DOCSLIB.ORG

Magnetite in a Highly Magnesian Gangue, Originally Chlorite and Actinolite but Now Largely Altered to Talc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Magnetite in a Highly Magnesian Gangue, Originally Chlorite and Actinolite but Now Largely Altered to Talc Durham E-Theses The iron ore deposits of Ulu Rompin, Malaya Bean, J. H. How to cite: Bean, J. H. (1975) The iron ore deposits of Ulu Rompin, Malaya, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8144/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk THE IRON ORE DEPOSITS OP ULU ROMPIN, MALAYA J.H. BEAN The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. being a Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of Durham for the fulfilment of.the Ph.D. degree. DURHAM, EMGLAND NOVEMBER, 1975. SCI£»C ABSTRACT The Ulu Rompin iron deposits axe located in an area of . ' rugged topography in the State of Pahang, Malaya. There are several high grade primary ore bodies and superficial sheets of lateritic ore. The area is underlain by sheared alkalio rhyolite lavas and tuffs in which there are small lenses of sedimentary rocks, carbonates being the most important. There are several small stocks of hornblende granodiorite which probably merge into one larger parental mass at depth. The Bt. Ibam ore body, which is the largest, is a tabular mass of magnetite in a highly magnesian gangue, originally chlorite and actinolite but now largely altered to talc. Underneath the ore there is a thin intermittent layer of calcic skarn, while massive chlorite appears along parts of the hangingwall. A short distance below the footwall there is granodiorite. The Bt. Batu Puteh deposit is magnetite associated with calcite marble, and at Bt, Hitaiii magnetite is found just above granodiorite. At Bt, Pesagi and Bt. Sanlong the primary ore is haematite with very little magnetite. These bodies are located in shear zones in the volcanic rocks, and are not associated with calcic or magnesian minerals. All the ore bodies and country rocks have been pyritized, and other sulphides and sulphosalts have impregnated the Bt. Ibam body. These have produced zones, contaminated by copper and zinc, and to a lesser degree bismuth and lead, Hypogene and supergene alteration have extensively affected the iron ores and rocks and caused some redistribution of the impurity elements. The iron ores probably originated in the cooling granodiorite magma and were transported as chlorides or chloride complexes. The control over the loci of mineralization was partly lithological - magnetite bodies in calcic and magnesian rocks, and partly structural - haematite bodies in shear zones. 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer is indebted to many people for assistance dtiring different stages of this study. To the directors of Rompin Mining Company for permission to study the deposits and the provision of accomodation at Bt. Ibam, and to the Mine Superintendent, Mr. D. Newiok, for help at the mine. The writer has held discussions with many of the company geologists over a period of several years, but is especially indebted to Mr. B.Mellor, Mr. D. Taylor, Mr. M. Muthu- ppalianappan and Mr. P. Muthuveerappan, Professor K.C. Dunham kindly siccepted the writer as a research student, and his successor. Professor G.M.Brown, continued this support. To Mr. R. Phillips, for help and guidance throughout the laboratory studies, the writer is especially grateful. Many colleagues at the University of Durham helped with various aspects of the work, but of particular assistance were Dr. E.H. Emelaus, Mr. G. Rowbotham, Dr. J.G. Holland, Dr. J. Aucott, Dr. Tarik Tugal aJid Mr. M, George. The laboratory technical staff had to cope with a large quantity of material which was highly decomposed and very difficult 'to prepare, and to all of them the writer expresses his gratitude. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMMTS ii LIST OP FIGURES ix LIST OP TABLES xiii I INTRODUCTION Location of Area and Access 1 Physiography 3 History of the Ore Deposits 5 Purpose of Present Study 7 GEOLOGY OF ULU ROMPIN II REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY Regional Geological Environment 9 Previous Geological Studies .. .. .. 13 Stratigraphy of the Mineralized Zone 14 III ACID VOLCANIC ROCKS Introduction .. .. .. .. I7 Classification I9 Petrography .. .. 21 Quartz 22 Feldspars 26 Mica and Chlorite 26 Clay 27 Accessory Minerals 27 Groundmass 28 Lithic Fragments 28 Veins 28 Diffraction Studies 30 Chemical Analyses 30 Metamorphism of Volcanic Rocks 40 IV SEDIMENTARY ROCKS AND SKARNS Introduction 41 Arenaceous Rocks 41 Marble 43 SKARNS Introduction 44 IV Petrography 44 Epidote 46 Garnet 48 Amphibole ^0 Mica 50 Pyroxene ^^ Quartz and Carbonate 51 Chlorite 5I Chemical Composition and Origin 5I INTRUSIVE IGl^TEOUS ROCKS Introduction 54 Petrography 56 Plagioclase 57 Potash Feldspar 58 Quartz 60 Biotite 60 Chlorite 61 Hornblende 61 Accessory Minerals 62 Minor Intrusion .. 62 Chemical Composition 63 Stocks and Aeromagnetic Maps 63 VI STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Introduction . 66 Primary Bedding 66 Foliation 67 Folding 69 Jointing 70 Faulting 72 IRON ORE DEPOSITS VII GENERAL DESCRIPTION Distribution of the Deposits 77 Regional Pattern of Mineralization 80 VIII BUKIT IBAM ORE BODY Surface Features . .. 82 Prospecting 84 Shape of the Ore Body 85 Dimensions of the Mineralized Body 85 Types of Iron Ore and their Distribution 88 IX MINERALOGY OF BUKIT IBAM. (l) IRON MINERALS Introduction 96 Magnetite 96 Macroscopic Features 96 Microscopic Features 101 Polish 101 Parting 101 Colour 103 Crystal Shape 103 Zoning 107 Texture 109 Age 111 Magnetite After Haematite , .111 Diffraction Pattern of Magnetite 114 Oxidation and Hydration of Magnetite 114 Haematite 123 Veinlets and Replaxsements .. .. 124 Martite 127 Haematite with Colloform Goethite 128 Micaceous Haematite .. 129 Diffraction Patterns for Haematite 131 Maghemite 131 Goethite 139 X MINERALOGY OF BUKIT IBAM. (2) PYRITE AND CUPRIFEROUS MINERALS Pyrite 144 Microscopic Properties 144 Pyrite in Massive Iron Ore 147 Pyrite in Gangue and Low Grade Ore 147 Pyrite in Skarn ; 149 Pyrite in Wall Rock 15° Alteration of Pyrite 150 Diffraction Pattern of Pyrite 151 Chalcopyrite 154 Bornite 158 Chaloocite-Neodigenite-Djurleite 158 VI Covellite 166 Cuprite 166 Cuprite-Native Copper I67 Cuprite-Pyrite-Secondary Copper Sulphides .. .. I67 Copper 169 Malachite and Azurite ..' I7I Chalcanthite 171 XI MINERALOGY OF BUKIT IBAM. (3) MINERALS OP ZINC, BISMUTH & LEAD Sphalerite 173 Bismuthinite .. .. I76 Tetradymite 179 Bismutoferrite 179 Galena I85 XII MINERALOGY OF BUKIT lEAM. (4) OTHER ORE MINERALS Tennantite I87 Molybdenite I87 Arsenopyrite I89 Pyrrhotite I89 Gold-Electrum I89 Mixed Manganese Oxides I89 Manganese Oxides in Veins .. .. 191 Chalcophanite 192 Strontiobarytes 192 Siderite .. 194 Chemical Composition 197 Diffraction Pattern I98 XIII MINERALOGY OP BUKIT IBAM. (5) GANGUE MINERALS Introduction 202 Contacts 202 Act indite 205 Chlorite 206 Talc 208 Antigorite 210 Hontronite 211 Kaolinite 211 VI1 Quartz 212 Calcite 213 Blue Mineral Along Footwall .. 213 XIV GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE HJKIT IBAM DEPOSIT Introduction 218 Bulk Composition of the Iron Ore .. .. 219 Minor Elements in Ores and Rocks Magnetite 223 Goethite 228 Pyrite 230 Acid Volcanic Rocks 234 Skarn Rocks 238 Plutonic Rocks 239 Gangue Minerals 240 Distribution of Iron and Trace Elements Iron 240 Copper and Zinc 247 Bismuth 259 Lead 260 Arsenic .. • . • . • 261 Miscellaneous Metallic Elements* 262 Non-Metallic Elements 263 XV THE DEPOSITS AT BUKIT PESAGI AND BUKIT SANLONG Introduction 266 Country Rocks .. .. .. 266 Ore Deposits General Description 267 Primary Ore Bodies 267 Mineralogy 27I Secondary Ore Bodies 280 Geochemistry (I) Iron Ores 281 Geochemistry (2) Coimtry Rocks .. .. 285 XVI THE BUKIT HITAM DEPOSIT The Bukit Hitam Deposit .. 289 Geochemistry • 293 Vlll XVII THE BUKIT BATU PUTEH DEPOSIT The Bukit Batu Puteh Deposit 297 Geochemistry 299 XVIII BUKIT SANAM AND OTHER MINOR DEPOSITS Bukit Sanam 301 Other Minor Deposits 301 XIX GENESIS OP THE ULU ROMPIN ORE DEPOSITS Introduction .. .. .. .. .. ., .. 303 Geological Environment Before Mineralization .. .. 303 The Bukit Ibam Ore Body Previous Interpretations 304 Background Details 308 Source of the Magnesia 310 Formation of the Skarns and Magnesian Rocks and Facies of Metamorphism . .. 313 Iron Oxide Mineralization 318 SixLphide Mineralization 326 Transfer of Materials 327 Physical Conditions During Metamorphism and Metasomatism 329 Late-Stage Mineralization .. 336 Hydrothermal Alteration .. .. 337 Supergene Alteration 339 The Bukit Pesagi and Bukit Sanlong Ore Bodies . .. 344 The Bukit Hitam Ore Body ..... .. 347 The Bukit Batu Put eh Ore Body 348 The Bukit Sanara and Other Minor Deposits 348 XX ORIGIN AND TRANSPORT OF THE IRON Source of the Iron 350 Transport of the Iron 352 XXI MINING METHODS AND QUALITY CONTROL Mining Methods 355 Treatment Plant 356 Transportation 356 Quality Control 356 REFERENCES 358 IX LIST OP FIGURES Figure. 1. Location Map 2 2, Topography of Ulu Rompin Area 4 3, Geological Sketch Map of Southeast Pahang lO/ll 4. Part of the Bt. Ibam Ore Body 18 5- An Example of "Pseudo Agglomerate" 18 6. Phenocryst of ^Q\iartz 23 7. Corroded Quartz Phenocryst .. .. .. 23 8. Rhombohedral Parting in Quartz .. .. 24 9. Recrystaliized Quartz Phenocryst ,. .. .. .. .. 24 10. Reaction Zone Between Quartz and Groundmass ,, ., 25 11. Detail of Pig, 10 25 12. Crystallo-Lithic Tuff 29 13. Normative Feldspar in the Volcanic Rocks 35 14. Triangular Diagram for the Volcanic Rocks 39 15.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Washington State Minerals Checklist
    Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Processing
    Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Design Rules for Discovering 2D Materials from 3D Crystals
    Design Rules for Discovering 2D Materials from 3D Crystals by Eleanor Lyons Brightbill Collaborators: Tyler W. Farnsworth, Adam H. Woomer, Patrick C. O'Brien, Kaci L. Kuntz Senior Honors Thesis Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill April 7th, 2016 Approved: ___________________________ Dr Scott Warren, Thesis Advisor Dr Wei You, Reader Dr. Todd Austell, Reader Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials are championed as potential components for novel technologies due to the extreme change in properties that often accompanies a transition from the bulk to a quantum-confined state. While the incredible properties of existing 2D materials have been investigated for numerous applications, the current library of stable 2D materials is limited to a relatively small number of material systems, and attempts to identify novel 2D materials have found only a small subset of potential 2D material precursors. Here I present a rigorous, yet simple, set of criteria to identify 3D crystals that may be exfoliated into stable 2D sheets and apply these criteria to a database of naturally occurring layered minerals. These design rules harness two fundamental properties of crystals—Mohs hardness and melting point—to enable a rapid and effective approach to identify candidates for exfoliation. It is shown that, in layered systems, Mohs hardness is a predictor of inter-layer (out-of-plane) bond strength while melting point is a measure of intra-layer (in-plane) bond strength. This concept is demonstrated by using liquid exfoliation to produce novel 2D materials from layered minerals that have a Mohs hardness less than 3, with relative success of exfoliation (such as yield and flake size) dependent on melting point.
    [Show full text]
  • A Specific Gravity Index for Minerats
    A SPECIFICGRAVITY INDEX FOR MINERATS c. A. MURSKyI ern R. M. THOMPSON, Un'fuersityof Bri.ti,sh Col,umb,in,Voncouver, Canad,a This work was undertaken in order to provide a practical, and as far as possible,a complete list of specific gravities of minerals. An accurate speciflc cravity determination can usually be made quickly and this information when combined with other physical properties commonly leads to rapid mineral identification. Early complete but now outdated specific gravity lists are those of Miers given in his mineralogy textbook (1902),and Spencer(M,i,n. Mag.,2!, pp. 382-865,I}ZZ). A more recent list by Hurlbut (Dana's Manuatr of M,i,neral,ogy,LgE2) is incomplete and others are limited to rock forming minerals,Trdger (Tabel,l,enntr-optischen Best'i,mmungd,er geste,i,nsb.ildend,en M,ineral,e, 1952) and Morey (Encycto- ped,iaof Cherni,cal,Technol,ogy, Vol. 12, 19b4). In his mineral identification tables, smith (rd,entifi,cati,onand. qual,itatioe cherai,cal,anal,ys'i,s of mineral,s,second edition, New york, 19bB) groups minerals on the basis of specificgravity but in each of the twelve groups the minerals are listed in order of decreasinghardness. The present work should not be regarded as an index of all known minerals as the specificgravities of many minerals are unknown or known only approximately and are omitted from the current list. The list, in order of increasing specific gravity, includes all minerals without regard to other physical properties or to chemical composition. The designation I or II after the name indicates that the mineral falls in the classesof minerals describedin Dana Systemof M'ineralogyEdition 7, volume I (Native elements, sulphides, oxides, etc.) or II (Halides, carbonates, etc.) (L944 and 1951).
    [Show full text]
  • Chapmanite [Fe2sb(Si2o5)O3(OH)]: Thermodynamic Properties and Formation in Low-Temperature Environments
    Eur. J. Mineral., 33, 357–371, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-357-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Chapmanite [Fe2Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH)]: thermodynamic properties and formation in low-temperature environments Juraj Majzlan1, Stefan Kiefer1, Kristina Lilova2, Tamilarasan Subramani2, Alexandra Navrotsky2, Edgar Dachs3, and Artur Benisek3 1Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany 2School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Materials of the Universe, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA 3Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria Correspondence: Juraj Majzlan ([email protected]) Received: 18 March 2021 – Revised: 1 June 2021 – Accepted: 4 June 2021 – Published: 2 July 2021 Abstract. In this work, we have determined or evaluated thermodynamic properties of synthetic Sb2O5, MgSb2O6 (analogue of the mineral byströmite), Mg[Sb(OH)6]2 · 6H2O (brandholzite), and natural chapman- ite [(Fe1:88Al0:12)Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH)]. Enthalpies of reactions, including formation enthalpies, were evaluated using reference compounds Sb, Sb2O3, Sb2O5, and other phases, with high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry in lead borate and sodium molybdate solvents. Heat capacity and entropy were determined by relax- o −1 o −1 −1 ation and differential scanning calorimetry. The best set of 1f H (kJ mol ) and S (J mol K ) is byströmite −1733:0±3:6, 139:3±1:0; brandholzite −5243:1±3:6, 571:0±4:0; and chapmanite −3164:9±4:7, 305:1±2:1. o −1 The data for chapmanite give 1f G of −2973:6 ± 4:7 kJ mol and logK D −17:10 for the dissolution reac- C C ! 3C C 3C C 0 C 0 C tion (Fe1:88Al0:12)Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH) 6H 1.88Fe 0.12Al 2SiO2 Sb(OH)3 2H2O.
    [Show full text]
  • Dictionary of Geology and Mineralogy
    McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Geology and Mineralogy Second Edition McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto All text in the dictionary was published previously in the McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS, Sixth Edition, copyright ᭧ 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY, Second Edi- tion, copyright ᭧ 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1234567890 DOC/DOC 09876543 ISBN 0-07-141044-9 This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing a mini- mum of 50% recycled, de-inked fiber. This book was set in Helvetica Bold and Novarese Book by the Clarinda Company, Clarinda, Iowa. It was printed and bound by RR Donnelley, The Lakeside Press. McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premi- ums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, McGraw-Hill, Professional Publishing, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact your local bookstore. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McGraw-Hill dictionary of geology and mineralogy — 2nd. ed. p. cm. “All text in this dictionary was published previously in the McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms, sixth edition, —T.p.
    [Show full text]
  • Shin-Skinner January 2018 Edition
    Page 1 The Shin-Skinner News Vol 57, No 1; January 2018 Che-Hanna Rock & Mineral Club, Inc. P.O. Box 142, Sayre PA 18840-0142 PURPOSE: The club was organized in 1962 in Sayre, PA OFFICERS to assemble for the purpose of studying and collecting rock, President: Bob McGuire [email protected] mineral, fossil, and shell specimens, and to develop skills in Vice-Pres: Ted Rieth [email protected] the lapidary arts. We are members of the Eastern Acting Secretary: JoAnn McGuire [email protected] Federation of Mineralogical & Lapidary Societies (EFMLS) Treasurer & member chair: Trish Benish and the American Federation of Mineralogical Societies [email protected] (AFMS). Immed. Past Pres. Inga Wells [email protected] DUES are payable to the treasurer BY January 1st of each year. After that date membership will be terminated. Make BOARD meetings are held at 6PM on odd-numbered checks payable to Che-Hanna Rock & Mineral Club, Inc. as months unless special meetings are called by the follows: $12.00 for Family; $8.00 for Subscribing Patron; president. $8.00 for Individual and Junior members (under age 17) not BOARD MEMBERS: covered by a family membership. Bruce Benish, Jeff Benish, Mary Walter MEETINGS are held at the Sayre High School (on Lockhart APPOINTED Street) at 7:00 PM in the cafeteria, the 2nd Wednesday Programs: Ted Rieth [email protected] each month, except JUNE, JULY, AUGUST, and Publicity: Hazel Remaley 570-888-7544 DECEMBER. Those meetings and events (and any [email protected] changes) will be announced in this newsletter, with location Editor: David Dick and schedule, as well as on our website [email protected] chehannarocks.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Bismutoferrite Bife (Sio4)
    3+ Bismutoferrite BiFe2 (SiO4)2(OH) c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: m: Minutely crystalline, powdery, earthy, massive. Physical Properties: Fracture: Even to °at conchoidal when massive. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = n.d. D(meas.) = 4.47 D(calc.) = [5.09] Optical Properties: Semitransparent. Color: Yellow, green. Streak: Light green. Optical Class: Biaxial. ® = 1.93 ¯ = 1.97 ° = 2.01 2V(meas.) = n.d. Cell Data: Space Group: Cm: a = 5.21 b = 9.02 c = 7.74 ¯ = 100±400 Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Schneeberg, Germany; could be confused with chapmanite. 7.63 (100), 3.87 (100), 2.90 (70), 3.18 (50), 3.58 (35), 2.59 (35), 2.53 (25) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) SiO2 23.08 23.9 23.03 Al2O3 0.3 Fe2O3 33.33 29.3 30.60 FeO 1.8 Bi2O3 43.26 42.5 44.64 As2O3 0.08 + H2O 1.8 1.73 Total 99.67 99.7 100.00 3+ 2+ (1) Schneeberg, Germany. (2) Do.; corresponds to Bi0:92(Fe1:86Fe0:25Al0:03)§=2:14Si2O8(OH): (3) BiFe2(SiO4)2(OH): Occurrence: Probably of hydrothermal origin, in veins cutting shale (Schneeberg, Germany). Association: Quartz, \chalcedony," bismuth, cobaltite, arsenopyrite, chlorargyrite (Schneeberg, Germany); quartz, bismuth, galena, silver ores (Johanngeorgenstadt, Germany); clinobisvanite (Lodi # 4 claim, California, USA). Distribution: In Germany, at Schneeberg, Johanngeorgenstadt, and Gersdorf, Saxony. From near Smrkovec, Slavkovsky¶ Les Mountains, about 10 km north-northeast of Mari¶ansk¶e L¶azn·e, Czech Republic. In England, at the South Terras mine, St. Stephen-in-Brannel, and the Hingston Down quarry, Calstock, Cornwall, and at Buckbarrow Beck, Carney Fell, Cumbria.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Scanned
    INDEX TO VOLUNIE 43 Leading articles are in bold face type; notes, abstracts and reviews are iu or- dinary type. Only minerals for which delrnite data are given are indexed. Absorption for rod-shaped single Andreev,Y. K.. 797 crystals, correction for (Buer- Ankerite and dolon'rite,r-ray data ger, Niizeki) 726 for (Howie, Broadhurst). I2I0 Adsorption and retention of an or- Anthoinite (Niggli, Jager) 384 ganic material by montmoril- Arduinite (:mordenite) (Davis) 1224 lonite in the presenceof water Argon and helium, excess, in beryl (Brindley, Rustom). 627 and other minerals (Damon, Ajoite, a new hydrous aluminum Kulp).... ., 433 copper silicate (Schaller, Vli- Arsenolamprite ( :arsenic farsen- sidis) .. tt07 olite) (Padera,Fischer) . 1225 Alkali amphiboles, classilication of Ashby, G. E., and Kellagher, R. C. (Miyashiro, Iwasaki) (An- Apparatus for the study of dreev) 797 thermoluminescence from Alkali feldspars: IV. The cooling minerals 695 hiStory of high-temperature Atchley, F. W. Low-magnifrcation sodium-rich feldspars (Smith, thin-sectionphotography .. 997 MacKenzie). 872 Atoms and ions in miuerals,chart Aller-r, R. D., and Almond, H., showingthe sphereof influence Nonfibrous ulexite from the of (Remick) 166 Kratner District, California 169 Autenrieth,H.. 1221 Almond, H., with Smith, G. L., and Axelrod, J. M., with Milton, C.' Sawyer, D. L. Sassolite from Carron, M. K., and MacNeil, the Kramer borate district, tr'. S. Gorceixite from Dale California 1068 County,Alabama.... 688 with Aller-r. R. D. Non- with Milton, C., and In- llbrous ulexite from the gram, B. Bismutoferrite, chap- Krarner District, California 169 manite and "hypochloritett.. 656 Alttn'rian (:natroalunite) (Moss) 1225 Aluutinum boride monocrystals, (IJ-MnS), unnamed (Baron, Deby- microhardness of (Cotter) 781 ser) .
    [Show full text]
  • Geochemicai Methods for the Discovery of Blind Mineral Deposits
    174 A4/A3 THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY AND ITS USE AS AN INDICATOR ELEMENT IN GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECfING SILVER DEPOSITS - AN OVERVIEW OF THEIR TYPES, GE<X:HEMISTRY, PRODUCTION, AND ORIGIN. GOLD DEPOSITS - AN OVERVIEW OF THEIR TYPES, GEOCHEMISTRY, PROOUCTION, AND ORIGIN PROSPECTING FOR GOLD AND SILVER OEPOSITS SILVER DEPOSITS AND GECX:HEMICAL METHODS OF THEIR DISCOVERY GOLD DEPOSITS AND GEOCHEMICAL METHODS OF THEIR DISCOVERy GeochemicaI methods for the discovery of blind mineral deposits R.W. BOYLE Georogical Survey of Canada Ottawa Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 20 (1984) 223-302 223 Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY AND ITS USE AS AN INDICATOR ELEMENT IN GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECfING R.W. BOYLE and I.R. JONASSON Geological Survev of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ont. K1A OE8 (Canada) (Received October 31, 1983) ABSTRACT Boyle, R.W. and Jonasson, I.R., 1984. The geochemistry of antimony and its use as an indicator element in geochemical prospecting. J. Geochem. Explor., 20: 223-302. The geochemistry of antimony is reviewed, and the use of the element as an indicator in geochemical prospeoting for various types of mineral deposits is outlined. Antimony is widely diffused in many types of mineral deposits, particularly those containing sulphides and sulphosalts. In these and other deposits, antimony commonly accompanies Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ba, U, Sn, Pb, P, As, Bi, S, Se, Te, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Fe, Ni, Co , and Pt metals. Under most conditions antimony is a suitable indicator of deposits of these elements, being particularly useful in geochemical surveys utilizing primary halos in rocks, and secondary halos and trains in soils and glacial materials, stream and lake sediments, natural waters, and to a limited degree vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Chemical Insights Provided Through Vibrational Spectroscopy Sanjai J
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2014 Soil Chemical Insights Provided through Vibrational Spectroscopy Sanjai J. Parikh University of California Davis, [email protected] Keith W. Goyne University of Missouri Andrew J. Margenot University of California Davis Fungai N.D. Mukome University of California Davis Francisco J. Calderón USDA-ARS, Central Great Plains Research Station Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Parikh, Sanjai J.; Goyne, Keith W.; Margenot, Andrew J.; Mukome, Fungai N.D.; and Calderón, Francisco J., "Soil Chemical Insights Provided through Vibrational Spectroscopy" (2014). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. Paper 1471. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/1471 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. CHAPTER ONE Soil Chemical Insights Provided through Vibrational Spectroscopy Sanjai J. Parikh*,1, Keith W. Goyne†, Andrew J. Margenot*, Fungai N.D. Mukome* and Francisco J. Calderón‡ *Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA †Department of Soil, Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA ‡USDA-ARS, Central Great Plains Research Station, Akron, CO, USA 1Corresponding author: e-mail address: [email protected] Contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1 FTIR Spectroscopy 3 1.2 Raman Spectroscopy 5 2.
    [Show full text]
  • IMA Name Chemical Formula (Unformatted) Numbe R in Coll
    Numbe r in IMA Name Chemical Formula (unformatted) Coll. Abernathyite K(UO2)(AsO4)•4(H2O) 1 Acanthite Ag2S >10 Acetamide CO(CH3)(NH2) 1 Actinolite Ca2(Mg,Fe++)5Si8O22(OH)2 >10 Adamite Zn2(AsO4)(OH) >2 Admontite MgB6O10•7(H2O) 1 Aegirine NaFe+++Si2O6 >10 Aenigmatite (Na,Ca)4(Fe++,Ti,Mg)12Si12O40 >2 (Ca,Na)6FeAl(Fe++,Mg)2(Al,Mg)6[Si12O36(OH)12H][(H2O)12(CO3 Aerinite )] 1 Aeschynite-(Ce) (Ce,Ca,Fe)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 >2 Aeschynite-(Y) (Y,Ca,Fe)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 >2 Afghanite (Na,Ca,K)8(Si,Al)12O24(SO4,Cl,CO3)3•(H2O) >2 Afwillite Ca3Si2O4(OH)6 >2 Agardite-(Nd) (Pb,Nd,Y,La,Ca)Cu6(AsO4)3(OH)6•3(H2O) 1 Agardite-(Y) (Y,Ca)Cu6(AsO4)3(OH)6•3(H2O) >2 Agrellite NaCa2Si4O10F 1 Aikinite PbCuBiS3 >2 Ajoite (K,Na)3Cu20Al3Si29O76(OH)16•~8(H2O) >2 Akaganeite Fe+++(O,OH,Cl) 1 Akatoreite (Mn++,Fe++)9Al2Si8O24(OH)8 1 Åkermanite Ca2MgSi2O7 1 Åkermanite-Gehlenite series member, undefined Ca2Mg(Si2O7)-Ca2Al(AlSiO7) >10 Akrochordite Mn4Mg(AsO4)2(OH)4•4(H2O) 1 Aktashite Cu6Hg3As4S12 1 Alabandite MnS >2 Alamosite PbSiO3 1 Albite NaAlSi3O8 >10 Albite, var. Andesine (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8 >10 Albite, var. Oligoclase (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8 >10 Alkali feldspar group, (var. anorthoclase) (Na,K)AlSi3O8 >10 Allactite Mn7(AsO4)2(OH)8 >2 Allanite-(Ce) (Ce,Ca,Y)2(Al,Fe+++)3(SiO4)3(OH) >10 Allargentum Ag1-xSbx(x=0.009-0.16) 1 Alleghanyite Mn5(SiO4)2(OH)2 1 Allophane Al2O3•(SiO2)1.3-2•((H2O))2.5-3 >2 Alluaudite NaCaFe++(Mn,Fe++,Fe+++,Mg)2(PO4)3 >2 Almandine Fe++3Al2(SiO4)3 >10 Alstonite BaCa(CO3)2 >10 Altaite PbTe 1 Althausite Mg2(PO4)(OH,F,O) >2 Alum-(K) KAl(SO4)2•12(H2O) >2 Aluminite Al2(SO4)(OH)4•7(H2O)
    [Show full text]