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The 'New' Idolatry

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The 'New' Idolatry SI M-J 2006 pgs 3/29/06 11:04 AM Page 18 INVESTIGATIVE FILES JOE NICKELL The ‘New’ Idolatry or a live, prime-time television ond commandment is an injunction worship among the Church’s excesses. program, I was asked to evaluate against “graven images,” but only those Ironically, Catholic bibles (unlike Fclaims that a statue in Sacramento that were to be adored or served (Exodus Protestant ones) contain an extra, four- streamed tears of blood. The case 20: 4–5); others were explicitly allowed teenth chapter of Daniel that condemns prompted me to take a retrospective (Exodus 25:18). Influenced by Islam idolatry with a story. It involves the look at a wide variety of related phe- and Judaism, a movement of iconoclasts Babylonian idol of Bel (or Baal) which nomena, ranging from weeping icons to (Greek “image-breakers”) from about consumed vast quantities of food and perambulating statues, many of which I 723–842 sought to carry out the injunc- wine—or so it seemed. The apparent personally investigated over the years. tion, destroying countless religious miracle won over King Cyrus to worship of the idol. However, Daniel sifted ashes on the floor of the sealed temple and so recorded the footprints of the priests Catholic bibles and their families who used “secret doors” to enter and devour the offerings. (unlike Protestant ones) contain an extra, As Daniel had reasoned to the king, the idol consisted only of brass-covered fourteenth chapter of Daniel that clay and “never ate or drank anything.” Neither, he might have added by way of extrapolation, do statues move, weep, condemns idolatry with a story. bleed, or otherwise become animated. Or was Daniel wrong? Idolatry works and persecuting those who made Animated Statues Belief that an effigy is in some way ani- and venerated them. In the ninth cen- In September 1995, reminiscent of the mated (from anima, “breath”) not only tury, iconoclasm was declared a heresy. Idol of Bel, statues of Lord Ganesh and challenges science’s natural-world view, Images proliferated, being widely other Indian deities throughout the but it also crosses a theological line. It used for ornamental, instructional, and Hindu world began to sip spoonfuls of moves from veneration (reverence devotional purposes. In the Orthodox milk offered to them. Some observers toward an image) to idolatry (or image Church image veneration largely did notice milk pooling at the bottoms worship) in which the image is regarded focused on icons (wood panels painted of the statues, but they could not as the “tenement or vehicle of the god in the Byzantine tradition) and was gen- explain how it was getting there. and fraught with divine influence” erally more elaborate than the venera- The secret was discovered by govern- (Idolatry 1960). tion in Roman Catholicism, which ment scientists who offered a statue Religious prohibitions of idolatry are tended to favor statues (Images 1993). milk mixed with red dye and noted that, ancient. In the Old Testament, the sec- A new iconoclasm arose during the while the liquid disappeared from the Protestant Reformation in sixteenth- spoon, it coated the statue due to surface Joe Nickell is CSICOP’s Senior Research century Europe. Reformers like Martin tension. (This is the same principle that Fellow. His Web site is www.joenickell.com. Luther and John Calvin listed image causes two drops of liquid that are 18 Volume 30, Issue 3 SKEPTICAL INQUIRER SI M-J 2006 pgs 3/29/06 11:04 AM Page 19 brought together to form a single drop.) picture camera revealed that no such nous, life-sized crucifixion figure of The spoon being naturally tilted a bit, movement had occurred. They soon Christ reportedly closed its eyes. At first, the milk was imperceptibly drawn over determined that the effect was an illu- no one claimed to have seen the eyelids the wet (ritually washed) idol. (I was sion. According to the science magazine actually moving, only that the eyes had able to study the phenomenon when Discover (Those 1985, 19): been about one-third open when the Indian skeptic Vikas Gora statue was relocated in visited my paranormal-inves- January, and that during the tigation lab in May 2001. He special three-hour prayer had witnessed the original meeting the eyes were ob- “miracle” and taught me how served to be shut. However, to make statues and figurines the pastor of the church was seem to drink.) (Nickell soon reporting additional 2001, 312–315) claims: “At times the eyes In contrast to this singular seem to be opening and a lit- Hindu case, Roman Catholi- tle later seem to close again.” cism yielded several modern Soon, an investigation was instances of allegedly ani- launched by the Diocese, with mated statues. In 1981, a commission appointed to for example, in a church examine the evidence and at Thornton, California, a report on the astonishing phe- sculpted Virgin Mary not nomena. After careful study only altered the angle of her of the before-and-after video- eyes and the tilt of her chin, tapes, the commission found churchgoers reported, but “no convincing evidence” that also wept and even strolled the statue closed its eyes dur- about the church at night. ing the Good Friday service. Although no one ever actu- When close-up views of the ally witnessed the latter, the face from each videotape statue was frequently found showed the eyes in a similar, several feet from its usual partially open position, the location, standing at the altar. commission rejected claims A bishop’s investigation, that a miracle had occurred. however, failed to support Commission members stated the miracle claims. Investi- that they felt the witnesses gating clerics determined were sincere but could have that the purported move- been deceived by the church’s ment of the statue’s eyes and lighting and by the angles of Figure 1. At a Marian apparition site at Conyers, Georgia, the author exam- chin were merely due to ines a statue of the Virgin Mary that some pilgrims claim exhibits heart- viewing. In the wake of the variations in photographic beats. (Photo by William Evans) commission’s report, the pas- angles. Worse, they branded tor was barred from celebrat- the weeping and perambulations a It is induced when people rock gently ing Mass, and he responded by resigning back and forth while looking at the probable hoax. For their efforts, the statue. At dusk, when the sky is grey (Nickell 1998, 65–66). investigators were denounced by some and landmarks are obscured, the eye But if that statue’s eyes did not close, believers, even being called “a bunch of has no point of reference except the what about another’s that allegedly devils” (Nickell 1998, 67). halo of blue lights. Therefore, say the opened? They belonged to a “sleeping” scientists, the eye is unable to detect In 1985 came reports that a figure of the fact that one’s head and body are figure of Jesus that a Hoboken, New the Virgin in a grotto at Ballinspittle, unconsciously moving. The viewer Jersey, street “preacher” had once res- Ireland, began to sway gently. Thou- who sways is likely to get the impres- cued from a garbage bin. He claimed in sands of pilgrims, eager to witness the sion that not he but the statue is July 2005 that while he was cleaning the moving. phenomenon flocked to the village to figurine it opened its right eye. Stories view the statue, which was adorned with Other phenomena were reported in soon spread of the statue “blinking” its a halo of blue lights. Pennsylvania in 1989. The case began right eye, turning its head, and perform- It remained for a group of scientists on Good Friday at the Holy Trinity ing other unverifiable feats. from University College, Cork, to dis- Church in Ambridge, a quiet Ohio Actually the statue’s eyes were never cover the truth about the statue. They, River mill town fifteen miles northwest closed. I studied high-resolution photos too, saw the figure sway, yet a motion- of Pittsburgh. During the service a lumi- of the figure and determined that it had SKEPTICAL INQUIRER May / June 2006 19 SI M-J 2006 pgs 3/29/06 11:04 AM Page 20 glass eyes and that portions of its upper changed color in 1992. One witness saw days. When the city of Syracuse in and lower right eyelids had been broken the base of the statue turn a “dark, dark Sicily lay under Spanish siege in off, the explanation for the opening-eye pink,” while another said the figure 1719, a marble statue of St. Lucy in the city cried continually. effect (Nickell 2005). once “turned the brightest blue.” The Yet other statues—a pair representing statue was actually white with pink and Similar manifestations have been Jesus and Mary on a church’s bell tower blue tones, and the effect appeared to increasingly reported in modern times. in Campbell, Ohio—had eyes that correlate with the emotive force of the Interestingly, Syracuse was the site of “glowed.” Their halos and Sacred Hearts believers. Not surprisingly, therefore, another “weeping” statue in 1953. It was glowed too, parishioners claimed in many people were unable to witness the reported that the liquid was consistent 2003. Soon thousands of pilgrims and color change and went away disap- with real tears, although doubts were curiosity seekers had flocked to the site. pointed (Nickell 1998, 66–67). raised about the scientific competency I was one of them. However, I soon Still other statues were supposedly and impartiality of the investigators.
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