Breeding Strategies and Programmes Peter Amer
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The Iberian Lynx Lynx Pardinus Conservation Breeding Program A
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC The Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus Conservation Breeding Program A. VARGAS1, I. SA´ NCHEZ2, F. MARTI´NEZ1, A. RIVAS1, J. A. GODOY3, E. ROLDA´ N4, M. A. SIMO´ N5, R. SERRA6, MaJ. PE´ REZ7, C. ENSEN˜ AT8, M. DELIBES3, M. AYMERICH9, 10 11 A. SLIWA & U. BREITENMOSER 1Centro de Cr´ıa de Lince Ibe´rico El Acebuche, Parque Nacional de Don˜ ana, Huelva, Spain, 2Zoobota´ nico de Jerez, Ca´ diz, Spain, 3Don˜ ana Biological Station, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain, 4National Museum of Natural Science, CSIC, Madrid, Spain, 5Environmental Council, Andalusian Government, Jae´ n, Spain, 6Investigac¸a˜ o Veterina´ ria Independente, Lisbon, Portugal, 7Centro de Cr´ıa en Cautividad de Lince Ibe´rico La Olivilla, Jaen, Spain, 8Parc Zoolo´ gic, Barcelona, Spain, 9Direccio´ n General para la Biodiversidad, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, Spain, 10Cologne Zoo, Cologne 50735, Germany, and 11IUCN Cat Specialist Group, Institute of Veterinary Virology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] The Iberian Lynx Conservation Breeding Program fol- INTRODUCTION lows a multidisciplinary approach, integrated within the National Strategy for the Conservation of the Iberian lynx, which is carried out in cooperation with national, Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus wild populations regional and international institutions. The main goals of have undergone a constant regression through- the ex situ conservation programme are to: (1) maintain a out the last century. The decline has been genetically and demographically managed captive popu- especially abrupt in the last 20 years, with more lation; (2) create new Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus free- ranging populations through re-introduction. -
Steps in Becoming Your Own Plant Breeder Mark P
NCRPIS Conference Papers, Posters and North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station Presentations 1988 Steps in becoming your own plant breeder Mark P. Widrlechner United States Department of Agriculture, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ncrpis_conf Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Plant Biology Commons, and the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ncrpis_conf/16. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NCRPIS Conference Papers, Posters and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 46 STEPS IN BECOMING YOUR OWN PLANT BREEDER Mark P. Widrlechner USDA·ARS, Nort:h Central Regional Plant Introduction Station Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 As herb growers and marketers, all ~f us enjoy working with plants and 'their useful products. Many of us are involved wit:h growing herbs from seed or cuttings. There probably aren't quite so many of us who produce our own seed and of those who do produce seed there are even fewer who do so using soma method of controlled pollination. ·To be a plant breeder, first you need to learn how to produce quality seed under controlled pollination conditions for the species you want to improve. -
Characteristics of a Good Breeder
WHAT CHARACTERIZES A GOOD BREEDER? By Carissa Kuehn Looking for a German Shepherd puppy? It can be a daunting task; there are endless numbers of “breeders” out there with all sorts of claims to fame: “specializing in blacks and black sables”, “top-rated show line dogs”, “top- rated working dogs”, “specializing in huge „Old World‟ German Shepherds”. How does one make sense of it all? fter spending a total of six years A searching for and investigating my GSD breeder—and finally getting a puppy from her that I have since taken all the way from BH to IPO3 at the Regional and National championship levels as a first time handler—I have learned many things about good breeders that I wish to share. There are several key characteristics and attributes that set a GOOD BREEDER apart from all those other “breeders” out there. My hope is that this article helps guide you in selecting a good breeder who works tirelessly to produce good German Shepherd Dogs that are all a German Shepherd should be. I hope that it also helps you avoid those breeders who are either just in it for the money, or have no real knowledge about and experience in breeding good German Shepherd Dogs. The author with “Axel”, competing at the 2013 USCA GSD IPO3 National Whether you want a stable, well-bred Championship (first National event as a first-time handler with her first GSD German Shepherd Dog for a companion, ever. A combination of a good breeder, a good dog, and a good training team!). -
Abordagem Bayesiana Na Avaliação Genética De Plantas Perenes E Modelos Lineares Generalizados Aplicados Na Seleção De Cultivares E No Mapeamento De Qtls
FREDDY LUIS MORA POBLETE Abordagem bayesiana na avaliação genética de plantas perenes e modelos lineares generalizados aplicados na seleção de cultivares e no mapeamento de QTLs MARINGÁ PARANÁ – BRASIL OUTUBRO DE 2008 FREDDY LUIS MORA POBLETE Abordagem bayesiana na avaliação genética de plantas perenes e modelos lineares generalizados aplicados na seleção de cultivares e no mapeamento de QTLs Tese apresentada à Universidade Estadual de Maringá como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, para obtenção do título de Doutor. MARINGÁ PARANÁ – BRASIL OUTUBRO DE 2008 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP) (Biblioteca Central - UEM, Maringá – PR., Brasil) Mora Poblete, Freddy Luis M827a Abordagem bayesiana na avaliação genética de plantas perenes e modelos lineares generalizados aplicados na seleção de cultivares e no mapeamento de QTLs / Freddy Luis Mora Poblete. -- Maringá, 2008. 151 f. : il. Orientador : Prof. Dr. Carlos Alberto Scapim. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, 2008. 1. Bioestatística - Modelos Lineares Generalizados. 2. Bioestatística - Avaliação genética. 3. Plantas - Melhoramento - Mapeamento QTLs. 4. Plantas - Melhoramento - Inferência Bayesiana. 5. Plantas - Melhoramento - Análise longitudinal. 6. Bioestatística - Inferência Bayesiana. I. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento. II. Título. CDD 21.ed. 576.58 Permitida a cópia total ou parcial deste documento, desde que citada a fonte. (O autor) DEDICO Aos meus filhos, Javiera Ignacia e Felipe Andrés, cujas especiais presenças me motivam a tentar ser cada dia melhor. A Juanita Bruneau, pelo fundamental apoio nesta iniciativa. Aos meus pais, José Mora e Silvia Poblete, e ao meu irmão, Carlitos, por fazerem parte de minha vida. -
Captive Breeding Genetics and Reintroduction Success
Biological Conservation 142 (2009) 2915–2922 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Captive breeding genetics and reintroduction success Alexandre Robert * UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, Conservation des Espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CRBPO, 55, Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France article info abstract Article history: Since threatened species are generally incapable of surviving in their current, altered natural environ- Received 6 May 2009 ments, many conservation programs require to preserve them through ex situ conservation techniques Received in revised form 8 July 2009 prior to their reintroduction into the wild. Captive breeding provides species with a benign and stable Accepted 23 July 2009 environment but has the side effect to induce significant evolutionary changes in ways that compromise Available online 26 August 2009 fitness in natural environments. I developed a model integrating both demographic and genetic processes to simulate a captive-wild population system. The model was used to examine the effect of the relaxation Keywords: of selection in captivity on the viability of the reintroduced population, in interaction with the reintro- Reintroduction duction method and various species characteristics. Results indicate that the duration of the reintroduc- Selection relaxation Population viability analysis tion project (i.e., time from the foundation of the captive population to the last release event) is the most Mutational meltdown important determinant of reintroduction success. Success is generally maximized for intermediate project duration allowing to release a sufficient number of individuals, while maintaining the number of generations of relaxed selection to an acceptable level. -
Insights Into Breed Standards Written by Dr Al Grossman and Reprinted with Permission
Breeders’ Briefcase by Amy & Bonnie Insights Into Breed Standards Written by Dr Al Grossman and reprinted with permission We have all heard a variety of finish its championship. references to soundness. It may be, “I It is practically impossible to divorce don’t care for so and so’s dog but he type from soundness completely, is sound”, or “isn’t so and so lovely, for it might be said that soundness and so sound too.” Various words have is the cause and type the effect. I been used to define “sound.” Some have always used the analogy from of them are (1) free from flaw, defect home building that soundness is or decay, undamaged or unimpaired, the basement and framework of (2) healthy, not weak or diseased, the building. Type is the goodies robust of body and mind. Continuing, added on to make it a livable house. there are flawless, perfect, sturdy, Expression, coat, etc. define your dependable, reliable, etc. Are you final impression of the dog. beginning to get the picture? It should be pointed out that a sound Most breeds have been bred for a dog is not necessarily championship purpose, and as such, is required to material, since the word “show” have the stamina and traits necessary itself connotes that a little more is to perform its function, coupled required. with the necessary instincts. Thus, soundness should mean that the Generally speaking, when a breeder animal is able to carry out the job for describes a sound specimen, he which it is intended. It should mean means a dog without a major fault. -
How Far Is Too Far with a Mixed Breeding Program? Jessica Morgan, Agriculture Agent, Anson County
How Far is Too Far with a Mixed Breeding Program? Jessica Morgan, Agriculture Agent, Anson County We’ve all heard the horror stories of purebred dogs and their health problems while mutts seem to live forever. Obviously if you are a purebred breeder, you have an incredible amount of responsibility to uphold the characteristics of a breed. However, if you are a typical commercial cattlemen let’s take a look at how these thoughts can translate to our cattle herds. Why Crossbreed? Crossbred cattle can have some significant advantages over the use of one breed in your cattle. The two main benefits include hybrid vigor as well as combining the best strengths of the various breeds used to form the cross. Hybrid vigor, also known as heterosis, explains the superiority in performance of the crossbred animal compared to the average of the straightbred parents. Hybrid vigor is most noticeable in low heritable traits, such as growth rate, and reproductive efficiency. The most important advantage for crossbreeding is found in the crossbred cow. Maternal heterosis results in improvements in fertility, calf livability, calf weaning weight and cow longevity. Combining strengths between breeds is also an important reason for crossbreeding. For example, British Breeds (Angus & Hereford) are typically high in marbling potential where Continental breeds (Simmental, Charolais, Gelbveih) have offspring that have desirable levels of marbling and yield grade. Knowing the advantages of the breeds before you breed is important. True crossbreeding is a deliberate decision to produce cattle that have a known genetic makeup to pass genetics from parents to produce a calf with desirable characteristics. -
A Growing Problem Selective Breeding in the Chicken Industry
A GROWING PROBLEM SELECTIVE BREEDING IN THE CHICKEN INDUSTRY: THE CASE FOR SLOWER GROWTH A GROWING PROBLEM SELECTIVE BREEDING IN THE CHICKEN INDUSTRY: THE CASE FOR SLOWER GROWTH TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................. 2 SELECTIVE BREEDING FOR FAST AND EXCESSIVE GROWTH ......................... 3 Welfare Costs ................................................................................. 5 Labored Movement ................................................................... 6 Chronic Hunger for Breeding Birds ................................................. 8 Compromised Physiological Function .............................................. 9 INTERACTION BETWEEN GROWTH AND LIVING CONDITIONS ...................... 10 Human Health Concerns ................................................................. 11 Antibiotic Resistance................................................................. 11 Diseases ............................................................................... 13 MOVING TO SLOWER GROWTH ............................................................... 14 REFERENCES ....................................................................................... 16 COVER PHOTO: CHRISTINE MORRISSEY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In an age when the horrors of factory farming are becoming more well-known and people are increasingly interested in where their food comes from, few might be surprised that factory farmed chickens raised for their meat—sometimes called “broiler” -
Evaluating the Potential for Species Reintroductions in Canada
Evaluating the Potential for Species Reintroductions in Canada JAY V. GEDIR, TIAN EVEREST, AND AXEL MOEHRENSCHLAGER Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoo, 1300 Zoo Road NE, Calgary, AB, T2E 7V6, Canada, email [email protected] Abstract: Species reintroductions and translocations are increasingly useful conservation tools for restoring endangered populations around the world. We examine ecological and socio- political variables to assess Canada’s potential for future reintroductions. Biologically ideal species would be prolific, terrestrial, herbivorous, behaviorally simple, charismatic, easily tractable, or large enough to carry transmitters for post-release evaluations, and would have small home range requirements. Sociologically, Canada’s large geographic area, low human density, high urban population, widespread protectionist views towards wildlife, and sound economic status should favor reintroduction success. Canada has implemented legislation to safeguard species at risk and, compared to developing countries, possesses substantial funds to support reintroduction efforts. We support the reintroduction guidelines put forth by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) but realize that several challenges regarding these parameters will unfold in Canada’s future. Pressures from the rates of species loss and climate change may precipitate situations where species would need to be reintroduced into areas outside their historic range, subspecific substitutions would be necessary if taxonomically similar individuals are unavailable, -
PLANT BREEDING David Luckett and Gerald Halloran ______
CHAPTER 4 _____________________________________________________________________ PLANT BREEDING David Luckett and Gerald Halloran _____________________________________________________________________ WHAT IS PLANT BREEDING AND WHY DO IT? Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. The new variety may have higher yield, improved grain quality, increased disease resistance, or be less prone to lodging. Ideally, it will have a new combination of attributes which are significantly better than the varieties already available. The new variety will be a new combination of genes which the plant breeder has put together from those available in the gene pool of that species. It may contain only genes already existing in other varieties of the same crop, or it may contain genes from other distant plant relatives, or genes from unrelated organisms inserted by biotechnological means. The breeder will have employed a range of techniques to produce the new variety. The new gene combination will have been chosen after the breeder first created, and then eliminated, thousands of others of poorer performance. This chapter is concerned with describing some of the more important genetic principles that define how plant breeding occurs and the techniques breeders use. Plant breeding is time-consuming and costly. It typically takes more than ten years for a variety to proceed from the initial breeding stages through to commercial release. An established breeding program with clear aims and reasonable resources will produce a new variety regularly, every couple of years or so. Each variety will be an incremental improvement upon older varieties or may, in rarer circumstances, be a quantum improvement due to some novel gene, the use of some new technique or a response to a new pest or disease. -
Definition of Terms
DEFINITION OF TERMS Definition of Terms used for Purposes of the Montana Certification Program taken from the Terminology of the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies. A. Variety The term variety (cultivar) denotes an assemblage of cultivated individuals which are distinguished by any characters (morphological, physiological, cytological, chemical or others) significant for the purposes of agriculture, forestry, or horticulture and which, when reproduced (sexually or asexually) or reconstituted, retain their distinguishing features. B. Classes of Seed Recognized in Seed Certification 1. Breeder - Breeder seed is seed directly controlled by the originating or sponsoring plant breeding institution, or person, or designee thereof. As applied to certified seed, breeders seed is the source for the production of seed of the other classes of certified seed. 2. Foundation Foundation seed is seed which is the progeny of breeder or Foundation seed produced under control of the originator or sponsoring plant breeding institution, or person, or designee thereof. As applied to certified seed, Foundation seed is a class of certified seed which is produced under procedures established by the certifying agency for the purpose of maintaining genetic purity and identity. 3. Registered Registered seed shall be the progeny of Breeder or Foundation seed handled under procedures acceptable to the certifying agency to maintain satisfactory genetic purity and identity. 4. Certified Certified seed shall be the progeny of Breeder, Foundation, or Registered seed so handled as to maintain satisfactory genetic purity and identity, and which has been acceptable to the certifying agency. Certified tree seed is defined as seed from trees produced so as to assure genetic identity. -
Puppy Guarantee
Bullies 4 The Brave, Inc. PUPPY GUARANTEE I ________________________________________________ have read the below information (First Name/Last Name) regarding the puppy guarantee and agree to all within,____________________. (Date) Please copy, print and sign that you have read and understand the below Health Guarantee. It must be mailed or emailed to us before your puppy leaves. REGULAR MONTHLY VET CHECKS WILL ALLOW THIS GUARANTEE TO BE DOCUMENTED BY YOUR VET- YOU MUST HAVE A PAPER TRAIL FOR YOUR PUPPY'S HEALTH GUARANTEE INCLUDING VET WORMING & SHOT RECORDS. WEIGHT AND HEIGHT OF YOUR PUPPY MUST BE DOCUMENTED AS WELL AS VETS COMMENTS FOR HIS/HER OVERALL HEALTH. YOU MUST KEEP AND FURNISH REGULAR MONTHLY VET VISIT RECORDS AND FOOD RECEIPTS FOR THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE. IF YOU HAVE NOT DONE THIS THE HEALTH GUARANTEE IS NULL AND VOID, WE WILL NOT COVER YOUR PET BECAUSE IT IS THAT IMPORTANT FOR A HEALTHY PUPPY THAT THESE THINGS BE DONE. WE ALSO HAVE THE RIGHT TO CALL YOUR VET AND VERIFY INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR PUPPY IF THERE IS A PROBLEM THAT ARISES. Health Guarantee The Olde English Bulldogge is quickly becoming well respected in many working venues such as weight pull, therapy training, obedience and several others. They have become excellent breathers and do not have to be kept in an air conditioned environments on most days; as with any breed heat stroke can happen if proper care is not taken with your pet. The Olde English Bulldogge may be a healthier breed of dog than many modern Bulldog breeds; HOWEVER, the Bulldogge has been recreated using its counterpart the English bulldog and certain genes can pull from generations long ago so it is important to read and understand about these types of bulldog defects.