From sissy to sickening: the indexical landscape of /s/ in SoMa, San Francisco Jeremy Calder University of Colorado, Boulder
[email protected] ABSTRACT: This paper explores the relation between the linguistic and the visual in communicating social meaning and performing gender, focusing on fronted /s/ among a community of drag queens in SoMa, San Francisco. I argue that as orders of indexicality (Silverstein 2003) are established, linguistic features like fronted /s/ become linked with visual bodies. These body-language links can impose top-down restrictions on the uptake of gender performances. Non-normatively gendered individuals like the SoMa queens embody cross-modal figures of personhood (see Agha 2003; Agha 2004) like the fierce queen that forge higher indexical orders and widen the range of performative agency. KEY WORDS: Indexicality, performativity, queer linguistics, gender, drag queens 1 Introduction This paper explores the relation between the linguistic and the visual in communicating social meaning. Specifically, I analyze the roles language and the body play in gender performances (see Butler 1990) among a community of drag queens and queer performance artists in the SoMa neighborhood of San Francisco, California, and what these gender performances illuminate about the ideological connections between language, body, and gender performativity more generally. I focus on fronted /s/, i.e. the articulation of /s/ forward in the mouth, which results in a higher acoustic frequency and has been shown to be ideologically