Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 1999-10

ISSN: 1043-3546 PERIODICALS 6200 Aurora Avenue*Suite 200W Des Moines, lowa*USA*50322

DAIRY, FDDD AND ENVIRONMENTAL

A PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ElVWMONMENTAL SANITARIANS, li OCTOBER 1999

Call for 2000mrsi d Awards 2000 lAMFES Sea

MMIfiMNHMMiiliN Cooking food to the Cook it proper internal temperature is one of four key steps to Tight BAC! and prevent foodborne illness. "Cook It Safely" - in Safely! September and every day of the year. %ri,

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Reader Service No. 115 Reader Service No. 102

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, food and Environmental Sanitation 665 ABOUT THE COVER... DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL Photo courtesy of VICAM, depicts their new T-2 TAG, o rapid test kit for detection of the toxic tricothecene mycotoxin T-2. VICAM also has a full line of existing mycotoxin kits for the detection of Aflatoxin, Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisin, Ochra- toxin, and Zearalenone which can be used with HPLC or flurometric methods. Use of this photo does not imply endorsement of any product by lAMFES. Sanitation A PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS. INC

Articles

Efficacy Evaluation of Eour Hand Cleansing Regimens for Food Handlers.680 Daryl S. Paulson, Carol Riccardi, Christopher M. Beausoleil, Eleanor J. Fendler, MichaelJ. Dolan, Lois V. Dunkerton, and Ronald A. Williams

Seasonal Variation of Somatic Cell Count and Chemical Composition in Bulk Tank Goat Milk.685 S. S. Zeng, T Popham, and E. N. Escobar

Thoughts on Today’s Food Safety... Environmental Update: Dairy Issues.728 Carissa Itle

Association News_

Sustaining Members.672 Quotations From Jack.674 Commentary From the Executive Director.676 New lAMFES Members.694 lAMFES Affiliate Officers.696

Departments

Updates.701 News.702 Industry' Products.707 Business Exchange.718 Advertising Index.718 Coming Events.721

Extras

Letter to the Editor.678 Reflections from the Past.691 lAMFES Awards Nominations.711 Call for 2000 Abstracts.712 LAMFES Booklet Order Form.725 LAMFES Membership Application.727

The publishers do not warrant, either expressly or by implication, the factual accuracy of the articles or descriptions herein, nor do they so warrant any views or opinions offered by the authors of said articles and descriptions.

666 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 DQCI Services, Inc. Bacteriological S Chemical Testing

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Reader Service No. 129

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Reader Service No. 103

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 667 r

DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC. 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA 800.369.6337 or 515.276.3344; Fax: 515.276.8655 Sanitation A PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC

Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation (ISSN-1043-3546) is DFES JOURNAL STAFF published monthly beginning with the January number by the International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc. 6200 Aurora David W. Tharp: Executive Director Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA. Each volume I E-mail: [email protected] comprises 1 2 numbers. Printed by Heuss Printing, Inc., 91 1 N. Second Street, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. Periodical Postage paid at Des Moines, Iowa j Lisa K. Hovey: Managing Editor 5031 8 and additional entry offices. E-mail: [email protected] Manuscripts: Correspondence regarding manuscripts should be addressed Donna A. Bahun: Production Editor to Donna A. Bahun, Production Editor, lAMFES, Inc. E-mail: [email protected] News Releases, Updates, Coming Events and Cover Photos: Correspondence for these materials should be sent to Donna A. Bahun, Pam J. Wanninger: Proofreader Production Editor, lAMFES, Inc. j E-mail: [email protected] "Instructions for Authors" may be obtained from our Web site at www.iamfes.org or from Donna A. Bahun, Production Editor, lAMFES, Inc.

lAMFES STAFF Orders for Reprints: All orders should be sent to Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, lAMFES, Inc. Note: Single copies of David W. Tharp: Executive Director reprints are not available from this address; address single copy reprint E-mail: [email protected] requests to principal author. Lisa K. Hovey: Assistant Director Reprint Permission: Questions regarding permissian to reprintany portion E-mail: [email protected] of Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation should be addressed to: Donna A. Bahun, Praduction Editor, lAMFES, Inc. Donna A. Bahun: Design and Layout Business Matters: Correspondence regarding business matters should E-mail: [email protected] be addressed to Lisa K. Hovey, Managing Editor, lAMFES, Inc. Julie A. Cattanach: Membership Services Membership Dues: Membership in the association is available to individ¬ E-mail: [email protected] uals. Dues include a 12-month subscription to Dairy, Food and Environ¬ mental Sanitation at a rate of $85.00 US, $95.00 Canada/Mexico, and Lucia Collison: Association Services $ 1 10.00 International. Dues including Dairy, Food and Environmental E-mail: [email protected] Sanitation and the Journal of Food Protection are $140.00 US, : Bev Corron: Public Relations $165.00 Canada/Mexico, and $210.00 International. Student member¬ ships are available with verificatian of student status. Student rates are $42.50 I E-mail: [email protected] US, $52.50 Canada/Mexico, and $67.50 International for Dairy, Food I Karla K. Jordan: Order Processing and Environmental Sanitation; $42.50 US, $57.50 Canada/Mexico, j E-mail: [email protected] and $87.50 International for Journal of Food Protection; and $70.00 US, $95.00 Canada/Mexico, and $ 140.00 International far Dairy, Food I Beth Miller: Accounting Assistant and Environmental Sanitation and Journal of Food Protection. All E-mail: [email protected] membership dues include shipping and handling. No cancellations accepted. Correspondence regarding changes of address and dues must be sent to Julie Pam J. Wanninger: Proofreader A. Cattanach, Membership Services, lAMFES, Inc. E-mail: [email protected] Sustaining Membership: A sustaining membership in lAMFES is available Tanya L. Wheeler: Audiovisual Library Coordinator to companies at a rate of $525.00 per year. For more information, contact E-mail: [email protected] Julie A. Cattanach, Membership Services, lAMFES, Inc.

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668 Dairy, food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 Don't miss IVI a single issue. please notify us o as soon as possible.

Send your address changes to: V Julie Cattanach lAMFES 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W 1 Des Moines, lA 50322-2863 or call 800.369.6337; 515.276.3344; III Fax: 515.276.8655; E-mail: [email protected]

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Thank you for keeping your membership current.

Temporary Set-Ups Need SNEEZEGUARDS Too! with PETROL-GEL The KM miiKmy taMemt, Pitrol-6«i is tsstsisss smI oter- iMt. Rswiniiisiidsi nes: raKitess KmI iMm, Ics Crsmi Ffsmn. Homoowrinr PMsm, M SIMs Msetaa- Isms, CssIrifigiH Pmstts. CoMKimiss Frssan, SsstaMs sad Swris, asd “O^Rhi^. Ths U.S. Ospwlmtsl ol RgrlcMIws il-Li" i iiii r li» 1' Mid M Sm mskhii m Palroi-GtI. PRCKMB) 1112 Kwr omcs MfeM

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Reader Service No. 161 Reader Service No. 122

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 669 DAIRY. FOQD AND ENVIRONMENTAL lAMFES Annual Meetings Sanitation A PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC

lAMFES EXECUTIVE BOARD

President, Jack Guzewich, Food and Drug Administration, Division of Enforcement and Programs, HFS-605, 200 C Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204-0001; Phone: 202.260.3847; E-mail: [email protected] ^ 2000 President-Elect, Jenny Scott, National Food Processors Association, 1 350 I Street N.W., Suite 300, Washington, D.C. 20005-3305; Phone: 202.639.5985; E-mail: August 6-9 [email protected]

Vice President, James S. Dickson, Iowa State University, Department of Micro¬ Hilton Atlanta biology, 207 Science I, Ames, lA 5001 1-0001; Phone: 515.294.4733; E-mail: Atlanta, Georgia [email protected]

Secretary, Anna M. Lammerding, Health Canada, Health Protection Branch, 1 10 Stone Road W., Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 3W4; E-mail: anna_lammerding@ hc-sc.gc.ca

Past President, Robert E. Brackett, University of Georgia, Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement, GA Experiment Station, Griffin, GA 30223-1797; . 2001] Phone: 770.412.4735; E-mail: [email protected] Affiliate Council Chair, Randy Daggs, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, 1 West August 5-8 Wilson Street, Madison, Wl 53701; Phone: 608.266.9376; E-mail: daggsra@ dhfs.state.wi.us Hilton Minneapolis Minneapolis, Minnesota EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

David W. Tharp, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863; Phone: 515.276.3344; E-mail: [email protected]

SCIENTIFIC EDITOR 2002 William LaGrange, Ph.D., Iowa State University, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Food Sciences Building, Ames, IA5001 1 -0001; Phone: June 30-July 3 515.294.3 1 56; Fax: 51 5.294.8181; E-mail: [email protected] Hyatt Regency San Diego SCIENCE NEWS EDITOR

San Diego, California Doug Powell, Ph.D., University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1 Canada; Phone: 519.570.3928; Fax: 519.824.6631; E-mail: [email protected]

"The mission of lAMFES is to provide food safety professionals worldwide with a forum to exchange information on protecting the food supply."

670 OaifY, Food and Environmental Sonitotion - OCTOBER 1999 GARY ACUFF. .College Station, TX JULIE A. ALBRECHT. .Lincoln, NE JEAN ALLEN. .Toronto, Ontario, CAN KEVIN ANDERSON. .Ames, lA HAROLD BENGSCH. .Springfield, MO THOMAS G. BOUFFORD. .St. Paul, MN BOB BRADLEY. .Madison, Wl CHRISTINE BRUHN. .Davis, CA JOHN BRUHN. .Davis, CA LLOYD BULLERMAN. .Lincoln, NE DONNA CHRISTENSEN. .Calgary, Alberta, CAN WARREN S. CLARK. .Chicaga, IL WILLIAM W. COLEMAN. .Fargo, ND JANET E. COLLINS. .Arlington, VA PETE COOK. .Mt. Airy, MD NELSON COX. .Athens, GA CARL CUSTER. .Washington, D.C. CATHERINE CUHER. .Clay Center, NE JIM DICKSON. .Ames, lA ANN DRAUGHON. .Knoxville, TN RUTH FUQUA. .Mt. Juliet, TN JILLGEBLER. .Yarram, Victoria, AU THOMAS M. GILMORE. .McLean, VA B. A. GLATZ. .Ames, lA DAVID GOMBAS. .Washington, D.C. DAVID HENNING. .Brookings, SD CHARLOHE HINZ. .Leroy, NY JOHN HOLAH. .Gloucestershire, U.K. JILL HOLLINGSWORTH. .Washington, D.C. JIM HUSS. .Ames, lA ELIZABETH JOHNSON. .Columbia, SC SUSAN KLEIN. .Des Moines, lA SHERRI L. KOCHEVAR. .Greeley, CO DOUG LORTON. .Fulton, KY PAUL MARTIN. .Chicago, IL LYNN MCMULLEN. .Edmonton, Alberta, CAN JOHN MIDDLETON. Manukau City, Auckland, N.Z. CATHERINE NEHLES-CUHER .Clay Center, NE CHRIS NEWCOMER. .Cincinnati, OH DEBBYNEWSLOW. .Orlanda, FL FRED PARRISH. .Ames, lA DARYL PAULSON. .Bozeman, MT DAVID PEPER. .Sioux City, lA CHARLES PRICE. .Lombard, IL MICHAEL PULLEN. .White Bear Lake, MN K. T. RAJKOWSKI. .Wyndmoor, PA LAWRENCE A. ROTH. .Edmonton, Alberta, CAN ROBERT SANDERS. .Pensacola, FL RONALD H. SCHMIDT. .Gainesville, FL JOE SEBRANK. .Ames, lA DAVE SMITH. .Nepean, Ontario, CAN PETE SNYDER. .St. Paul, MN JOHN SOFOS. .Ft. Collins, CO LEO TIMMS. .Ames, lA P. C. VASAVADA. .River Falls, Wl E. R. VEDAMUTHU. .Rochester, MN

OCTOBER 1999 - Doiry, Food and Environmental Sanitation 671 SustainingMembers

3-A Symbol Council, 1500 Second Chr. Hansen, Inc,, 9015 W. Maple Educational Foundation of the Ave., SE, Suite 209, Cedar Rapids, lA St., Milwaukee, WI 53214; 414.607. National Restaurant Assn., 250 S. 52403; 319.286.9221 5700 Wacker Dr., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60606-3834; 800.765.2122 3M Microbiology Products, 3M CIAD A.C., Carr. A La Victoria Km 0.6, Center, Bldg. 275, St. Paul, MN Hermosillo, Sonora MEXICO 83000; Electrol Specialties Company, 55144-1000; 6l2.733.9558 52.62.80.0057 441 Clark St., South Beloit, IL 61080; 815.389.2291 ABC Research, 3437 S.W. 24th Ave., Cogent Technologies Ltd., 11140 Gainesville, FL 32607; 352.372.0436 Luschek Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45241; Evergreen Packaging, Division of International Paper, 2400 6th St., Advanced Instruments, Inc., Two 513.469.6800 S.W., Cedar Rapids, lA 52406; 319. Technology Way, Norwood, ,MA DQCI Services, Inc., 5205 Quincy 399.3236 02062; 781.320.9000 St., Mounds View, iMN 55112-1400; F & H Food Equipment Co., P.O. Anderson Instrument Co., 156 612.785.0484 Auriesville Road, Fultonville, NY Box 3985, Springfield, MO 65808; 12072; 518.922.5315 DARDEN Restaurants, P.O. Box 417.881.6114 593330, Orlando, FL 32859-3330; FoodHandler, 514 Grand Blvd., ASI Food Safety Consultants, Inc,, 407.245.5330 ■’625 PageBlvd., St. Louis, M063133; Westbury , NY 11590; 800.338.4433 800.477.0778 Darigold, Inc., 635 Elliott Ave. W., Foss North America, Inc., 7682 P.O. Box 79007, W. Seattle, WA Executive Dr., Eden Prairie, MN Audits International, 1899 Second 98119; 206.286.6772 St., Highland Park, IL 60035-3113; 55344-3677; 612.974.9892 847.433.0900 Dean Foods, P.O. Box 7005, Rock¬ ford, IL 61101-7005; 815.962.0647 FRM Chem, Inc., P O Box 207, Becton Dickinson Microbiology Washington, MO 63090; 314.583. Systems,Inc,Loveton Circle, Sparks, Decagon Devices, 950 N.E. Nelson 4360 MD 21152-9212; 410.584.8959 Court, P.O. Box 835, Pullman, WA 99163; 509.332.2756 Gardex Chemicals Ltd,, 7 Merid¬ Bentley Instruments, Inc., 4004 ian Road, Etobicoke, ON M9W 4Z6; Peavey Road, Chaska, MN 55318; DiverseyLeverDuBois, 255 E. Fifth 800.563.4273 612.448.7600 St., Suite 1200, Cincinnati, OH 45202- 4799; 513.762.6794 GENE-TRAK Systems, 94 South St., BioControl Systems, Inc., 12822 Hopkinton, MA 01748; 508.435.7400 SE 32nd St., Bellevoie, WA 98005; DonLevy & Associates, Inc., 1551 425.603.1123 E. 89th Ave., Merrillville, IN 46410; Glo Germ Company, 150 E. Cen¬ 219.736.0472 ter St., Moab, LIT 84532-2430; Biolog, Inc., 3938 Trust Way, Hay¬ 800.842.6622 ward, CA 94545; 510.785.2564 DSM Food Specialties, N89 W14475 Patrita Dr., Menomonee bioMerieux, Inc., 595 Anglum Great Western Chemical Co,, 1717 Falls, Wl 53051; 414.255.7955 Road, Hazelwood, MO 63042-2320; E. Fargo, Nampa, ID 83687-6827; 208.466.8437 8(K).638.4835 Dynal, Inc., 5 Delaware Dr., Lake Capitol Vial, Inc., 4525 E. Skyline, Success, NY 11042; 5l6.326.3270 IBA, Inc,, 27 Providence Road, P.O. Suite 105, Tucson, AZ 85718-1600; Eaton Hall Expositions, 256 Box 31, Millbury, MA 01527; 508. 602.529.0788 Columbia Turnpike, Florham Park, 865.6911 NJ 07932; 800.746.9646 Capitol Wholesale Meats, 911 W. IDEXX Laboratories, Inc,, One 37th Place, Chicago, IL 60609-1412; Ecolah, Inc., 370 Wabasha St. N., Idexx Dr., Westbrook, ME 04092; 773.890.0600 St. Paul, MN 55102; 612.293 2364 207.856.0300

672 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 SustainingMembers

Innovative Cleaning Equipment, The National Food Laboratory, Qualicon, A DuPont Subsidiary, 4445 44th St., Grand Rapids, MI 6363 Clark Ave., Dublin, CA 94568; P.O. Box 80357, Wilmington, DE 49512; 616.285.6055 510.551.4231 19880-0357; 302.695.2262

International BioProducts, Inc., National Food Processors Asso¬ R-Tech, P.O. Box 64101, St. Paul, 14780 N.E. 95th St., Redmond, WA ciation, 1350 I St. N.W., Suite 300, MN 55164-0101; 800.328.9687 98052; 425.883.1349 Washington, D C. 20005-3305; 202.639.5985 Raven Biological Labs, 860" Park International Dairy' Foods Asso¬ Dr., Omaha, NE 68127; 402.593. Nelson-Jameson, Inc., 2400 ciation, 1250 H St. N.W., Suite 900, 0'^81 Washington, D.C. 20005; 202.737. E. Fifth St., P.O. Box 647, Marshfield, 4332 WI 54449-0647; 715.387.1151 REMEL, Inc., 12076 Santa Fe Dr., Lenexa, KS 66215-3594; 800.255. Neogen Corporation, 620 Lesher J. J. Keller & Associates, 3003 6730 W. Breezewood Lane, Neenah, WI Place, Lansing, MI 48912; 51^. 54957-0368; 920.720.7625 372.9200 Rhodia, Inc., P.O. B<3x 592, Mad¬ ison, WI 53‘'01; 800.356.9393 KenAgInc.,101 E. 7th St., Ashland, NESTLE USA, Inc., 800 N. Brand OH 44805; 800.338.7953 Blvd., Glendale, CA 91203; 818. Rochester Midland Corp., 333 549.5799 Hollenbeck St., Rochester, NY Kraft Foods, Inc., 801 Waukegan 14621; 716.336.2360 Road, Glenview, IL 60025; 847.646. Norton Performance Plastics 3678 Corp., P.O. Box 3660, Akron, OH Ross Laboratories, 3300 Stelzer 44309-3660; 216.'’98.9240 Road, (Columbus, OH 43219; 614. Land O’Lakes, Inc., P.O. Box 624.3"85 64101, St. Paul, MN 55164-0101; Organon Teknika Corp., 1(K) Akzo 612.481.2870 Ave., Durham, NC 27712; 919.620. Seiberling Associates, Inc., 94 2000 North High St., Suite 350, Dublin, Malthus Diagnostics, Inc., 35888 OH 43017-1100; 6l4.'^64.281" Center Ridge Road, North Ridgeville, Oxoid, Inc., 217 Colonnade Road, OH 44039; 440.327.2585 Nepean, Ontario, Canada K2E “'K3; SUliker Laboratories Group, Inc., 800.567.8378 900 .Maple Road, Homewood, IL Maryland & Virginia Milk Pro¬ 60430; "08.95"."8"8 ducers Cooperative Assn., Inc., PE Applied Biosystems, 850 Lin¬ 1985 Isaac Newton Square, West, coln Centre Dr., Bldg. 400, Foster Universal Sanitizers & Supplies, Reston, VA 20190-5094; 703 742. City, CA 94404; 650.638.5413 Inc., P.O. Box 50305, Knoxville, TN 6800 3"950; 423.584.1936 Penn State University, University Medallion Labs, 9000 Plymouth Creamery, 12 Borland Laboratory, Warren Analytical Laboratory, Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55427; 612. University Park, PA 16802; 814.865. 650 O’ St., P.O. Box G, Greeley, CO 764.4453 7535 80632-0305; 800.945.6669 Michelson Laboratories, Inc., PestWest Electronics Ltd., Den- Weber Scientific, 2"32 Kuser Road, 6280 Chalet Dr., Commerce, CA holme Drive, Ossett, West Yorkshire, Hamilton, NJ 08691-9430; 609.584. 90040; 562.928.0553 England WF5 9NB; 44.1924.277631 "6-^" NSF International, 3475 Plymouth PRISM Integrated Sanitation West Agro, Inc., 11100 North Con¬ Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48105; 313.769. Management, 8300 Executive gress .Ave., Kan.sas City, .MO 64153; 5523 Center Dr., Miami, FL 33166-4(>80; 816.891.1528 305.592.6312 NASCO International, 901 Janesville Zep Manufacturing Co., 1310Sea- Ave., Fort Atkinson, WI 53538; 414. Process Tek, 1991 Big Bend Dr., board Indu.strial Blvd., .Atlanta, CiA 563.2446 Des Plaines, II60016; 84".296.9312 30318; 404.352.1680

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 673 QUOTATIONS

FROM JACK

One of the constant challenges members e.g., join committees, professional organizations face is run for office. 1 joined the New maintaining and growing member¬ York State Association of Milk ship. Many of us are not naturally and Food Sanitarians, lAMFES, and inclined to be sales people and the National Environmental Health to go out and find new members Association soon thereafter and or we just do not have the time. I still belong to all three. Rather than trying the usual pep 1 soon began receiving the talk to encourage you to identify Journal of Milk and Food Tech¬ new members I thought I would nology, now called the Journal share with you the impact Mem¬ of Food Protection. Many of the bership in lAMFES has had in one articles were over my head, but person’s career. You may be able ByJACKGUZEWICH it was a challenge to read them to help someone else with their lAMFES President and to see all of the fascinating career just by getting them to join things going on in food safety. our Association. 1 took particular note of the I started as a sanitarian in the articles written by Dr. Frank Bryan “You may be Glens Falls District Office of the who had become the chair of the able to help New York State Department of Committee for Communicable Health in the fall of 1970. Very Diseases Affecting Man and a someone else early on I was given a stack of frequent author in the Journal reference materials to become of Milk and Food Technology. with their career familiar with. One of those was In 1973-74,1 took a one-year leave a little booklet Procedure for of absence from my job to attend just by getting the Investigation of Foodhorne the University of Minnesota where Disease Outbreaks — Second I earned a master’s of public health them to join our Edition 1966 published by degree. One of the courses I took lAMFES. I still have that booklet. was food microbiology taught by Association” I actually enjoyed reading it as the Dr. Frank Busta, by no small subject was very interesting and coincidence a frequent contributor the “how to” approach of writing to articles I was reading in the was much more practical than Journal of Milk and Food Tech¬ most of the stuff I had to become nology. I also learned about familiar with. That winter and HACCP from Dr. Busta and following spring I attended the decided that I would do everything 12-week Basic Environmental I could do to encourage HACCP Health course all new sanitarians use in the food industry. In 1976 were required to take. At the end Procedures to Investigate Food- of that course the training officer borne Illness — Third Edition gave us a “fatherly” talk about our 1976 was published and became careers and how to pursue them. an important part of my reference One of his strongest pieces of materials. advice was to join one or more of In 1980,1 moved to the central several professional organizations office of the New York State he named. We were to read their Department of Health where I publications and become active took on the task of developing

674 Doiry, Food ond Environmenlol Sonitotion - OCTOBER 1999 an active foodborne disease and to join the Committee for food safety. The Annual Meetings surveillance program for the state. Communicable Diseases Affecting have brought me up to date on One of the first things I did was Man. I am proud to have been a breaking issues in food safety and develop a policy that cited the contributor to two editions of have been an excellent opportu¬ lAMFES Procedures to Investigate Procedures to Investigate Food- nity to network with the movers Foodborne Illness as our official borne Illness, one edition of and shakers in the food safety procedure for outbreak investiga¬ Procedures to Investigate Water¬ arena. Participation on the Pro¬ tions and the forms in the book borne Illness and Procedures to gram Committee, the Committee as the forms to be used. After Implement the HACCP System. on Communicable Diseases collecting foodborne disease data In 1997, I joined the FDA Affecting Man and several Profes¬ for three years we had clear where I now am Foodborne sional Dev'elopment Groups have evidence of the contributing Outbreak Coordinator for the provided me with the opportunity factors leading to outbreaks in Center for Food Safety and to contribute as well as learn from the state and solid justification Applied Nutrition. I still refer other professionals who share to move our regulatory program to the Procedures to Investigate common interests. to HACCP. By that time I was also Foodborne Illness all the time. Now I am honored to be the lead person for the food At the Annual Meeting in President of the Association and service regulatory program in the Pittsburgh, Past President Harold I am hoping that others early in state. I called on Frank Bryan, who Bengsch asked me to run for their careers can be as fortunate I had gotten to know through his secretary of the organization and as I have been in being a Member. many lAMFES publications and to my surprise I was elected! One Unfortunately, I do not know all subsequent phone conversations, of the most gratifying experiences of the potential Members out to assist us in developing the in my time as a Member of lAMFES there, but you do. You can give program and train our staff in has been being a Member of the these individuals the encourage¬ HACCP. Executive Board and helping ment to join an organization that In the mid 1980s I attended to select Dr. Frank Bryan and Dr. can help them on their road to a my first lAMFES Annual Meeting Frank Busta as two of the first successful career. Take a minute in response to an invitation to Members to receive our Fellows to jot down the names of those speak about our New York pro¬ Award. folks and make it a point to ask gram. I was thrilled! In later years Over the many years, the them to join the Association as I was able to attend lAMFES lAMFES journals have been my soon as possible. Some day they Annual Meetings on a regular basis monthly textbook on microbial will thank you.

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OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 675 Commentary

FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

In 1998, Fund Chairperson, Developing Scientist Competition Harry Haverland issued a goal to for food science students, shipment build the Foundation’s assets up to of excess journals to developing $ 100,000 in the year 2000. The fund countries, and support of the Crumbine Award, which is pre¬ assets currently total just short of sented annually to a local health unit $85,000. During the past year, we demonstrating excellence in food received more than $2,000 in direct protection. cash contributions from lAMFES I hope that this helps you be¬ Members and also received a $ 1,000 come more aware of the lAMFES contribution from the California Foundation and its activities. The Affiliate. We have seen good growth Foundation truly helps lAMFES in the Foundation’s investments, but carry out our mission of “Providing By DAVID W. THARP now it is time to plead with you to food safety professionals worldwide lAMFES Executive Director make a contribution to the Found¬ with a forum to exchange informa¬ ation Fund! tion on protection the food supply.” Let’s take a look at the wonder¬ Again, we encourage you to “Ask yourself, ful programs that the Foundation make a contribution to the Found¬ supports yearly. The Foundation sup¬ ation in whatever amount is comfort¬ how can I help ports 100% of the expense related able for you or your organization. to our Audiovisual Library of train¬ Ask yourself, how can I help the the lAMFES ing and educational videotapes. lAMFES Foundation achieve its goal Tliere are over 75 titles in our Library of $100,000 in 2000? You may Foundation and we have more than 300 tapes include your contribution when available for Member use, free of paying your Membership renewal or achieve its goal charge! Are you a regular user of the simply send a contribution to the Library? If so, look at the value you lAMFES office clearly marked of $100,000 receive at no cost and consider a “lAMFES Foundation.” You might also consider whether your company small contribution so that others or organization is able to contribute. in 2000?” may enjoy the benefit as you do. Each Affiliate organization could ask Travel funds to help support their Board to consider making a presentations at our Annual Meeting contribution. All contributions will are also supported by the Founda¬ be put to good use, I assure you! tion. This program is used where an To conclude, we want to thank TTie lAMFES Foundation held its urgent need is demonstrated and is each of the individuals. Affiliate 2nd Annual Silent Auction at the An¬ monitored by our Program Commit¬ organizations and companies who nual Meeting in Dearborn, Michigan tee and Executive Board. Also at the contributed to the Foundation over August 1-4. For the second year in a Annual xMeeting, our Ivan Parkin the years and to those who contrib¬ row, we had excellent participation Lecturer is supported by the Foun¬ uted to this year’s Foundation Fund from individual Members, from our dation. We have been fortunate to Silent Auction. We also want to Affiliated Associations, and from attract many well-known leaders in thank everyone who participated in many companies and organizations the arena of food safety and food the bidding process at this year’s who contributed items to the Auc¬ protection. The Foundation’s sup¬ Auction. Thanks also to the highest tion. This year, the Foundation’s port of this Opening Lecture adds a bidder for each item. We hope that Silent Auction raised more than nice touch to our Annual Meeting. you enjoyed the Auction and we $2,700 to benefit activities sup¬ Other programs supported by are looking forward to next year’s ported by the Foundation. the Foundation Fund include the Auction!

676 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitalion - OCTOBER 1999 lAMFES FOUNDATION FUND SILENT AUCTION RESULTS

ITEM SPONSOR HIGHEST BIDDER

2000 Annual Meeting Registration #1 lAMFES Anna Lammerding 2000 Annual Meeting Registration #2 lAMFES Albert Espinoza Amish Wall Hanging Harry Haverland Karl Olson Antichi Edifizi Lithograph F.A.O., Rome, Italy Debbie Thompson Antique Coffee Pot (1910-20) Howard Hutchings Anna Lammerding Award Banquet Ticket Harry Haverland Fred Weber Basilica Lithograph F.A.O., Rome, Italy Debbie Thompson Bolo Tie Black Stone Alice Haverland Pete Cook Bolo Tie Turquoise Stone Alice Haverland Pete Cook Bruce Springsteen — Born to Run CD Metropolitan Affiliate John Johnson Bruce Springsteen - Greetings from Asbury Park Metropolitan Affiliate Ken Tometsko Bruce Springsteen - Born in the USA Metropolitan Affiliate John Johnson Bruce Springsteen — The Wild, The Innocent Metropolitan Affiliate Ken Tometsko (Country Breakfast Kit #1 — 2 Mix 1 Syrup Kathy Jones M. Anderson (xHintry Breakfast Kit #2 — 2 Mix 1 Syrup Kathy Jones (iary W. Sherlaw' Darden Gift Certificate #1 Darden Restaurants Inc. Albert Espinoza Darden Gift Certificate #2 Darden Restaurants Inc. Albert Espinoza Darden Gift Certificate #3 Darden Restaurants Inc. Dennis Westhoff Darden Gift Certificate #4 Darden Restaurants Inc. Dennis Westhoff Food Quality 99 Full Meeting Registration Food Quality Magazine Bob Deibel Edmund Fitzgerald Twilight Passage - Framed Print Michigan Affiliate John Bruhn Loons — Framed Print Michigan Affiliate John Bruhn GE 900MGZ c:ordless Phone Charles Price Vicky Benesch Ciift Certificate Mountain Jack’s Restaurants (Charles Price Ciift Certificate Mountain Jack’s Restaurants John (Cerveny Handmade Quilt Georgia Affiliate Harry Haverland Missouri (Country Sugar Cured Ham Missouri Affiliate Dennis Decker Mole Adriana Lithograph F.A.O., Rome, Italy Debbie Thompson Pearl Necklace David and C4)nnie Tharp Dennis Westhoff Piramide Sepolcrale Lithograph F.A.O., Rome, Italy Debbie Thompson Proc. to Inv. Foodborne/Waterborne Illness #1 lAMFES Ely P. Ramos Proc. to Inv. Foodborne/Waterborne Illness #2 lAMFES Hiroshi Takahashi Screensaver Software c:harles Price Albert Espinoza Serv Safe Instructor Tool Kit National Restaurant Association Dennis Westhoff Signed FPl HACCP Manual — 3rd Edition Food Processors Institute Anna Lammerding Texas Basket (Austin Central Market, HEB) Texas Affiliate Anna Lammerding Turquoise Bracelet Alice Haverland Angie Cummings Ty Princess Beanie Bear Jenny Scott Unavailable Quiet Grandeur — IJnframed Print Michigan Affiliate Steve Ferreira Western Tanager — Unframed Print Michigan Affiliate Shelagh McDonagh Waterford Crystal Millennium Goblets Jim Dickson Robert Brooks Wine — 1997 C^hardonnay #1 Lemon Creek Wineries Ruth Ann Rose Morrow Wine — 1997 Chardonnay #2 Lemon Creek Wineries Gaylord Smith Wine — Bandiera ‘97 Chardonnay California Affiliate Debra Williams Wine — Brindlewood ‘97 Pinot Noie C^alifornia Affiliate Anna Lammerding Wine — Cherry Juice Non-Alcoholic #1 Lemon Creek Wineries John Bruhn Wine — Cherry Juice Non-Alcoholic #2 Lemon Creek Wineries Sharon Mammel Wine — Columbia Winery ‘98 Riesling California Affiliate Frank Leonardo Wine — ConCannon ‘97 Chardonnay (California Affiliate Debra Williams Wine — ConCannon ‘97 Sauvignon Blanc (California Affiliate Scott Fritschel Wine — David Bruce ‘97 Pinot Noir California Affiliate Suzanne Kidder Wine — Geyser Peak ‘96 Malbec (California Affiliate Ruth Ann Rose Morrow' Wine — Grape Juice Non-Alcoholic #3 Lemon (Creek Wineries John Bruhn Wine — Grape Juice Non-Alcoholic #4 Lemon Creek Wineries Amy Heiden Wine - Handley ‘98 Gewurztraminer California Affiliate Harry Haverland Wine — Hanna ‘96 Merlot (California Affiliate Frank Leonardo Wine — Jekel Vineyard's ‘96 Monterey California Affiliate Anna Lammerding Wine — Kendall-Jackson ‘97 Chardonnay (California Affiliate Lee Anne Jackson Wine — Mill (Teek ‘96 Merelot (California Affiliate Paul Hall Wine and Cheese Basket Indiana Affiliate Bob Marshall

OCTOBER 1999 - Doiry, Food and Environmental Sanitation 677 Letter to the Editor

Dear Editor, • Will they produce accurate results? We would like to point out several glaring errors • How have you validated the procedures to that appear in the article “ISO 9002 Labs Deliver Test ensure their accuracy? Results You Can Trust,” published in Dairy, Food • Do you have effective quality control proce¬ and Environmental Sanitation (June 1999). dures to ensure ongoing accuracy? • Do you understand the science behind the test 1. “ISO 9002 Certification is one surefire way to procedures? know that a lab will provide you with trust¬ • Do you know the limitations of the proce¬ worthy results.” dures? This statement is false. There is no system that • Can you foresee and cope with the technical can guarantee laboratory results are accurate problems that may arise while using the every time. procedure? 2. “Anahtical testing laboratories that implement • Do you have all of the correct equipment, ISO 9002 systems typically follow Guide 25, a consumables and other resources necessary guideline designed to help interpret how to to perform these procedures? apply ISO 9002 principles to testing and In addition to its system requirements (which are calibration laboratories. Guide 25 is intended compatible with ISO 9002), ISO/IEC Guide 25 empha¬ for specific tests and does not indicate quality sizes technical competence of personnel for their procedures for the entire laboratory.” assigned functions, addresses ethical behavior of This statement is also false. ISO/IEC Guide 25, laboratory staff, requires use of well-defined test and “General Requirements for the Competence of calibration procedures and participation in relevant Calibration and Testing Laboratories,” is the proficiency testing programs. ISO/IEC Guide 25 also internationally accepted standard for ensuring provides more relevant equipment management and the validity of test data and is used internation¬ calibration requirements, including traceability to ally to accredit testing and calibration laborato¬ national and international standards for laboratory ries for specific tests and/or calibrations. ISO/ functions; identifies the role of reference materials in lEC Guide 25 assessments are conducted by laboratory work; and provides specific guidance technical experts and include an assessment of relevant to the output of laboratories — the content both the quality system and the laboratory’s of test reports and certificates — together with the technical competence. ISO/IEC Guide 25 has records requiring management within the laboratory. never been a “guideline designed to help In summary, the aims of ISO/IEC Guide 25 are to: interpret how to apply ISO 9002 principles.” In fact, ISO/IEC Guide 25 was in existence • Provide a basis for use by accreditation bodies before the ISO 9000 series of standards. in assessing competence of laboratories; To illustrate further, here are some of the • Establish general requirements for demonstrat¬ fundamental differences between ISO 9000 ing laboratory compliance to carry out spe¬ and ISO/IEC Guide 25: cific calibrations or tests; and Quality System Registration auditors ISO 9000 asks: • Assist in the development and implementation of a laboratory’s quality system. • Have you defined your procedures? • Are they documented? 3. “In fact there is no certification or registration • Are you following them? process for Guide 25.” This statement is misleading as it implies that Laboratory Accreditation (ISO/IEC Guide 25) there is no conformity assessment process assessors asks the same questions as ISO 9000 but then designed to identify compliance to ISO/IEC go on to ask: Guide 25. Three conformity assessment terms • Are they the most appropriate test procedures tend to be misused: certification, registration to use in the circumstances? and accreditation. The correct term for

678 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitolion - OCTOBER 1999 compliance to ISO/IEC Guide 25 is “accredita¬ 4. Finally, we note that: tion.” Accreditation (to ISO/IEC Guide 25) is (1) A EDO (The Association of Food and Drug recognized globally as a laboratory’s ability to Officials) has designated ISO/IEC Guide 25 competently perform a specific test. It is as the minimum standard to define labora¬ unclear as to why the author feels that using tory operations and quality practices. the correct terminology of “ISO/IEC Guide 25 accredited” would “often cause confusion for (2) Codex Alimentarius has stated that where the customer.” there is an international trade dispute with regards to food, date from and ISO/IEC The ISO Council Committee on Conformity Assessment (CASCO) definitions of the three confor¬ Guide 25 accredited laboratory would be mity assessment terms are noted below for your preferred. review: accreditation: procedure by which an authori¬ We trust that we have adequately illustrated why tative body gives formal recognition that a the information contained in the referenced article is body or person is competent to carry out incorrect. There is already quite a lot of confusion in specific tasks. the market place regarding these issues and we encour¬ certification: procedure by which a third party age you to take the time to help clarify these important gives w ritten assurance (certificate of confor¬ issues to your many interested readers. mity) that a product, process or service We also invite you to share this letter with the conforms to specified requirements, author. Thank you for your consideration. registration: procedure by which a body indicates relevant characteristics of a product, Percy Pan process or service, or particulars of a body or Business Development Manager person, in an appropriate publically available American Association for Laboratory Accreditation list. Frederick, MD

Dear Mr. Pan: between being “certified” to a standard versus “accred¬ ited” and w hat each means. Confusion abounds in this I am sorry that you disagree with the information area and is partly due to the lack of a standardized provided in the Article “ISO 9002 Labs Deliver Test quality system for testing laboratories. Currently an Results You Can Trust.” In response to your concerns, individual laboratory could be accredited to one test I agree that no laboratory can guarantee results to be under ISO Guide 25 and subsequently proclaim to always accurate: However, controlling all aspects of be ISO Guide 25 accredited or ISO certified without the laboratory’s process is the hallmark of a good acknowledging the real scope of their accreditation. quality system. It is the system which will significantly In addition, further ambiguity has been created by enhance the probability of an accurate answer and the terminology such as being “complaint” to ISO Guide trustworthiness of the test information. 25 or ISO 9000. I also agree with your description of ISO Guide 25 I believe the new' standard, ISO 1*^025, will and the importance of the technical requirements. eliminate some of the terminology’ issues. However, However, ISO Guide 25 is not a quality system 1 also believe that there will be continued confusion. whereas ISO 9000 is. Our laboratory’s quality system It is our responsibility as an industry to provide con¬ was set up using the technical requirements of ISO sistent factual information about quality, otherwise Guide 25 as a guide. In the scope of ISO Guide 25 it the industry’s creditability w ill suffer. states, “This Guide is for use by calibration and testing In summary, I believe quality systems that control laboratories in the development and implementation all aspects of the laboratory operation for all testing of their quality systems.” ISO 17025, which is a performed within the laboratory is the most effective combination of the ISO 9000 quality system and the way to provide the maximum confidence in test results technical requirements of ISO Guide 25, is in the generated for the laboratory customer. process of being accepted as the quality system for testing labs. We will now have a definitive standard Edw ard Arnold for the laboratory testing area. Manager It is important that everyone understand the Analytical Services terminology that is used to describe formal recogni¬ R-'FECH Laboratories tion to any system and to understand the difference St. Paul, MN

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sonitotion 679 Dairy, Food cmct Etwironmental Sanitation, Vol. 19, No. 10, Pages 680-684 Copyright® lAMFES, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, lA 50322

Efficacy Evaluation of Four Hand Cleansing Regimens for Food Handlers

Daryl S. Paulson,' Carol Riccardi,' Christopher M. Beausoleil,' Eleanor J. Fendler,^* Michael J. Dolan,^ Lois V. Dunkerton,^ and Ronald A. Williams^

INTRODUCTION SUMMARY The continuing high incidence Effective handwashing by foodhandlers is an important of foodborne illnesses has made control measure for preventing transmission of food- food safety a global concern. The in¬ bome diseases in food-handling environments, including crease in foodborne diseases is due partly to the increased global trade food-service establishments. Effective handwashing of both raw and processed food ma¬ requires both effective methods and effective handwash terials. The potential for food han¬ formulations. Test methods for determining the dlers to act as vectors in the trans¬ effectiveness of antimicrobial formulations for healthcare mission of foodborne disease con¬ workers can be modified and used to determine the tinues to be a significant issue. In effectiveness of hand-washing regimens recommended combination with improper food¬ handling practices at any point in for use by foodhandlers. To date, the relative antimicrobial the food chain, the points of con¬ effectiveness of various hand-cleaning formulations and tamination become harder to track practices has not been established for foodhandlers. This and eliminate. Improvements in the study examined the ability of four handwashing regimens national food safety system have to reduce transient microorganisms on the skin of hands. been recommended to reduce the in¬ The efficacy of these handwashing regimens was cidence of foodborne illness (3)- The implementation of Hazard determined using a modified Health Care Personnel Analysis and Critical Control Point Handwash procedure and Escherichia coli as the transient (HACCP) systems in the food¬ marker organism. The regimens consisted of a non¬ processing industry, increased antimicrobial hand cleanser, an alcohol gel hand sanitizer, inspections, improved pathogen an antibacterial soap, and an antibacterial soap plus detection methods, and educational application of an alcohol gel hand sanitizer. M\ four improvements are just a few of the activities targeted at helping to regimens significantly reduced E. coli populations from reduce foodborne diseases (6). baseline values. The most effective regimen for anti¬ Foodhandlers can act as vectors microbial control was clearly the combination of the of disease in several ways (7). antibacterial soap handwash followed by the alcohol gel Foodhandlers who handle contami¬ application. This regimen demonstrated a high immediate nated raw foods, cleaning aids, or reduction of the transient microorganism, with the surfaces and then, without washing their hands, handle foods that are potential for further reductions with multiple applications not further heat-processed, are a of the antimicrobial hand soap over a period of days. source of cross-contamination.

680 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitolion - OCTOBER 1999 A worker who handles foods that are microorganisms to consumers via lotion soap; Configuration 2; PurelP not further cooked can transmit mi¬ hand contact with food. Instant Hand Sanitizer (alcohol gel); croorganisms from the hands to the Effective handwashing disrupts Configuration 3: Micrell® Antibac¬ food. These microorganisms come the disease transmission process by terial Lotion Soap, PCMX active in¬ not only from contamination in the removing the contaminating micro¬ gredient and; Configuration 4: workplace, but also from contact organisms from the hand surfaces so Micrell and Purell. with contaminated skin surfaces of that they cannot be transmitted to pathogen-carrying individuals. A the prepared food (12). Designing Sampling solution common cause of outbreaks caused an accurate and valid method of Sterile stripping suspending fluid by enterotoxins are foodhandlers determining the effectiveness of was prepared by dissolving 0.4 g who use bare hands on food with¬ hand-cleansing regimens for KH/O^, 10. Ig Na.HPO^ and 1.0 g out effectively washing their hands foodhandlers is critical. Instead of isooctylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol after defecating, performing related treating foodhandler risks separately (Triton X-100, Rohm and Haas Co., child-care tasks, or attending to an from those of healthcare personnel, Philadelphia) in 1 liter of distilled ill person (4, 5). Effective hand¬ the Healthcare Continuum Model water, and adjusting the pH to 7.8 washing methods using effective (9) includes foodhandler hand¬ with 0.1 N HCl or 0.1 N NaOH. handwash formulations provide pro¬ washes. The difference in evaluating Seventy-five milliliter aliquots of the tection from disease transmission by the effectiveness of a foodhandler stripping solution were dispensed foodhandlers. hand-cleansing regimen versus a into media bottles and sterilized for Microorganisms found on the health-care regimen lies mainly with 20 minutes at 121°C. hand surfaces are classified in two the set of target microorganisms, general categories (10). The first rather than with the test methods. Neutralizing fluid Thus test methods already estab¬ category consists of contaminating The sterile neutralizing fluid was lished for evaluating the effective¬ microorganisms that are picked up prepared with sterile stripping fluid ness of healthcare hand-cleansing accidentally by foodhandlers and containing 2.0% (v/v) Tween 80, regimens can be adapted for evalua¬ are transient in that they reside 1.17% (w/v) lecithin, 0.5% (w/v) tion of foodhandler regimens (1, 9). on the hands only temporarily. The sodium thiosulfate, and 1.0% Tamol This study utilized 20 human second category consists of those SN. A neutralization procedure was subjects to evaluate 4 different con¬ microorganisms that permanently performed on each test product figurations of products intended for reside on the hand surfaces, the to ensure that the neutralizers use in hand cleansing, 5 subjects per normal or resident microflora of the employed were effective in neutral¬ product configuration. The eval¬ skin. For example. Staphylococcus izing the biocidal activities of each uation procedure was based on epidermidis is a resident bacterium of the antibacterial products. the Standard Test Method for Eval¬ on the hands, and Escherichia coli uation of Healthcare Personnel generally is a transient or contami¬ Media Handwash Eormulations, ASTM native bacterial species. In the food Method E 1174-94 (2), which is Tryptic Soy Broth (Difco Labo¬ industry, both categories are impor¬ accepted by the US Food and Drug ratories, Detroit) prepared accord¬ tant (8, 11). Administration for evaluation of ing to label instructions was used as Microorganisms that normally handwash formulations intended the growth medium for marker bac¬ reside on the hands usually pose no for elimination of transient micro- teria. MacConkey’s Agar (Difco threat of infectious disease to con¬ oganisms in a healthcare environment. Laboratories, Detroit) containing sumers. These microorganisms are Escherichia coli (ATCC # 11229), a 0.5% (v/v) Tween 80 and 0.07% (w/ more important in contributing to transient or contaminant bacterial v) lecithin (MAC+) was used as a food spoilage, particularly in par¬ species that has been associated with selective medium to enumerate the tially prepared foods such as pre¬ foodborne disease, was chosen for marker bacteria. cooked chicken and fish. Contami¬ this study. nating microorganisms, though, are Pre-test period responsible for outbreaks of infec¬ During the pre-test period (the tious disease, often through passage MATERIAL AND METHODS seven days prior to the test portion from foodhandlers to consumers via of the study) subjects were instructed food. In order that infectious dis¬ Test products to avoid the use of medicated soaps, eases be spread to others via a car¬ This study used 1 non-antibacte¬ rier, the contaminating microorgan¬ rial product and 3 antibacterial prod¬ lotions, deodorants and shampoos, isms must be transmitted physically, ucts manufactured by GOJO Indus¬ as well as skin contact with solvents, as can occur, for example, when tries, Inc., Cuyahoga Falls, OH, in detergents, acids and bases or any food workers contaminate their the following four configurations. other products known to affect hands during defecation and subse¬ Configuration 1; DermaPro® Lotion the normal microbial populations of quently pass the disease-causing Skin Cleanser, a non-antibacterial the skin. Subjects were supplied a

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and [nvironmental Sonitafian 681 r

personal hygiene kit containing non- Baseline bacterial count lathered the hands and lower third medicated soap, shampoo, deo¬ A 5.0-ml aliquot of the inoculum of the forearms in a vigorous man¬ ner for 30 seconds. The subject then dorant, lotion, and rubber gloves suspension containing approxi¬ rinsed for 30 seconds and dried the to be worn when contact with anti¬ mately 1.0 X 10” CFU/ml of E. coli hands with a disposable paper microbials, solvents, detergents, was transferred into each subject’s towel. Following product applica¬ acids, or bases could not be avoided. cupped hands in 2-ml to 2.5-ml tion procedure numbers 1 and 5, the Subjects were instructed to use the aliquots. Subjects distributed the contents of this kit for their personal hands were sampled using the Glove inoculum evenly over both hands, Juice Sampling Procedure. hygienic needs exclusively during not reaching above the wrist, via their participation in the study. Sub¬ gentle continuous massage for 45 Alcohol gel product application jects were also instructed to avoid seconds. After a timed 2-minute air procedures for configurations 2 using LJV tanning beds and swim¬ dry, the Glove Juice Sampling Pro¬ and 4 ming or bathing in biocide-treated cedure was performed. This first pools or hot tubs. Three ml of alcohol gel was dis¬ inoculation cycle provided baseline pensed into the subject’s dry cupped inoculation recovery data and was hands. The subjects massaged their Inoculum preparation followed with a 30-second hand¬ hands together, making sure the al¬ A 10-ml tube of Tryptic Soy wash using a non-medicated soap. cohol gel was thoroughly rubbed in Broth was inoculated, using aseptic and around the fingernails and be¬ technique with a loop of Escheri¬ First inoculation/wash tween all fingers and the thumbs chia coli (ATCC # 11229) stock cul¬ procedure until the hands were dry. An addi¬ ture. The inoculated tube was incu¬ A 5.0-ml aliquot of the microbial tional two ml of alcohol gel was bated at 30°± 2°C for 24 ± 2 hours; inoculum was again transferred into dispensed into the subject’s cupped 1.0 ml of the broth culture was then each subject’s cupped hands in two hands. The subjects again massaged aseptically transferred to a 2 liter 2.5-ml aliquots. Subjects distributed their hands together, making sure flask containing 1 liter of Tryptic Soy the inoculum evenly over both the alcohol gel was thoroughly Broth. The flask was incubated at hands, not reaching above the wrists, rubbed in and around the fingernails and in between all fingers and the 30° ± 2°C for 20 ± 2 hours. Prior to via gentle continuous massage for thumbs until their hands were dry. testing, the culture was streaked for 45 seconds. After a timed 2-minute Five minutes after hands were dry air dry, the subjects washed or isolation of colonies, which were (product application cycles 1 and 5 treated their hands with their ran¬ Gram-stained to check for culture only), hands were sampled using purity. Two flask cultures were used domly assigned test configuration the Glove Juice Sampling Procedure. for testing, and both were homoge¬ according to the procedures de¬ neous. The cultures were assayed for scribed for each product configura¬ Glove juice sampling procedure the number of organisms/ml at the tion. This was followed by the Glove Following the prescribed appli¬ beginning and end of the use-period Juice Sampling Procedure. cation procedure, a technician and were not used for more than 6 placed powder-free, loose-fitting Subsequent inoculation/wash hours. Before culture was with¬ sterile latex gloves on each subject’s procedures drawn for application to subjects’ hands. Seventy-five ml of sterile strip¬ ping fluid was instilled into each hands, the culture was gently The hands of each subject were glove. The wrists were secured, and swirled. inoculated and washed 5 consecu¬ tive times, with a minimum of 5 and technicians massaged the hands through the gloves in a uniform Test period a maximum of 15 minutes between microbe/product applications. The manner for 60 seconds. A 5.0-ml Each subject was employed for aliquot of the glove juice (dilution Glove Juice Sampling Procedure was one test day. Subjects clipped their 10°) was removed from each glove performed after inoculation/wash and serially diluted in sterile strip¬ fingernails to a free-edge of < 2 mm, cycles 1 and 5. if they had not already done so. All ping fluid with neutralizers and Butterfield’s Buffer Solution. Subjects jewelry was removed from the hands Product application procedures and arms prior to washing. rinsed their hands for 30 seconds for configurations 1, 3, and 4: under warm running water to re¬ A practice wash was performed bland soap or antimicrobial move excess sterile stripping fluid. using a non-medicated soap and a soap standard wash procedure. The prac¬ Five ml of test liquid soap was Bacterial counts tice wash ensured that the subject dispensed slowly into the hands For each hand sample, duplicate understood the w’ash procedure. The while the subject distributed the spread plates were prepared from temperature of the water used for soap evenly over the surfaces of the each dilution (from each hand) us¬ this and for all subsequent wash hands. The subject added a small ing MacConkey’s Agar as the selec¬ cycles was controlled at 40° ± 2°C. amount of water and completely tive plating medium. The plates

682 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 1 TABLE 1. Summary of samiple data for configurations 1-4 I MiniTab* statistical computer soft¬ ware. Mean of Standard Reduction The estimated log,^ number of Sample log,Q values deviation from baseline viable microorganisms recovered from each hand was designated the “R-value,” the adjusted average log,^ Configuration 1 (Non-antibacterial Cleanser) colony count for each subject at each sampling time. Each R-value Baseline 8.39 0.31 N/A was determined by using the follow¬ Wash 1 6.27 0.51 2.12 ing formula:

R = log,,, [75 X C, X 10»] Wash 5 6.22 0.28 2.17 where: 75 = the amount (ml) of strip¬ Configuration 2 (Hand Sanitizer) ping solution instilled into each glove Baseline 8.21 0.37 N/A C, = the average of the 2 plate counts for each subject at Wash 1 5.97 0.53 2.24 a particular dilution level D = the dilution factor Wash 5 5.49 0.55 2.72 Student’s t test (a = 0.05) w'as used to show that baseline values for Configuration 3 (Antibacterial Lotion Soap) the left and right hands were statis¬ tically equivalent for each product Baseline 8.47 0.37 N/A before data were combined. The left and right hand baseline values were Wash 1 6.57 0.41 1.90 found to be equivalent (P = 0.99). All wash values were signifi¬ Wash 5 6.42 0.30 2.05 cantly different from baseline (P< 0.05). Table I presents the results for each test configuration. Configuration 4 (Antibacterial Lotion Soap and Hand Sanitizer) A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using the Baseline 8.20 0.26 N/A logi^reduction from baseline data. A significant difference was detected Wash 1 4.92 0.51 3.28 between product configurations

Wash 5 5.24 0.46 2.96 (f* = 0.0001), while no significant difference was seen between wash 1 and 5 (P< 0.396). Significant differ¬ ences between products were de¬ tected at both wash 1 {P = 0.0001) were incubated at 30° ± 2°C for ap¬ Mean Plate Count for the duplicate and w’ash 5 iP= 0.0001). proximately forty-eight hours. plates. For all products, log,,, reductions E. coli produces purple colonies on Following the final product ap¬ (see Fig. 1) from baseline w'ere dem¬ MacConkey’s Agar; and only those plication and hand-sampling, the sub¬ onstrated statistically significant (f*< colonies were counted. Plate dilu¬ jects performed a superv ised 4-min 0.05). The combination of the anti¬ tions that contained E. coli counts surgical scrub with a 4% Chlor- microbial handwash and the alcohol between 25 and 250 were utilized hexidine Gluconate solution, fol¬ gel consistently resulted in the great¬ lowed by a 1-min hand rinse with in this study. If no plates provided est log,,, reductions from baseline. 70% ethanol, air dry, and a water E. coli counts in this range, the plate rinse to remove any remaining counts closest to that range were E. coli from the hands. DISCUSSION used in determining the number of viable microorganisms. The esti¬ Antimicrobial efficacy was sig¬ RESULTS mated number of microorganisms nificant for all four product configu¬ recovered was obtained by using the The plate count data collected rations. It should be recalled that formula, 75 x Dilution Factor x in this study were evaluated using alcohol products have very high im-

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 683 Figure 1. Reductions from Boseline Bozeman, MT 59771-0190; Phone: 406.587.5735; ''*GOJO Industries, Inc., 3783 State Road, Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44223-2698; Phone: 330.920.8100. o no 0 40 REFERENCES 0 80 1. Aly, R., and H. Maibach. 1981. Fac¬ 1 20 tors controlling skin bacterial flora, ° 1 60 p. 29-39. In H. 1. Maibach and R. Aly. to (ed.). Skin microbiology relevance •2 2.00 . i to clinical infection. Springer-Verlag, 2 40 _ _* N\’. ■-- 2 80 2. Anonymous. 1987. ASTM El 174-94, 3 20 1 h-- Standard test method for evaluation Wa5h 1 Wa sh5 of health care personnel handwash formulations. m Bland Liquid Soap —w— Alcohol Gel 3. Anonymous. 1997. Food safety from sh Antimicrobial Han dwash/Alcohol Gel M' Antimicrobial Handwa farm to table, a national food-safety initiative report to the president. Dairy Food Environ. Sanit. 17: 555- 574. 4. Anonymous. 1996. Foodborne out¬ mediate antimicrobial properties, onstrate a significant immediate break. Dairy Food Environ. Sanit. 16: but lack persistence, whereas anti¬ degerming action but no antimicro¬ 32-33. microbial products such as PCiMX bial properties. Thus, although the 5. Anonymous. 1998. National Food have immediate antimicrobial prop¬ antimicrobial effectiveness of the Safety Database. Critical issues in food erties as well as persistence, but PCMX handwash will increase over safety. National Food Safety Database their full value is seen only after time, the bland soap will remain at Web site ww'w.foodsafety.org/ repeated use. the same degerming level. The re¬ hothome.htm and selected hot top¬ Antimicrobial handwash prod¬ ductions caused by the alcohol gel ics (Aug. 26). ucts, as well as non-antimicrobial product are attributable to the actual 6. Executive Secretariat. 1998. Hazard analysis and critical control point handwash products, demonstrate antimicrobial action of the product. The combination of the antimicro¬ principles and application guide¬ varying degrees of degerming abil¬ lines..!. Food Prot. 61:762-'’88. ity due to the mechanical removal bial handwash followed by the alco¬ hol gel product demonstrated the Fraizer, W. C., and D. C. Westhoff. of microorganisms during the hand¬ 1988. Food .Microbiology, 4th ed. greatest antimicrobial efficacy, com¬ wash. This study design was in¬ Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. parable to products used by hospi¬ tended to evaluate the immediate 8. Harrington, R. E. 1992. The role of antimicrobial effects of the prod¬ tals for scrubbing prior to surgery. employees in the spread of ucts over the course of 5 consecu¬ foodborne disease. Dairy Food tive handwashes to assure that mi¬ CONCLUSION Environ. Sanit. 12:62-6.3. crobial “build-up” was not occur¬ 9. Jones, R. D. 1998. The healthcare ring. As expected, the bland liquid The most effective configuration continuum: A classification model soap demonstrated immediate re¬ for antimicrobial control in the food for topical antimicrobial products ductions equivalent to those of the industry’ clearly is the combination including those used in the food indu.stry. Dairy Food Environ. Sanit. PCMX-containing antimicrobial of the antimicrobial handwash fol¬ 18:.352-358. handwash, probably as a result of lowed by alcohol gel application. 10. Larson, E. 1988. APIC Guidelines for removal of Escherichia coli by the This configuration produced a high infection control practice, guideline “mechanical action” of the immediate reduction of the transient for use of topical antimicrobial handwash so that both products microorganism, with potential for agents. .Am.J. Infect. Control 16:25.3- appear to be equivalent. The re¬ increased reductions with multiple 2bb. sidual effects offered by the PCMX applications of the antimicrobial hand 11. Paulson, D. S. 1992. Evaluation of product were not evaluated. Past soap over a period of days. three handwash modalities com¬ monly employed in the food indus¬ studies using PCMX products have try. Dairy Food Environ. .Sanit. 9: demonstrated that antimicrobial ef¬ ABOUT THE AUTHORS 520-523. fectiveness of PCMX increases with 12. Paulson, D. S. 1996. To glove or to multiple applications over a period 'Bioscience Laboratories, Inc., wash: a current controversy. Food of days (10). Bland liquid soaps dem¬ 300 North Willson, P.O. Box 190, Quality (June/July) 1996:(>0-6.3.

684 Dairy, food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. iV, No. 10, Pages 685-690 Copyright® lAMFES, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, lA 50322

Seasonal Variation of Somatic Cell Count and Chemical Composition in Bulk Tank Goat Milk

S. S. Zeng,' T. Popham,^ and E. N. Escobar'

INTRODUCTION SUMMARY Somatic cell counts (SCC) as well as composition of bulk tank Somatic cell counts (SCC), fat, protein, lactose, and goat milk are of great concern to total solids (TS) of bulk tank goat milk collected from mid- both dairy goat producers and milk western and southeastern states for cheese manufacturing processors. Producers use these in¬ were analyzed to determine their seasonal distributions dices for herd health management during one year. Instruments (Fossomatic-300 for SCC and milk quality control. Processors utilize them to maximize cheese and Dairylab II for composition) were calibrated with yields and to implement a price in¬ goat milk standards. All test variables except lactose were centive program in which milk with high in early months (January, February) and late months low SCC and high solids content (October, November, December) of the year, when most commands a premium. In the past milking does were in either early or late lactation. Somatic fifteen years, milk composition (fat, protein, lactose, and total solids) and cell count had a highly positive correlation with fat, SCC in individual goat milk, and protein, and TS and a negative correlation with lactose. Of relationships of these to milk 2,582 bulk tank goat milk samples analyzed, 22% were in quality and udder health, have been violation of the legal limit of one million SCC/ml. As many investigated extensively (2, 11, 12, as 51% of the samples collected between October and 15, 18, 20, 22, 25). However, only a few studies have dealt with bulk tank December had SCC in excess of the legal limit. Results SCC in goat milk (4, 8, 10). The indicate that re-evaluation of the legal limit of SCC for limited number of commercial dairy Grade A goat milk is warranted, considering the seasonal goat farms scattered throughout the effect of lactation on SCC. This will help goat producers United States and difficulties of sample collection and delivery are meet regulators’ requirements. the primary limiting factors. At present, SCC of 1.0 x Ky’/ml specified in the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO) is the regulatory limit for Grade A goat milk in the United States (13). Although many countries, such as those of the Euro¬ pean Union, Australia and New

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonifotion 685 analyzer (Multispec Ltd., Wheldrake, TABLE 1. Major components and somatic cell count of bulk York, England). Both instruments tank goat milk samples (n = 2,582) were calibrated biweekly with goat milk standards instead of the con¬ Variable Mean SD' Range ventional cow milk standards; the goat milk standards were prepared Fat (%) 3.21 0.80 1.80^.00 by the Dairy Quality Control Insti¬ tute (DQCI) Services, Inc., St. Paul, Protein (%) 3.36 0.49 2.10^.68 MN, to maintain accurate instru¬ ment performances according to the Lactose (%) 4.15 0.47 3.32-5.01 guidelines of the National Dairy Herd Improvement Association SNF^ (%) 8.03 0.68 3.90-9.33 (DHIA) (3)- All samples were ana¬ lyzed in duplicate and the average TS^ (%) 1 1.24 1.32 6.50-14.38 for each sample was used for statis¬ tical analysis. SCC" (/ml) 717,000 449,000 1,000-3,567,000 Statistical analysis The general linear model (GLM) 'Standard deviation procedure of Statistical Analysis System (14) was used to analyze data ^Solids-non-fat to determine if there were inter¬ ^otal solids actions between plant and month. If the interaction was significant, "‘Somatic cell count means were compared by separate analyses performed for each plant and month using Ryan’s Q test. Cor¬ Zealand have more strict SCC reg¬ farms in six Midwest and Northeast relations between measured vari¬ ulations on cow milk than the United states two to three times each month ables of milk samples were calcu¬ States (400,000/ml vs. 750,000/ml), by two goat milk cheese plants in lated using PROC CORR (14). they do not place a SCC limit on goat Wisconsin and Pennsylvania when milk. Seasonal lactation practices on milk was hauled for cheese manu¬ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION most goat farms and elevated SCC in facturing. On the farm, milk in bulk late lactation milk of dairy goats make tanks was agitated for five minutes Overall means of SCC and com¬ it difficult for commercial dairy' goat before samples were collected into position of all bulk tank goat milk farmers to meet the current Grade A plastic milk sample vials (Capital samples (n = 2,582) are shown in goat milk standard on a year-round Vials, Fultonville, NY). Milk samples Table 1. These bulk tank samples basis (1, 23)■ To justify' the current were preserved with Microtabs represented goat milk from milking regulation and to help goat produc¬ (Control Systems, Inc., San Ramon, year-round, mixed breeds of goats, ers meet regulators’ requirements, it CA) and delivered to the Langston and commercial farms from six is imperative to determine the SCC Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) Lab different states. Milk fat, protein, and composition of a large number for Goats within two days. Bulk tank lactose and TS obtained in this of commercial bulk tank goat milk milk samples from the Langston Uni¬ study were lower than those re¬ samples on a year-round basis. There¬ versity herd were also included in ported recently — 4.14, 3.56, 4.45 fore, the objectives of the present this study. and 12.97%, respectively — by investigation were to investigate SCC USDA/ARS (17). USDA/ARS results of bulk tank goat milk from commer¬ Laboratory analyses were tabulated from published and unpublished data of individual and cial herds year-round to assess the Bulk tank goat milk samples ar¬ bulk tank goat milk in the United requirements for Grade A goat milk rived at the DHI Lab for Goats at States as well as overseas. The over¬ and to determine distribution and Langston University when they were all SCC of bulk tank goat milk in this correlation of SCC and composition 3 to 7 days old and were analyzed (fat, protein, lactose, and TS). on the day of arrival. Somatic cell study was 717,(){)0/ml, which was counts were determined using a markedly lower than reports from MATERIALS AND METHODS Fossomatic-30() cell counter (Foss similar studies (4, 9, 10). Osteras Electric, Hillerod, Denmark). Fat, and Brenne (10) investigating the Sample collection and shipment protein, lactose, solids-non-fat prevalence of SCC in bulk tank goat Samples of bulk tank goat milk (SNF), and TS (total solids) were milk in Norway, reported more than were collected from commercial analyzed using a Dairylab 11 milk one million SCC/ml from June to No-

686 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 TABLE 2. Mean separations of major components (%) and somatic cell counts (SCC, x 1,000/ml) in bulk tank goat milk by month for o year

Month n' Fat Protein Lactose SNF^ TS" SCC

January 34 4.25° 3.82° 4.21°'’ 8.42° 12.66° 946°'’

February 148 3.98'’° 3.77° 4.26°'’ 8.38°^ 12.36° 881'’

March 83 3.84'’° 3.54'’ 4.38° 8.42° 12.27° 609°

April 235 3.37^ 3.39° 4.41° 8.31°'’ 11.68'’ 605°

May 338 3.04° 3.27°°' 4.43° 8.15'’° 11.19° 592°

June 289 2.74' 3.18^° 4.21°'’ 7.87“' 10.61°' 440°

July 285 2.439 3.10° 4.12'’° 7.72°' 10.15° 452°'

August 258 2.92° 2.85' 3.75“' 7.45° 10.34°'° 707°

September 235 2.72' 3.28°“' 4.07° 7.81^ 10.53" 695°

October 346 3.42'' 3.56^ 4.07° 8.09'’° 11.51'’° 972°'’

November 222 4.12°'’ 3.81° 4.08° 8.33°'’ 12.45° 1081°

December 109 4.06°'’° 3.80° 4.10'’° 8.34°^ 12.41° 1041°

'Number of observations

^Solids-non-fat

^otol-solids

a,t,c,d,e.f,g^gQP5 in the same column with the same superscript are not significantly different according to Ryan's Q test (P> 0.05)

vember, with the highest count in ber and December were above the and elevated SCC are related to infe¬ November. Droke et ii\.(4) collected legal limit (one million SCC/ml). rior milk quality through reductions bulk tank goat milk samples from Osteras and Brenne (10) observed in fat and casein concentrations commercial herds in California, similar trends of fat and protein dis¬ (16). A “concentration factor” in Michigan, Arizona and Wisconsin tributions in bulk tank goat milk, cow milk may also be true for goat and observed an average SCC of 1.32 with values high in January, lowest milk. Even though most commercial X lOVml. Lin and Chang (9) re¬ in May, and highest in November. dairy goat farms practice milking ported 1.47 X lO'Vml in bulk tank Lin and Chang (9) observed a simi¬ year-round, a larger proportion of goat milk after a survey of 28 herds lar trend of SCC distributions in goat milking does were kidded in early in Taiwan. milk in Taiwan. In contrast to these months (February and March) of the Mean separations of all mea¬ observations in goat milk, Harmon year and dried off in late months sured variables in bulk tank goat (7), reviewing the factors affecting (October, November and Decem¬ milk samples by month are pre¬ SCC in dairy cows reported that SCC ber) (6). Milk production usually sented in Table 2. Bulk tank goat in cow milk were generally lowest peaks one to two months after par¬ milk had high contents of fat, pro¬ during the winter and highest dur¬ turition and starts to decline mark¬ tein, SNF, TS and SCC in January, ing the summer. edly after six months in lactation. February, October, November, and High contents of milk compo¬ In this study, unusually low- December and lower values of these nents and high SCC in cow milk have concentrations of fat, protein and variables from May to September. been reported to be associated with lactose were observed in bulk tank The average SCC for both Novem¬ a lower milk production (16, 19), goat milk in August and September.

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 687 TABLE 3. Milk composition (%) and somatic cell counts (SCC, x 1,000/ml) of bulk tank goat milk from two cheese plants

Month n' Fat Protein Lactose SNF^ TS^ SCC

PlontA 1467 3.32“ 3.32'’ 4.13“ 8.01“ 11.33“ 684“

Plant B 1065 3.08'’ 3.44“ 4.18“ 8.08“ 11.16'’ 765^

'Number of observations

^Solids-non-fat

^otal-solids other CP < 0.001). Somatic cell counts were positively correlated “•'’Means in the same column with the same superscript are not significantly different (P < 0.001) with all component vari¬ according to Ryan's Q test (P> 0.05) ables except lactose (P> 0.05). Also, the values of these correlation co¬ efficients on bulk tank goat milk samples were higher than reports Figure 1. Percent of bulk tank goat milk samples (n = 2582) with SCC above one million per for individual goat milk samples — milliliter of milk on a monthly basis. 0.24, 0.17 and 0.24 for fat, protein and TS, respectively (23). Grade A goat milk must comply with the PMO’s requirement of less than one million SCC/ml. The dis¬ tribution of bulk tank goat milk samples with SCC above the legal limit each month for the year is shown in Figure 1. Data obtained clearly indicate a seasonal lactation effect on the SCC of bulk tank goat milk. Of 2,582 bulk tank goat milk samples tested, 22% were in viola¬ tion of the legal limit. In the early months O^nuary and February), which were composed of mostly late and some early lactating does, over 30% of the bulk tank samples failed to meet the legal requirement. As the Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec season progressed, SCC decreased, due in part to the drying off of late lactating does from the previous sea¬ son and the peaking in production Because of the hot weather, some (P< 0.05). There were no significant of milking does kidded in the cur¬ samples were spoiled, and a few differences in lactose and SNF rent season. As a result, only 4 and had even turned into cheese curd iP > 0.05). Plant B had a significantly 5% of the samples exceeded the le¬ during shipping, although samples higher SCC than Plant A(P< 0.05). gal limit in June and July, respec¬ were preserved. Spoiled samples Monthly mean separations between tively. Thereafter, the percentage of were discarded and estimates were these two plants further indicated samples above one million/ml used for statistical analysis. that Plant B received milk with lower steadily increased as almost all does Milk composition and SCC of fat and higher SCC than Plant A on a approached late lactation. Up to 51% bulk tank goat milk samples from the fairly consistent basis. of the samples between October and two cheese plants are shown in Correlation coefficients be¬ December had SCC above the legal Table 3- Overall, samples from Plant tween all tested variables of bulk limit. It is generally agreed that A had higher fat and TS concen¬ tank goat milk are shown in Table healthy goats in late lactation often trations and a lower protein concen¬ 4. All milk composition constituents produce milk with more than one tration than those from Plant B were highly correlated with each million SCC/ml (4, 22, 23).

688 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 TABLE 4. Correlation coefficients between fat, protein, lactose, solids-non-fat (SNF), total solids (TS), and somatic cell count (SCC) of bulk tank goat milk (n = 2,582)

Protein Lactose SNF TS SCC

Fat 0.613*** 0.209*** 0.568*** 0.899*** 0.354***

Protein 0.665*** 0.850*** 0.894*** 0.306***

Lactose 0.877*** 0.614*** -0.103***

SNF 0.868*** 0.119***

TS 0.275***

*** P<0.001

A study conducted earlier facturers, and other goat milk prod¬ of Langston DHI Lab for Goats for his showed a similar trend of SCC dis¬ uct processors. In general, milk with assistance in sample analysis. tribution in bulk tank goat milk (8). higher fat, protein, and TS, and with The percentage of samples with lower SCC, results in higher cheese ABOUT THE AUTHORS more than one million SCC/ml for yields. Fenlon and co-workers (5) • P.o. Box 730 E. (Kika) de la each month of a whole year were pointed out that cow herds of high Garza Institute for Goat Research, considerably higher. Of 1,230 bulk tank SCC had significantly lower School of Agriculture & Applied Sci¬ samples tested, almost 35% were in milk production and indicated that ences, Langston University’, Langs¬ violation of the legal limit, with higlv the management of high SCC herds ton, OK 73050; Phone: 405.466. est occurrences also in early and late was less likely to implement mastitis 3836; Fax: 405.466.3138; E-mail: months of the year. In the present control than herds with lower SCC. [email protected]; -USDA study, the significant reduction in Therefore, bulk tank SCC is widely ARS, Southern Plains Area, Biomet¬ percentage of samples exceeding used in the dairy' cow industry' as an rics, 1301 N. Western St., Stillwater, the limit could be the result of bet¬ indication of raw milk quality to OK 74075. ter herd management and calibra¬ producers and processors and hy¬ tion of the instrument with goat gienic production conditions on REFERENCES milk standards instead of conven¬ farms as well as mammary infection 1. .deandri, .M., P. Fagiolo, R. Calderini, tional cow milk standards (21). prevalence in the herd. Currently, G. Colafrancesco, R. Giangolion. and In summary', SCC and composi¬ only fat and protein are used as F. De .Michelis. 1994. Studies con¬ tion of bulk tank goat milk were high indices in goat milk payment incen¬ ducted on somatic cell count of goat in early and late months of the year. tive programs. VCTiether SCC in bulk milk, p. 6S-^0. In R. Rubino (ed.), Prtx:. Intern, Symposium “Somatic Somatic cell counts were signifi¬ tank goat milk should be included as Cells and .Milk of Small Ruminants”, cantly and positively correlated with well to encourage better herd health Bella, Italy. Wagenigen Pers, the concentrations of fat, protein, and management and a more balanced Netherlands. total solids in bulk tank milk. During year-round lactation system to keep 2. Calderon, I., E. J. De Peters, N. E. fall and winter seasons, in which population SCC low is open to Smith, and ,4. A. Franke. 1984. Com¬ position of goat’s milk: changes milking herds consisted of mainly debate. within milking and effects of a high late and early lactation does, SCC concentrate diet. J. Dairy Sci. could easily exceed the regulatory’ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6-: 1905-1911. limit of one million per milliliter of 3. DFIIA. 1995. Quality certification milk. Therefore, this legal limit for This study was funded by the laboratory manual, p.1-32. In Qual¬ SCC in Grade A goat milk must be re¬ Cooperative Extension Programs of ity Certification Manual. National evaluated, taking into consideration the E (Kika) de la Garza Institute for Dairy Herd Improvement Asstxria- tion (DHLA), fadumbus. OH. the seasonal effect of lactation on Goat Research, School of Agricul¬ 4. Droke, E. A., M.J. Paape, and A. L. Di ture and Applied Sciences at dairy goats. The observations have (;arlo. 1993. Prevalence of high so¬ significant implications to the goat Langston University. A sincere ap¬ matic cell counts in bulk tank goat producer, goat milk cheese manu¬ preciation is given to Mr. E. Sullivan milk. J. Dairy Sci. ■’6:1035-1039.

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmenlol Sanitation 689 5. Fenlon. D. R., D. L. Logue, J. Gunn, 12. Park, Y. W., and R. D. Humphrey. 19. Wells, S. J., and S. L. Ott. 1995. Indi¬ and J. Wilson. 1995. A study of 1986. Bacterial cell counts in goat vidual and bulk tank milk somatic mastitis bacteria and herd manage¬ milk and their correlations with so¬ cell count result: what’s the quality matic cell counts, percent fat, and ment practices to identify their of the U.S. milk supply? p. 11 -18. /« relationship to high somatic cell protein. J. Dairy Sci. 69:32-37. Proc. 34th annual meeting of the counts in bulk tank milk. Br. Vet. J. 13. PMO. 1997.GradeAPasteurizedMilk National Mastitis Council (NMC), 151:17-25. Ordinance (PMO). US Department Fort Worth, TX. 6. Haenlein, G. F. W., and L. S. Hinckley. of Health and Human Services, Wash¬ 20. Wilson, D. J., T. N. Steward, and 1995. Goat milk somatic cell count ington, DC. situation in USA. Int. J. An. Sci. 10: 14. SAS. 1989. SAS User’s Guide: Statis¬ P. M. Sears. 1995. Effects of stage of 305-310. tics, Version 6,4th ed., SAS Institute lactation, production, parity and sea¬ 7. Harmon, R. J. 1994. Physiology' of Inc., Cary, NC. son on somatic cell counts in in¬ mastitis and factors affecting somatic 15. Simos, E., L. P. Voutsinas, and C. P. fected and uninfected dairy goats. cell counts. J. Dairy Sci. 7:2103-2112. Pappas. 1991. Composition of milk Small Rumin. Res. 16:165-169. 8. Kapture, J. 1991. Milk conference of native Greek goats in the region of 21. Zeng.S.S. 1996. Comparison of goat focus: Somatic cell counts. Dairy' Metsovo. Small Rumin. Res. 4:47- milk standards with cow milk stan¬ GoatJ. 6:370; 7:415. 60. dards on analyses of somatic cell 9. Lin, C. J., and H. S. Chang. 1994. 16. Smith, K. L., andj. S. Hogan. 1998. count, fat and protein in goat milk. Studies on the relationship between Milk quality — a worldwide perspec¬ Small Rumin. Res. 21:221-225. somatic cell counts and milk quality tive, p.3-9. In Proc. 37th annual meet¬ 22. Zeng, S. S., and E. N. Escobar. 1995. in goat milk. J. Chinese Soc. An. Sci. ing of the National Mastitis Council Effect of parity and milk production 23:4407-4418. (NMC), St. Louis, MO. on somatic cell count, standard plate 10. Osteras, O., and E. Brenne. 1992. 17. USDA/ARS. 1997. USDA Nutrient Da¬ count and composition of goat milk. Cell count and chemical values in tabase for Standard Reference, Re- goat milk. Meieriposten. 81:84-90. lea.se 11-1, USDA/ARS, Washington, Small Rumin. Res. 17:269-274. 11. Park, Y. W. 1991. Interrelationships DC. 23. Zeng, S. S., E. N. Escobar, and between somatic cell counts, elec¬ 18. Voutsinas, L.,C. Pappas, and M. Kat- T. Popham. 1997. Daily variations in trical conductivity, bacteria counts, siari. 1990. The composition of somatic cell count, composition, and percent fat and protein in goat milk. Alpine goats’ milk during lactation production of Alpine goat milk. Small Small Rumin. Res. 5:367-375. in Greece.). Dairy Res. 57:41-51. Rumin. Res. 26:253-260.

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Reader Service No. 113

690 Ooiry, Food and Environmental Sonitotion - OCTOBER 1999 1927 Presidential Address

Dr. W. A. Shoults Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

deem it an honor and a privilege, and to me traveling among and working with officials engaged I as a Canadian it is a great pleasure to pre- in the improvement of public milk supplies. Ob- side at this, our first convention to be serving the work at that time was more or less a held in Canada. It is fitting that this meeting matter of individual enterprise, it occurred to him should be held in Toronto, the Queen City that if there were better opportunities for the in- of the leading province in this Dominion. terchange of opinions among officials, a better We hope the proceedings will be ofa character that medium for making public the findings of those will enable you who come from the United States to engaged in research, and a more concerted effort carry away the most pleasant and kindly recollec- on the part of those engaged on the problem of tions of your visit to this side of the imaginary line cleaner and safer milk supplies, much more could which divides this continent. Since our organiza- be accomplished; and so the idea of forming an tion is probably not so well known in Canada as on organization was conceived, the American side, I will take the liberty of making The International Dairy Show of 1911 was held some reference to the early history of the Associa- at the city of Milwaukee and Mr. Weld took this tion. opportunity of discussing the project with officials Prior to 1911, our Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. who happened to be present. Immediate organ- Weld, as a representative of the United States De- ization was agreed upon, and in a room in partment of Agriculture, had for several years been the auditorium in Milwaukee, after much travail.

SOMETHING NEW...

Over the next few months we will be running a new section in Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation called Refelections from the Past. The purpose of this section will be to provide historical information about the Association. We invite all Members to write about their memories of lAMFES history', or to write about their experiences with the Association.

OCTOBER 1999 - Doiry, Food and Environmental Sanitation 691 a lusty infant, the International Association of Dairy names of Lord Lister, Pasteur, Von Behring, and and Milk Inspectors, was born on October 16, Koch. To Pasteur, we owe the credit for the 1911. The offspring of that meeting has thriven and process of treating milk which bears the name grown until its influence has been felt over the “pasteurization” and which, when properly and entire continent, and even beyond the seas. The efficiently carried out, is the most valuable single records show that nine members were enrolled agency yet developed for the safeguarding of at the organization meeting, and the following public milk supplies. The improvement in the officers were elected: President, C. J. Steffen; First quality and safety of milk and dairy products has Vice President, A. N. Henderson; and Secretary- been accomplished in two principal ways; namely, Treasurer, I. C. Weld. cleaner methods of handling, and pasteurization. Within the next year, five applicants were Certified Milk has set a standard for the pro¬ accepted to membership. The first annual meeting duction and handling of milk that has influenced was held in connection with the International Dairy the entire industry. Pasteurization is the other great Show in the auditorium in Milwaukee, October 25, factor in improvement. Within the last couple of 1912. At 16 years of age, the Association has an years, commercial pasteurization has been submit¬ active membership of about 180. Fifteen annual ted to a more searching scrutiny on the part of reports have been published. These fifteen volumes public health officials. In some cases, a wide gap contain 483 papers. About 7,500 copies of the was found between technical pasteurization and reports have been distributed throughout the the commercial so-called pasteurization practiced. United States and Canada, and many also have been The net result of these investigations will sent to European, Asiatic, and South American undoubtedly be the more efficient application of countries. this valuable safeguard. Coupled with this improve¬ I do not flatter our Secretary, Mr. Weld, but ment in the general quality and wholesomeness of merely pay him a well-earned tribute when I say public milk supplies, there has been an increasing that not only did he play a leading part in bringing appreciation of the nutritive value of this impor¬ this organization into being, but what has been tant food, and the per capita consumption of milk accomplished by the Association throughout its and dairy products on this continent is daily in¬ entire history has been in large measure due to his creasing. In times past, owing to the distance from untiring efforts. the source of supply, the perishable nature of the The more efficient supervision and control of product, and the risk of contamination on transit, milk and dairy products during the last 25 years the great problem lay in supplying the larger cities have been important factors in extending the span with a safe milk supply. The application of modern of human life. This has been called the age of methods now makes this possible. But while in the disease prevention. In the sixteenth century, the prevention of milk-borne diseases, much has been expectancy of human life in England was said to accomplished in the larger cities, little has been be 21 years. This time has been gradually extended done to protect milk consumers in the rural until the expectancy of life is now estimated at from districts and the smaller urban centers. Because the 56 to 58 years, no less than nine of which have possibilities of handling milk in a large way are been added during the first quarter of the present so limited, and because the cost of efficient super¬ century. The remarkable strides of the last 60 years vision is relatively high, the safeguarding of milk have been largely due to the advancement in sur¬ supplies in the smaller urban centers is a difficult gery, and to the more efficient control and preven¬ problem, and one which calls for serious and tion of communicable disease. It is in this latter thoughtful consideration. field that the work with which we are concerned Reprinted from The Sixteenth Annual Report plays an essential part. Prominently associated with of the International Association of Dairy and Milk the achievements of the nineteenth century are the Inspectors, 1927.

Success consists not so much in sitting up nights as being awake in the daytime.

692 Dairy, food and Environmentol Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 Report of Special Committee on Association Publication

Presented at the Annual Meeting^ Louisville^ Kentucky October, 1937

t the Twentieth Annual Meeting of Accordingly, and acting with the approval of A the Association of Milk Sanitarians the Executive Board and with the personal held in Montreal, Canada in 1931, assistance of the Association President, the Special the suggestion was made, and Committee on Association Publication has renewed at subsequent meetings, established and presents herewith the JOURNAL that consideration be given to the OF MILK TECHNOLOGY. The first issue, published establishment of an Association journal. Following without cost to the Association, is a Special the 1933 Annual Meeting, a Special Committee Convention Number for the Association’s Twenty- on Association Publication was appointed. After sixth Annual Meeting, Louisville, Kentucky. It is thorough study of the subject it presented com¬ presented as a part of this report. prehensive reports at the 1934 and 1935 Annual The Special Committee on Association Pub¬ Meetings outlining the editorial and managerial lication recommends: that the International requirements involved. At the 1936 Annual Meeting Association of Milk Sanitarians formally designate in Atlantic City, NJ, the subject was referred to the the JOURNAL OF MILK TECHNOLOGY as its Executive Board with power to act. The original official publication to be published in lieu of the Special Committee on Association Publication, with Annual Report; that, beginning in January 1938, additions, was requested by the Executive Board the Journal be inaugurated as a bi-monthly publi¬ to establish a journal, if practicable, subject to the cation; that the Association take action at the 1937 approval of the Board. Several meetings were held Annual Meeting on the following: publication poli¬ during the year, one being a joint session with the cies; and management, including editing and busi¬ Executive Board. After consideration of all phases ness; finances; management be made responsible of the problem including possible affiliation with other publications, it was decided that a journal is to the Executive Board of the Association. essential in the field of milk technology and the Respectfully submitted, Wm. B. Palmer, Association is able and ought to proceed with such C. Sidney Leete, J. J. Regan, J. H. Shrader, andj. A. a publication. There are ample indications that with Tobey. proper management such a journal can be made Reprinted from the Journal of Milk Technol¬ financially self-sustaining. ogy, Volume 1 — 1937-1938.

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, food ond Environmental Sanitation 693 NewMembers

CANADA Arkansas lilinois Gisele Atkinson Hong Wong Marlene Cells 3M Canada, Inc. j University of Arkansas Silliker Laboratories London, Ontario , Fayetteville South Holland

Inderjeet Gill Michael Wish Larry Draus Simon Fraser Health Region I Gerber Products Co. Ambitech Eng. Corp. Coquitlam, BC j Fort Smith Downers Grove

Stevie Joy Vidhya Gangar Nabisco Ltd. California Silliker Laboratories, Sauk Village Etobicoke, Ontario Joe Furuike Michael R. King j Driscoll Strawberry Wendy Powell Nalco Chemical Co., Oswego j Watsonville University of Guelph Richard J. Mathews Guelph, Ontario ! Tori Kindred Sterigenics International, Gurnee Don Richen I Foster Farms, Livingston Indiana Health Authority 5 Nancy S. Lin Drumheller, Alberta Pocino Foods, Co. Robert H. Seidmore Dearborn Co. Health Dept. Mouricio Bobodillo-Ruiz j City of Industry Rising Sun University of Guelph Robert F. Stovicek Downsview, Ontario Primus Labs, Santa Maria Mary E. Wesemann Dearborn Co. Health Dept. FRANCE Elizabeth Quaranta Dearborn City of Vernon Health Dept. Le Guern Fellous I Vernon Iowa Sanofi Pasteur Mames La Coquette Rush R. Berry Connecticut Papetti’s of Iowa, Lenox John O'Brien Suzanne Mutz Danone, Paris Kansas Perkin Elmer LLC, Norwalk Lars M. Malburg KOREA i District of Columbia Midwest Grain Products, Atchison Myung Sub Chung Korea Health Industry ^ Caroline Smith DeWaal Kentucky Development Institute, Seoul Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington Stephen F. Harris Lexington-Fayette Co. Health NORWAY Bill T. Jolly Dept., Lexington Joe M. Heidenreich [ New Zealand Embassy Food Diagnostics, Oslo I Washington Maine Susan Brewer UNITED STATES Florida IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Westbrook Alabama Ken Jey AVI, Miami Brian Eckenroth Adolgiso M. Mora IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Tuskegee University, Auburn ' D. Frank Kelsey Westbrook FMC Corporation, Lakeland Arizona Adam Potter Locie E. Thrall Fred Stein IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. FoodHandler, Mesa Miami Westbrook

694 Doiry, Food ond Environmenlol Sonitolion - OCTOBER 1999 Maryland New Jersey Les Smoot i Nestle USA, Inc., Dublin Ellen F. Morrison Claudia Moreno Rosa US Food and Drug Adminstration Rutgers University, New Brunswick Thomas J. Wierenga Rockville Proctor & Gamble, Cincinnati New York Patricio E. Umoren Bruce Budinoff Oklahoma TIC Gums, Inc., Belcamp I Steuben Foods Inc., Jamaica Cathy Crawford Advance Food Co., Enid Michigan Fred Elder ! FP Technologies, North Tonawanda James S. Arthurs Alonso A. Serrano j City-County Health Dept, of Biomedical Diagnostics, LLC Timothy Leach Oklahoma Co., Oklahoma City Ann Arbor FP Technologies, North Tonawanda

Eugene Grady Carol Norton Pennsylvania JoSang Group Inc., Grand Rapids I Flying Food Group, Jamaica Bassam A. Annous I US Dept, of Agriculture Ron Share Evelyne Mbandi Wyndmoor Wayne State University, Detroit Ecology & Environment, Inc. Lancaster Tennessee Mark A. Moorman Kellogg Company, Battle Creek North Carolina Gordon L. Smith Sara Lee, Cordova Gary E. Coleman Kenneth R. Priest I Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Texas Berrien Co. Health Dept., Niles I Research Triangle Park Shane Calhoun Valerie Z. Roach Ohio Pilgrim’s Pride, Mt. Pleasant Dominos Pizza Inc., Ann Arbor Amy Brown Virginia Jerry W. Smith Lucas Co. Health Dept., Toledo Kalmia K. Phelps Origen, Inc., Ann Arbor Tracy Brown Virginia Tech, Christiansburg j Lucas Co. Health Dept., Toledo Sara E. Smith Washington Michigan State University David W. Caton Dave Faires East Lansing j I & K Distributor’s, Inc., Delphos I Frigoscandia Equipment, Bellevue

Tom D. Walz Debbie Dacquisto John Richards Rochester Midland, Dewitt 1 Lucas Co. Health Dept., Toledo Alcide Corporation, Redmond

Wendy S. Fox Minnesota Wisconsin Ross Products Division, Columbus Edward N. Beringer, III Brenda Walters j Dave Goins 3M Microbiology Products Eskimo Pie Corp., New Berlin j Q Laboratories, Inc., Cincinnati St. Paul Adam C. Borger Barbara E. Held Kraft Foods/Oscar .Mayer Div. Mississippi Kroger, Westerville Madison

Custy Fernandes Ralph E. Neller Gina L. Mode CREC, Biloxi DiverseyLever, Cincinnati UW-Madison, Madison

New lAMFES Sustaining Member

Heather Thompson PestWest Electronics Ltd. Ossett, England, United Kingdom

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonifafian 695 NewMembers

CANADA Arkansas Illinois Gisele Atkinson Hong Wang Marlene Celis 3M C'anada, Inc. University of Arkansas Silliker Laboratories London, Ontario Fayetteville South Holland

Inderjeet Gill Michael Wish Larry Draus Simon Fraser Health Region (ierber Products Co. Ambitech Eng. Cxtrp. (ioquitlam, B(' Fort Smith Downers Grove

Stevie Joy Vidhya Gangar Nabisco Ltd. California Silliker Laboratories, Sauk Village Ktobicoke, Ontario Joe Furuike Driscoll Strawberrv' Michael R. King Wendy Powell Nalco Chemical Co., Oswego Watsonville rniversity of Guelph Richard J. Mathews (iiielph. Ontario Tori Kindred Sterigenics International, Ciurnee Don Richen Foster Farms, Livingston Indiana Health Authority 5 Nancy S. Lin Drumheller, Alberta Pocino Foods, Co. Robert H. Seidmore Dearborn Co. Health Dept. Mouricio Bobodillo-Ruiz City of Industry Rising Sun rniversity of Guelph Robert F. Stovicek Downsview, Ontario Primus Labs, Santa Maria Mary E. Wesemann Dearborn Co. Health Dept. FRANCE Elizabeth Quaranta Dearborn City of Vernon Health Dept. Le Guern Fellous V'ernon Iowa Sanofi Pasteur ■Marnes La (Coquette Rush R. Berry Connecticut Papetti’s of Iowa, Lenox John O'Brien Suzanne Mutz Danone, Paris Kansas Perkin Fimer LL(], Norwalk Lars M. Malburg KOREA District of Columbia Midwest Grain Products, Atchison Myung Sub Chung Korea Health Industr\' Caroline Smith DeWaal Kentucky Development Institute, Seoul C'enter for Science in the Public Interest, Washington Stephen F. Harris Lexington-Fayette Ca). Health NORWAY Bill T. Jolly Dept., Lexington Joe M. Heidenreich New Zealand Embassy Food Diagnostics. Oslo Washington Maine Susan Brewer UNITED STATES Florida IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Westbrook Alabama Ken Jey AVI, Miami Brian Eckenroth Adolgiso M. Mora IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Fuskegee I'niversity, Auburn D. Frank Kelsey Westbrook FM(] Corporation, Lakeland Arizona Adam Potter Locie E. Thrall Fred Stein IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. FoodHandler, .Vlesa Miami I Westbrook

694 Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 Maryland New Jersey Les Smoot .Nestle USA. Inc., Dublin Ellen F. Morrison Claudia Moreno Rosa US Food and Drug Adminstration Rutgers University, New Brunswick Thomas J. Wierenga Rockville Proctor ik Gamble. (Tncinnati New York Patricio E. Umoren Bruce Budinoff Oklahoma TIC Ciums, Inc., Bclcamp Steuben Foods Inc., Jamaica Cathy Crawford Advance Food (a)., Enid Michigan Fred Elder FP Fechnologies, North T'onawanda James S. Arthurs Alonso A. Serrano Biomedical Diagnostics, LLC Timothy Leach City-County Health Dept, of Oklahoma Co., Oklahoma (Tty Ann Arbor FP Fechnologies, .North T’onawanda

Eugene Grady Carol Norton Pennsylvania JoSang Clroup Inc., (irand Rapids Flying Food Group, Jamaica Bassam A. Annous US Dept, of Agriculture Ron Skare Evelyne Mbandi W’yndmoor W ayne State University, Detroit Hcology & Environment, Inc. Lancaster Tennessee Mark A. Moorman Kellogg C'-ompany, Battle Oeek North Carolina Gordon L. Smith Sara Lee, Ct)rdova Gary E. Coleman Kenneth R. Priest Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Texas Berrien Co. Health Dept., Niles Research T riangle Park Shane Calhoun Valerie Z. Roach Ohio Pilgrim’s Pride, Mt. Pleasant Dominos Pizza Inc., Ann Arbor Amy Brown Virginia Jerry W. Smith Lucas Co. Health Dept., Toledo Kalmia K. Phelps Origen, Inc., Ann Arbor Tracy Brown Virginia Tech, Christiansburg Lucas (a). Health Dept., Toledo Sara E. Smith Washington Michigan State University David W. Caton Dave Faires Fast Fansing 1 &. K Distributor’s, Inc., Delphos Frigoscandia Equipment, Bellevue

Tom D. Walz Debbie Dacquisto John Richards Rochester Midland, Dewitt Lucas C^o. Health Dept., T oledo Alcide Corporation, Redmond

Wendy S. Fox Minnesota Wisconsin Ross Products Division, Columbus Brenda Walters Edward N. Beringer, III Dave Goins 3M Microbiology Products Eskimo Pie (x)rp.. New Berlin Q Laboratories, Inc., (Tncinnati St. Paul Adam C. Borger Barbara E. Held Kraft FoodS/Oscar Mayer Div. Mississippi Kroger, Westerville Madison

Custy Fernandes Ralph E. Neller Gina L. Mode CREC, Biloxi DiverseyLever, Cincinnati l^'-Madison, .Madison

New lAMFES Sustaining Member

Heather Thompson PestW'est Electronics Ltd. Ossett, England, I nited Kingdt)m

OCTOBER 1 999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 695 AffiliateOfficers

ALABAMA ASSN. OF MILK, FOOD CALIFORNIA ASSN. OF DAIRY & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS & MILK SANITARIANS Pres., Ed Mabry.Cowarts Pres., Gary Timmons.Ontario 1st Vice Pres., Anne Quilter Goldstein .... Sacramento Pres. Elect, Ron Dawsey.Montgomery 2nd Vice Pres., Giselle Puckett.Fairfield Vice Pres., Tollie Haley Meggs.Tuscaloosa Past Pres., Ed Wensel.Livermore Sec’y- Treas., Patricia Lindsey.Cullman Sec’y. Treas., John Bruhn.Davis Delegate, Ed Mabry.Cowarts Delegate, John Bruhn.Davis Mail all correspondence to: Mail all correspondence to: Patricia Lindsey John C. Bruhn Cullman County Health Dept. Dairy Research and Information Center P.O. Box 1678 University of Califomia-Davis Cullman, AL 35056-1678 Food Science and Technology 256.734.0243 One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616-8598 530.752.2191 ALBERTA ASSN. OF MILK, FOOD & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS CAROLINAS ASSN. OF MILK, FOOD Pres., Gary Gensler.Edmonton & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS Pres. Elect, Michelle Rymal.Edmonton Pres., Joe Neely.Columbia, SC Past Pres., Elaine Dribnenky.Red Deer Vice Pres., Susan Grayson.Cary, NC Sec’y., Kelly Sawka.Edmonton Sec’y., Beth Johnson.Columbia, SC Treas., Bonnie Jensen.Edmonton Treas., Jennifer Quinlan.Raleigh, NC Delegate, Lawrence Roth.Edmonton Delegate, Beth Johnson.Columbia, SC Mail all correspondence to: Mail all correspondence to: Lawrence Roth Joe Neely Food Quality Branch SCDHEC Division of Environmental Health Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development 2600 Bull St. 6909 - 116th St., 5th Floor Columbia, SC 29201 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 4P2 803.935.7890 780.427.2277 CONNECTICUT ASSN. OF DAIRY

BRITISH COLUMBIA FOOD & FOOD SANITARIANS, INC. PROTECTION ASSOCIATION Pres., Colleen Mears.Windsor Locks Vice Pres., David Herrington.Middlefield Pres., Clive Kingsbury'.Surrey Sec’y., Donald Shields.Hartford Sec’y, John Boyce.Oakville, Ontario Treas., Kevin Gallagher.Hartford Treas., Ernst Schoeller.West Vancouver Delegate, Satyakam Sen.Bristol Delegate, Gillian Geere.Richmond Mail all correspondence to: Mail all correspondence to: Kevin Gallagher Clive Kingsbury Dept. Consumer Protection (Food Div.) Fleetwood Sausage State Office Bldg., Rm #167 5523 - 176th St. 165 Capitol Ave. Surrey, BC V3S 4C2 Hartford, CT 06106 604.576.1191 ext. 3740 203.566.4716

696 Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 FLORIDA ASSN. OF MILK, FOOD Mail all correspondence to: & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC. Nicolette Oates 11920 So. 74th Ave. Pres., Roy E. Costa.Winter Park Palos Heights, IL 60463 Pres. Elect, Frank Yiannas.Lake Buena Vista 773.722.7100 Vice Pres., Zeb Blanton.Tallahassee Past Pres., Marian Ryan.Winter Haven INDIANA ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Sec'y., Sharon Grossman.Orange City ASSN., INC. Treas., Bill Thornhill.Winter Haven Pres., Dave Lamm.Indianapolis Delegate, Peter Hibbard.Orlando Pres. Elect, John Hulewicz.Goshen Mail all correspondence to; Vice Pres., Rhonda Madden.Indianapolis Roy Costa Past. Pres., Stephanie Dunlap.Indianapolis 2694 Magnolia Road Treas., Jennifer Warner.Indianapolis Deland, FL 32720 Sec’y., Janice Wilkins.Muncie Delegate, Helene Hhlman.Hammond 904.943.9602 Mail all correspondence to; GEORGIA ASSN. OF FOOD Helene Uhlman & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS Hammond Health Dept. 649 Conkey St., East Pres., Pam York.McDonough Vice Pres., Sid Camp.Atlanta Hammond, IN 46324 Sec’yv Todd Silberg.Duluth 219.853.6358 Treas., James C. Camp.Newnan Delegate, David Fry.Lilburn IOWA ASSN. OF MILK, FOOD & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC. Mail all correspondence to: Todd Silberg Pres., Jon Knight.Waterloo DARDEN Restaurants Vice Pres., Randy Stephenson.Stacvwille 3775 Palisade Park Dr. 1st Vice Pres., Susan Stence.Charter Oak Duluth, GA 30096 2nd Vice Pres., .Mike Klein.Rickardsville 770.622.6005 Past Pres., Noretia Kramer.Arlington Sec’y. Treas., Monica Streicher.Arlington IDAHO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ASSN. Delegate, Randy Hanson.Dubuque Pres., Edgar Hale.Coeur d’Alene Pres. Elect, Edward Marugg.Pocatello Mail all correspondence to: Past Pres., Steve Bastian.Preston Monica Streicher Sec’y. Treas., Tom Hepworth.Pocatello c/o Associated Milk Producers Inc. 3281 40th St. Delegate, Edgar Hale.Coeur d’Alene Arlington, lA 50606 Mail all correspondence to: 319.933.4521 ext. 222 Dale King P.O. Box 1239 KANSAS ASSN. OF SANITARIANS Orofino, ID 83544 Pres., Marv' Glassburner.C'hanute 208.476.7850 1st Vice Pres., Joe Funk.Salina 2nd Vice Pres., Dan Partridge.Hutchinson ASSOCIATED ILLINOIS MILK, FOOD Past Pres., Marvin Simonton.Wellington & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS Sec’y., Chris McVey.Emporia Pres., Gary Kuhlman.Springfield Treas., Greg Willis.Hoisington Pres. Elect, Leroy Dressel.Highland Mail all correspondence to: 1st Vice Pres., Tom Gruetzmacher.Rockford Chris McVey 2nd Vice Pres., Steve DiVincenzo.Springfield Lyon County Health Dept. Past Pres., Karen Engbretson.Rockford 420 W. 15th Ave. Sec’y. Treas., Nicolette Oates.Chicago Emporia, KS 66801 Delegate, (Charles Price.Lombard 316.342.4864

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, food ond Environmental Sanitation 697 AffiliateOlfiters, continued

KENTUCKY ASSN. OF DAIRY, Mail all correspondence to: FOOD & ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS Fred Weber 2732 Kuser Road Pres., Jim Wesley.Somerset Hamilton, NJ 08691-9430 Pres. Elect, Johnny Summers.Hazard 609.584.7677 Vice Pres., Timothy Wright.Versailles Sec’y., Brenda Haydon.Frankfort Treas., Kim True.Frankfort MICHIGAN ENVIRONMENTAL Delegate, Kim True.Frankfort HEALTH ASSN. Mail all correspondence to: Pres., Holly Mercer.Grand Rapids Johnny Summers Pres. Elect, Keith Krinn.Southfield KY River Dist. Health Dept. Past Pres., Ron Holben.Lansing 441 Gormon Hollow Road Treas., Bruce DuHamel.Hemlock Hazard, KY 41701 Sec’y., Tom Olson. Holland 606.439.2361 Delegate, Holly Mercer.Grand Rapids

Mail all correspondence to: KOREA ASSN. OF MILK, Chuck Lichon FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS 220 W. Ellsworth Pres., Kook Hee Kang.Kyunggi-do Midland, MI 48640 1st Vice Pres., Duck Hwa Chung.Kyungnam 517.832.6656 2nd Vice Pres., Dong Suck Chang.Pusan Past Pres., Choong 11 Chung.Seoul

Sec’y-5 Deog Hwan Oh.Kangwon-do MINNESOTA SANITARIANS ASSN., INC. Auditor, Yoh Chang Yoon.Seoul Pres., Elaine Santi.Iron Delegate, Dong Kwan Jeong.Pusan Pres. Elect, Dale Heintz.Eyota Mail all correspondence to: Vice Pres., Gary Doucette.Brainerd Kook-Hee Kang Past Pres., Dan Erickson.St. Paul Dept, of Food and Life Science Sungkyunkwan University Sec’y. Treas., Paul Merman.Mounds View 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-Ku Delegate, Paul Merman.Mounds View' Suwon-city, 440-746 Korea Mail all correspondence to: 82.331.290.7802 Paul Nierman MASSACHUSEHS MILK, FOOD Dairy Quality Control Institute & ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTORS ASSN. 5205 Quincy St. Pres., Gail Stathis.Springfield Mounds View, MN 55112-1400 Vice Pres., Christine Majewski.Boston 612.785.0484 Past Pres., David Kochan.Northampton Sec’y* Treas., Fred Kowal.South Hadley i MISSISSIPPI ENVIRONMENTAL Delegate, Barb Kulig.West Springfield HEALTH ASSN. Mail all correspondence to: Fred Kowal Pres., Royce Freeman.Hattiesburg 49 Pine St. Pres. Elect, Susan Howell.Starkville South Hadley, MA 01075 Past Pres., Charlie Busier.Meridian 413.592.5914 Sec’y. Treas., Regina Holland.New Augusta Delegate, Regina Holland.New Augusta METROPOLITAN ASSN. OF DAIRY, FOOD & ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALISTS Mail all correspondence to: Regina Holland Pres., Jeffrey Bloom.Wooodbridge, NJ 1st Vice Pres., Steven Mitchell.Plainview, NY Perry County Health Dept. 2nd Vice Pres., Carol A. Schwar.Alpha, NJ P.O. Box 126 Sec’y. Treas., Fred Weber.Hamilton, NJ New Augusta, MS 39462 Delegate, Fred Weber.Hamilton, NJ 601.964.3288

698 Dairy, Food ond Environmentol Sonitotion - OCTOBER 1999 MISSOURI MILK, FOOD Mail all correspondence to: & ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ASSN. Debra Larson Pres., Stephen St. Clair.Hannibal | Food and Lodging Pres. Elect, Linda Wilson.Springfield ND Dept, of Health Vice Pres., Joel VanHoose.Jefferson City 600 E. Boulevard Ave., Dept. 301 Past Pres., Don Falls.Jefferson City Bismarck, ND 58505-0200 Sec’Yv Andrew Hoffman.Warrenton j 701.328.1292 Treas., Patrick Shannon.Jefferson City j Mail all correspondence to: OHIO ASSN. OF MILK, FOOD Stephen St. Clair & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS Marion County Health Dept. Pres., Hermine Willey.Columbus P.O. Box 1378 1st Vice Pres., Barry S. Pokomy.Fairfield Hannibal, MO 63401 2nd Vice Pres., Rodger Tedrick.Gahanna 573.221.1166 Past Pres., James Baker.Lancaster NEBRASKA ASSN. OF MILK Sec’y. Treas., Donald Barrett.Canal Winchester & FOOD SANITARIANS Delegate, Gloria Swick.New Lexington Pres., Gary Hosek.Lincoln i Mail all correspondence to: Vice-Pres., Tom Tieso.Lincoln Donald Barrett Past Pres., Roger Biltoft.Oak Health Dept. Sec’y., Mindy Brashears.Lincoln | 6855 DUey Road NW Treas., Jill Schallehn.Omaha Canal Winchester, OH 43110 Delegate, Diane West.Omaha ! 614.645.6195 Mail all correspondence to: ' Gary Hosek ONTARIO FOOD PROTECTION ASSN. NE Dept, of Health and Human Services Pres., Bill Boylan.Mississauga 301 Centennial Mall South Vice Pres., Ivan Lin jack!.Kitchener Lincoln, NE 68509 Past Pres., Jean Allen.Toronto 402.471.3121 Sec’y. Treas., Zul Nanjee.Guelph NEW YORK STATE ASSN. Delegate, Bill Boylan.Mississauga OF MILK & FOOD SANITARIANS Mail all correspondence to: Pres., Gary L. Davis.Canandaigua ; Ontario Food Protection Assn. Pres. Elect, Connie Kuhlman.Rome 28-380 Eramosa Road, Suite 279 Past Pres., William Byrne, Jr.Syracuse ' Guelph, Ontario NIE 7E1 Canada Sec’y-j Janene Lucia.Ithaca 519.823.8015 Delegate, Steven Murphy.Ithaca j Mail all correspondence to: Janene Lucia PENNSYLVANIA ASSN. OF MILK, c/o Cornell University FOOD & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS 172 Stocking Hall Pres., Clyde H. Treffeisen.Southampton Ithaca, NY 14853 Pres. Elect, Patricia L. McKenty.Lancaster 607.255.2892 Vice Pres., Doug Smith.Lancaster NORTH DAKOTA ENVIRONMENTAL Past Pres., Patrick Campbell.Ambridge Sec’y., Eugene R. Frey.Lancaster HEALTH ASSN. Treas., Robert K. Mock.Boyertown Pres., Mike Walton.Bismarck Delegate, Eugene R. Frey.Lancaster 1st Vice Pres., James Schothorst.Grand Forks ! 2nd Vice Pres., Dick Bechtel.Mandan Mail all correspondence to: Past Pres., Kevin Misek.Rugby Eugene R. Erey Sec’y-J Debra Larson.Bismarck 307 Pin Oak Place Treas., Kenan Bullinger.Bismarck Lancaster, PA 17602-3469 Delegate, John Ringsrud.Lakota 717.397.0719

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 699 AffiliateOfficers, continued

SOUTH DAKOTA ENVIRONMENTAL Mail all correspondence to: HEALTH ASSN. David Dansey Pres., Cindy Koopman.Sioux Falls Box 1163 Richmond, VA 23209-1163 Pres. Elect, Curtis Thclen.Sioux Falls 804.786.1452 Past Pres., Shannon Jordre.Pierre Sec’y. Treas., Gary J. Van Voorst.Sioux Falls WASHINGTON MILK Delegate, (iary J. Van Voorst.Sioux Falls & FOOD SANITARIANS ASSN. Mail all correspondence to: Pres., Marc Bates. Pullman Gary J. Van Voorst Pres. Elect, Matthew Andrews .. Seattle 132 N. Dakota Ave. Past Pres., Greg Rood. .Roy Sioux Falls, SD 57104 Sec’y. Treas., William Brewer. .. Seattle 605.367.8787 Delegate, Stephanie Olmsted . .Kent TENNESSEE ASSN. OF MILK, Mail all correspondence to: WATER & FOOD PROTECTION William Brewer 12509 10th Ave., NW Pres., Jim Byington.Blountville Seattle, WA 98177-4309 Pres, Elect, Steve Jones.Kingsport 206.363.5411 Vice Pres., Ronnie Wade.Memphis Past Pres., Suzie Sykes.Arlington, TX WISCONSIN ASSN. OF MILK Sec’y* Treas., Ann Draughon.Knoxville & FOOD SANITARIANS Bd. Mem.-at-Lge., Jim Howie.Charlotte, NC Archivist, Ruth Fuqua.Mt. Juliet Pres., John Christy.Sparta Pres. Elect, George Nelson.Menomonie Mail all correspondence to: 1st Vice Pres., Dean Sommer.Waupun Ann Draughon University of Tennessee 2nd Vice Pres., Kathy Glass. Madison Food Science and Technology Dept. Past Pres., Amy Bender.Richland Center Knoxville, TN 37901-1071 Sec’y., Randall Daggs.Sun Prairie 423.974.7425 Treas., Neil Vassau.Verona Delegate, Randall Daggs.Sun Prairie TEXAS ASSN. OF MILK, Mail all correspondence to: FOOD & ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS Randall Daggs Pres., Mike Giles.Tyler 6699 Prairie View Dr. Past Pres., Fred Reimers.San Antonio Sun Prairie, W1 53590 Sec’y. Treas., Ron Richter.College Station 608.266.9376 Delegate, Janie Park.Austin Mail all correspondence to: WYOMING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ASSN. TAMFES Pres., Laurie Leis.Casper P.O. Box 10092 Pres. Elect, Shirley Etzell.Lander College Station, TX 77843-2471 Past Pres., Stephanie Whitman.Laramie 409.845.4409 Sec’y., Nola Evans.Laramie VIRGINIA ASSN. OF SANITARIANS Treas., Roy Kroeger.Cheyenne & DAIRY FIELDMEN Delegate, Nola Evans.Laramie Pres., Bennett Minor.Mechanicsville Mail all correspondence to: 1st Vice Pres,, Michael Hodges.Martinsville Nola Evans Past Pres., Randy Osborn .Independence 4205 Crow Dr. Sec’y. Treas., David Dansey.Richmond Laramie, WY 82072 Delegate, David Dansey.Richmond 307.745.4591

700 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitolion - OCTOBER 1999 UpDates

Elgin Dairy Foods, Inc., In his new position, Arm¬ to FDA. He began his government career as a veterinary reviewer in Announces Appointment strong will be responsible for developing strategy- and implemen¬ the Office of New Animal Drug of Julie Maher tation plans, which includes Evaluation (ONADE) in June, 1972. In 1974, Dr. Beaulieu Elgin Dairy Foods has an¬ coordinating distribution company nounced that Julie Maher has work processes to facilitate transferred to the Office of joined their growing staff as a development of the company’s Surveillance and Compliance, electronic business capability. marketing associate. Her appoint¬ w'here he moved up to division Armstrong previously served ment was announced by Jim director in the Division of Surveil¬ as business director of marketing Gignac, VP Sales and Marketing. lance. In 1991, he became director for the Industrial Chemicals & “We’re excited to have Julie of the Division of Therapeutic- Solvents (IC&S) Division. Having focusing on our marketing pro¬ Drugs for Food Animals in worked for Ashland Chemical for grams, she brings an impressive ONADE. In November, 1992, he several years before, Armstrong was appointed a deputy director range of experience and talent that rejoined the company in 1985 as of ONADE. In addition. Dr. will enable us to grow our market¬ a business manager for the General Beaulieu also served in the Office ing programs, including a fluency- Polymers Division. He also has of Research for a brief time. in Spanish that will also help her served as a chemical-purchasing Dr. Beaulieu has received focus on our Spanish-speaking manager, operations director for several FDA honor awards, includ¬ clients,” said Gignac. Distribution Services Organization, ing two awards of merit, four Julie has already led an and held other positions within commendable service awards, a interesting and varied career, Ashland. commissioner’s special citation, a including a six-month placement A native of Altamont, NY, Deputy- Commissioner's Special Armstrong holds a bachelor’s as a missionary in Ecuador where Recognition Award, and numerous degree in chemical engineering she was responsible for teaching group recognition aw ards during from The Ohio State University over 800 children while involved his distinguished career. in marketing efforts to increase and a master’s degree in business sponsorship. Before that, Julie was administration from Rutgers I Universitv. with Phillip F. Maher & Assoc., as i New Inside Sales an accountant, following her time Representative at Alfa as VP of Sales and Marketing at Beaulieu Appointed CVM Laval Flow Inc. Discoveries International Import Store in DePere, WI. Deputy Director Dan Miller, of Racine, Wiscon¬ FDA Commissioner Jane E. sin, has accepted a position Henney, M.D. has approved the with Alfa Laval Flow Inc. as an Ashland Distribution appointment of Dr. Andrew J. inside sales representative for the Company Names Beaulieu as Deputy Director of G&H Division. In this role, Dan FDA’s Center for Veterinary- w-ill perform a wide variety of Armstrong Director Medicine (CVM) effectivejuly customer service functions of Electronic Commerce 18,1999. Dr. Beaulieu succeeds including processing orders, Dr. Michael J. Blackwell, w ho left addressing customer inquires and shland Distribution Company A CVM on February 1, 1999. Dr. Bert implementing return material has named David H. Armstrong Mitchell has been Acting Deputy- requests. Director of Electronic Commerce Director of CVM since Dr. A graduate of Northern for its operations. The announce¬ Blackwell’s departure. Michigan University, Dan brings ment was made by Peter M. After receiving his D.V.M. several years of personnel super¬ Bokach, President of Ashland degree cum laude from The Ohio visory- experience in the employ ¬ Distribution Company. State University, Dr. Beaulieu came ment placement industry.

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 701 USDA Develops Third forces acting within the Party Certification for areas of food production, retailing and global EU Non-Hormone marketing. Treated Cattle Program Beside work carried out with he US Department of other technical programmes of the Agriculture’s Food Safety WHO Regional Office, in the and Inspection Service and j preparation of a European Food Agricultural Marketing Service and Nutrition Action Plan, the have developed a third party main activities within the certification system for the EU programme are: Non-Hormone Treated Cattle • assistance to countries in Program. A Sept. 9 meeting developing/strengthening provided further details of the their National Food Safety third party certification. Programmes (updating of The European Union requires legislation in accordance that beef or veal imported to their I to Codex Alimentarius and member states originate from i EU-Legislation, strengthen¬ animals that have never received ! ing food control services, hormonal growth promotants. j promoting quality assur¬ On July 16, FSIS suspended the ! ance systems based on the certification of the Non-Hormone Food Safety Hazard Analysis and Treated Cattle Program over Programme Web Site Critical Control Point concerns with controls in the System - HACCP); program. FSIS is working with | Dr. MarcoJermini, Food • strengthening surveillance industry to improve controls from | Safety Programme Manager, of foodborne disease by birth to slaughter, processing, and j The European Centre for implementing the “WHO packaging of the product. i Environment and Health, a Centre Surveillance Programme One initiative is the develop¬ within the Department of Environ¬ for Control of Foodborne ment of a third party certification I system, provided by AMS, that will j ment and Health of the WHO Infections and Intoxica¬ provide livestock producers and i Regional Office for Europe has tions in Europe” and by meat packers an opportunity to opened its new Web site, which publishing quarterly assure that their programs con¬ presents the actual programmes Newsletters; form to the requirements of the i and products: Environmental • strengthening of food EU. ; Epidemiology, Waste Management, contaminants monitoring; FSIS has developed guidelines Water and Sanitation, Environmen¬ • promoting of a better that should be used by all phases | tal Health in Italy, Climate Change, understanding of the of the industry to develop written ! Children and Health, International relationship between food programs to document that meat Tyroid Project, Partnership in intake and disease causa¬ marketed as “hormone free” is tion (e.g. microbiological Health and Emergency, and Food from animals that have not re¬ risk assessment); Safety. ceived hormone treatment. • promoting the establish¬ The Food Safety Programme, Each phase of production I ment of a monitoring at the Internet address www. must receive third party verifica- i system for multidrug tion. AMS has agreed to offer who. it/programmes/food_safety. resistance in bacterial certification services to industry htm, operates to ensure that: j strains of food and on a fee-for-service basis. FSIS has • information on food safety drinking water origin; also delegated authority to AMS is properly collected and to accredit other third parties • promoting the assessment circulated to provide the interested in providing certifica¬ of long-term global risk basis for policy and tion of the systems. of genetically modified Once AMS or an AMS-accred- monitoring; I foods; and ited third party has completed the • health-oriented guidelines j • supporting policy devel¬ audit and verified every step in the are constantly updated; and opment integrating food production chain, FSIS will be able | • an international indepen¬ safety and nutritional to resume export certification of I dent body plays a public aspects into National non-hormone treated beef to the health advocacy role vis-a- Environmental Health EU on a case-by-case basis. vis the strong economic Action Plans.

702 Daily, Food and Environmenlol Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 Users interested in subscribing i and analyze their data or informa¬ nomenclature to the geographical the electronic version of the I tion spatially. Each piece of infor¬ area in which you want to work worldwide known Newsletter I mation is related in the system (e.g. region, district, village, health published within the framework j through specific geographical centre). The georeference of a of the WHO Surveillance Pro¬ coordinates (e.g. latitude and district must correspond to the gramme for the Control of longitude) to a geographical digitized base map. The georefer¬ Foodborne Infections and Intoxica¬ context. This can be a health ence of a village or health facility tions in Europe can register by facility, a laboratory, a village, a must be the exact geographical E-mail directly from the Web site district, a region, a country or a coordinates (latitude and longi¬ (the Newsletters are available in group of countries. The informa¬ tude). When these do not already English and in Russian). tion can be displayed in the form exist in the country, global posi¬ of graphs, charts and maps, tioning systems (GPS) can be used. Geographical Infor¬ although GIS are mainly used to GPS are used to obtain the geo¬ mation Systems (GIS); display results in the form of maps. graphical coordinates of a point on A GIS serves as a common a map, such as a village, a health Mapping for Epidemi¬ platform for convergence of centre, a dam. GPS are hand-held ological Surveillance multidisease surveillance activities. devices that read the exact posi¬ Standardized georeferencing of tion of the user through radio patial analysis and mapping S epidemiological data facilitates transmission to satellites. in epidemiology have a long standardized approaches to data The WHO/UNICEF Joint history, but until recently, management. As such, a GIS can Programme on Health-Mapping their use in public health has been serve as an entry point for inte¬ (HealthMap) has developed a limited. Maps were either created grating disease surveillance act¬ database management and map¬ manually, or in research institutes i ivities where appropriate. A GIS ping system called the Health- using capital-intensive GIS hard¬ facilitates the convergence of Mapper that has been customized ware and software. multisectoral data, including for public health applications at However, recent advances in epidemiological surveillance country, regional and global levels. geographical information and ' information, population informa¬ The system contains a standard¬ mapping technologies and in¬ tion, environmental information ized georeferenced database of creased awareness have created and health and other resources country, regional, district and new opportunities for public into a common platform for subdistrict boundary maps, rivers, health administrators to enhance analyses. roads, villages, and health and their planning, analysis and GIS and mapping technologies social infrastructures. The system monitoring capabilities. The late are being used by a wide variety of also comprises a user-friendly 1990s have seen a significant public health administrators, mapping interface and a database expansion in information and including policy makers, national management interface. It is mapping technology, including the programme managers, statisticians, currently being used in West development of desktop mapping epidemiologists, regional and Africa and will be extended for software, new programming tools district medical officers. use in all of Africa. South-East Asia for customization of mapping In order to establish an and the Eastern Mediterannean products and increasing connect¬ operational GIS for epidemiologi¬ regions of WHO. For more infor¬ ivity to information highways such cal surveillance, the following mation on how to get started using as the world wide web. steps should be followed. Deter¬ GIS for epidemiological surveil¬ GIS are often described as an mine the objectives of the GIS. lance and for accessing digitized organized collection of computer j Why do you want to use a GIS? basemaps, standardized geocoding hardware, software, geographical What is the problem to be solved? methods, and the HealthMapper, data and personnel designed to What kinds of analysis are to be please contact; WHO/TJNICEF efficiently capture, store, update, carried out? What are the final Joint Programme on Data Manage¬ manipulate, analyze and display all products expected of the GIS? forms of geographically referenced ment and Mapping HealthMap, Who is to access the GIS? Access information. Department for communicable While accurate, comprehen¬ digitized basemaps, e.g. maps of disease surveillance and response, sive and quite widely accepted, administrative boundaries, rivers, Wbrld Health Organization, 1211 this definition may not help the roads, etc. that contain xy coordi¬ Geneva 27, Switzerland; Tel: +41. public health newcomer to GIS. nates and are available as comput¬ 22.791.3881/3836/3861; Fax: +41. They are first and foremost an erized files. 22.791.4198; E-mail: meertj@who. information system with a geo¬ Georeference epidemiological ch or surveillancekit@w'ho.ch; graphical variable which enable surveillance datasets. Assigning a 1 nternet; w w w. w ho. i nt/emc/ users to easily process, visualize unique and standardized code or healthmap/healthmap.html.

OCTOBER 1999 - Doky, Food and Environmental Sanitation 703 News, continued

Food Irradiation Center; North American Meat The petition also noted that Processors; the Ozark Food “The Food Irradiation Coalition Coalition Petitions FDA Processors Association; the Pacific believes that this petition meets to Allow Use of Irrad¬ Seafood Processors Association; the criteria established by FDA’s iation on Variety of the Snack Food Association; the Center for Food Safety and Applied Society of the Plastics Industries; Nutrition for expedited review.” Ready-to-Eat Foods SteriGenics International; STERIS In January 1999, FDA announced nhe Food Irradiation Coali¬ Corporation-Isomedix Services; guidelines designed to provide for tion, a coalition of food and Titan Scan Corporation. Other the expedited review of food industry trade associations, groups providing endorsement for additive petitions for products health organizations, academic and the petition include the American designed to decrease the risk of consumer groups, has filed a Society of Microbiology; the foodborne, using food irradiation petition asking the Food and Drug Association of Food and Drug as an example of the type of Administration to extend the use Officials; and Consumer Alert. petition that could be designated of food irradiation for ready-to-eat The categories of food to be for expedited review. meat and poultry products and addressed include ready-to-eat A complete copy of the Food fruit and vegetable products. meat and poultry products and Irradiation Coalition’s petition is “We are submitting this fruit and vegetable products available on the National Food petition to extend the use of food (including seeds, nuts and Processors Association’s Web site irradiation in order to help elimi¬ sprouts). Specific examples of at www.nfpa-food.org. nate illness-causing microbial foods covered by the petition pathogens on various ready-to-eat include sprouts and seeds; juices; foods, thereby reducing related frozen fruits and vegetable such as Clothes That Kill: New incidents of foodborne illness,” the broccoli, peas and strawberries; Cotton Additive Kills Coalition stated. “Further, the use cut and packaged salads; refriger¬ Odor-Causing and of this process can be expected to ated ready-to-eat meat and poultry enhance the shelf life of these products, such as deli and lun¬ Pathogenic Bacteria ready-to-eat foods.” cheon meats; hotdogs; dried meat and Viruses within The cosponsoring organiza¬ and poultry products, such as beef Minutes tions for the petition include the jerky and turkey jerky; and frozen National Food Processors Associa¬ meat and poultry such as pre¬ simple, inexpensive way tion; the American Association of cooked beef patties and pre¬ of treating cotton textiles Meat Processors; American Bakers cooked frozen fried chicken. with a long-lasting antimi¬ Association; the American Meat The petition points out that crobial compound which rapidly Institute; the American Spice food irradiation has been studied kills pathogenic and odor-causing Trade Association; Food Distribu¬ and found to be safe and effective bacteria, plus a variety of viruses tors International; the Food by a variety of scientific authori¬ was described at the national Marketing Institute; the Food ties. “Cold pasteurization of foods meeting of the American Chemical Safeguards ('ouncil; Food Technol- as a means to destroy pathogenic, Society, the world’s largest scien¬ og\’ Services, Inc.; the Grocery foodborne bacteria and pathogens tific society. The formulation is Manufacturers of America; the on foods has been extensively faster and kills more bacteria and Infection Control Advisory Net¬ reviewed,” the Coalition stated. viruses than other “biocidal” work; the Infectious Diseases “For foods processed using cottons. And it can be recharged Society of America; the Institute irradiation, the potential for by rinsing treated fabrics in a of Shortening and Edible Oils; the consumer illness from pathogens dilute mixture of bleach and International Association of Color is virtually eliminated.” water, according to researchers. Manufacturers; the International The petition also documents The new treatment grafts Fresh Cut Produce Association; the safety and wholesomeness of compounds known as N-halamines Kansas State University; the the proposed use of food irradia¬ to cotton textiles, a process much National Cattlemen’s Beef Associa¬ tion on ready-to-eat meats, poultry, like that used to impart the tion; the National Chicken Coun¬ fruits and vegetables, and assesses “permanent press” finish that cil; the National Fisheries Institute; the impact on relevant essential leaves clothes wrinkle-free. J’his the National Meat Association; the nutrients in those foods, conclud¬ means clothing manufacturers National Restaurant Association; ing that the nutrient reduction could easily and inexpensively the Nebraska Food Processing would be “negligible.” adapt existing processes, says

704 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 Jeffrey Williams, Ph.D., President “We can show a million time current fragmented food safety and CEO of HaloSource, a Seattle- reduction in the amount of system and discusses our views on based company that is developing Salmonella in two minutes,” where in the federal government the technology. Williams claims. Most other food safety inspection responsibili¬ The treatment builds on treated textiles in the marketplace ties should reside.” research initially done by Univer¬ “take anywhere from 20 to 30 In summary, the structure of sity of California-Davis researcher minutes to several hours to bring the current food safety system, Gang Sun, Ph.D., who first de¬ about much more modest reduc¬ which costs the federal treasury signed the grafting procedure. tions,” he says. more than $ 1 billion annually, Williams says N-halamines also The compounds’ strength hampers efforts to address public can be incorporated into cellulose declines after repeated contact health concerns associated with fibers. Potential applications with bacteria and viruses. They existing and newly identified food include sportswear, clothing for can be recharged by simply rinsing safety risks. The fragmented health care workers, hospital and them in a dilute solution of bleach. system was not developed under hotel bedding, handkerchiefs, dish “The chlorine that is con¬ any rational plan but was patched cloths, household sponges, and sumed will be replaced in a together over many years to incontinence garments. “Eventually, laundry rinse,” Williams says. address specific health threats it may be possible to graft the Some of the formulations being from particular food products. compounds to wood cutting tested need to be rinsed with a Efforts to address food safety boards to protect against food- bleach solution only every five concerns, particularly changing borne bacteria,” he notes. washes or so, according to Will¬ health risks, are hampered by Chlorine is Key to Effective¬ iams and Sun. inconsistent and inflexible over¬ ness. N-halamines contain chlo¬ sight and enforcement authorities, rine atoms, which have a broad inefficient resource use, and range of effectiveness against US Needs a Single ineffective coordination. bacteria, viruses, yeast and fungi. Agency to Administer A single food safety inspection “Killing bacteria that cause a Unified, Risk-based agency responsible for administer¬ body odor will likely be the first ing a uniform set of laws is the use of textiles treated with Inspection System most effective way for the federal N-halamines. Informal in-house efore the Subcommittee on government to resolve these long¬ □ standing problems, deal with testing by HaloSource workers, Oversight of Government who wore socks and tee shirts Management, Restructuring emerging food safety issues, and treated with the chlorine-based and the District of Columbia, better ensure a safe food supply. biocide, showed noticeably Committee on Governmental While w^e believe that this would reduced odor with no adverse Affairs, US Senate Statement of be the most effective approach, w'e reactions,” he claims. Lawrence J. Dyckman, Director, recognize that there are short term costs and other considerations “Odor-resistant textiles based Food and Agriculture Issues, associated with setting up a new on the N-halamines formulation Resources, Community, and government agency. A second could reach the market within the Economic Development Division option, though less desirable, next six months,” Williams says, Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee: We are pleased to would be to consolidate food although medical applications will to discuss the need to revamp the safety activities in an existing take longer. federal food safety system. Each department. In such an event, Other biocidal cotton formula¬ year, millions of people become ill consolidating these activities— tions are available, Williams and and thousands die from eating either in the US Department of Sun point out. They claim, how¬ unsafe foods. As we have stated in Agriculture (USDA) or the Depart¬ ever, their approach is better previous reports and testimonies, ment of Health and Human because it works fast, can be fundamental changes to the food Service’s (HHS) Food and Drug recharged, and can be widely safety system are needed, includ¬ Administration presents benefits used. ing moving to a uniform, risk- and drawbacks. Regardless, it is “The chlorine acts very fast on based inspection system, adminis¬ unlikely that fundamental, long- targets,” says Williams, noting that tered by a single agency. Senator lasting improvements in food Salmonella, E. coll, and Staphylo¬ Dyckman stated his testimony safety will occur until food safety coccus are “all killed very shortly “provides an overview' of our work activities are consolidated under after contact with these fibers.” on the problems resulting from the a single agency and the current

OCTOBER 1999 - Doiry, Food and Environmental Sanitation 705 patchwork of food safety legisla¬ have symptoms of E. coli infection, Most ill individuals are pri¬ tion is altered to make it uniform but whose illness has not been mary cases, that is, they attended and risk-based. A full report can be laboratory confirmed. the Washington County Fair and found at www.gao.gov/new.items/ Case reports continue to be consumed water or products made rc99256t.pdf. received for patients who had with water piped from a contami¬ symptoms previously, but were nated well. Only about ten second¬ Capital District f. coli not diagnosed with E. coli infec¬ ary cases have been reported in tion until the past few’ days. For which infection was spread from Update; Case example, Washington County person to person because of poor Numbers as of residents accounted for an addi¬ sanitary practices. September 14, 1999 tional 23 case reports of patients Symptoms of E. coli infection who consulted with their physi¬ are diarrhea, occasionally bloody □ he New York State Depart¬ cians over the weekend. diarrhea, and abdominal cramping. ment of Health now’ reports To date, 64 people have been Fever is sometimes present along a total of 804 suspected and hospitalized as a result of the with the other symptoms. confirmed cases of E. coli 0157; E. coli outbreak associated with Health officials caution any H7 infection resulting from the the Washington County Fair. individuals with these symptoms Capital District outbreak. Eleven children developed to check with their health care A total of 112 cases have Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, a provider and to refrain from food been culture-confirmed through severe complication of E. coli handling, child care or patient a special laboratory test. Suspect infection, and two people have care while they are sick to prevent cases are those individuals who died. transmission of the illness.

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706 Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 IndustryProducts

Dynabeads® Immuno- Dynabeads* IMS is a rapid culture technique — colony Magnetic Separation acquisition means rapid results (IMS) of Foodborne with culture confirmation. This highly sensitive system will detect Patbogens as few as 100 organisms/ml of pre¬ Dynabead.s* anti-E. coli 0157, enriched sample. Improved Dynabeads'" anti-Salmonella, bacterial isolation with this and Dynabeads* anti-Listeria are method also makes it useful for designed for rapid, immunomag- the culture confirmation of other netic selective enrichment of presumptive methods. Protocols microorganisms directly from pre¬ are simple and reagents are shelf enrichment broths. The rapid and stable. The versatility provided by simple protocol (less than 1 hour) this methodology will allow testing saves 24 hours of valuable testing of many different types while time compared to culture methods enhancing the efficiency of using conventional selective exishng manual and automated Alfa Laval Flow Inc. enrichment media. Isolated detection methods. Dynal, Inc., Lake Success, NY ThinH\o\^®: Industry’s colonies are achieved in 24 hours for E. coli 0157 and 48 hours for No. 304 Smartest Control and Salmonella and Listeria. A Indication Unit method for EHEC isolation which utilizes Dynabeads* anti-E. coli Keller Introduces New he new ThinkTop from Alfa T 0157 appears in the 8th edition of Programs to Tt^ain Laval Flow Ine. offers the most advaneed automated control of Bacteriological Analytical Manual Employees on Food Safety valves in the industry. The Think- (BAM) and also is a Health Canada HPB Lab Procedure. Dynabeads* Jj. Keller & Associates, Inc. has Top* brings new technologies pre¬ introduced Food Safety Zone, pared for upgrading new valves or anti-Salmonella has achieved AOAC Performance Testing Status. a new series of video-based modifying an existing installation. training programs that provide Its revolutionary design offers two Dynabeads* are uniform, essential food safety information internal signals, external signals, or superparamagnetic microspheres to front-line employees. one of each, offering the most com¬ (2.8 microns in diameter) with Four primary training topics plete and flexible communication. affinity purified antibodies on are covered in this series. Basic Other features include: set-up their surface. When incubated Microbiology’ provides a simple without dismantling or re-adjusting; with a sample, Dynabeads* will self-adjusting; “universal” — fits all overview of foodborne pathogens. bind their target bacterium sanitary Alfa Laval valves; wide This program covers terminology, range of interface modules; inte¬ forming a bacterium: magnetic the impact of pathogens and safety grated indication of seat lift; bead complex. This complex is precautions. Cross Contamination external signals included — includ¬ separated from the heterogeneous describes the sources, causes and ing maintenance indication; and sample by performing the test in dangers of contamination in the saves set-up parameters until a magnetic test tube rack (Dynal food industry. It offers specific re-programmed, even in the event MPC"-M). The isolated and con¬ instruction on preventing cont¬ of a power failure. centrated bacterium: bead com¬ amination. Personal Hygiene Alfa Laval Flow Inc., Pleasant plex can then be cultured on any summarizes personal cleanliness, Prairie, WI selective culture medium or used showing employees how just one Reader Service in other detection systems. overlooked detail can have serious

The publishers do not warrant, either expressly or by implication, the factual accuracy of the products or descriptions herein, nor do they so warrant any views or opinions offered by the manufacturer of said articles and products.

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, food and Environmental Sonilotion 707 consequences. Sanitation demon¬ helping the reader to understand Whatman FT-IR Purge Gas strates sanitation procedures that the application. The reverse side Generators are specifically de¬ keep a food production workplace explains in detail the spray nozzle signed for use with FT-IR Spec¬ clean and safe. specified for the particular applica¬ trometers to provide a purified Each training topic is covered tion. purge gas and air bearing gas in a lO-minute video that delivers The Problem-Solving Applica¬ utilizing standard compressed air. easy-to-understand explanations tion Reports were published to Impurities such as water vapor and of complex points. The videos give companies a better under¬ carbon dioxide are effectively employ relevant, “real-life” ex¬ standing of how difficult problems removed to -1()()°F pressure dew amples to demonstrate proper can be solved by applying proper point and less than Ippm respec¬ ways to deal with h)od safety spray technology. The goal is for tively. The Generators completely eliminate the hazards, inconve¬ issues and to emphasize why food readers to glean new ideas or safety is important to all employees. nience and high costs of nitrogen begin discussion on ways to utilize Along with the training video, Dewars and cylinders, and spray nozzles in their own appl¬ each program in the series in¬ significandy reduces the costs of ications. cludes skill cards that summarize operating FT-IR instruments. Spraying Systems Co., key points and a handbook that Typical payback is less than one Wheaton, IL helps instructors prepare for year! Models are available with training sessions. No. 306 flow capacities ranging from 3-1 J. J. Keller & Associates, Inc., 1pm to 102 1pm.The compact wall- Neenah, W1 mountable design of the Genera¬ tors allow users to free-up valuable No. 305 laboratory floor space. Whatman Inc., Tewksbury, MA Series of Problem-Solving I Reader Service No. 307 I Application Reports Detail Use of Spray Technology Profile, High-Speed Fast- in Industrial Applications Slide”' Offers Efficient, Spraying Systems Co. has Effective Cold Storage published a series of Problem- Solving Application Reports Solution detailing the use of spray nozzles Rytec Corporation’s innovative in solving problems in a w ide Fast-Slide™ high-speed cold range of industrial settings. storage door saves valuable storage Each of the “mini case studies” space while providing all effective clearly identifies the problem Whatman Inc. doorway solution for cooler and facing the company or OEM. The freezers. I’he door projects only reports then discuss how spray 13-inches from the wall and sliding technology was used to solve the Whatman Gas Generators action, enabling racking to literally problem. In addition, the benefits Designed to Produce Ultra be butted up against the door. This of installing spray nozzles are allows for additional, premium cited, including improved product Dry, Purified CD2,-Free cold .storage space. quality, reduced emissions, Purge Gas for FT-IR A 1.5 HP variable-speed AC improved productivity, reduced Spectrometers are Now drive opens the door at up to 8 maintenance downtime and feet per second and (closes the reduced manufacturing costs. Available door at 3 1/2 feet per second, The various industries repre¬ significantly reducing warm air sented in the reports include: Dangerous and hazardous infiltration and saving energy pollution control, metal finishing, cylinders of gas used to purge costs. The door’s high-speed food processing, chemical process¬ FT-IR instruments can now' be operation also improves traffic ing, and pulp and paper. replaced with a Whatman FT-IR flow and increases productivity. Each report includes an Purge Gas Generator now available “The door is capable of illustration of the spray application from Whatman Inc. operating thousands of times a day

708 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 which is a requirement in some Fast-Slide, just like the other H^O to C-700 Bar, and three of the busier food distribution nine doors in Rytec’s product line, electrical terminations. Six avail¬ locations,” says Scott Blue, Vice is modular in construction with no able pressure ports are offered, President of Marketing and New welding required for installation. including G 1/4 B. Output of 0-5 Product Development. “With Pre-wiring and pre-hung panel or O-IOVDC, 4-20mA (2wire) or the amount of traffic some cold mounting hardware provides for mV/V is also selectable. storage doorways see, the door’s a quick and straight forward In addition to gage, absolute high-speed, at up to 8 feet per installation. and differential pressure range, The door can be operated in second, and bi-parting operation¬ the FP2000 pressure transducers a variety of different ways — floor providing almost immediate access include barometric pressure and induction loops, pull cords, to the full height of the door-help vacuum. The customer may opt for motion detectors, photo eyes buffered shunt cal for convenient product flow, and save valuable or hand-held radio transmitters. calibration, side-accessible zero time and energy.” Whatever activation the applica¬ and span pots, CE and Intrinsically Fast-Slide’s insulated panels tion calls for, it can be accommo¬ Safe approvals, and extended and full perimeter seal provide for dated by the Fast-Slide’s door thermal compensation. a very tight closure that virtually controller. Sensotec, Inc., Columbus, OH eliminates infiltration, greatly Rytec Corporation, Jackson, WI minimizing energy loss and No. 309 helping maintain frost-free oper¬ No. 308 ation. The panels feature a unique beveled leading edge with mag¬ USFilter Introduces the netic closures that provides for a PURELAB High- tight, positive seal. Quality, Economicai A powerful 1,800 CFM blower Bench-Top RO System with two 4,000 watt heaters, coupled with modular, galvanized United States Filter Corporation metal ducts, comprise a defrost introduces a bench-top .system that provides virtually fro.st- reverse osmosis (RO) laboratory water system - the PURELABpRO" free performance, 10 and 20. These systems deliver F'ast-Slide’s unique Slide-Trac™ Sensotec, Inc. the quality you expect w ith a system features linear bearings design that’s easy to use and that slide on a ground and polished Metric Pressure maintain at an affordable price. steel rod. The assembly provides Transmitters Providing 10 or 20 liters per for smooth, reliable operation. The ensotec announces an expan¬ hour of Type 111 quality water, system also allows the hardware to S sion of the FP20(){) Pressure PURELAB/>RO systems offer: pivot 10 degrees in either direc¬ Thin-film comf>osite RO Transmitter Series to include tion, minimizing damage in the membrane technology; Automatic Metric pressure ranges up to 700 event the panels are impacted and flush procedure; Convenient Bar. The unique FP2000 Delivery ensuring continuous contact with pretreatment packs; and user- System combines off-the-shelf, friendly control panel that registers the track. interchangeable subassemblies Two 24 inch by 24 inch product water quality, operational which are selected by the customer mtxle and pretreatment pack status. windows are standard. Also to create a customized pressure You can team the PURELAB standard is Rytec (x)rporation’s sensor. The unique FAST FAC¬ pRO system with a USFilter PURE¬ Digital Gateway" door controller TORYdelivery concept permits LAB Classic™ or PL^RELAB Plus™ with pre-programmed menu flexibility, yet all models are laboratory water system to create options for unsurpassed flexibility available with two-week delivery. a total pure water solution. and self-diagnostic capability, Customer-selectable param¬ USFilter, Lowell, MA displaying easy-to-read error eters include a choice of 0.1% or me.ssages for easy troubleshooting. 0.25% accuracy, ranges from 0-10" No. 310

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 709 lAMFES THANKS THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS FOR THEIR SUPPORT OF THE lAMFES FOUNDATION FUND

♦ Hamza Abu-Tarboush $100,000 ♦ Beth M. Johnson ♦ Ulf Ahlin ♦ John Johnson ♦ Moray Anderson ♦ Mary A. Kegel ♦ Robert Armstrong in 2000 ♦ Azadeh Khojasteh ♦ Henry V. Atherton ♦ Suzanne Kidder ♦ Jamal Bakhsh ♦ Anna M. Lammerding ♦ Bert Bartleson ♦ Chuck Lattuada ♦ Vicky Benesch ♦ Francis P. Leonardo ♦ Reginald W. Bennett ♦ Ivan Linjacki ♦ Karen Bewig ♦ Sharon Mammel ♦ Susana Binotti De Piaggio ♦ Bob Marshall ♦ Barbara Blakistone ♦ Armando Melendez ♦ Robert E. Brackett ♦ Shelagh McDonagh ♦ Robert W. Brooks ♦ Jun Nishibu ♦ John C. Bruhn ♦ Karl E. Olson ♦ Beth easier ♦ Chuck Papa Anthony T. Pavel ♦ Barbara Cassens ♦ Carole Peet ♦ John Cerveny ♦ ♦ Constantinos Piroccas ♦ Ming Chang Wu Mark Pratt ♦ Donna Christensen ♦ ♦ (Charles Price ♦ Susan Ciani Ely P. Ramos ♦ C. Dee Clingman ♦ Ruth Ann Rose-Morrow ♦ Dean O. Cliver ♦ Atsushi Sakata ♦ O. D. (Pete) Cook ♦ ♦ Robert L. Sanders ♦ Angela Cummings ♦ Jenny Scott ♦ Graciela L. DeAntoni ♦ Manan Sharma ♦ Dennis E. Decker ♦ Gar\' W. Sherlaw ♦ R. H. Deibel ♦ Lsao Shibasaki ♦ J. Desmedt ♦ Brian Shofran ♦ Carter Elbon ♦ Gaylord B. Smith ♦ Dan Erickson ♦ James Smith Albert Espinoza ♦ ♦ Joseph M. Smucker ♦ Rhonda L. Ezell ♦ Nikolaos D. Soultos Alfred R. Fain ♦ The following is a list ♦ (irace Steinke ♦ Wilbur Feagan of Sponsors of the ♦ Isaac G. Sterling ♦ Steven R. Ferreira Hiroshi Takahashi lAMFES 86th Annual Meeting ♦ ♦ John L. Frank ♦ Nobumasa Tanaka ♦ Scott J. Fritschel Foundation Fund Silent Auction: ♦ David W. Tharp ♦ Ruth G. Fuqua ♦ Carolinas Affiliate ♦ Donald W. Thayer ♦ Marsha Hahn (iolden ♦ California Affiliate ♦ Debbie Thompson Ken Tometsko ♦ Harry E. Grenawitzke ♦ Darden Restaurants Inc. ♦ ♦ Fred Weber ♦ Jack Guzewich ♦ Jim Dickson ♦ Diane West ♦ Paul A. Hall ♦ F.A.O., Rome, Italy ♦ Dennis Westhoff ♦ Harry Haverland ♦ Fot)d Quality Magazine ♦ Debra K. Williams ♦ Georgia Affiliate ♦ Amy Heiden ♦ Kathy Willis Alice Haverland ♦ Dave Henning ♦ ♦ Elaine W. Wismer ♦ Joe Hinricher ♦ Indiana Affiliate ♦ Earl O. Wright ♦ Archie Holliday ♦ Howard Hutchings ♦ Ming (]hang Wu ♦ William Huntley ♦ Lemon Creek Wineries ♦ Mizuo Yajima ♦ Kellie Jackson ♦ Metropolitan Affiliate ♦ Shigeki Yamamoto ♦ Gary P. Jansen ♦ Michigan Affiliate ♦ (ieorge K. York ♦ Dong K. Jeong ♦ Texas Affiliate ♦ Don Zink

The above list represents individual contributors to the lAMFES Foundation Fund during the period August 1, 1999 through September 16, 1999. In addition, a portion of the Sustaining Member dues are allocated to support this Fund. Your contribution is welcome. Call the lAMFES office at 800.369.6337 or 515.276.3344 for more information on how you can support the Foundation.

710 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 The International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians welcomes your nominations for our Association Awards. Nominate your colleagues for one of the Awards lAMFES listed below. Only lAMFES Members are eligible to be nominated (does not apply to the NFPA Food Safety Award). You do not have to be an lAMFES Awards Member to nominate a deserving professional. To request nomination criteria, contact; lAMFES Nominations 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863 By telephone: 800.369.6337; 515.276.3344 Fax: 515.276.8655 Web site: www.iamfes.org E-mail: [email protected].

Nominations deadline is February 18, 2000. You may make multiple nominations. All nominations must be received at the lAMFES office by February 18, 2000.

♦ Persons nominated for individual awards must be current lAMFES Members. Black Pearl Award nominees must be a company employing current lAMFES Members. NFPA Food Safety Award nominees do not have to be LAMFES Members. ♦ Previous aw ard winners are not eligible for the same award. ♦ Executive Board Members and Awards Committee Members are not eligible for nomination. ♦ Presentation of awards will be during the Awards Banquet at the lAMFES Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia on August 9, 2000.

Nominations will be accepted for the following Awards; Black Pearl Award — Award Showcasing the Black Pearl Presented in recognition of a company’s outstanding achievement in corporate excellence in food safety and quality. Sponsored hy Wilbur Feagan and F&H Food Equipment Company.

Honorary Life Membership Award — Plaque and Lifetime Membership in lAMFES Presented to Member(s) for their devotion to the high ideals and objectives of lAMFES and for their service to the Association.

Harry Haverland Citation Award — Plaque and $ 1,000 Honorarium Presented to an individual for years of devotion to the ideals and objectives of lAMFES. Sponsored by DiverseyLever/U.S. Food Group.

Harold Barnum Industry Award — Plaque and $ 1,000 Honorarium Presented to an individual for outstanding service to the public, lAMFES and the food industry. Sponsored by NASCO International Inc.

Educator Award — Plaque and $ 1,000 Honorarium Presented to an individual for outstanding service to the public, LAMFES and the arena of education in food safety and food protection. Sponsored by Nelson-Jameson, Inc.

Sanitarian Award — Plaque and $ 1,000 Honorarium Presented to an individual for outstanding service to the public, LAMFES and the profession of the Sanitarian. Sponsored by Ecolab, Inc., Eood and Beverage Division.

NFPA Food Safety Award — Plaque and $3,000 Honorarium Presented to an individual, group, or organization in recognition of a long history of outstanding contribution to food safety research and education. Sponsored by National Food Processors Association.

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 711 Call for Abstracts

lAMFES 87th Annual Meeting — August 6-9, 2000 Atlanta^ Georgia

General Information 2. Authors — List all authors using the following style: surname followed by a comma then the 1. Complete the Abstract Submission Form. first name. 2. All presenters must register for the Annual 3. Presenter Name & Title — List the full name Meeting and assume responsibility for their and title of the person who will present the own transportation, lodging, and registration paper. fees. 4. Presenter Address — List the name of the 3. There is no limit on the number of abstracts department, institution and full postal registrants may submit. However, the pre¬ address (including zip/postal code and senter must present their presentations. country). 4. Accepted abstracts will be published in the 5. Phone Number — List the phone number, Program and Abstract Book. Editorial changes including area code, country, and city of the presenter. will be made to accepted abstracts at the discretion of the Program Committee. 6. Fax Number — List the fax number, including area code, country, and city of the presenter. 5. Photocopies of the abstract form may be used. 7. E-mail — List the E-mail address for the 6. Membership in lAMFES is not required for presenter. presenting a paper at the lAMFES Annual 8. Format preferred — Check the box to indicate Meeting. oral or poster format. The Program Comm¬ ittee makes the final decision on the format Presentation Format of the abstract. 1. Technical — Oral presentations will be 9. Developing Scientist Awards Competitions — scheduled with a maximum of 15 minutes, Check the box to indicate if the paper is including a two to four minute discussion. to be presented by a student in this comp¬ Projectors for 35-mm slides will be available. etition. A signature and date is required from Other equipment may be used at the pre¬ the major professor or department head. See senter's expense. Prior authorization from "Call for Entrants in the Developing Scientist the lAMFES office must be obtained. Over¬ Awards Competitions." head projectors will not be allowed. 10. Abstract — The abstract may not exceed 250 words. Use the space provided or a separate 2. Poster — Freestanding boards will be pro¬ sheet of paper. vided for presenting posters. Handouts may be used, but audiovisual equipment will not be available. The presenter will be responsible Abstract Submission for bringing pins and velcro. Abstracts submitted for the lAMFES 87th Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia August 6-9, 2000 Instructions for Preparing Abstracts will be evaluated for acceptance by the Program Committee. Please be sure to follow format 1. Title — The title should be short but instructions above carefully; failure to do so may descriptive. The first letter in each word result in rejection. Information in the abstract data in the title and proper nouns should be must not have been previously published in a capitalized. copyrighted journal.

712 Doiry, Food ond Environmental Sonitolion - OCTOBER 1999 ‘ ^ t-' / 4l. A*- ^ '* ', ,

Submit your abstract to the lAMFES office. 5. Results should be summarized. Do not use Abstracts must be received no later than January 10, tables or graphs. 2000. Return the completed abstract form through one Rejection Reasons of the following methods: 1. Regular mail: Abstracts may be sent by post 1. Abstract was not prepared according to the or express courier^along with a disk copy "Instruction for Preparing Abstracts." (text or MS Word format) to the following 2. Abstract does not contain essential elements address: as described in "Selection Criteria." Abstract Submission lAMFES 3. Abstract reports inappropriate or unaccept¬ 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W able subject matter, is not based on accepted Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863 scientific practices, or the quality of the 2. E-mail: Subrnit via E-mail as an attached text research or scientific approach is inadequate. or MS Word document to abstracts@iamfes. 4. Work reported appears to be incomplete and/ org. or data are not presented. Indication that 3. On-line: Use the on-line abstract submission data will be presented is not acceptable. form located at www.iamfes.org available 5. The abstract was poorly written or prepared November 1999. including spelling and grammatical errors. Selection Criteria 6. Results have been presented/published 1. Abstracts must accurately and briefly previously. describe: 7. The abstract was received after the deadline (a) the problem studied and/or objectives; for submission. (b) methodology; (c) essential results; and 8. Abstract contains information that is in (d) conclusions and/or significant violation of the lAMFES Policy on implications. Commercialism. 2. Abstracts must report the results of original research pertinent to the subject matter. Projected Deadlines/Notification Papers should report the results of applied Abstract Submission Deadline: January 10, 2000. research on: food, dairy and environmental Acceptance/Rejection Notification: March 1, 2000. sanitation; foodborne pathogens; food and dairy microbiology; food and dairy engin¬ eering; food and dairy chemistry; food Contact Information additives and residues; food and dairy technology; food service and food admin¬ Questions regarding abstract submission can istration; quality assurance/control; mastitis; be directed to Bev Corron, 515.276.3344 or environmental health; waste management 800.369.6337; E-mail: [email protected]. and water quality. Papers may also report subject matter of an educational and or Program Chairperson: nontechnical nature. 3. Research must be based on accepted David Golden scientific practices. University of Tennessee 4. Research should not have been previously Dept, of Food Science and Technology presented nor intended for presentation at Knoxville, TN 37901-1071 another scientific meeting. Papers should not Phone: 423.974.7247 appear in print prior to the lAMFES .Annual Fax: 423.974.7332 Meeting. E-mail: [email protected]

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Enviranmenlal Sanilalian 713 I AM FES Abstract Form

DEADLINE: Must be Received by January 10, 2000

Follow instructions on pages 712-713

(1) Title of Paper....—--

(2) Authors-

(3) Full Name and Title of Presenter_

(4) Institution and Address of Presenter__—.

(5) Phone Number:_ (6) Fax Number:_ (7) E-mail:_

(8) Format preferred: O Oral O Poster D No Preference

NOTE: Selected presentations may be recorded (audio or visual). The Program Committee will make the final decision on presentation format.

(9) Developing Scientist Awards Competitions Yes Graduation date:--

Major Professor/Department Head approval (signature and date)-

(10) TYPE abstract, DOUBLE-SPACED, in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper using a 12 point font size. No more than 250 words.

714 Doiry, Food ond Environmentol Sonitotion - OCTOBER 1999 Call for Entrants in the Developing Scientist Awards Competitions Supported by the lAMFES Foundation

AMFES is pleased to announce the continuation of 7. All entrants with accepted abstracts will receive complimentary, one-year lAMFES Membership, its program to encourage and recognize the work which includes their choice of Dairy, Food of students and recent graduates in the field of food and Environmental Sanitation or Journal of Food safety research. Qualified individuals may enter either Protection. the oral or poster competition. 8. In addition to adhering to the instruction in the "Call for Abstracts," competition entrants must Purpose check the box to indicate if the paper is to be 1. To encourage students and recent graduates to present presented by a student in this competition. A their original research at the lAMFES Annual Meeting. signature and date is required from the major professor or department head. 2. To foster professionalism in students and recent graduates through contact with peers and professional Members of lAMFES. Judging Criteria 3. To encourage participation by students and recent A panel of judges will evaluate abstracts and present¬ graduates in lAMFES and the Annual Meeting. ations. Selection of up to ten finalists for each competition will be based on evaluations of the abstracts and the scient¬ ific quality of the work. All entrants will be advised of the Presentation Format results by June 1, 2000. Oral Competition — The Developing Scientist Oral Only competition finalists will be judged at the Annual Meeting and will be eligible for the awards. All other Awards Competition is open to graduate students entrants with accepted abstracts will be expected to be enrolled or recent graduates from M.S. or Ph.D. pro¬ present as part of the regular Annual Meeting. The pre¬ grams or undergraduate students at accredited universities sentations will not be judged and they will not be eligible or colleges. Presentations are limited to 15 minutes, which for the awards. includes two to four minutes for discussion. Poster Competition — The Developing Scientist Judging criteria will be based on the following: Poster Awards Competition is open to students enrolled 1. Abstract - clarity, comprehensiveness and concise¬ or recent graduates from undergraduate or graduate ness. programs at accredited universities or colleges. The pre¬ 2. Scientific Quality - Ade quacy of experimental senter must be present to answer questions for a specified design (methodology, replication, controls), extent time (approximately two hours) during the assigned to which objectives were met, difficulty and session. Specific requirements for presentations will be thoroughness of research, validity of conclusions provided at a later date. based upon data, technical merit and contribution to science. General Information 3. Presentation - Organization (clarity of introduct¬ 1. Competition entrants cannot have graduated more ion, objectives, methods, results and conclusions), than a year prior to the deadline for submitting quality of visuals, quality and poise of present¬ abstracts. ation, answering questions, and knowledge of subject. 2. Accredited universities or colleges must deal with environmental, food or dairy sanitation, protection or Finalists safety research. Awards will be presented at the lAMFES .Annual Meeting 3. The work must represent original research completed Awards Banquet to the top three presenters (first, second and presented by the entrant. and third places) in both the oral and poster competitions. 4. Entrants may enter only one paper in either the oral or All finalists will receive a complimentary Awards Banquet poster competition. ticket and are expected to be present at the banquet where the awards winners will be announced and recognized. 5. All entrants must register for the Annual Meeting and assume responsibility for their own transportation, Awards lodging, and registration fees. First Place - $500 and an engraved plaque 6. Acceptance of your abstract for presentation is Second Place - $300 and a framed certificate independent of acceptance as a competition Third Place - $100 and a framed certificate finalist. Competition entrants who are chosen Award winners will also receive a complimentary, as finalists will be notified of their status by the one-year lAMFES Membership including Dairy, Food chairperson by June 1, 2000. and Environmental Sanitation and Journal of Food Protection.

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion 715 lAMFES Policy on Commercialism

1. INTRODUCTION incomplete, not collected, etc.) and, if it will become available, when. The explanation for unavailable data No printed media, technical sessions, symposia, will be considered by the Program Committee posters, seminars, short courses, and/or all related chairperson and/or technical reviewers selected by type forums and discussions offered under the the Program Committee chairperson in order to auspices of lAMFES (hereafter referred to as lAMFES ascertain if the presentation is acceptable without the forums) are to be used as platforms for commercial data. Serious consideration should be given to with¬ sales or presentations by authors and/or presenters holding submissions and presentations until the data (hereafter referred to as authors) without the ex¬ are available as only those conclusions that might be pressed permission of the lAMFES staff or Executive reasonably drawn from the data may be presented. Board. lAMFES enforces this policy in order to restrict Claims of benefit and/or technical conclusions not commercialism in technical manuscripts, graphics, supported by the presented data are prohibited. oral presentations, poster presentations, panel 2.3 Trade Names discussions, symposia papers, and all other type submissions and presentations (hereafter referred Excessive use of brand names, product names, to as submissions and presentations), so that trade names, and/or trademarks is forbidden. A general guideline is to use proprietary names once scientific merit is not diluted by proprietary secrecy. and thereafter to use generic descriptors or neutral Excessive use of brand names, product names or designations. Where this would make the submission logos, failure to substantiate performance claims, or presentation significantly more difficult to under¬ and failure to objectively discuss alternative stand, the Program Committee chairperson, technical methods, processes, and equipment are indicators reviewers selected by the Program Committee chair¬ of sales pitches. Restricting commercialism benefits person, session convenor, and/or lAMFES staff will both the authors and recipients of submissions and judge whether the use of trade names, etc., is neces¬ presentations. sary and acceptable. This policy has been written to serve as the basis for identifying commercialism in submissions and 2.4 ^'Industry Practice" Statements presentations prepared for lAMFES forums. It may be useful to report the extent of applica¬ tion of technologies, products, or services, however, 2. TECHNICAL CONTENT OF SUBMISSIONS such statements should review the extent of applica¬ AND PRESENTATIONS tion of all generically similar technologies, products, 2.1 Original Work or services in the field. Specific commercial installa¬ tions may be cited to the extent that their data are The presentation of new technical information is discussed in the submission or presentation. to be encouraged. In addition to the commercialism evaluation, all submissions and presentations will be 2.5 Ranking individually evaluated by the Program Committee Although general comparisons of products and chairperson, technical reviewers selected by the services are prohibited, specific generic comparisons Program Committee chairperson, session convenor, that are substantiated by the reported data are and/or lAMFES staff on the basis of originality before allowed. inclusion in the program.

2.6 Proprietary Information (See also 2.2.) 2.2 Substantiating Data Some information about products or services may Submissions and presentations should present be proprietary to the author's agency or company, technical conclusions derived from technical data. If or to the user and may not be publishable. However, products or services are described, all reported capabili¬ their scientific principles and validation of perfor¬ ties, features or benefits, and performance parameters mance parameters must be described. Conclusions must be substantiated by data or by an acceptable and/or comparisons may only be made on the basis explanation as to why the data are unavailable (e.g.. of reported data.

716 Dairy, Food ood Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 2.7 Capabilities 4.2 Assessment Process Discussion of corporate capabilities or exper¬ Reviewers of submissions and presentations will iences are prohibited unless they pertain to the accept only those that comply with this policy. Drafts specific presented data. of submissions and presentations will be reviewed for commercialism concurrently by both lAMFES 3. GRAPHICS staff and technical reviewers selected by the Program Committee chairperson. All reviewer comments shall 3.1 Purpose be sent to and coordinated by either the Program Slides, photographs, videos, illustrations, art Committee chairperson or the designated lAMFES work, and any other type visual aids appearing with staff. If any submissions are found to violate this policy, authors will be informed and invited to the printed text in submissions or used in presenta¬ tions (hereafter referred to as graphics) should be resubmit their materials in revised form before the included only to clarify technical points. Graphics designated deadline. which primarily promote a product or service will 4.3 Author Awareness not be allowed. (See also 4.6.) In addition to receiving a printed copy of this 3.2 Source policy, all authors presenting in an lAMFES forum Graphics should relate specifically to the techni¬ will be reminded of this policy by the Program Committee chairperson, their session convenor, or cal presentation. General graphics regularly shown in, the lAMEES staff, whichever is appropriate. or intended for, sales presentations cannot be used.

3.3 Company Identification 4.4 Monitoring Session convenors are responsible for ensuring Names or logos of agencies or companies supply¬ that presentations comply with this policy. If it is ing the goods or services must not appear on the determined by the session convenor that a violation graphics, except on the first slide of the presentation. or violations have occurred or are occurring, he or Slides showing products may not include predomi¬ she will publically request that the author immedi¬ nant nameplates. Graphics with commercial names ately discontinue any and all presentations (oral, or logos added as background borders or corners are visual, audio, etc.), and will notify the Program specifically forbidden. Committee chairperson and lAMFES staff of the action taken. 3.4 Copies 4.5 Enforcement Graphics that are not included in the preprint may be shown during the presentation only if they While both technical reviewers, session con¬ have been reviewed in advance by the Program venors, and/or lAMFES staff may check submis¬ Committee chairperson, session convenor, and/or sions and presentations for commercialism, lAMFES staff, and have been determined to comply ultimately it is the responsibility of the Program with this policy. Copies of these additional graphics Committee chairperson to enforce this policy must be available from the author on request by through the session convenors and lAMFES staff. individual attendees. It is the responsibility of the 4.6 Penalties session convenor to verify that all graphics to be shown have been cleared by Program Committee If the author of a submission or presentation chairperson, session convenor, lAMFES staff, or other violates this policy, the Program Committee chairper¬ reviewers designated by the Program Committee son will notify the author and the author's agency or chairperson. company of the violation in writing. If an additional violation or violations occur after a written warning has been issued to an author and his agency or 4. INTERPRETATION AND ENFORCEMENT company, lAMFES reserves the right to ban the author 4.1 Distribution and the author's agency or company from making This policy will be sent to all authors of submis¬ presentations in lAMFES forums for a period of up sions and presentations in lAMFES forums. to two (2) years following the violation or violations.

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitatian 717 BusinessExchange

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718 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitolion - OCTOBER 1999 Thoughts on Today's Food Safety Continued from page 728 keeping. Of particular interest will be whether Nitrogen EPA is in the process of revising ELGs for dairy feed- or Phosphorus application rates will be used to limit land lots. The current feedlot regulations require the largest application. Phosphorus-based rates would require more CAFOs (1,000 animal units or larger) to meet a “no dis¬ land for the application of the same amount of manure. charge” requirement except when severe storm events cause an overflow from facilities designed to contain CNMPs for all CAFOs wastewater plus the runoff from a 25-year, 24-hour storm As outlined in the AFO strategy, all CAFOs will be event. required to develop and implement Comprehensive Nu¬ A proposed rule will be issued by December 2000 trient Management Plans as a permit requirement. and final action will be taken by December 2002. The proposed rule will be issued for a public comment period before the final rule is published. The proposed ELG AFO/CAFO definition revisions can be expected to add some kind of controls The criteria that determine what makes an AFO a on land application of manure. A requirement for land CAFO will be studied as permits are revised. It is pos¬ application not to exceed crop nutrient needs is likely. sible that fewer animal units could make an AFO a CAFO if the regulators determine this to be appropriate. SUMMARY Any changes to the NPDES permit regulations will have to be published in the Federal Register for public The vast majority of producers recognize their comment before becoming final. responsibility for environmental stewardship and will do what they can to comply with reasonable regulations. Regulators must realize that strict rules designed to EFFLUENT LIMITATION GUIDELINES combat “corporate farms” may end up encouraging Effluent Limitation Guidelines (ELGs) are national concentration of the industry, as producers must spread regulations that establish the minimum level of pollution the cost of environmental investments over more animals control that must be included in all CAFO NPDES per¬ in production. mits. Although the guidelines are developed based upon The trend toward fewer and larger farms is going to particular technologies, dischargers may meet their re¬ continue. As cow numbers increase, we need to assess quirements using any combination of treatments they the environmental issue of how to handle manure choose. produced in excess of the nutrient needs of our land.

The Editors are seeking articles of general Interest and applied research with an emphasis on food safety for publication In Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation.

Submit your articles to: Donna Bahun Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation c/o lAMFES, Inc. 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863 Please submit three copies of manuscripts along with a fourth copy on 3 1 /2" computer disk.

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 719 3-A Announces Sanitary Standards Amendments

Amendments

1. Amendments to 3-A Sanitary Standards for Multiple-use Rubber and Rubber-like Materials Used as Product Contact Surfaces for Dairy Equipment, Number 18-03. Effective August 21, 1999. 2. Amendments to 3-A Sanitary Standards for Batch and Continuous Freezers for Ice Cream, Ices and Similarly Frozen Dairy Foods, Number 19-05. Effective November 21, 1999.

3. Amendments to 3-A Sanitary Standards for Multiple-use Plastic Materials Used as Product Contact Surfaces for Dairy' Equipment, Number 20-20. Effective August 21, 1999. 4. Amendments to 3-A Sanitary Standards for Crossflow Membranes, Number 45-01. Effective November 21, 1999.

These amended 3-A standards and practices will be available from ItVMFES in November 1999.

For additional information, contact lAMFFS at 515.276.3344; 800.369.6337; Fax: 515.276.8655; E-mail: [email protected].

720 Dairy, food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 ComingEvents

NOVEMBER University of California-Davis, Davis, Florida Leadership Training Center, CA. Sponsored by the Food Proces¬ Haines City, FL. For further informa¬ • 1-3, Pasteurizer Operators sors Institute, in cooperation with tion, contact Bill Thornhill at Workshop, endorsed by Interna¬ University Extension, University of 941.298.7748; Fax: 941.297.3091. tional Dairy Foods Association at the California-Davis. For more infor¬ • 18, Advanced Auditing of Nittany Lion and Borland Laboratory, mation, call 530.757.8899 or E-mail: your Food Service Supplier, University Park, PA. The program [email protected]. Guelph, Ontario, Canada. This is a includes hands-on activities, discus¬ •11-12, ASQ Certified Qual¬ one-day session to fine-tune your au¬ sions and lectures on regulations, ity Auditor Program, Guelph Fotxl diting skills. You will take away prac¬ cleaning and sanitation, pasteurization, Technology Centre, Guelph, Ont¬ tical information and skills to milk flavor, and other operational ario, Canada. Hands-on, Case-based, become a better auditor. For more procedures in milk plants. For more Samples of Auditing Programs, and information, contact Marlene Inglis, information. Phone: 814.865.8301; Overview of International HACCP Guelph Food Technology Centre, Fax: 814.865.7050; Web site: w ww. Alliance Audit Standards. For addi¬ 88 McGilvray St., Guelph, Ontario cas.psu.edu. tional information, contact Guelph NIG 2W1 or Phone 519.821.1246; •3-5, The Dairy Practices Food Technology Centre, 88 Fax: 519.836.1281; E-mail: gftc@ Council* Annual Conference, McGilvray St., Guelph, Ontario, NIG uoguelph.ca. Radisson Lackawanna Station Hotel, 2W1 Canada; Phone: 519.821.1246; •21-23, International Con¬ Scranton, PA. Participants have the Fax: 519.836.1281; E-mail: gftc@ ference on Processed Food for opportunity to exchange information uoguelph.ca. 21st Century, jadavpur University, with dairy personnel from industry, •11-12, HACCP Verification Calcutta India. For additional infor¬ regulatory agencies and academia all and Validation: An Advanced mation, please contact Dr. Pratap at one gathering. For more informa¬ Workshop, University of California- Chakraborty, Head of the Depart¬ tion, contact The Dairy Practices Davis, Davis, CA. Sponsored by the ment and Convener, Jadavpur Uni¬ Council*, 51 E. Front St., Suite 2, Food Processors Institute, in coop¬ versity, Dept. Food Technol. Keyport, NJ 07735; Phone/Fax: eration with University Extension, Biochem. Eng., Calcutta 700032; 732.203.1947; E-mail: dairypc® University of California-Davis. For Fax: 91 33 472 5822 or 473 4266; dairypc.org. more information, call 530.757. E-mail: [email protected]. • 4-5, Statistical Process Con¬ 8899 or E-mail: aginfo@unexmaiL •22-23, Preservation Tech¬ trol in the Food Industry, fluelph, ucdavis.edu. nologies for Food, Feed and Ontario, C.anada. For additional in¬ • 16-17, Food Plant Sanita¬ Fibre, Holiday Inn South, Winnipeg, formation, contact Marlene Inglis, tion Workshop, Guelph Food Tech¬ Manitoba, Canada. The purpose of Guelph Food Technology Centre, 88 nology Centre, Guelph, Ontario, this seminar is to demonstrate eco¬ McGilvray St., Guelph, Ontario, Canada. This workshop focuses on nomic and process benefits of pres¬ NIG 2W1 Canada; Phone: 519.821. the essential elements of today’s ervation technologies in the areas of 1246; Fax: 519-836.1281; E-mail: rigid requirements for food safety drying, infrared, microwave and [email protected]. and sanitation programs. For more freezing. Using technology profiles, • 8-9, The International Fresh- information, contact AIB, 1213 case study examples, and pilot plant cut Produce Association (IFPA) Bakers Way, P.O. Box 3999, Manhat¬ demonstrations of actual systems, Hosts 7th A nnual Technical Semi¬ tan, KS 66505-3999; Phone: "’85. participants will gain practical nar, Holiday Inn Old Town Select in 537.4750; Fax: ‘^85.537.1493. knowledge of the application of Alexandria, VA. Tliis event will focus •17-18, Alabama Assn, of these key technologies. For more on “Global Food Safety Issues,” and Milk, Food and Environmental information, contact the Food De¬ their impact on the fresh-cut Sanitarians Annual Meeting, velopment Centre at 800.S^O. 1044 produce sector. For more informa¬ Holiday Inn, Birmingham, AL. For or 204.239.3150; Fax: 204.239. tion, contact Justina Brewer at 703. additional information, contact 3180; E-mail: [email protected]. 299.6282. Thomas A. McCaskey at 334.844. • 29-30, HACCP I: Document¬ •8-10, HACCP: A Basic Con¬ 1518. ing Your HACCP Prerequisite cept for Food Protection, Learn¬ • 17-19, FAMFES - Florida Program, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. ing the Seven HACCP Principles Food Safety 2000 - Promoting For more information, contact and Developing a HACCP Plan, Safe Food in Florida, held at the Marlene Inglis, Guelph Food Tech-

OCTOBER 1999 - Daity, Food and Environmental Sanitation 721 ComingEvenls, continued

nology Centre, 88 McGilvray St., on microbiological control in manu¬ products. For more information, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1 or Phone facturing, laboratory auditing and contact Bob Bradley at 608.263.2007. 519.821.1246; Fax: 519.836.1281; sterilization that is applicable to the • 19-21, International Poultry E-mail: [email protected]. I medical device, biotechnology and Exposition, Atlanta, GA. For more • 30, Dec. 2, Partners in Envi- ! pharmaceutical industries. It will also j information, contact The Interna¬ ronmental Technology Techni¬ cover ISO, EP, BP, USP, AAMI and | tional Poultry Exposition, US Poul¬ cal Symposium and Workshop, , FDA documents and guidelines. For i try & Egg Association, 1530Cooledge Hyatt Regency Crystal City, Arling- j additional information, contact The i Road, Tucker, GA 30084-7303; ton, VA. Sponsored by the Strategic j Center for Professional Advance- I Phone: 770.4939401; Fax: 770.493. Environmental Research and Devel- i ment, P.O. Box 1052, East Bruns- | 9257. opment Program (SERDP) and the j wick, NJ 08816-1052; Phone: j Environmental Security Technology 732.613.4500; Fax: 732.238.9113. Certification Program (ESTCP). For MARCH additional information, call 703.736. j JANUARY •15, Dairy HACCP Work¬ 4548. ! •3-6, Milk Pasteurization shop Madison, WI. This one-day and Control School, Madison, WI. workshop will cover design and DECEMBER This 4-day short course provides implementation of HACCP plans in •1-3, Microbiological Control j in-depth training for those dairy dairy plants. For additional infor¬ and Validation, Boca Raton, FL. j industry personnel involved with mation, contact Marianne Smukow- This course will present information i thermal processing of milk and milk i ski at 608.265.6346.

Reader Service Card DFES October ‘99 Expires: January 31,2000 (International expiration: April 30,20{X))

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC. 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W • Des Moines, iA 50322-2863 Mail or Fax to 515.276.8655

kH 0) X) ► too 115 130 145 161 175 190 205 220 235 250 265 280 295 310 325 340 E "S 101 116 131 146 162 176 191 206 221 236 251 266 281 296 311 326 341 cS 102 117 132 147 163 177 192 207 222 237 252 267 297 312 327 6 (J 282 342 c 1/3 103 118 133 148 164 178 193 208 223 238 253 268 283 298 313 328 343 o S 104 119 134 149 165 179 194 209 224 239 254 269 284 299 314 329 .344 c o c 105 120 135 150 166 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 o 106 121 136 151 167 181 196 211 226 241 256 271 286 301 316 331 346 8 107 122 137 152 168 182 197 212 227 242 257 272 287 .302 317 332 347 108 123 138 153 169 183 198 228 258 288 348 ,o 213 243 273 303 318 333 4-1 c 109 124 139 154 170 184 199 214 229 244 259 274 289 304 319 334 349 'o 110 125 140 155 171 185 200 215 230 245 260 275 290 305 320 335 350 o III 126 141 156 172 186 201 216 231 246 261 276 291 306 321 336 PU U 112 127 142 157 172 187 202 217 232 247 262 277 292 307 322 337 113 128 143 158 173 188 203 218 233 248 263 278 293 308 323 338 114 129 144 160 174 189 204 219 234 249 264 279 294 309 324 339

722 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc. 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344; Fax: 515.276.8655 E-mail: [email protected]; Web site: www.iamfes.org

The use of the lAMFES Audiovisual Library is a benefit for IAMFES Members. Please limit your requests to five videos. Material from the Audiovisual Library can be checked out for 2 weeks only so that all Members can benefit from its use. (SHIPTO: Please print or type.)

DAIRY 71 E3180 The New Superfund: What It is 71 F2165 HACCP and Its Application to the Food a D1170 3-A Symbol Council & How It Works—(2) Changes in Industry □ D1180 10 Points to Dairy Quality the Removal Process: Removal 71 F2180 HACCP: Safe Food Handling & Additional Program Requirements D DIOIO The Bulk Milk Hauler: Protocol Techniques 71 E3190 The New Superfund: What It is & Procedures 71 F2170 The Heart of HACCP & How It Works - (3) Enforcement O D1020 Causes of Milkfat Test Variations and Federal Facilities 71 F217S Inspecting For Food Safety - & Depressions 71 E3210 The New Supcrfiind: What It is Kentucky's Food Code a D1030 Cold Hard Facts & How It Works - (4) Emergenc-y 71 F2190 Is What You Order What You Get? Cf D1040 Ether Extraction Method for Preparedness & Community Seafood Integrity Determination of Raw Milk Right-to-Know □ F2210 Northern Delight - From Canada □ DIOSO The Farm Bulk Milk Hauler 71 E3220 The New Superfund: What It is to the World Cf D1060 Frozen Dairy Products & How It Works — (5) Underground 3 F2240 On the Front line D D1070 The Gerber Butterfat Test Storage Tank Trust Fund & Response 71 F2250 On the Line n DI080 High-Temperature, Short-Time Program 3 F2270 Pest Control in Seafood Processing 71 E3230 The New Superfund: What It is Pasteurizer Plants & How It Works - (6) Research □ DllOO Mastitis Prevention and Control 3 F2280 Principles of Warehouse Sanitation & Development/Closing Remarks a D1110 Milk Plant Sanitation: Chemical Solution 71 F2290 Product Safety & Shelf Life 71 E3240 Sink a Germ CJ D1120 Milk Processing Plant Inspection 71 F2220 Proper Handling of Peracidic Acid 71 E3245 Wash Your Hands Procedures 3 F2230E Purely Coincidental - English O E3250 Waste Not: Reducing Flazardous Waste n D1130 Pasteurizer - Design and Regulation 71 F2310 Safe Food: You Can Make a Difference 71 D1140 Pasteurizer - Operation FOOD 71 F2320 Safe Handwashing 71 DllSO Processing Fluid Milk □ F2260 100 Degrees of Doom. ..The Time 3 F2330 Sanitation for Seafood Processing & Temperature Caper Personnel ENVIRONMENTAL 71 F2440 Cleaning & Sanitizing in Vegetable 71 F2340 Sanitizing for Safety 71 E3010 The ABCs of Clean - A Handwashing Processing Plants: Do It Well, 71 F2350 SERVSAFE* Serving Safe Food & Cleanliness Program for Early Do It Safely! (4 Videos) Childhood Programs □ F2010 Close Encounters of the Bird Kind 71 F2360 SERVSAFE* Serving Safe Food Second □ F2030 “Eggs Games" Foodservice Egg 7) E3020 Acceptable Risks? Edition (6 Videos) 71 E3030 Air Pollution: Indoor Handling and Safety 71 F2430 Smart Sanitation: Principles & Practices 71 E3040 Asbestos Awareness □ F2020 Egg Handling & Safety for Effectively Cleaning Your Food 71 E30SS Effective Handwashing-Preventing O F2040 Food Irradiation Plant Cross-Contamination in the Fotxl 71 F2050 Food Safe - Food Smart - HACCP & Its Application to the Food Industry 71 F2370 Supermarket Sanitation Program - Service Industry (Part 1&2) "Cleaning & Sanitizing" n E3060 EPA Test Methods for Freshwater n F2060 Food Safe - Series I (4 Videos) 71 F2380 Supermarket Sanitation Program - Effluent Toxicity Tests (Using 71 F2070 Food Safe - Series II (4 Videos) Ceriodaphnia) “Food Safety" 71 F2080 Food Safe - Series III (4 Videos) 71 E3070 EPA Test Methods for Freshwater 3 F2390 Take Aim at Sanitation 71 F2090 Food Safety: An Educational Video Effluent Toxicity Tests (Using Fathead 71 F2410 Wide World of Food-Service Brushes for Institutional Food-Service Workers Minnow Larva) 71 F2420 Your Health in Our Hands - 71 F2120 Food Safety: For Goodness Sake, 71 E3080 Fit to Drink Our Health in Yours Keep Food Safe 71 E3110 Garbage: The Movie 71 F2110 Food Safety is No Mystery □ E3120 Global Warming: Hot Times Ahead 71 F2130 Food Safety: You Make the Difference OTHER 71 E3130 Kentucky Public Swimming Pool 71 F2133 Get with a Safe Food Attitude 71 M4010 Diet, Nutrition & Cancer & Bathing Facilities 71 F2140 GMP Basics: Employee Hygiene 3 M4020 Eating Defensively: Food Safety Advice 7) E3135 Plastic Recycling Today: A Growing Practices for Persons with AIDS Resource O P2143 GMP Basics: Guidelines 3 M4030 Ice: The Forgotten Food 71 E3140 Putting Aside Pesticides for Maintenance Personnel 71 M4040 Legal .Aspects of the Tampering Case 71 E3150 Radon n F2148 GMP - GSP Employee 71 M4050 Personal Hygiene & Saniution n E31(i0 RCRA - Hazardous Waste 71 E21 SO GMP: Personal Hygiene and Practices for Food Processing Employees 71 E3170 The New Superfund: What It is in Food ManuEicturing & How It Works-(l) Changes in the 71 F2147 GMP Basics: Process Control Practices 71 M4060 Psychiatric Aspects of Product Remedial Process: Clean-up Standards 71 F2160 GMP: Sources & Control of Tampering & State Involvement Requirements Contamination during Pnx:es.sing 71 M40’0 Tampering: The Issue Examined

OCTOBER 1999 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 723 lAMFES Offers "Guidelines for the Dairy Industry" from The Dairy Practices Council®

This newly expanded Four-volume set consists of 66 guidelines.

Planning Dairy Freestall Barns .16 Dairy Farm Inspection Effective Installation. Cleaning, and Sanitizing of Milking Systems 37 Planning Dairy Stall Barns Selected Personnel in Milk Sanitation 38 Preventing Off-Flavors in Milk Installation. Cleaning, & Sanitizing of Large Parlor Milking Systems 39 Grade A Fluid Milk Plant Inspection Directory of Dairy Farm Building & Milking System Resource People 40 Controlling Fluid Milk Volume and Fat Losses Natural Ventilation for Dairy Tie Stall Barns 41 Milkrooms and Bulk Tank Installations Sampling Fluid Milk 42 Stray Voltage cm Dairy Farms Good Manufacturing Practices for Dairy Processing Plants 43 Farm Tank Calibrating and Checking Fundamentals of Cleaning & Sanitizing Farm Milk Handling Equipment 45 Gravity Flow Gutters for Manure Removal in Milking Barns Maintaining & Testing Fluid Milk Shelf-Life 46 Dairy Odor Control Sediment Testing & Producing Clean Milk 48 Cooling Milk on the Farm Tunnel Ventilation for Dairy Tie Stall Barns 49 Postmilking Teat Dips Environmental Air Control and Quality for Dairy Food Plants 50 Farm Bulk Milk Collection Procedures Clean Room Technology 51 Controlling the Accuracy of Electronic Testing Instruments for Milk Milking Center Wastewater Components Handling Dairy Products from Processing to Consumption 52 Emergency Action Plan for Outbreak of Milk-borne Illness in the Northeast Causes of Added Water in Milk 53 Vitamin Fortification of Fluid Milk Products Fieldperson’s Guide to Troubleshooting High Somatic Cell Counts 54 Selection & Construction of Herringbone Milking Parlors Raw Milk Quality Tests 55 Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System - HACCP For The Dairy Industry Control of Antibacterial Drugs & Growth Inhibitors in Milk and Milk 56 Dairy Product Safety (Pathogenic Bacteria) for Fluid Milk and Frozen Dessert Products Plants Preventing Rancid Flavors in Milk 57 Dairy Plant Sanitation Troubleshooting High Bacteria Counts of Raw Milk 58 Sizing Dairy Farm Water Heater Systems Cleaning & Sanitation Responsibilities for Bulk Pickup & Transport 59 Production and Regulation of Quality Dairy Goat Milk Tankers 60 Trouble Shooting Microbial Defects: Product Line Sampling & Hygiene Dairy Manure Management From Barn to Storage Monitoring Troubleshooting Residual Films on Dairy Farm Milk Handling 61 Frozen Dessert Processing Equipment 62 Resources For Dairy Equipment Construction Evaluation ' Cleaning & Sanitizing in Fluid Milk Processing Plants 63 Controlling The Quality And Use Of Dairy Product Rework I Potable Water on Dairy Farms 64 Control Points for Good Management Practices on Dairy Farms Composition & Nutritive Value of Dairy Products 65 Installing & Operating Milk Precoolers Properly on Dairy Farms : Fat Test Variations in Raw Milk 66 Planning A Dairy Complex - “KX)-*- Questions To Ask” Brucellosis & Some Other Milkborne Diseases 69 Abnormal Milk - Risk Reduction and HACCP Butterfat Determinations of Various Dairy Products 72 Farmers Guide To Somatic Cell Counts In Goats Dairy Plant Waste Management 80 Food Allergen Awareness In Dairy Plant Operations

lAMFES has agreed with The Dairy Practices Council to If purchased individually, the entire set would cost $289. We are offering the .set, packaged distribute their guidelines. DPC is a non-profit organization in four looseleaf binders for $205.00. of education, industry and regulatory personnel concerned Information on how to receive new and updated guidelines will be included with your with milk quality and sanitation throughout the United States. order. In addition, its membership roster lists individuals and To purchase this important source of information, complete the order form below and mail organizations throughout the world. to lAMFES, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, lA 50322-2863; or Phone For the past 30 year. DPC's primary mission has been the ..?.!.5;.2.7y.344;.8p0.369.6337;^F^^^^ . development and distribution of educational guidelines Please enclose $205 plus $12 shipping and handling (outside U.S., $25 for shipping and directed to proper and improved sanitation practices in the handling) for each set of guidelines. Payment in U.S. $ drawn on a U.S. bank or by production, processing, and distribution of high quality milk credit card. and milk products. The DPC Guidelines are written by professionals who comprise six permanent task forces. Prior to distribution, every guideline is submitted for approval to the state regulatory agencies in each member state. Should any official have an exception to a section of a proposed guide¬ line, that exception is noted in the final document. The guidelines are renown for their common sense and useful approach to proper and improved sanitation practices. We think they will be a valuable addition to your profession¬ al reference library.

724 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc. 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344; Fax: 515.276.8655 E-mail: [email protected]; Web site: www.iamfes.org

SHIP TO: (Please print or type. All areas must be completed in order to process.)

First Name M.l. Last Name Job Title _ Company Mailing Address_ (Please specify: "i Home 1 Work) City__ State or Province Postal Code/Zip + 4_ Country Telephone #_ Fax # E-mail. lAMIFES BOOKLETS Member or Non-Member Quantity Description Gov't. Price Price TOTAL

Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness—2nd Edition $10.00 $20.00 Procedures to Investigate Foodborne Illness—5th Edition 10.00 20.00 Procedures to Investigate Arthropod-borne and Rodent-borne Illness 6.00 12.00

SHIPPING AND HANDLING - $2.00 (US) $4.00 (Outside US) Multiple copies available Shipping/Handling Each additional booklet $1.00 at reduced prices. Booklets Total Phone our office for pricing information on quantities of 25 or more. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Member or Non-Member Quantity Description Gov't. Price Price TOTAL

Pocket Guide to Dairy Sanitation (minimum order of 10) $ .50 S .75 Before Disaster Strikes... A Guide to Food Safety in the Home (minimum order of 10) .50 .75 'Developing HACCP Plans - A Five-Part Series (as published in DFESj 15.00 15.00 'Surveillance of Foodborne Disease - A Four-Part Series (as published in JFPi 18.75 18.75 'Annual Meetino Abstract Book SuDolement (vear reauested 1 25.00 25.00

SHIPPING AND HANDLING - Guide Booklets - per 10 $2.50 (US) $3.50 (Outside US) Shipping/Handling 'Includes shipping and handling Other Publications Total

3-A SANITARY STANDARDS Member or Non-Member Quantity Description Gov't. Price Price TOTAL

Complete Set 3-A Dairy & Egg Standards $125.00 $250.00 Five-year Update Service on 3-A Dairy & Egg Standards (new and revised standards only) 165.00 330.00

SNIPPING AND HANDLING - Each set $6.25 (US) $10.25 (Outside US) Shipping/Handling

3-A Sanitary Standards Total

Payment Must be Enclosed for Order to be Processed TOTAL ORDER AMOUNT it US Funds on US Bank ★

□ CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ENCLOSED □ □ rr 3 EASY WAYS TO ORDER: Phone: 515.276.3344; 800.369.6337 Fax: 515.276.8655 Exp. Date _ or Mail your order to the lAMFES address listed above. SIGNATURE.

Prices effective through August 31,2000

OCTOBER 1999 - Ooiry, Food and [nvironmentol Sanitation 725 Invite A Colleague to Join

The International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, founded in 1911, is a non-profit educational association of food safety professionals with a mission "to provide food safety professionals worldwide with a forum to exchange information on protecting the food supply."

¥ Who Should Join?

The Association is comprised of a diverse membership of 2,900 people from 50 nations. lAMFES Members belong to all facets of the food protection arena including: Industry, Government and Academia.

^ Why Should They Become lAMFES Members?

Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation — A reviewed monthly publication that provides practical and applied research articles and association news, updates, and other related information for food safety professionals. All lAMFES Members receive this publication as part of their Membership. Journal of Food Protection — An international, refereed scientific journal of research and review papers on topics in food science and food aspects of animal and plant sciences. This journal is available to all individuals who request it with their Mem¬ bership. The lAMFES Audiovisual Library — Provides quality training videos dealing with various food safety issues. lAMFES Members are allowed free use of these videos. The lAMFES Annual Meeting — Is a unique educational event; three days of technical sessions, symposia and exhibits provide attendees with over 250 presentations on current topics in food protection. lAMFES Members receive a substantially reduced registration fee.

^ Help Others Find Out About lAMFES... To learn more about lAMFES and the many other benefits and opportunities available to a Member, visit our Web site: www.iamfes.org or please call 515.276.3344 or 800.369.6337; Fax: 515.276.8655; E-mail: [email protected]. We will be happy to send new Member information if you provide us the necessary mailing information.

726 Daily, Food and Environmental Sanitation - OCTOBER 1999 MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc. 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA Phone; 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344; Fax; 515.276.8655 E-mail; [email protected]; Web site; www.iamfes.org

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□ Membership with JFP & DF£S <4 $140.00 $165.00 $210.00 ^ VALUE (12 issues of the Journal of Food Protection and Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation)

□ Membership with DFES $85.00 $95.00 $110.00 (12 issues of Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation)

□ Sustaining Membership $525.00 $525.00 $525.00 (includes advertising and exhibit discounts and more! Contact the lAMFES office for additional benefits)

^Student Membership □ JFP and DFES $70.00 $95.00 $140.00 □ Journal of Food Protection $42.50 $57.50 $87.50 □ Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation $42.50 $52.50 $67.50 *Full-time student verification must accompany this form All Prices Include Shipping & Handling

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OCTOBER 1999 - Doiry, Food and Environmental Sanitation 727 THOUGHTS on Today’s Food Safety...

Environmental Update: The strategy sets a national performance expecta¬ tion for all AFOs to develop and implement site-specific Dairy Issues Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans (CNMPs). CNMPs are expected to address items such as manure Carissa Itle management (including land application), record keep¬ Director of Environmental Services ing, and land management. It is estimated that 95% of these plans will be dev¬ Notional Milk Producers Federation eloped and implemented voluntarily'. CNMPs will be Arlington, VA required for CAFOs as part of their NPDES permits. Although AFOs will not be required to have plans in place, development of plans will be encouraged. Environmental regulations can have a tremendous Regulators will be more lenient with a producer who impact on dairy' producers and may, in the long run, makes honest mistakes but has a plan in place. determine which farms are able to remain in produc¬ In addition to CNMP development, the Unified AFO tion. We will briefly review the increased regulatory Strategy directs the revision of both the NPDES permit focus on animal agriculture and the potential impact of regulations and the effluent limitation guidelines for dairy' current and changing regulations on dairy' producers. feedlots.

BACKGROUND NPDES PERMIT REVISIONS

Practically every modern dairy facility fits the regu¬ The regulatory program will focus on CAFOs in the latory definition of an animal feeding operation (AFO). following situations: An AFO is a concentrated animal feeding operation • Significant manure production — 1,0()()-t- Animal (CAFO) if it has more than 1,000 animal units (700 ma¬ Units ture dairy cattle) or has fewer animals but discharges • Unacceptable condition- discharges to waters wastes into waters. Regardless of size, any AFO may be • Significant contributors to water quality designated a CAFO if an on-site inspection by the per¬ impairment — a facility or collection of facilities mitting authority determines it to be a significant con¬ contributing to impairment of a watershed. It is tributor of pollution. likely that many smaller dairies could be regu¬ (^AFOs are identified as point sources of pollution by lated under this category. the Clean Water Act and are thus required to obtain EPA has released for public comment a permitting permits under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimina¬ guidance to assist regulatory staff in determining which tion System (NPDES). Because AFOs are considered to be facilities will be targeted to receive permits. Key issues nonpoint sources of pollution, they are not required to likely to be affected by NPDES permit revisions include; obtain an NPDES permit and are addressed under various voluntary' pollution control programs. Removal of the 25-year, 24-hour storm exemption The current regulation reads that no AFO is a CAFO THE UNIFIED NATIONAL STRATEGY if it discharges only in the event of a 25-year, 24-hour FOR ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS storm event. Although this may have been intended to exempt smaller AFOs from the CAFO designation, it is In February 1998, President Clinton released the often interpreted to mean that even an AFO with 1,000+ (Hean Water Action Plan, which aims to restore and pro¬ AUs that does not discharge (except for the aforemen¬ tect our nation’s water quality. The plan identifies pol¬ tioned storm event) does not need to be permitted as luted runoff as the most important remaining source of a CAFO. This loophole is likely to be closed with the water pollution and directs the development of a strat¬ pending permit revisions. egy to minimize the environmental impacts of animal agriculture. Land application Earlier this year, USDA and EPA released the Unified National Strategy for Animal Feeding Operations. This The courts have determined that land application strategy is not a new regulation, but provides a blueprint from a CAFO is a point source of pollution and subject to to coordinate federal agency initiatives to minimize NPDES permit regulations. Revised permit requirements water quality and public health impacts from AFOs. could include practices like nutrient testing and record

Continued on page 719

728 Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sonitotion - OCTOBER 1999 Join us in Atlanta, Georgia for the world's most comprehensive food safety conference. Over 1,100 of the foremost authorities from industry, academia and government from around the world will be attending the conference. The lAMFES Annual Meeting is recognized as the leading source for the latest information on advances in protecting the world's food supply.

The Annual Meeting includes over 250 presentations including symposia, technical sessions. and posters. Learn the latest trends and developments in the industry including topics on Bioterrorism and Food Protection, Surveillance of Foodborne Disease in Latin America and the Caribbean, Dairy Plant HACCP, Safe Production of Sprouts from Seeds, HACCP-Based Strategies for Seafoods and many other issues facing food safety professionals daily.

Network with industry professionals in the lAMFES Exhibit Hall. Experience over 80 exhibitors displaying the latest products and services available to the food safety industry. View the many displays of laboratory equipment, testing materials, sanitation products, pest control and more!

Plan now to attend the world's leading food safety conference — the lAMFES Annual Meeting! Visit our Web site at www.iamfes.org for the latest Annual Meeting information or contact the lAMFES office at 800.369.6337; 515.276.3344; Fax: 515.276.8655; E-mail: [email protected]. f IS

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