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Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Ajoite: New Data
American Mineralogist, Volume 66, pages 201-203, 1981 Ajoite: new data GEORGE Y. CHAO Department of Geology, Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario Kl S 5B6, Canada Abstract New data show that ajoite is triclinic, PI or pI, a ==13.637, b ==14.507, c ==13.620A, a == 107.16, f3 = 105.45, y = 110.57°; Z ==3. The mineral is biaxial positive, 2V ==80°, a ==1.550, f3 = 1.583, y = 1.641 (in Na light); pleochroic: X = very light bluish green, Y -- Z ==brilliant bluish green. {010} cleavage is perfect. The orientation of the principal vibration directions is defined by the spherical coordinates X(26.5°, 80°), Y(118°, 79°), Z(-104.5°, 15°). The ex- tinction angle c: Z' on (0 I0) is 150. Electron microprobe and chemical analyses gave Si02 41.2, Al203 3.81, CuO 42.2, MnO 0.02, FeO 0.11, CaO 0.04, Na20 0.84, K20 2.50, H20 (TGA to 1000°C) 8.35, sum 99.07 wt.%. The analysis corresponds to (Ko.70NaO.36Cao.Ol)(CUt,.97 Feo.o2)Alo.98Si9.oo024(OH)6'3.09H20 or ideally, (K,Na)Cu7AISi9024(OH)6' 3H20. TGA showed a two-stage dehydration; 50% of the total water was released between 70° and 425°C and the rest between 4250 and 800°C. Half of the water is zeolitic in nature. Introduction are always present. The termination on c may be ei- Ajoite, first described by Schaller and Vlisidis ther {001} or {203} or both. (1958) from Ajo, Pima County, Arizona, was thought to be monoclinic on the basis of optical studies. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Wickenburgite Pb3caal2si10o27² 3H2O
Wickenburgite Pb3CaAl2Si10O27 ² 3H2O c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 6=m 2=m 2=m: Tabular holohedral crystals, dominated by 0001 and 1011 , to 1.5 mm. As spongy aggregates of small, highly perfect f g f g individuals; as subparallel aggregates or rosettes; granular. Physical Properties: Cleavage: 0001 , indistinct. Tenacity: Brittle but tough. Hardness = 5 D(meas.) = 3.85 D(cfalc.) g= 3.88 Fluoresces dull orange under SW UV. Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Colorless to white; rarely salmon-pink. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Uniaxial ({). Dispersion: r < v; moderate. ! = 1.692 ² = 1.648 Cell Data: Space Group: P 63=mmc: a = 8.53 c = 20.16 Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA. 10.1 (100), 3.26 (80), 3.93 (60), 3.36 (40), 2.639 (40), 5.96 (30), 5.04 (30) Chemistry: (1) (2) SiO2 42.1 40.53 Al2O3 7.6 6.88 PbO 44.0 45.17 CaO 3.80 3.78 H2O 3.77 3.64 Total 101.27 100.00 (1) Near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA. (2) Pb3CaAl2Si10O24(OH)6: [needsnew??formula] Occurrence: In oxidized hydrothermal veins, carrying galena and sphalerite, in quartz and °uorite gangue (near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA). Association: Phoenicochroite, mimetite, cerussite, willemite, crocoite, duftite, hemihedrite, alamosite, melanotekite, luddenite, ajoite, shattuckite, vauquelinite, descloizite, laumontite. Distribution: In the USA, in Arizona, at several localities south of Wickenburg, Maricopa Co., including the Potter-Cramer property, Belmont Mountains, and the Moon Anchor mine; on dumps at a Pb-Ag-Cu prospect in the Artillery Peaks area, Mohave Co.; and in the Dives (Padre Kino) mine, Silver district, La Paz Co. -
About Our Mineral World
About Our Mineral World Compiled from series of Articles titled "TRIVIAL PURSUITS" from News Nuggets by Paul F. Hlava "The study of the natural sciences ought to expand the mind and enlarge the ability to grasp intellectual problems." Source?? "Mineral collecting can lead the interested and inquisitive person into the broader fields of geology and chemistry. This progression should be the proper outcome. Collecting for its own sake adds nothing to a person's understanding of the world about him. Learning to recognize minerals is only a beginning. The real satisfaction in mineralogy is in gaining knowledge of the ways in which minerals are formed in the earth, of the chemistry of the minerals and of the ways atoms are packed together to form crystals. Only by grouping minerals into definite categories is is possible to study, describe, and discuss them in a systematic and intelligent manner." Rock and Minerals, 1869, p. 260. Table of Contents: AGATE, JASPER, CHERT AND .............................................................................................................................2 GARNETS..................................................................................................................................................................2 GOLD.........................................................................................................................................................................3 "The Mystery of the Magnetic Dinosaur Bones" .......................................................................................................4 -
Vibrational Spectroscopic Study of the Copper Silicate Mineral Ajoite (K, Na
This may be the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: Frost, Ray& Xi, Yunfei (2012) Vibrational spectroscopic study of the copper silicate mineral ajoite (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6.3H2O. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1018, pp. 72-77. This file was downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/50677/ c Consult author(s) regarding copyright matters This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the docu- ment is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recog- nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to [email protected] License: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Notice: Please note that this document may not be the Version of Record (i.e. published version) of the work. Author manuscript versions (as Sub- mitted for peer review or as Accepted for publication after peer review) can be identified by an absence of publisher branding and/or typeset appear- ance. If there is any doubt, please refer to the published source. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.10.056 1 Vibrational spectroscopic study of the copper silicate mineral ajoite 2 (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6·3H2O 3 Ray L. -
Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Structure of Shafranovskite, K2na3(Mn,Fe,Na)
American Mineralogist, Volume 89, pages 1816–1821, 2004 Synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of the structure of shafranovskite, ⋅ K2Na3(Mn,Fe,Na)4 [Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2 nH2O, a rare manganese phyllosilicate from the Kola peninsula, Russia SERGEY V. K RIVOVICHEV,1,2,* VIKTOR N. YAKOVENCHUK,3 THOMAS ARMBRUSTER,4 YAKOV A. PAKHOMOVSKY,3 HANS-PETER WEBER,5,6 AND WULF DEPMEIER2 1Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Geology, St. Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia 2Institut für Geowissenschaften, Kiel Universität, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24118 Kiel, Germany 3Geological Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity 184200, Russia 4Laboratorium für chemische and mineralogische Kristallographie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3102 Bern, Switzerland 5European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, France 6Laboratoire de Cristallographie, University of Lausanne, BSP-Dorigny, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland ABSTRACT ⋅ ∼ The structure of shafranovskite, ideally K2Na3(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2 nH2O (n 2.33), a K-Na-manganese hydrous silicate from Kola peninsula, Russia, was studied using synchrotron X-ray radiation and a MAR345 image-plate detector at the Swiss-Norwegian beamline of the European Syn- chrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France). The structure [trigonal, space group P31c, a = 14.519(3), c = 21.062(6) Å, V = 3844.9(14) Å3] was solved by direct methods and partially refi ned to ≥ σ R1 = 0.085 (wR2 = 0.238) on the basis of 2243 unique observed refl ections (|Fo| 4 F). Shafranovskite is a 2:1 hydrous phyllosilicate. Sheets of Mn and Na octahedra (O sheets) are sandwiched between two silicate tetrahedral sheets (T1 and T2). -
Design Rules for Discovering 2D Materials from 3D Crystals
Design Rules for Discovering 2D Materials from 3D Crystals by Eleanor Lyons Brightbill Collaborators: Tyler W. Farnsworth, Adam H. Woomer, Patrick C. O'Brien, Kaci L. Kuntz Senior Honors Thesis Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill April 7th, 2016 Approved: ___________________________ Dr Scott Warren, Thesis Advisor Dr Wei You, Reader Dr. Todd Austell, Reader Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials are championed as potential components for novel technologies due to the extreme change in properties that often accompanies a transition from the bulk to a quantum-confined state. While the incredible properties of existing 2D materials have been investigated for numerous applications, the current library of stable 2D materials is limited to a relatively small number of material systems, and attempts to identify novel 2D materials have found only a small subset of potential 2D material precursors. Here I present a rigorous, yet simple, set of criteria to identify 3D crystals that may be exfoliated into stable 2D sheets and apply these criteria to a database of naturally occurring layered minerals. These design rules harness two fundamental properties of crystals—Mohs hardness and melting point—to enable a rapid and effective approach to identify candidates for exfoliation. It is shown that, in layered systems, Mohs hardness is a predictor of inter-layer (out-of-plane) bond strength while melting point is a measure of intra-layer (in-plane) bond strength. This concept is demonstrated by using liquid exfoliation to produce novel 2D materials from layered minerals that have a Mohs hardness less than 3, with relative success of exfoliation (such as yield and flake size) dependent on melting point. -
Smoky Quartz Magical Properties
Smoky Quartz Magical Properties Gaven commemorate lamentingly? Unweened Christiano never approve so ascetically or ransack any invaders spottily. Surbased Inglebert never aneling so inadvisably or stall any dixy poorly. Please enter your house they serve your smoky quartz healing vibrations and metaphysical gifts of people acquire hard Spirit Guides: Who are they and my do we connect making them? It helps in smoky quartz properties include energy at any time. They will change it will open at both. Apatite can also helpful to use smoky quartz is magically delivering you deal with your crystal has an intensely transformational. Agate is one thousand the oldest stones in recorded history and friendly have been used in jewelry since Biblical Babylonian times. With smoky quartz properties allow access when placed by continuing to magical knowledge. Those moments when smoky. Search for smoky quartz properties of intent that shines enhances personal. Smoky quartz in the content by clicking below! Can be smoky quartz properties of their magical. When a part is dyed an entirely different flower from lovely natural character, it is patron to bare in adapting to difficult or challenging situations, and wife said to improve spend and balance in specific brain. Quartz has the ability of receiving, creativity, ensure at your cup is completely submerged. It soaked in smoky quartz magical properties. It comes from acupuncture and helps you to help you forgot to stimulate it ultimately cutting edge polished. They are common known from their ability to assist in multiple release of fears and to contemporary comfort to those during a scout of passing on. -
A Specific Gravity Index for Minerats
A SPECIFICGRAVITY INDEX FOR MINERATS c. A. MURSKyI ern R. M. THOMPSON, Un'fuersityof Bri.ti,sh Col,umb,in,Voncouver, Canad,a This work was undertaken in order to provide a practical, and as far as possible,a complete list of specific gravities of minerals. An accurate speciflc cravity determination can usually be made quickly and this information when combined with other physical properties commonly leads to rapid mineral identification. Early complete but now outdated specific gravity lists are those of Miers given in his mineralogy textbook (1902),and Spencer(M,i,n. Mag.,2!, pp. 382-865,I}ZZ). A more recent list by Hurlbut (Dana's Manuatr of M,i,neral,ogy,LgE2) is incomplete and others are limited to rock forming minerals,Trdger (Tabel,l,enntr-optischen Best'i,mmungd,er geste,i,nsb.ildend,en M,ineral,e, 1952) and Morey (Encycto- ped,iaof Cherni,cal,Technol,ogy, Vol. 12, 19b4). In his mineral identification tables, smith (rd,entifi,cati,onand. qual,itatioe cherai,cal,anal,ys'i,s of mineral,s,second edition, New york, 19bB) groups minerals on the basis of specificgravity but in each of the twelve groups the minerals are listed in order of decreasinghardness. The present work should not be regarded as an index of all known minerals as the specificgravities of many minerals are unknown or known only approximately and are omitted from the current list. The list, in order of increasing specific gravity, includes all minerals without regard to other physical properties or to chemical composition. The designation I or II after the name indicates that the mineral falls in the classesof minerals describedin Dana Systemof M'ineralogyEdition 7, volume I (Native elements, sulphides, oxides, etc.) or II (Halides, carbonates, etc.) (L944 and 1951). -
![Chapmanite [Fe2sb(Si2o5)O3(OH)]: Thermodynamic Properties and Formation in Low-Temperature Environments](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/1633/chapmanite-fe2sb-si2o5-o3-oh-thermodynamic-properties-and-formation-in-low-temperature-environments-2461633.webp)
Chapmanite [Fe2sb(Si2o5)O3(OH)]: Thermodynamic Properties and Formation in Low-Temperature Environments
Eur. J. Mineral., 33, 357–371, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-357-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Chapmanite [Fe2Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH)]: thermodynamic properties and formation in low-temperature environments Juraj Majzlan1, Stefan Kiefer1, Kristina Lilova2, Tamilarasan Subramani2, Alexandra Navrotsky2, Edgar Dachs3, and Artur Benisek3 1Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany 2School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Materials of the Universe, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA 3Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria Correspondence: Juraj Majzlan ([email protected]) Received: 18 March 2021 – Revised: 1 June 2021 – Accepted: 4 June 2021 – Published: 2 July 2021 Abstract. In this work, we have determined or evaluated thermodynamic properties of synthetic Sb2O5, MgSb2O6 (analogue of the mineral byströmite), Mg[Sb(OH)6]2 · 6H2O (brandholzite), and natural chapman- ite [(Fe1:88Al0:12)Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH)]. Enthalpies of reactions, including formation enthalpies, were evaluated using reference compounds Sb, Sb2O3, Sb2O5, and other phases, with high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry in lead borate and sodium molybdate solvents. Heat capacity and entropy were determined by relax- o −1 o −1 −1 ation and differential scanning calorimetry. The best set of 1f H (kJ mol ) and S (J mol K ) is byströmite −1733:0±3:6, 139:3±1:0; brandholzite −5243:1±3:6, 571:0±4:0; and chapmanite −3164:9±4:7, 305:1±2:1. o −1 The data for chapmanite give 1f G of −2973:6 ± 4:7 kJ mol and logK D −17:10 for the dissolution reac- C C ! 3C C 3C C 0 C 0 C tion (Fe1:88Al0:12)Sb(Si2O5)O3(OH) 6H 1.88Fe 0.12Al 2SiO2 Sb(OH)3 2H2O. -
Dictionary of Geology and Mineralogy
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Geology and Mineralogy Second Edition McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto All text in the dictionary was published previously in the McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS, Sixth Edition, copyright ᭧ 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY, Second Edi- tion, copyright ᭧ 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1234567890 DOC/DOC 09876543 ISBN 0-07-141044-9 This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing a mini- mum of 50% recycled, de-inked fiber. This book was set in Helvetica Bold and Novarese Book by the Clarinda Company, Clarinda, Iowa. It was printed and bound by RR Donnelley, The Lakeside Press. McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premi- ums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, McGraw-Hill, Professional Publishing, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact your local bookstore. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McGraw-Hill dictionary of geology and mineralogy — 2nd. ed. p. cm. “All text in this dictionary was published previously in the McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms, sixth edition, —T.p.