Yiddish Nile River: 22 newspaper in, 171; a German-Jewish Niniveh: a capital, 56; and the first Jewish congregation in, 175; Macy's in, 176; Diaspora, 59; and the capture of Gimbel's in, 176; a Jewish hospital in, Lachish, 64;Jonah told to go to, 280; 176; a rabbi in, defends slavery, 177; spared, 281 Jewish education in, 177; a pro-Jewish Ninth ofAv: see index entry Tisha b'Av protest in (1840), 180; and the first Noah: and God's first laws, 6, 8-9 Zionist Congress, 197; recruits from, Noahide Laws: seven in all, 8---<) 203; volunteers from, for Spain, 209, Noah's Ark: xiii, 8 2 I I; a remarkable book published in, Nobel Prize:Jewish winners of, 201, 205, 215; and the Second World War, 224;'a 223,258,260,261,266 nice Jewish girl' from, 224; a Hasidic Nome (Alaska):Jews in, 359-60 leader finds refuge in, 224; a Yiddish Nordau,Max:'Count on me!', 193; at expert reaches, 227; a Jewish historian the first Zionist Congress, 198 reaches, 227; a Canadian boxer's Norman Conquest (1066): 120, 146, 147 accident in, 261; a Jewish wrestler Normandy (France):Jewish soldiers' from, 261; a rabbi in, brings rabbis and graves at, 222; a Jewish war doctors together, 265; a foundation in, photographer in, 235 active in , 268; North Africa: 84,94, 109; conquered by synagogues in, 304; a prayer vigil in, Islam, I14;Jews from, in Majorca, 125; 339; a Jew from, Governor ofAlaska, MajorcanJews flee to, 126; and the 360 Jews ofKhazaria, 147; and the first New York Philharmonic Orchestra: a Zionist Congress, 198; German army conducting debut with, 224 reaches, 214; a Jewish pilot shot down New York Times: and a Hungarian-Jewish over, 221; a combat reporter in, 224; a war reporter, 231 war photographer in, 235; and a New Yorker: a cartoonist of, 225; a Jewish colourful skullcap, 338 Nobel Prizewinner writes for, 260 North America:Jews reach, from Spain, New Zealand: a Jew commands troops 132 from, 200;Jewish soldiers from, 202; North Caucasus (Russia):Jews from and the emergence ofIsrael, 246; and Chechenya travel through, on way to aJewish ChiefJustice, 264 Israel, 267 Index 439

North East Frontier Agency (India): xv, Onias III, High Priest: removed, 75-6 59 Onkeles, the (the Bible in Aramaic): 29 Norway: and the Second World War, 214 Operation Shylock (Philip Roth): 328-9 Numbers, Book of: and a 'star out of Ophir, Land of: gold from, 44 Jacob', 101; and the Jewish New Year, Oppenheimer,]. Robert: and the atom 275; and the Festival of Solemn bomb, 223 Assembly, 287; and the synagogue, 3II; Or Hatzafon (,Light of the North'): and the Torah, 315; and the tsitsit synagogue, in Alaska, 362 (fringes), 338-9; and the violation of Oral Law: evolves, 84; and the Mishnah, the Sabbath, 353 104,107,317-8; and Rashi, 122 numerus clausus (numerical restrictions): Orissa (India): a Jewish official in, 145 in Hungary, xvi, 231; in Russia, 170 Orleans (France):Jews in, 109 Nuremberg Laws (1935): and the Jews of Orontes River (Syria): battle at, 56 Germany, 207-8 Orthodox Jews: and the date of Creation, 3; and Bnei Brak, 100; and Obadiah of Bertinoro: settles in Zionism, 191; re-found a township, Jerusalem, 134 225; and the eve ofShavuot (the Octavian: Herod's allegiance to, 86-7; Festival ofWeeks), 28 I; rabbinical becomes Emperor, as Augustus, 86-7; courts of, 309; and the Torah, 313-4; gives Banias to Herod, 87; Herod and a sixteenth-century code of honours, 88; supports Herod, 89 practice, 317; and the dietary laws, 322; OctoberWar (1973): between Syria and and skullcaps, 338; and a prayer vigil, Egypt, and Israel, 251, 277, 300 339; and new utensils, 343-4; and the Odessa: and Jewish secular studies, 164; Divine Law, 346 Jewish pioneers leave from, 188 Ose, Emperor ofJapan: and a Hebrew OJ the Jews and Their Lies (Martin king, 58 Luther): 152-3 Otto I, German Emperor: a Jew reaches oil: a King anointed with, 37; and the the court of, 1I8 future of Palestine, 242-3 Ottoman Empire:Jews welcomed in, Old Delhi: xv 132; its tolerant attitude, in Palestine, 'Old Testament': and God's will, 314; and 133-4; and a false Messiah, 155-6; and the Jewish people, 361 the Damascus Affair, 179-80; and Olympic Games: Herod helps finance, Jewish emigration to Palestine, 171, 88; and modern gold medals, 233-4; 189-90; its rule in Palestine ending, and Jewish sportsmen and women, 198, 199;Jews of, in the First World 261-3 War, 199,201; and the First World War, Olympic Games in Antiquity, The (Ferenc 203 Mozoe): wins a Gold Medal, 234 Ottoman Turks: and a railway line, 99; Omar I, Caliph: and the Jews, 1I4-5 rule Palestine, 170 Omar II, Caliph: and the Jews, 1I5 'Our Mother Rachel': the 'mother of Ornri: becomes King, 5I; his rule, 51-2 sorrows', 16 440 Index

Outline ofJewish History,An (Dubnow): Palestine Authority: and Gaza, 43 226 Palestine White Paper: of 1939, 243; of Oxford University: xiv, xv;Yiddish at, 1922,293 171; and an atlas of the Arab Israel Palestinian Arabs: reject a Jewish State conflict, 250 alongside their own, 247; turn to violence, 247; flee, 249 Pacific Islands:Jews fight on, 222 Palma (Majorca):Jews of, 125, 126 Padua (Italy): a rabbinical seminary in, Paltrow, Gwyneth: her rabbinical 164 ancestors, 206 Pakistan: and Palestine, 246 Panovs,Valeri and Galina: leave Soviet 'Palaestina': taxation in, 106 Union, 264 'Pale of Settlement' (,The Pale '): for Jews Papacy: and Rome, 94 inside Russia, 146, 166, 168, 171 paratyphoid C: its discoverer, 200 Palestine: promised (as Canaan): lO;Jews Paris: Hebrew books burned in, 123; in, 74; dispersal ofJews within, 97; and material onJews of China in Jesuit the JezreelValley, 105; Christianity in, archives in, 137;Jews active in struggle IIo-l; ruled by Persia, III; conquered in (1848), 175; a pro-Jewish protest in, by Islam, II4; Maimonides in, 127; 180; the 'Alliance' founded in (1860), Tartar invasion of, 131;Jews reach, 181;'The Baron' born in, 190; an from Spain, 132-3; and the Jewish article published in, about the National Home, 146, 198-9; a false Hebrew language, 19O-1;Ahad Ha­ Messiah in, 155; Hasidic emigration Am in, 191; and the Dreyfus Affair, to, 157; Napoleon in, 163; and the Jews 193; Herzl's ally in, 193; a theatrical of Russia, 168, 171;America designer in, 199; a Professor at, intervenes on behalf ofJews of, 177; discovers a vaccine, 200; the Cardinal 'secret' Jews make their way to, 180; Archbishop of, born Jewish, 205; North African Jews emigrate to, 181, Jewish resistance fighters shot in, 220; 182; and the nineteenth-century aJewish photographer trains in, 235 precursors of Zionism, 182-4, 186, Parkinson's disease: and a Nobel Prize, 187-8; growing number ofJews in, 266 190,232; and the Hebrew language, Parthians:joinJews, 85 190; and a 'spiritual centre', 191; a Passover: the first, 23; and Elijah, 54; and 'historic home', 193; and the first 'Next Year in Jerusalem', 59, 102,295; Zionist Congress, 197;Jews expelled and Hezekiah, 61-2; a Pilgrim from, by the Turks, 202, 203 ;Jews Festival, 72; and the 'Last Supper', 92; from, and the Second World War, and Gamaliel II, 98; links the 221-2,223,225; and the emergence of Diaspora, 108; and Blood Libel, 125, Israel, 241-9; and the 'Jewish 179; and the Warsaw Ghetto revolt, Olympics', 262;Jews in, 'of right', 293; 217; and a Second World War Rabbi Abraham Abulafia in, 324; encounter, 222; Gandhi participates Auntie Fori's uncle emigrates to, 368 in, 239; and yizkor (tlre memorial Index 441

service), 279, 304; and the New Year 18,19; and Jewish slave labour, 20-2; for the Trees, 292; the celebration of, and the Exodus, 23-4; Solomon's 294-8,326 marriage to a daughter of, 43, 45; Pasternak, Boris: a convert to supports aJewish rebellion, 63; Christianity, 205 recalled at Passover, 293; replaced by Pearl Harbour: and an early counter- Hitler, in the Passover Hagaddah, 297 attack,221 Pharaoh's daughter: and Moses, 20-1 Pechersky,Alexander: leads revolt, 218 Pharisees: and the Hasmoneans, 83-4; Pedro IV, King ofAragon: 125-6 and Herod, 89; and Peter, 94 Pekah: becomes King, 58; assassinated, 58 Philadelphia (Pennsylvania): a Pekahia, King: overthrown, 58 department store in, 176; a Jew from, Peking: a letter about the Jews of China befriends Gandhi, 237 sent from, 137; and the Jews of China, Philistia: 57 140 Philistines: Israelite conflict with, 35-6, penicillin: and a Jewish Nobel Prize 37,38,40,48, 51;join revolt against winner,259 Assyria, 64 Pennsylvania (USA):Jews in, 174 Philo ofAlexandria: and Abraham's Pentateuch (Five Books of Moses): 66, guests, 15; and the sukkah, 286 73,84, II3, 315-7 Phineas (Pinhas):Aaron's grandson, 30-1 People of the Book: and the Five Books Phoenicia: Elijah flees to, 53; of Moses, 315-7 Shalmanezer III overruns, 57 Peres, Shimon: his vision, 256-7; wins Phoenicians: good relations with, 52; Nobel Prize, 261 join revolt, 64 Persia: Esther's courage in, 72;Jewish phylacteries (tefillin): 72, 339 scribes in, 73; rules Judaea, 72; a Jewish 'Pig-Jew': Herzl shocked by, 192-3 revolt in, 74; and the Story of Hannah, pigs: and an act of defiance, 79-80,81; 84;Jews in, 97; rules Palestine, lII-2; unclean, 321 conquered by Islam, II4;Jews reach Pilgrim Festivals: 72, 74, 90, I02, II6, China from, 137;Jews reach Khazaria 284-5 from, 146; forcible conversion in, pillar of salt: and Sodom, 12 179-80; and Palestine, 184,244; and Pinkas Synagogue (Prague): a memorial Purim,3II-4 wall in, 266 Persian Gulf 9, II5, II9, 135 Pithom (Egypt): slavery in, 20 Persian language: and the Aggadah, 317 Pittsburg Conference (1885): and the Pescennius Niger: a Jew-hater, I07 dietary laws, 322; and Judaism as 'a Petah Tikvah: a Jewish village in progressive religion', 346-7 Palestine, 188,233 plagues: in Egypt, 22-3, 295; in the Petlura, Simon: a supporter of, saves Wilderness, 28; in the Assyrian camp, Jews, 219-20 65; in Poland, 149 Pharaoh: the captain of his guard, 17; his Plaut, Rabbi Gunther: 'when a tree is cut butler and chief baker, 18; and Joseph, down ... ',293 442 Index

Playboy: a Nobel Prize winner writes Popular Front (France): a Jewish leader for, 260 of, 225 Pledge ofWar: offers amicable coexist­ Port Said (Egypt):Jews attacked in, 254 ence, II3 ;Jews fail to observe, II4 Portugal:Jews from, in Majorca, 126; Plisetskaya, Maya: wins Lenin Prize, 253; Jews expelled from, 132; and the Jews 'I never knew she was Jewish', 371 of Brazil, 172-3; the fate of the Jews Plonsk (Russian Poland): Ben Gurion of, discussed in Berlin, 213 leaves, 171 Portuguese-Dutch War (I662): and the Pobedonostsev, Konstantin: supports Jews ofIndia, 141 emigration ofJews, 168 Potemkin, Prince: encourages Jews, pogroms: in Tsarist Russia, 185 165-6 Polak, Henry: befriends Gandhi, 239; a Potiphar: and Joseph, 17-8 wedding gift from, 369 Potiphar's wife: 'lie with me', 18 Polak,]. H.: helps Gandhi, 239 'Pour out thy wrath ... ': 297 Poland: 94;1ewish pioneers from, ro6; Pozsonyi Street (Budapest): a 'protected' early Jewish settlement in, 149-52; house in, 228 and the Chmielnicki massacres, 154-5, Prague:Jews in, 120;Jews murdered in, 156; and a false Messiah (Shabbetai 129;Jews expelled from, 152; and the Zvi), 156; and the Jewish golem, 154; an excommunication in, Enlightenment, 16I; in Tsarist Russia, 162; a memorial wall in, 266; a 165, 166; and the Polish Insurrection Hagaddah from, 296; a prayer book (I863), 167, 175; partition of (1772), printed in, 338 174; immigrants from, to America prayer book: see index entry siddur (after 1925), 179;Jews from, fight in Pretzsch (Germany): mass murderers Spain, 2ro; and the Holocaust, 212, trained at, 212 213, 215;Jewish soldiers in, 220;Jewish 'Prince of Peace': and a disputation, historians of, 226; and the emergence 13 0 ofIsrael, 246; no longer a Jewish Pripet Marshes (Russia):Jews reach, 12I; heartland, 266; and a mezuzah, 342; and Yiddish, 146; and cholent, 356; and the Sabbath, 357 from, 171 Poliak,A. N.: and the story of a false 'Prisoners of Zion': in the Soviet Union, Messiah, 148 253 Polish Insurrection (I863): and the Jews, Prokofiev, Sergey: his War and Peace, 267 167, 175; and Jewish immigration to Promised Land: 17, 26,30,32,33; and a America, 173 false Messiah, 155 Polish language: in aJewish school, 164; Prophets (Biblical books): II3, 332 in Russian schools, 166, 171 Protestantism: and the Jews, 151 Polish Legion: of Napoleon, 163 'Protocal of Permanent Peace': settles a : no longer acceptable, 121 strike, 178 Pontius Pilate: and Jesus, 93 Provence:Jews of, 122, 123-4;Jews Poona (India):Jews in, 145 expelled from, 124;Jews from, in Index 443

Palestine, 130; and the Day of Rabbinical Seminary (Budapest): 232 Atonement, 279 Rabbinical tradition: and Methuselah, Proverbs, Book of: and the memorial 7-8; and Joseph, 17; and God's 'wry candle, 307; and a 'tree of life' ,316-7; humour', 28; and Rabbi Akiva, 100, and 'A Virtuous Woman', 349-50 101; and the first synagogue, 301; and a Providence (Rhode Island): a rabbi at, reward for women, 308; and Purim, and the mitzvot, 327-8 3II; and the Sabbath, 355 Prussia: assimilation in, 162 rabbis: 307-10 Przemysl (Poland): the fate of a Jewish Rabh, The (Rabbi Abba Areka): prayers doctor from, 215 and sayings of, 274, 278 Przemyslyany (Poland): a doctor Rabin,Yitzhak: and his father, 203; wins murdered in, 215 Nobel Prize, 261; buried on Mount Psalms: and King David, 41; and the Herzl, 301; and the 'price of victory', second Diaspora, 70-71; and Jesus, 93; 299; and' evil tongues', 329; a and Hasidism, 159; at Passover, 294; on memorial gathering for, 337 Jerusalem Day, 303; and 'the meeting Rachel:Jacob's wife, 15, 17 places of God', 304; and mourning, Radanites:Jewish merchants, 135 334,336; and the yad, 340; and the Rahabi, David: an Indian Jew, 142 Sabbath, 348; and Grace after Meals, rainbow: the first, 8 350-1 Raja Hathisingh, Governor of Gujarat: Ptolemy: rules Egypt, 75; attacks Judaea, 145 83 Ramadan: andYom Kippur, II4 Pugwash Conference: a Jewish co­ Ramah (Canaan): a voice 'heard in', 16 founder of, 258 Ramat Rahel: a palace on, 46 Pumbeditha: a religious academy at, 109, Rambam, the: see index entry IIO, II5, 338 Maimonides, Moses Punjab (India): a Jewish Governor of, Ramban, the: see index entry 372 Nahmanides, Moses Purana Qila refugee camp (Delhi): Rameses (Egypt): slave labour at, 20 Auntie Fori active in protection of, Rameses II, Pharaoh: affiicts Israelites, 20 370 Ramla: a rabbinical academy in, II7; Purim, Festival of: 72, 292, 3II-5 Jewish guides in, 133; Napoleon's announcement in, 163, 164 Quetta: a leading Indian Jew born in, Raphall, Rabbi: defends slavery, 177 143 Rashi: his scholarship, 122-3; and the Quota Act (1925): restricts immigrtion mitzvot, 327 to the United States, 179 Rathenau,Walther: and Germany's warmaking powers, 201 Rab-shakeh: demands surrender of Rawicz, Wladislaw: commands Polish Jerusalem, 65 insurgents (1863), 167 Rabban,Joseph: protected, in India, 141 Reagan, President Ronald: 266 444 Index

Rebecca (Isaac's wife): 15, 16, 138,333 Rhine River: 148 Recife (Brazil):Jews of, 173 Rhineland:Jews of, 120--1, 122; anti­ Reconstruction Judaism: 338 Jewish violence in, 12 I; and the Red Army: 2IO, 2II; and the liberation Crusades, 129; expulsions from, 148, otVilna, 218; a soldier of, leads revolt, 152; an exponent of gematria in, 324 218; reaches Bucharest and Sofia, 241 Rhinoconara: 83 Red Fort (Delhi): xv Rhodes: and the Diaspora in Roman Red Navy: 2IO times, 94, 96 Red Sea:Jews reach, and cross, 24-5; Rhone River:Jews settle along, 148 Solomon's ships sail through, 44; and Riblah: captives taken to, 69-70 Passover, 295 Ricci, Father: reports on Jews of China, 'Red Terror': in Hungary, 231 137,138 Reform Judaism: in the United States, Rifkind, Malcolm: a Jewish Cabinet 178; and Rabbi Alkalai, 184; and the Minister, 264 Jewish New Year, 272; and women Rifle Brigade:Jews in, 202 rabbis, 307, 308; and women on Riga (Latvia): Simon Dubnow murderd rabbinical courts, 309; and the Torah, in, 226 316; and the dietary laws, 322; and a 'Righteous Gentiles': during the minyan (quorum), 330; and prayer Holocaust, 219-20, 228; to be shawls, 338; and a prayer vigil, 339; remembered, 303 styles of worship in, 345-7 Ringelblum, Emanuel: a Jewish RiformJudaism:A Contemporary historian, murdered, 226 Perspective (1976): 316 Rishon Ie-Zion (,the First in Zion'): a Reform New Synagogue (Berlin): 345 pioneer village, 186 Reform synagogues: and women rabbis, Ritch, Lewis W: helps Gandhi, 239 309 Rivers,Joan: a star, 266 Regensburg:Jews murdered in, 129 Robota, Roza: her heroism, and her fate, Rehoboam: becomes King, 46; the 218-9 extent of his rule, 47-8; the fate of his Roden, Claudia: her cookery books, 256 widow, 49 Roman Catholicism: and the Rema, the: see index entry Moses Isserles, 'Maccabean Martyrs', 80; and a Rabbi gesture of reconciliation, 89; and 'Remembrance Day': the Jewish New Rome, 94; and Majorca, 126; and the Year, 273 Jews ofIndia, 141 Rene, King (of Provence): encourages Roman Empire: andJudaea, 42, 79, 82, 85; Jews, 124 and Herod, 87;Jews ruled by, 95, I07; responsa (rabbinical answers to Jews revolt against, 96-7,99; and Rabbi questions): 121, 122,318---9 Akiva, IOI;and the Diaspora, I03, I06, Reuben: one ofJacob's sons, 16, 17 148---9; and Palestine, I07-8; and the Revisionist Movement: its founder, 203 fast of the Ninth ofAv,288;and the Revolutions of 1848: and the Jews, 174 NewYear for the Trees, 290; and the Index 445

Passover recitation, 295; synagogues in, Rothschild, Nathaniel: the first British 304; and the menorah, 341 Jew to become a Lord, 169 Roman eagle: and the Second Temple, Rothschilds: and wine-growing, 122; a 89-90 Russian equivalent, 165 Roman Senate: recognizes Jewish Rotman,Jacob: his grave, 203 independence, 83 Roumania:Jews of, 177, 178, 179; and Rome: and a 'horned' Moses, 28; Herod's Jewish 'national honour', 186; Lovers sons educated in, 88; Saul-Paul dies in, of Zion from, 187, I 88;Jews of, fight 94; a Christian martyr in, 94;Jewish in FirstWorldWar, 199,201; and captives taken to, 96, 106; Rabbi Gamal­ Jewish migration, 241; photographs iel II travels to, 98; RabbiAkiva travels of,361 to, 100;Jews in, 120; restrictions in, Royal Air Force:Jews serve in, 202 ended, 163;a Chief Rabbi of,converts Royal Field Artillery: Jews serve in, 202 to Christianity, 205; synagogues in, 304; Royal Fusiliers:Jewish battalions of,203 a sage from, and the 'evil tongue', 328; Royal Navy:Jews serve in, 202 the gossiperin Syria 'kills in', 329 Royal Opera House (London): a Jewish Ronald S. Lauder Foundation: active in director of, 263 Eastern Europe, 269 Rozenbach, Major Julian: killed in Roosevelt, Eleanor: and Rene Cassin, action (1863), 167 199 Rubichov, Nehemia: enlists, 203 Roosevelt, President Franklin D.: and the Rubik, Erno: his invention, 236 Book of Ruth, 284; a supporter of, 358 Rubinstein, Anton: his opera, 84 Rosani, Rita: a partisan, 221 Russia (after 1991, formerly part of the Rosanna (a convict's daughter): born in Soviet Union):Jews leave, for Israel, Australia, 157 268; photographs of the Far East of, Rosenberg, Isaac: a poet, killed in action, 361; two Jews from, visit Alaska, 362 201 Russian Empire (up to 1917): the Jews Rosenberg, Myron: a photographer, in of, 146--8; Hasidism in, 157, 160; and Alaska, 361 the Jewish Enlightenment, 161; and Rosh Hashanah: see index entry Jewish the growth ofJewish settlement, New Year 165-8;Jewish emigration from, 170, Rosh Hodesh (New Moon): special 171,178-9, 199;America intervenes service on, 310-1 on behalf ofJews of, 177; Muslims Rotblat,Joseph: and Pugwash, 258 protest at entry ofJews from, 181, Roth, Philip: and 'evil tongues', 328-9 189-90; pogroms in, 170, 185-6; Rothschild, Baron Edmond de: helps Lovers of Zion from, 187, 188; and Jews in Palestine, 190 Jerusalem, 190; and the first Zionist Rothschild, Evelina de: founds a girls' Congress, 197;Jews of, fight in First school,185 WorldWar, 199;Jewish war dead of Rothschild, Mayer Amschel: founds a (1914-17),201; and the Jews ofAlaska, dynasty, 169 359 Index

Russian language: in Jewish schools, 166, Joseph Caro teaches in, 320; and the 171; in a former Yiddish newspaper, 171 Sabbath, 348 Ruth, Book of: read in synagogue, 283-4 Sahara: 'mountain' Jews of, 135 Ruthenia:Jews of, 145,231 St Bartholomew's Hospital (London): research at, 258 Saadiah Gaon: his intellectual St George: and the dragon, 82 achievements, rr6; his distinguished St Jerome: and Bar Kochba, 99 pupil, u8; and the mitzvot, 326; and St Louis (Missouri): synagogue services the liturgy, 338 in, 175 Sabath,AdolfJoachim: a Congressman, St Luke: gospel of, 92 358 St Peter's (Rome): 94 Sabbath: God's day of rest, 4; a father's St Petersburg: a Hasidic leader blessing on, 19; and the Ten Com­ imprisoned in, 159; a theatrical mandments, 27; a focal point, 33; the designer from, 199; a Jewish historian Jews ordered to profane, 79; and Jesus, in, 226;Jor subsequent index entry see 92; and Simon-Peter, 94; and Moham­ Leningrad med, u3;prayers for, u6;no longer Saint-Saens, Camille: and Samson and kept by the Jews of China (1850),139; Delilah, 35 and Hasidism, 159; and the Jewish New Saladdin: drives out the Crusaders, 129 Year, 275, 276; and the kiddush wine, Salome Alexandra: comes to the throne, 290; Israel's Day ofIndependence 84 never celebrated on, 301; in synagogue, Salomon, Haym: on Wall Street, 174; 303; the Bible compares the arrested as a spy, 174 celebration of the New Moon with, Salonika:Jews in, converted to 308; and the 'Shulhan Arukh', 317; and Christianity, 93;Jews welcomed in, gematria, 323; and the mitzvot (good 132; a false Messiah in, 155;Joseph deeds), 327; and havdalah (the closing Caro teaches in, 320 ceremony), 341; the practice and joy Salten, Felix: and Bambi, 236 of, 347-58; punishment for the Samaria (mountain region of): and the violation of, 353,354; in Alaska, 362; Israelites, 36, 47, 49; and the and Auntie Fori, 363, 372 Hasmoneans, 82; and Herod, 87;Jews Sachs, Nellie: her Nobel Prize, 260 remain in, UI; and the Crusades, 129 Sacks,Jonathan: Chief Rabbi, 309; and Samaria (Shomron): becomes a capital, the Torah, 364 52; a battle north of, 56; a royal visit Sadat,Anwar: visits Israel, 251; wins to, 56; pagan temples in, destroyed, 57; Nobel Prize, 261 survives, 58; captured, 59; Herod Safed (Galilee):Jews from Spain find governs, 86 refuge in, 133;Jews flourish in, 134; Samarin (Palestine):Jews buy land at, 187 Jewish land purchase in, 183; battle Samarkand:Jews reach China through, for, 248; a new fast day inaugurated in, 135 3IO; and a code ofJewish practice, 319; Samson: and Delilah, 35; captured, 35-6 Index 447

Samuel ben Meir (the ): Scheckter,Jody: his motor-car racing completes Rashi's work, 123 success, 263 Samuel, Book of: 72 Schiff, Rabbi Nafta1i: and a 'legacy to Samuel, the Prophet: 36-8; and the Jews mankind', 365 of China, 138 Schindler, Oskar: saves Jews, 219 San Francisco (California): a human Schindler's List (film): 219 rights concert in, 267 Schlesin, Sonia: Gandhi's secretary, 239 San Pietro in Vincoli (Rome): and a Schneersohn, Dov Ber: and a Hasidic horned Moses, 28 dynasty, 160 Sanhedrin: Herod appears before, 85; Schneersohn,Joseph Isaac: escapes from Herod executes members of, 86; Europe, 225 Hillel President of, 90; and Jesus, Schneersohn, Menahem Mendel: the 92-3; and rabbis, 98 Lubavitcher Rebbe, 159, 160,225 Sanskrit: and Hebrew, 371 Schneersohn, Moses: converts to Sarah (Abraham's wife): 11,14,16 Christianity, 204 Sarajevo Hagaddah: originally from Schwarzchild, Karl: and 'black holes', Barcelona, 296 200 Sardinia:Jews in, 96 Scroll of Esther: and Purim, 312-3 Sargon II, King ofAssyria: his conquests, Scrolls of the Law: rescured, 131; and the 59 Jews of China, 137, 138; and the Jews Sarner, Harvey: his researches about ofJerusalem, 157; destroyed in Gallipoli, 202 Meshed (Persia), 179; in synagogue, Sassoon ben Salah: in Baghdad, 204 305,316; returned to the ark, 306; and Sasso on, David: leaves India for Britain, the mitzvot, 327 204 Seattle (Washington): a graduate from, Sassoon, Siegfried: his origins, 204 359; a journey through, 360 Sassoon, Sir Victor: an IndianJew, 144 Sebag-Montefiore family: a convert in, Satan: and the Sabbath, 92; the need to 205 'refute', 286 Sebag-Montefiore, Simon: his Saudi Arabia: and the Caliph Omar, 115; researches, 165 and oil, 244 Sebaste (Samaria): founded by Herod, 88 Saul: anointed King, 37; his rule, 37, 38; Sebastopol:Jewish soldiers in defence of, David mourns for, 335 167 Saul (later Paul): preaches Christianity, 'Second Jewish Law' (Hungary): 232 93,304 Second Temple: built by Herod, 88--9; Sava ('Old Man'): and Jewish mysticism, destroyed by Titus, 96; and the Jews of 319 China, 135; and the Jews ofIndia, 140; Savannah (Georgia):Jews in, 174 and a good deed, 327; and a prayer for Savra, Rabbi Jacob: 'a great Scholar', 150 mourners, 335; its menorah never Schatz, Boris: founds an artistic academy, found, 341; a ritual bath from the time 340 of, 344 Index

Second World War: and a Papal Nuncio, Seville:Jewish emissaries in, II7 94; and 'secret' Jews in Turkey, 156; and Seward Chamber of Commerce the destruction ofYiddish, I71; and (Alaska): offers to take in Jewish the death of a film star, 200; and Jews refugees, 362-3 in Muslim lands, 254 Sforim, Mendele Mocher: 21 'See, thy son liveth ... ': 53 Shabbetai ben Meir Ha-Kohen: his 'Seek ye the peace of the city ... ': 74 writings, 156 Seleucid dynasty: rules Judaea, 74, 75, 79; Shabbetai ofRaszkow: his writings, 156 and the Hasmonean revolt, 81-2; a Shabbetai Zvi: a false Messiah, 155-6; his martyr of, 104; and the festival of subsequent followers, 162-3; and Hanukah, 298, 299 gematria, 325 Seleucus: rules Syria: 75 'Shaddai': the Almighty, 342 Semah,Jacob: in India, 142 Shakespeare: and Shylock, 169; and King Sen, Hannah: a prominent IndianJewess, Lear, 223; and the Globe Theatre, 267 I43 Shalmanezer III, King: makes war, 56; Sennacherib, King ofAssyria: his receives homage, 57 conquests, 64-5; and Rabbi Akiva, 100 Shamir, Moshe: his novel, 85 Sephardi Jews: and Rav Amram's prayer Shammai: his 'House', 90-1 book, II5; their Diaspora, 132; and a Sharon plain: captured, 58 Victoria Cross winner, 201; and the Shatzky,Jacob: a Polish Jewish historian, Jewish New Year, 276; and the closing emigrates to the United States, 226 of the Day ofAtonement, 28I-2; and Shavuot, Festival of 72, 281, 283-4, 306 the fast of the Ninth ofAv, 291; and Shcharansky,Anatoly (Natan Sharansky): the New Year for the Trees, 292; and and the Psalms,4I the festival of Hanukah, 300; and the Sheba, Queen of and Solomon, 44-5 annual memorial for one's parents, Shechem (Nablus): and divisions among 307; their Hakham (rabbi), 307; their the Israelites, 46; a capital city near, 52; Chief Rabbi (in Israel), 309; and the Scrolls of the Law rescued in, 131 New Moon, 310; and gematria, 324; Shekhinah (the Divine Presence): 29, 310 and the reading of the Torah, 342; and Shem: Noah's son, 8 the Sabbath, 349 Shema prayer: see index entry 'Hear, 0 Sepphoris: a religious academy at, 103 Israel' Septimus Severus:Judah ha-Nasi Shemini Atzeret: Festival of, 281, 287, 306 supports, 107 Sheptitski,Archbishop: saves Jews, Septuagint (the Bible in Greek): 75 219-20 Serbia:Jews in, 177;Jews of, fight in First Sherbourne, Michael: coins the word World War, I99, 201; a medical 'refusenik', 289 discovery in, 200 Sheth, the children of to be destroyed, Seth:Adam and Eve's third son, 7 29 Seven Benedictions: at a wedding, 333 Shield of David (Magen David): see index 'Seven Sisters' (India): xv entry Star of David Index 449

Shih-kuei: a Chinese-Jewish name, 139 Simeonovskaya Street (St Petersburg): Shinwell, Emanuel: and Palestine, 243 and a Jewish convert to Christianity, Shiraz (Iran): a trial in, 339 167-8 shiva (mourning): 336-7 SimhatTorah (Rejoicing of the Law): shloshim (,thirty'): a day of solemn and the Jews of China, I37; in remembrance, 337 synagogue, 288--90 Shneur Zalman of Lyady: and Hasidism, Simlai, Rabbi: and the Divine 159-60 Commandments, 326 shofar (ram's horn): and the Jewish New Simon (Jesus' cousin): in Jerusalem, 93; in Year, 275 Rome, 94 shohet (ritual slaughterer): 321 Simon Wiesenthal Centre (Los Angeles): Shomron: see index entry Samaria challenges Holocaust denial, 268--9 Shtern, General Grigori: a Soviet hero, Sinai Peninsula: the Children of Israel in, 210 25,26,29,31; Elijah in, 54; and the Shtetl (a Jewish village): 145-6 Hasmoneans, 83 Shulhan Arukh ('a set table'): and Jewish Sind (India):Jewish traders at, 135 practice, 319; various versions of, Singer, Isaac Bashevis: wins Nobel Prize, 31!{-20 260 Shylock: a caricature, 169 Singer, I.J.: a gifted writer, 260 Siberia: forced labour in, 252 Sino-Japanese War: and a Jewish Sicily: Jews in, 96; Rabbi Abulafia in, photographer, 235 324 Siraf (Persian Gulf): administered by a siddur (prayer book): II5-6, 334, 337-8 Jew, II9 Sidon: 52; Elijah flees to, 53; two miracles Sisera: his defeat, 34; his defeat emulated, in, 53-4; becomes an ally, 69 299 Sidonians: and King Solomon, 45 Sitka (Alaska): and a Jewish soldier, 359; Sighet: a future Nobel Prize winner Jews of, 360 deported from, 260 Six-Day War (I967): 253, 288; and a Sikhs: and the Inter-Faith Network (in special Hagaddah, 294; and Memorial Britain), 269 Day, 298; and the 'price of victory', Silver, Abba Hillel: and 'the Jewish 299; and Jerusalem Day, 303; and 'evil contribution', 245 tongues', 329 Silverman, Sydney: opposes death Skagway (Alaska):Jews of, 360 penalty, 264 Skopje (Macedonia): and Responsa Simeon: one ofJacob's sons, 16, 19 literature, 3 I9 Simeon (son of Rabbi Gamaliel II): his skullcap: see index entry kippa reputation as a teacher, 107 Slovo,Joe: an opponent of apartheid, 259 Simeon (the Maccabee): his conquests, Small Day ofAtonement (Yom Kippur 82 Katan): a 'minor' fast day, 308 : flees from Smith, Gerald: and the devastation in Majorca, 126 Germany (1945),222 450 Index

Smushkevich, General Jacob: executed, South America:Jews reach, from Spain, 210 132 Smyrna:Jews welcomed in, 132; a false South Carolina (USA):Jewish soldiers Messiah appears in, 155; a false in, 174 Messiah returns to, 155 'Sovereignty of States': and Genocide, Sobibor: a site of mass murder, 214; 257 revolt at, 218 Soviet Jewry: a prophesy concerning, Social and Religious History ifthe Jews 227; the campaign for, 252-3, 287 (Salo Baron): 228 Soviet Union: a Jewish prisoner in, 41; Sodom: 12; recalled, 61 Jews from, in the Spanish Civil War, Sofia (Bulgaria): Soviet troops reach, 242 209-IO;Jews of, in the Second World Sokolow, Nahum: and the Jewish future War, 220, 224; and Palestine, 242; and in Palestine, 188 the emergence ofIsrael, 246, 25I;Jews Solomon (David's son): prevails, 42; in, emigrate to Israel, 250;Jews in, anointed King, 42; his rule, 42-7; his under Communism, 252-4, 287; a wives and concubines, 45-6; taxation pioneering visit to Jews of, 258; a by, 46; the kingdom of, divided by his Jewish basketball champion in, 262; successors, 47; recalled, 62 human rights critics of, 266; help for Solomon ben-Dugi: in Khazaria, 148 Jews in former regions of, 267; and Solomon ben-Judah: heads rabbinical the festival ofSimhatTorah, 289; and academies, II7 'who is aJew', 371 Solomon, Samuel: in India, 144-5 Spain:Jews in, I06, I09; conquered by Solomon's Temple: 43-4, 45, 49, 66; Islam, II4, II7;Jewish emissaries in, destroyed,68 117; a Jewish golden age in, II 8-9; anti­ Song of Moses: 24-5 Jewish measures in, 120, 126;Judah Sonnenschein, Rosa: in Basle, 197 Halevi leaves, for the Land ofIsrael, Sons of Benjamin (USA): charity of, 178 130; Nahmanides forced to leave, 131; Sorbonne (Paris): a graduate of, Jews expelled from, 132-3; and the executed,257 Jews ofKhazaria, 147; expulsion of Sosin, Gloria Dosin: lists different Jews from, praised, 153; and Disraeli's spellings of'Hanukah', 300 ancestors, I68;and the Jews of the Sosnowiec (Poland): a heroine from, 218 NewWorld, 173; the fate of the Jews South Mrica:Jewish soldiers from,202, of, discussed in Berlin, 213; and the Kol 222; and Jewish refugees from Ger­ Nidrei prayer, 278-9; Moses ibn Ezra many, 223; and the Second World War, from, 282; the expulsion from, and the 224; Gandhi in, and his Jewish friends, fast of the Ninth ofAv,290;Joseph 238-9;'silent and insidious' opposition Caro among the expellees from, 320; to Jews of, 238;Jewish opponents to and an exponent of gematria, 324 apartheid in, 259; and a motor-car Spanish Civil War (1936-9): and the racing champion, 262; a Jew from, Jews, 209-II; and a Jewish researches into Alzheimer's disease, 362 photographer, 235; and a suicide, 241 Index 45 1

Spanish Inquisition: and the Jews, 126; Stern, Rabbi Jack: conducts services in and the Jews ofIndia, 140, 141; and Alaska, 362 theJews of the NewWorld, 173;and Stockholm (Sweden): Nobel Prize the 'victory ofJudaism' ,246 winners in, 260 Spanish Testament (Arthur Koestler): 209 Story of Hannah: recounted, in song, Special Forces Club (London): and a 84 Jewish heroine, 223 Strasbourg: an early Zionist pioneer Speyer (Rhineland):Jews murdered in, from, 183-4 12 9 Straus, Lazarus: opens a general store, Spiegel, Margarete: Gandhi's assistant, 175-6 240; Gandhi's advice to, on Structure and Form in the Babylonian 'Hitlerism', 241 Talmud (Louis Jacobs): 318 Spielberg, Steven: his powerful film, 219 Stuyvesant, Peter: and a 'deceitful race', Spinoza, Baruch: and Ezra the Scribe, 73 173-4 Spitz, Mark: wins seven gold medals, 263 Suez Canal: 24, 136,256 SS ('Protection Squads'): its power, 207 Sukenik, Professor: and an ancient Stalin,].V.: and General Shtern, 210; and mosaic, 105 General Smushkevich, 210; and Sukkot, Festival of: 72,284-8, 327 General Krivoshein, 210-1; and the Sunday Times: and a war reporter, 224 'Black Years' for Soviet Jews, 252-3; Sunset Mines (Alaska): two Jews and Ilya Ehrenburg, 371 manage, 360 Stalin Prize:Jewish winners of, 224, 260 Sura: a religious academy at, 109, 110, Star of David: on war graves (1914-18), 115; and the Jewish New Year liturgy, 201,203; in Normandy (1944), on war 272,338 graves, 222; a persistent symbol, 340-1 Surat (India):Jews in, 141 Star ofJacob: and a prophesy, 29 Susitna (Alaska): a Jewish summer camp Stars and Stripes (flag): a Jew raises, in in,362 Alaska, 359 Suwalki (Russian Poland): a Jew from, in Stars and Stripes (newspaper): a Jewish Alaska, 36o reporter on, 224 Suzman, Helen: opposes apartheid, State Department,Washington: puts 25 8-9 pressure on Switzerland, 176 Sweden: and Raoul Wallenburg, 205, Stein, Aurel: his journeys of exploration, 229,232,234; the fate of the Jews of, 237 discussed in Berlin, 213; Danish Jews Steinberg, Saul: and his cartoons, 225 find refuge in, 220; and the emergence Steinsalz,Adin: translates the Talmud, of Israel, 246 318; and the religious perspective, 364 Switzerland: Jews in, 176; the fate of the Stern, Colonel Alfred: a tank pioneer, Jews of, discussed in Berlin, 213; 200 protects Jews in Budapest, 234 Stern, Lazar (Emile Kleber): fights in Sydney Opera House: and War and Spain, 210 Peace, 267 45 2 Index synagogues: services in, 13,24; a emigration ofJews from, 254; the medieval disputation in, 131; as a 'gossiper stands in', 329 thank-offering, 142; in Poland, 151; to Syria-Palaestina:Judaea renamed, IOO; a be 'set on fire', 151-2; in London, Jewish community leader in, I03; 168; in Recife (Brazil), 172-3; not taxation in, I06 allowed, in New Amsterdam, 173; on Szekely, Eva: her Olympic gold medal, the Mississippi, 175; plundered, in 234 Morocco, 181; and Kristallnacht, 208; Szenes, Hanna: her heroism and her fate, and the Holocaust, 212; in Aden, 223 burnt to the ground, 254; and the Day of Atonement, 274-81; and the Tabernacle, the: services at, 29; propriety seventh day ofSukkot, 284-5; and at, 30 the festival of Simhat Torah, 286-7; Taffet,Jakub: his fate, 215 and the Ninth of Av fast day, 287-9; Taffet, Teofil: his fate, 215 and the Passover recitation, 292; its Tager, Mark: his early death, 336 place in Jewish life and worship, Tahpanhes (Nile Delta): exiles in, 71 303-6; and women rabbis, 308; tallit (prayer shawl): 338-9 officials of, 308-IO; special acts of Talmud: the centrepiece ofJewish worship in, 3IO-I; and Purim, 310; learning, I04, I09, 121; and Rashi, 122; and the Five Books of Moses, 316; and Maimonides, 128; and a medieval and a quorum (minyan), 329-30; and disputation, 131; and a scholar 'fluent circumcision, 331; and the Bar in', 149; 'blasphemy' in, 152; and the Mitzvah, 331-2; in Wlodawa, 337; Jewish Enlightenment, 161; and and the Tallit (prayer shawl), 339; and respect for doctors, 265; translations the menorah (candelabrum), 340-1; of, 318; and good deeds, 326 and the Havdalah service, 351; in Tanakh (the Jewish Bible): II3 Alaska, 360, 362; in Cochin, 372; in Tangier:Jews of, unscathed, 3I4;Auntie Delhi,373 Fori's uncle Louis emigrates to, 368 Syria: and King David, 40; and Solomon, Tank Corps:Jews in, 202 43,48; and the Sea of Galilee, 49; tanks: and a Jewish colonel, 200 attacked, 58; overrun, 68; Seleucids Tappuah: a town, destroyed, 57 forced back into, 82; ruled by Rome, Tarfon, Rabbi: and the Exodus, 24; and a 85; and Peter, 94; and Gamaliel II, 98; prayer for mourners, 335 and Pescennius Niger, I07; Christian Tarnopol (Galicia): and the Jewish fanatics from, II I; conquered by Enlightenment, 164 Islam, II4; and the 'Damascus Affair', Tarragona (Spain): a Jewish' city, II8 176; and France, 22 I; and Palestine, Tarshish:Jonah sails to, 280 242; troops from, in Palestine, 248; and Tarsus: Saul Oater Paul) born in, 93 the Six-Day War (1967),253; and the Tartars: devastate Jerusalem, 131 October War (1973),251,277; and Tashlikh: the casting of sins in the water, peace with Israel (yet to come), 251; 276 Index 453

Taza (Morocco):Jews murdered in, 181 Temple Mount (Jerusalem): 55, 89,290, Tefileen, Danny: imprisoned, 339 291,303,344 tefillin (phylacteries): 72, 339 Ten Commandments: 27-8, 29-30, 31, Teheran: xiv 32; and a joyous festival, 283 Tel Aviv: an ultra-Orthodox suburb of, Ten Days of Penitence: see index entry 100; recruits from, 203; the State of Days ofAwe Israel proclaimed in, 249; the 'Jewish Ten Plagues: in Egypt, 22-3; recalled at Olympics' held near, 262 Passover, 295 Tel Aviv-Jerusalem railway: 99-100 Tenth Legion: stationed outside Tel Aviv University: 251, 269 Jerusalem, 106 Telushkin, Rabbi Joseph: reflects on the Terah:Abraham's father, 8,9,10 'evil tongue', 328; recounts a Hasidic Thatcher, Margaret: 205; her parents' act story, 329; and the religious of kindness, 208; and two Jewish perspective, 364 Cabinet Ministers, 264 Temple, the: and Cain and Abel, 6; and 'The Lord hath done great things .. .': the Song of Moses, 25; and Jerusalem, 35 1 40,43-4; and the Queen of Sheba, 44; Theatre of the Revolution (Moscow): its and Solomon, 43-4, 46; its treasures, Jewish deputy director, 210 48,49-50,57,65; restored, 61; Theodosius I, Emperor: and Christianity, stripped, 65; pagan altars in, 66; 110 purified, 66-7; prophesies read out in Theodosius II, Emperor: persecution front of, 68; pillaged, 68; burnt down, under, 110 70,74; and the Pilgrim Festivals, 72, Theresienstadt Ghetto: teenagers and 74; and Nehemiah, 73; and High children in, 216-7; a survivor of, living Priest Menelaus, 75; and the in Alaska, 363 Hasmoneans, 82, 84; and Herod, Thirteen Principles of Faith 89-90; and Jesus, 91,92; and Agrippa (Maimonides): 128 I, 95-6; and the priestly families, 103; This Is My God (Herman Wouk): 128 and the Jewish religion, 104;' My pity Thrace: Herod takes mercenaries from, collects .. .', 130;Jews mourn over 87 ruins of, 131; and the Day of 'Throw her down ... ': 56 Atonement, 275; and Sukkot, 282, Tiberias (Sea of Galilee): a religious 285; and the fast of the Ninth ofAv, academy at, 103; and Christianity, 110; a 290,291; and the festival ofHanukah, Jewish host in, 112; Maimonides buried 298; and the 'eternal light', 304-5; and in, 128;Jews flourish in, 134;Jewish the Bet Din (rabbinical court), 309; land purchase at, 183; battle for, 248 and the New Moon, 310; and the Tibet: a protest against cultural dietary laws, 322; and a mitzvah, 327; repression in, 268 and the wedding ceremony, 333; and Tibni: fails to become king, 51 ReformJudaism, 347; and the Tiglath-pileser, King: Israel subservient Sabbath, 353, 354 to, 58; attacks again, 59 454 Index

Tigris River: xiii, 59,63,72,109, 1I5 Torah Min-Hashamayim (Teaching from Tipu Sultan: and his Jewish captive, Heaven): 113,316,346 142-3 'Torah of Moses': 315-6 Tirzah: a capital, besieged, 51 Torah if the Earth: 4, 000 Years of Ecology Tisha b'Av (Ninth ofAv): a day of in Jewish Thought (Arthur Waskow): mourning, 99;' cancelled', by a false 293 Messiah, 155; in synagogue, 290-1; and Toronto: and 'Mr. Khazar', 146; a true the Reform movement, 347 heroine from, 253; a boxing champion Tiszaeszlar (Hungary): a 'blood libel' in, from, 261; a rabbi from, and a 'voice of 230 pain', 291; Hanukah Websites listed by Titus: conquers Jerusalem, 96 a producer from, 299-300 To Have and Have Not (film): a star in, Toulon:Jews of, massacred, 124 224 Toulouse:Jews in, 109 Toledo (Spain):Jews of, welcome Trachonitis: Herod establishes his Muslims, 1I7;Joseph Caro born in, authority over, 88 320 Trajan, Emperor: and Jesus's great­ Toller, Ernest: his career and fate, 241; nephews, 93 Nehru's obituary of, 241 Transjordan: and Palestine, 242, 248, 249, Tolstoy Farm (near Johannesburg): 25 1 loaned to Gandhi by a Jew, 238 Transylvania: a deportee from, wins Torah, the: in its entirety, 90-1; to be Nobel Prize, 260 studied at Yavne, 98; and Judah ha­ Treblinka: a site of mass murder, 214; Nasi, 104; and Rabbi Nathan, 107; and revolt at, 2 I 8 Saadiah Gaon, 116; and Maimonides, 'tree oflife' (the Torah): 306, 317 I28; and a false Messiah, 155; and 'Trench Poems' (Isaac Rosenberg): 201 Hasidism, 159; and the Jewish Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (New York): 178 Enlightenment, 161; and the festival of Trier (Rhineland):Jews murdered in, SimhatTorah, 288; 'milk and honey', 129 299;'a tree oflife', 306, 317;a prayer Trinity, the: and the 'divine right' of for the well-being of students of, 306; kings, 37 and Purim, 313;'ofMoses', 315-6; Tripoli (North Africa): a wartime immutability of, and 'changes' in, 316; Passover in, 222 'a fence around' (and the dietary Tripolitania: anti-Jewish measures in, laws), 321-2; and gematria, 324; and 181;Jews attacked in, 247 good deeds, 325; and charity, 325; and Tripura:xv 'the evil tongue', 328--9; and the Bar­ Troyes (France): Rashi born in, 122 Mitzvah, 332; and the mezuzah, 342; Tsarist Russia: see index entry Russian and the yad (pointer), 342-3; and 'The Empire Immersion of Ezra' , 344; and the tsitsit (fringes): 338--9, 353 Jewish people, 364; and the Jewish Tu Bi'Shvat (the New Year for the 'legacy to mankind', 365 Trees): 291-3 Index 455

Tunis:Jews killed in, 180; and 'Arab Hungarian-born economic adviser, Jews', 256 264; and a New Zealand Jew, 263; and Tunisia: a centre for Jewish religious a Canadian Jew, 264; and a Canadian study in, II8;Jews attacked in, 254 ambassador, 264; a founder of, wins a Turkey: xiii, 8;Jewish exiles in, 72; a Supreme Court victory, 266; a prayer successful intervention in, 94; a false vigil outside New York mission of, Messiah travels through, 155; Russian 339 wars with, 165; Balfour Declaration United Nations Commission on Human and, 198; First World War and, 199, Rights: and Rene Cassin, 199 201 ; former Armenian regions of, 237; United Nations General Assembly: and and Palestine, 246;Armenians the emergence ofIsrael, 245 massacred by, 257; and colourful United Nations Human Rights skullcaps, 338; photographs of, 361 Commission: two American activists Twelve Apostles: and Simon-Peter, 94 on, 267 Twelve Tribes ofIsrael: 16,30,40,45; and United Nations International Children's the Jews of China, 137, 138 Emergency Fund (UNICEF): and a Typhoid: a vaccine for, 200 Nobel Prize, 261 Tyre (Lebanon): gifts from, 40; peace United Nations Special Committee on with, 43 ;joins revolt, 64; becomes an Palestine (UNSCOP): 244-5 ally, 69 United Partisan Organization (Vilna): 217-8 Ukraine:Jews in, 151;and the United States: and assimilation, 88; Chmielnicki massacres, 154-5; and the Jewish immigration to, 169, 170, Haidamak massacres, 157; and the 177-8, 186, 199;Yiddish in, 171;Jews Holocaust, 213, 228, 231; the son of of, 171-8; intervenes on behalf ofJews immigrants from, makes his outside America, 176;' enlightenment' conducting debut, 224; two Jews in, 188; and the Jewish 'economic from, in Alaska, 360 problem', 191 ;Jews of, fight in First Ukrainian Encyclopaedia: and two Jewish World War, 199,201; recruits from, generals, 210 203; 'half-Jews' in, 206;Jewish Uman (Ukraine):Jewish self-defence in, volunteers from, in Spain, 2II; a 157;Jews given land near, 165 Holocaust survivor in, reflects, 218-9; Umayyad dynasty: in Spain, II8 Jews from, and the Second World War, Underground Jerusalem (Charles Warren): 221; a Hasidic leader finds refuge in, 185 224-5; a cartoonist reaches, 225; a Union Army (United States):Jews fight historian finds refuge in, 226; and the in, 176 emergence ofIsrael, 246; Soviet Jews 'Unitary' State: for Palestine, 243 emigrate to, 253 ;Jews reach, from United Nations: xv; and Palestine, Egypt, 255;Jews in, in anti-segregation 244-7,249,255; and the Genocide struggle, 258; and a Yiddish writer's Convention, 257, 258; and a Nobel Prize, 259;Jewish sporting Index

United States (Continued): Victoria Cross:Jewish winners of, 201, prowess in, 261-2; prominent Jews of, 202 265-7; a headmistress from, in Warsaw, Vidal Sassoon Centre for Anti-Semitism 268; its relations with Britain, and the (Tel Aviv): challenges Holocaust Book of Ruth, 284; troops of, enter denial,268-9 Buchenwald, 309; Bar Mitzvah Vienna: Herzl in, 193, 198; Herzl's journeys from, 332; MenorahJournal remains taken to Jerusalem from, published in, 341; and the Jews of 250-1; the magazine Menorah Alaska, 359 published in, 341; a Jew from, makes Universal Declaration of Human Rights his way to Alaska, 361;Auntie Fori's (1948): a Jew drafts, 260 brother escapes to, 369 University College, London: and a Vietnam Folly (Ernest Gruening): 361 European journey, 337 Vietnam War: a Jewish Senator opposes, University ofWashington (Seattle): a 360-1 graduate of, 359 Vietnamese restaurants: kosher, in Israel, unleavened bread: at Passover, 292 32 2 Upper Silesia: 188 Vilna:Jews of, 146; a religious Ur (Mesopotamia): Abraham born in, 9 confrontation in, 160; the fate of a Uriah the Hittite: and King David, 41 university graduate from, 216; a song Ut-Napishtim: becomes a god, 9 of defiance in, 217; liberated, 218; and the Yiddish Scientific Institute Vajpayee, Atal: and the 'precious boon' of (YIVO) , 227; and a 'family' Purim, rest, 355 314-5 Vambery,Arminius (Hermann Vilna Gaon: see index entry Elijah, Gaon Vamberger): his adventurous life, ofVilna 237 Vilnius: 171-2 Vandals: no animus against Jews, 124 Vincennes (Indiana): a pioneering store 'Vanity of vanities ... ': 285 in, 176 Vasco de Gama: 'The Jews killed our Virgin Mary, the: and the 'Maccabean

Saviour. . .', 141 Martyrs', 80 Venice: Polish Jews trade with, 150; Visigoths: persecutions by, 278-9 restrictions ended in, 163; a Hagaddah Vitebsk (Tsarist Russia): a Hasidic from, 296; a pocket book published emigrant to Galilee from, 157 in, 320 Vladimir: a Russian ruler, 147 Verona (Italy): a Jewish partisan killed Vogel, William M.: a friend of Gandhi, near, 221 239 Vichy France: in Syria, 221; a Jewish Volchko (a Jewish customs-holder): victim of, 256 praised, 150 'Vicky' (the cartoonist): 236 Volhynia: and the Holocaust, 213 Victoria, Queen (of England): 42 Volterra,Vito: an airship pioneer, 200 Index 457

Vulgate (Latin Bible): and Moses's horns, German ambassador in, no handshake 28 for, 373 Washington, George: offers the Jews Wadowice (Poland): a doctor from, and 'goodwill', 174, 177 his fate, 2 15 Waskow, Arthur: and ecology in Jewish Wailing Wall: see index entry Western thought, 293 Wall Watch on the Rhine (Lillian Hellman): in Wales: and Canaan, 32 wartime New York, 224 Wall Street (NewYork): a Jewish pioneer 'We survive!': 217 on, 174 wedding ceremony: 303, 333 Wallenberg, Raoul: his Jewish ancestor, Weidenfeld, George: and 'Jewish 205,232; a 'Righteous Gentile', 229, Geography', 361 23 2,235 Weil, Simone: a survivor, and her Wanamaker, Sam: leaves the United distinguished career, 263-4 States for Britain, 267 Weinreich, Max: in Vilna and New York, Wannsee (Berlin): mass murder discussed 227 at, 213 Weiss family: emigrate to the United War ofAttrition (1969-70): and Israel's States, 230 Memorial Day, 300 Weissensee Jewish Cemetery (Berlin): War OfI8I2: 174 Europe's largest, 227 Warren, Charles: and Jewish settlement Weisskopf,Victor: a Nobel Prize winer, in Palestine, 185 261 Warsaw:Jews of, 146; and a Polish­ Weisz, Richard: a Hungarian gold language school for Jews, 164; the medallist, 234 discoverer of vitamins born in, 199; Weisz,Victor: his cartoons, 236 the fate of a doctor from, 215; a Weizmann, Ezer: a future President, 189 historian of, emigrates to the United Weizmann, Chaim: a 'Pripet Marsh' Jew, States, 226; a lecturer in, perishes, 227; 146, 171; 'Let us carry our banner to the Jewish cemetery in, 227; a new Zion ... ', 189; and the Balfour Jewish school in, 268; a Jew from, in Declaration, 189, 198,204; a forest in Alaska, 360 honour of, 293 Warsaw Ghetto: 212, 216; revolt in, 217, Weizmann Institute (Israel): research at, 225; the fate of a historian in, 227; the 362 day of the uprising in, becomes a day Werfel, Franz: and the fate of the of memorial, 302; a photograph from, Armenians, 237 and a 'feeling of guilt', 373 Werth, Alexander: his war reporting, Washington D.c.: and Jerusalem, 40; the 224 Jews of, 60; B. K. Nehru in, 59, 172, Wessely, Naphtali Herz: and the Jewish 205,259; and a proposal to take in Enlightenment, 161; opposes Yiddish, Jewish refugees to Alaska, 363; the 162; supports Hebrew, 163 458 Index

West Bank (of the Jordan): Palestinian Wilson, Harold: and Soviet Jewry, 264 refugees in, 249 wine bottles: and two Israelite kings, 47 West London Synagogue: Hugo Gryn wine-growing: a Jewish activity, 122, 123, at, 145 124,146 West Point (Military Academy): a Jewish Winston, Robert: a pioneer, 265 chaplain at, 327 Wisconsin (USA): a trader in, 175 Western Front (I9I4-I8);Jewish war wisdom: and Solomon, 42-3; and graves on, 201 Solomon's successors, 49 Western Wall ('Wailing Wall'): 89; and Wissotsky, Klonymus Wolf: a salesman the fast of the Ninth ofAv, 291; and for, and the Sabbath, 358 Jerusalem Day, 303; Bar Mitzvah Wittenberg, Henry: an Olympic gold journeys to, 332 medallist, 262 Westphalia:Jews of, granted Wittgenstein, Ludwig: fights in First emancipation, 163 World War, 199 White House (Washington): and Middle Wlodawa (Poland):Jewish artifacts in, East peacemaking, 251; and a festive 337 hanukiyah, 298-9 : helps Jews in 'White Jews' (ofIndia): 141, 142-3 former Soviet Union, 268 White Russia: see index entry Byelorussia World Ort Union: gives technological White Sox (baseball team): and the training, 268 Jewish High Holy Days, 262 World Union ofJewish Students: 'White Terror': in Hungary, 231 provides leadership programmes, 268 Whitechapel (London): recruits from, Worms (Rhineland): Rashi studies in, 203 122;Jews murdered in, 129; an 'whither thou goest, I will go ... ': 282 exponent of gematria in, 324 Widal, Fernand: discovers a vaccine, Wormser, Olivier: his distinguished 200 career, 263 Widder, David Ganos Giszkalay): poet Wouk, Herman: and Maimonides, 128 and editor, 233 Writers' Guild of Great Britain: a Wieliczka (Poland): a deportation from, President of, 267 21 5 Wsielub (Byelorussia): the fate of a Wiesel, Elie: a survivor, wins Nobel doctor in, 216 Prize, 260; 'Let us reject ... fanaticism ... and racial hate', 267 Xerxes, King (of Persia): 3II, 312 Wigoder, Geoffrey: his reflections on Hasidism, 158; his dictionary, 205, 206; yad ('hand'): a pointer used in and Karl Marx, 206 synagogue, 342-3 Wilde, Henry: a survivor, living in Yad Mordechai: a kibbutz, 226 Alaska, 363 Yad Vashem (Holocaust memorial and Wilderness of Sinai: Children ofIsrael museum): an annual ceremony of in, 25-30 remembrance at, 302 Index 459

Yadin,Yigael: and Masada, 97,344; his Yi-Fan: a Chinese-Jewish name, 139 father's journey to Galilee, 105; in Yizkor (memorial service): 281, 306 Israel's War oflndependence, 248 Yolande, Queen (of Provence): protects Yarmuk river: and the Jews of Palestine, Jews, 124 III Yom Kippur: see index entry Day of Yathrib: see index entry Medina Atonement Yauch, Adam: and Tibet, 268 Yop! Kippur Katan (Small Day of Yavne:Jews forced to live in, 97;Jewish Atonement): 310-11 teaching in, 98, 326; closed down, 100 Yom Tov Lippman Heller: and additions Yehiel ben Binyamin: and the 'evil to the Torah, 316 tongue', 328 Yomtob ofYork, Rabbi: and a Day of yellow star: compulsory, 212 Atonement hymn, 277 yellow turban: compulsory, 116 York (England):Jews massacred in, : a Queen from, 44;Jews of, 116, 275 I28, 135, 181;Jews emigrate to YoungTurk Revolution (1908): and a Palestine from, 181;Jews emigrate to 'secret' Jew, 156 Israel from, 250; anti-Zionist feeling Young Winston (film): 267 in, 254; and the 'heavenly Jerusalem', Yugoslavia:Jews of, and the Second 357 World War, 212, 220; refugees from, in Yenuka ('Child'): and Jewish mysticism, Palestine, 225 319 Yukon (Canada): two brothers go to (rabbinical college): in Cracow, Alaska from, 359-60 150 Yung-kuang: a Chinese-Jewish name, Yesud ha-Ma'alah: a Jewish village in 139 Palestine, 188 Yiddish: a Jewish language, 121, 146; and Zagreb (Croatia): and a 'minyan man', Hasidism, 159; and the Jewish 33 0 Enlightenment, 162; opponents of, Zamosc, Israel: and the Jewish 162; phrases in, 165,312; and Jewish Enlightenment, 161, 162 schools, 166; and Russian Jewish life, Zar, Mordechai: a 'secret' Jew, 180 171; and Jews on the move, 171-2; in Zarephath: a widow from, 53, 54 America, 178; and the Spanish Civil Zealots: revolt against Rome, 96, 97 War, 209; and the churban (Holocaust), Zebulun: one ofJacob's sons, 16; and the 211; King Lear in, 224; a historian of, Jews of China, 138 227; and a Nobel Prize, 259; and a Zechariah, Book of: and 'cheerful feasts', Passover Hagaddah, for survivors of 291 the Holocaust, 297; and Purim, 315; Zedekiah: becomes King, 69; his rule, 69; and 'minyan men', 330; and a prayer his fate, 69-70 for the new week, 352 Zeitlin, Joshua: an eastern 'Rothschild', Yiddish Scientific Institute (YIVO): in 165 Vilna and New York, 227 Zelk, Zoltan: a poet and Marxist, 233 Index

Zephaniah, the Prophet: and 'a day of Gandhi, 240-I; declared a crime in trumpets', 275 Iraq, 255; and the Sabbath, 357 Zeus: a sacrifice to, 80; a refusal to Zionist Congress (I897): I94, I97-8 sacrifice to, 8 I Zionist Organisation: founded, I98 Zilpah: Isaac's concubine, I6, I7 Zipporah: Moses' wife, 2I Zimri: becomes king (for a week), 5I Zohar, the: and Jewish mysticism, 3I9 Zinkin, Taya: her ancestors, I65 Zolli, Chief Rabbi: converts to Zion: 'the daugther of', 60, 62; Christianity, 205 'remembered', 70; 'mourners' of, 336 Zoroastrians: and the Inter-Faith Zion Mule Corps: in action at Gallipoli, Network (in Britain), 269 202-3 Zukor, Adolph: in Hollywood, 236 'Zion, shall I not seek thee?': I30 Zunz, Leopold: and 'Jewish Science', Zionism: Hasidism and, I59; its origins, 345-6 I70,I82-3, I86, I87-9,I9I,230;and Zyw, Izaak: his fate, and that of his the Balfour Declaration, 203-4; and family,2I6