DOCSLIB.ORG

Management of Sorghum Army Worm, Mythimna Separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: N Octuidae) Using Biopesticides

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Management of Sorghum Army Worm, Mythimna Separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: N Octuidae) Using Biopesticides (J. Bioi. Control, 22( 1): 221-224, 2008 ) Research Note Management of sorghum army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: N octuidae) using biopesticides SHEKHARAPPAandR.K.PATIL Sorghum Research Scheme, MARS, University ofAgricultural. Sciences, Dharwad - 580005, Karnataka, India. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted for two years (2002-03 and 2003-04) to manage armyworm, Mytllimlla separata (\Valker), on sorghum with biopesticides, viz., Nomllraea riley; (Farlow) Samson and MsNPV. and compared with poison bait and chemical control. Spray of N. rileyi at both the doses, viz., lxlO' and 2xlO' conidia I", were found to be effective in checking the larval population. The highest yield of 21.14 q ha" was obtained in N. rUey; spray at 2xlO' conidia I" and was on par with N. riley; spray at hIO' conidia I". The maximum cost­ benefit ratio of I: 36.45 was obtained in N. riley; spray at hIO' conidia ,., followed by N. riley; spray at 2x 10' conidia I" with a CB ratio of I: 29.44. KEY WORDS: Armyworm, cost-benefit ratio, Mythimna separata. MsNPV, Nomuraea rile vi, sorghum The armywonn, Mythimna separata (Walker) users whenever it is required. Perusal ofliterature (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is polyphagous and one revealed that there is no work on armywonn with ofthe serious pests of cereal crops, mainly sorghum, Nomuraea riley; (Farlow) Samson. However, its maize and sugarcane in Karnataka (Kulkarni and natural epizootics on Mythimna (Pseudaletia) Jotwani, 1978). Severe epidemics of this pest unipuncta (Haw.) in rice ecosystem have been resulted in up to 100 per cent damage in transitional reported in India by Arnbethgar and Kumaran (1998). belt during 1988-89 (Anonymous, 1989) at Dharwad The natural incidence of Nomuraea rileyi on with a maximum population of35 larvae per plant Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Spodoptera on sorghum. The present management strategies litura (Fabricius) was reported by PatH (2000) in aim at only use of chemical insecticides (Hiremath groundnut ecosystem at Dharwad. This et al., 1990), which pose a threat to human beings, investigation deals with the management of this domestic animals and wildlife by causing pest with biopesticides. environmental pollution. Apart from this, application of chemicals in tall crops like sorghum is hazardous The experiment was conducted at University to the applicator. Hence, a study was made to of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during 2002 - evaluate biopesticides as they are ecofriendly, 2004 on sorghum (Var: CSH-9) raised in 11 rows, effective, mass multiplied under laboratory each 4m long spaced at 45cm. Each row consisted condition, stored and made available to the end of 27 plants. The plot size of each treatment was SHEKHARAPPA and PATIL 5.4mx4m. The crop was protected from all pests and towards the management of armyworm were diseases by following the recommended plant calculated. Based on this, the cost-benefit ratio was protection schedule except for armyworm. Soil worked out. application of carbo fur an 3G @30 kg ba" was done at the time of sowing for the management of shoot There was no significant difference among fly. The experiment was laid out in completely the treatments before imposing the treatments randomized block design comprising five treatments indicating the uniformity in pest pressure and five replications. The facultative fungus N. during both the years. The number of larvae per rileyi was tested for its pathogenicity to M. plant after spray was least in the treatment N. rileyi separata at two dosages, viz., I x I Os conidia I-I and (2x I OR conidia 1'1), followed by spray of 2x I Os conidia 1. 1 and compared with MsNPV 250LE N. rileyi @ 1 x I 0 8 conidia 1'1 (during 2002-03). ha- ', poison bait (50 kg rice bran, 2 kg jaggery, However, these two treatments were on par 250mlmonocrotophos and 61 of water per hectare) with each other. The treatments MsNPV @ and endosulfan @ 0.07% spray under field 250LE ha'l and poison bait recorded 0.83 and 0.81 condition. The treatments were imposed only once larvae / plant, respectively, and were found to be at 50-55 days after sowing. Observations were made equally effective in the management of on the number oflarvae per plant a day before and M. separata, but differed significantly from 10 days after application. The data were subjected N. rileyi sprays at both the dosages and also to statistical analysis after square root chemical control by endosulfan spray transformation (x+ I). The data on yield was noted (0.07%). During 2003-04, N. rileyi sprays at from each treatment and finally cost-benefit ratio both the dosages emerged as the best treatments was worked out. The gross return, net return and by recording the least number of larvae the actual expenditure made in each treatment per plant. These two treatments were found to be Table 1. Management of Mytltinma separata using biopesticides Treatment No. of larvae I plant Before spray After spray 2002-03 2003-04 2002-03 2003-04 Mean Spray N. rileyi @ 1x I ORconidia ,-I 2.71" 2.61 ' 0.6P 0.57" 0.59" ( 1.92) ( 1.90) ( 1.26) (1.25) (1.26) Spray N. riley; @ 2x 108conidia 1-' 2.80a 2.68" 0.56" 0.50" 0.53' ( 1.95) (1.91) (1.24) ( 1.22) ( 1.23) MsNPV @ (250LE ha-') 2.74" 2.64" 0.83h 0.78" 0.81b (1.93 ) (1.90) ( 1.35) (1.33) (1.34) a a Poison bait 2.75 2.65 0.81 b O.77b 0.79" ( 1.93) ( 1.91) (1.34 ) (1.33 ) (1.33) Endosulfan @ (0.07%) 2.81 a 2.69" 0.75" 0.70b 0.72\> (1.95) ( 1.92) (1.32) ( 1.30) ( 1.31 ) * Means followed by the same alphabet do not differ significantly (P = 0.05) by DM RT; figures in parentheses are square root transformed values (x+ I) 222 Management of Mylilimna separata using bio-pesticides Table 2. Yield and cost benefit ratio of biopesticide treatments for the management of M. separata Treatment Yield q Iha C: B ratio 2002-03 2003-04 Mean Spray N. rileyi @ I x )-1 108 conidia 25.12" 15_02' 20.07" ,. 1: 36.45 Spray N. rileyi @ 2 x I 08conidia I-I 25.22' 15.05' 20.14' 1:29.44 I b MsNPV @(250LE ha- ) 23.351> 13.331> 13.35 1:6.82 Poison bait 23.15b 13.14b 18.15b 1:9.53 Endosulfan @ (0.07%) 25.03a 14.85' 19.95" 1: 10.68 * Means followed by the same alphabet do not dilTer significantly (P = 0.05) by DMRT; figures in parentheses are square root transformed values (x+l) on par with each other and differed significantly REFERENCES from the rest of the treatments. The pooled analysis over two years indicated a similar trend Ambethgar, V. and Kumaran, K. 1998. Incidence of green (Table 1). muscardine fungus, NOllluraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson on Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill from Tamil Nadu (lndia)_ The mean maximum yield of 20_I4q ha- 1 Journal ofEntomological Research, 22: 195-196. over two years was obtained by the application of N. rileyi @ 2x 10& conidia 1-1, closely followed Anonymous, 1989. Anllual progress report. All India by N. rUeyi 1x 10 8 conidia )-1, both on par with Co-coordinated Sorghum Improvemellt Project. each other. These two treatments out yielded Dharwad Centre for the year 1988-89, p.24. and differed significantly from the rest of the treatments. Maximum C: B ratio of 1: 36.45 Hiremath, I. G., Bhuti, S. G., Kachapur, M. D., Viraktamath, S. and Lingappa, S. 1990. Mass killing was obtained with N. rileyi @ 1xl 08 conidia 1-1, of moths - A new approach in the management of 8 followed by N. rileyi @ 2x 10 conidia 1-1 (1: 29.64) armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker). Karnataka (Table 2). Journal ofAgricultural Sciences, 3: 128-130. These findings are in close agreement with Ignoffo, C. M. 1981. The fungus Nomuraea rileyi as a the findings ofPatil (2000) who also reported that microbial insecticide, pp. 513-536. In: Burgess, H. S. fitura could be suppressed by the application of D. (Ed.), Jvfjcrobial Control of Pests alld Plant N. rileyi with increased yield in groundnut. Similarly, Diseases. Academic Press, New York. N. rileyi was reported to be capable of causing spectacu lar epizootics in caterpi lIar pests of Kulkarni, K_ A. and Jotwani, M. Q 1978. Screening of cabbage, clover, soybean (lgnoffo, 1981), promising entries to the armyworm, Mythimna groundnut, castor, potato, cotton, etc. (PatH et aI, separata (Walker). Sorghum Newsletter, 21: 36 2003, Manjula et ai., 2003, 2004). N. rileyi appears to be a promising biopesticide in checking the larval Manjula, K., Arjuna Rao, P. and Naglingan, B. 2004. population of armyworm as well as in obtaining Record of NOl1lllraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson on highest C: B ratio as compared to other management Heliothis armigera Hubner in khar!f groundnut. Indian Journal ofPlant Protectioll. 32: 125. practices. 223 SH<'~KHARAPPA and PATIL Manjula, K., Naglingan, B. and Arjuna Rao, P. 2003. in groundnut.Ph.D. thesis, University of . Occurrence of Nomuraea riley; on Spodoptera litura Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad and Heliothis armigera in Guntur District ofAndhra . 157p. Pradesh. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 11: Patil, R. K., Lingappa S., Hiremath, R. V. and Hiremath, 224-227. I. G. 2003. Seasonal incidence of Nomuraea riley; (Farlow) Samson on Spodop/era litura (Fabricius) Patil, R. K. 2000. Ecofriendly approaches for in groundnut ecosystem. Journal ofEntomological the management of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Research, 22: 109-113. (Received: 30.08.2006; Revised: 01.03.2007; Accepted: 01.09.2007) 224 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fall Armyworm: Impacts and Implications for Africa Evidence Note Update, October 2018
    Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa Evidence Note Update, October 2018 Rwomushana, I., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Beseh, P., Cameron, K., Chiluba, M., Clottey, V., Davis, T., Day, R., Early, R., Godwin, J., Gonzalez-Moreno, P., Kansiime, M., Kenis, M., Makale, F., Mugambi, I., Murphy, S., Nunda. W., Phiri, N., Pratt, C., Tambo, J. KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE Executive Summary This Evidence Note provides new evidence on the distribution and impact of FAW in Africa, summarises research and development on control methods, and makes recommendations for sustainable management of the pest. FAW biology FAW populations in Africa include both the ‘corn strain’ and the ‘rice strain’. In Africa almost all major damage has been recorded on maize. FAW has been reported from numerous other crops in Africa but usually there is little or no damage. At the moment managing the pest in maize remains the overriding priority. In Africa FAW breeds continuously where host plants are available throughout the year, but is capable of migrating long distances so also causes damage in seasonally suitable environments. There is little evidence on the relative frequency of these two scenarios. Studies show that natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) in Africa have “discovered” FAW, and in some places high levels of parasitism have already been found. Distribution and Spread FAW in Africa Rapid spread has continued and now 44 countries in Africa are affected. There are no reports from North Africa, but FAW has reached the Indian Ocean islands including Madagascar. Environmental suitability modelling suggests almost all areas suitable for FAW in sub-Saharan Africa are now infested.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Species Diagnostic Molecular Tool for an Invasive Pest, Mythimna Loreyi, Using LAMP
    insects Article Development of a Species Diagnostic Molecular Tool for an Invasive Pest, Mythimna loreyi, Using LAMP Hwa Yeun Nam 1, Min Kwon 1, Hyun Ju Kim 2 and Juil Kim 1,3,* 1 Highland Agriculture Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25342, Korea; [email protected] (H.Y.N.); [email protected] (M.K.) 2 Crop foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; [email protected] 3 Program of Applied Biology, Division of Bio-resource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-33-250-6438 Received: 20 October 2020; Accepted: 17 November 2020; Published: 19 November 2020 Simple Summary: Mythimna loreyi is a serious pest of grain crops and reduces yields in maize plantations. M. loreyi is a native species in East Asia for a long time. However, this species has recently emerged as a migration (or invasive from other Asian countries) pest of some cereal crops in Korea. Little is known about its basic biology, ecology, and it is difficult to identify the morphologically similar species, Mythimna separate, which occur at the cornfield in the larvae stage. Species diagnosis methods for invasive pests have been developed and utilized for this reason. Currently, the molecular biology method for diagnosing M. loreyi species is only using the mtCO1 universal primer (LCO1490, HCO2198) and process PCR and sequencing to compare the degree of homology. However, this method requires a lot of time and effort. In this study, we developed the LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) assay for rapid, simple, and effective species diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Armyworms and Loopers
    Information Sheet IS13052 Armyworms and loopers Night-feeding armyworms Armyworm infestations occur only now and then. Trash- blanketed ratoon fields are often attacked. Where trash Sugarcane armyworm: Leucania loreyi, Leucania stenographa, blanketing has only recently been tried, damage seems to be Leucania abdominalis worse than in fields where the practice has been ongoing. This Common armyworm: Mythimna convecta may be because predators and diseases of armyworms have built up with longer-term trashblanketing. Northern armyworm: Mythimna separata Day-feeding armyworms Infestations of sugarcane looper are rare. Day-feeding armyworm: Spodoptera exempta Loopers Sugarcane looper: Mocis frugalis Distribution All species occur in all sugar-producing regions of Australia. In mixed groups on sugarcane, northern armyworm is found in higher numbers than common armyworm. Damage Armyworm caterpillars eat the leaves of cane. Bare leaf midribs are all that remain after heavy attack (Photo 1). Photo 2: The upper larva is a night feeding and the one below is day feeding. Description Night-feeding armyworms Night-feeding armyworms hide in rolled spindle leaves or under leaf litter during the day, and feed mostly at night. Caterpillars of sugarcane, common and northern armyworm occur in similar areas and are hard to tell apart. They curl up when disturbed. Photo 1: Armyworm damage. They range from pale olive-green to red/brown with stripes of white, red-brown and black running down the body. Fully A single stripping of leaves in spring or early summer rarely grown caterpillars are up to 40 mm long. Pupae form under causes any crop loss. A wave of attacks in December-February trash or 1 cm underground in small chambers.
    [Show full text]
  • DAMAGE ASSESSMENT and MANAGEMENT of ARMYWORM [Mythimna Separata, Walker] in WINTER MAIZE at RAMPUR, CHITWAN
    J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 35: 161-166 (2018) 161 DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ARMYWORM [Mythimna separata, Walker] IN WINTER MAIZE AT RAMPUR, CHITWAN. A. Shrestha*, A. Pandey and R. Sapkota Lamjung Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science *[email protected] ABSTRACT Mythimna separata Walker commonly known as armyworm (Rice Ear-Cutting Caterpillar), belonging to Lepidoptora: Noctuidae is one of the major insect pests of maize in Nepal. Application of selective pesticide is mostly used approach to control the pest population to minimize its possible damage. A field experiment was carried out to find out the loss by armyworm in maize field (variety RML32/17) during winter season of 2016/17. The experiment was laid under Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments and three replications in the research field of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur. The treatments consisted of: i)Metarrhizium anisopliae ii)Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus iii)Spinosad iv)Furadon v)Magik vi)Lara-909 vii)Multineem viii)Control. The treatments were applied three times at 30DAS, 45DAS and 60DAS for each replication and armyworm damaged plants were counted after a week of application among the 30 sample plants tagged in each plot. Number of damaged plants by armyworm after each spraying and maize yield in each plot were recorded and analyzed by GenStat. It was found that least number of plants were damaged in plots applied with treatments Lara-909, subsequently followed by Spinosad while more plants were damaged successively in control and M. anisopliae. The highest average yield (6.73 ton/ha) was found in Lara-909 treated plot followed by Spinosad (6.67 ton/ha) which were significant with the lowest average yield found in control (5.76 ton/ha) but only statistical at par with rest of the treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Mythimna Separata at Icrisat
    SORGHUM ENTOMOLOGY Progress Report-6 STUDIES ON MYTHIMNA SEPARATA AT ICRISAT Progress Report 1980-81 H.C. Sharma, V.S. Bhatnagar and J.C. Davies 4, ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISAT Patancheru P.O. Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India 1982 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The assistance received from support staff of the sorghum and cropping entomology is duely acknowledged. The keen interest and tireless efforts of Mr V Venkateswara Rao need special mention. Our thanks are also due to our co-operators namely; Drs F R Biddinger, V Mahalakshmi, B S Talukdar, S V R Shetty and M V Natarajan, who willingly offered their experiments to collect observations on various aspects and for making available their own data for purposes of comparision. The encouragement received during the course of this work from Dr L R House and Mr D J Andrews is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also thankful to Drs K Leuschner, W. Reed, A.B. Mohamed, R P Thakur and S.L. Taneja for going through the manuscript, and making valuable suggestions. STUDIES ON MYTHIMNA SEPARATA AT ICRIFAT H.C. Sharma, V.S. Bhatnagar and J.C. Davies 1 INTRODUCTION The oriental armyworm, Mythimna (Pseudaletia)(Leucania) separata Walker is a pest of cereals in Asia and Australia between 450N to 450 S latitude and 60 E to beyond 170 W longitude. It has been reported to feed in nature on 33 plant species and. some un­ specified grasses belonging to eight plant families (Sharma & Davies, 1982). Prior to 1950 it was of minor importance in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Female and Male Age and Association Periods of the Adults of Oriental Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Oviposition, Egg Hatch and Longevity
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology Jahr/Year: 1991 Band/Volume: 41 Autor(en)/Author(s): Singh Daya Ram, Chaudhary J.P. Artikel/Article: Influence of female and male age and association periods of the adults of oriental armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on oviposition, egg hatch and longevity. 271-275 ©www.senckenberg.de/; download www.contributions-to-entomology.org/ Beitr. Ent. Berlin41 (1991) 1, S. 271-275 Department of Entomology Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, India. R am Singh and J. P. Chaudhary Influence of female and male age and association periods of the adults of oriental armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on oviposition, egg hatch and longevity 1. Introduction The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Wlk .) is a serious polyphagous pest of over 33 species of cereals and grasses in Asia and Australia(S harma and D avies 1983; Singh et al. 1987). Larvae remain unnoticed till they reach final instars when maximum damage (over 96%) is caused to crops(R ice et al. 1982). To control this stage, higher doses of insecticides are required which may not be desirable in integrated pest control. Use of biocontrol agents and resistant plants has also not yielded promising results(S harma and D avies 1983). Continuing concern about the need for new approaches to control armyworm has resulted in research exploing the potential of light trap catches(P ersson 1977) and mating disruption with the sex pheromones(Sato et al. 1980). These approaches focus on manipulation of the reproductive biology of insect to achieve population suppression and for their success, knowledge of reproductive behaviour and biology is an essential component.
    [Show full text]
  • Possible Biological Control of the Armyworm by the Harvest Mouse Reiko Ishiwaka and Yasuhisa Masuda
    Japanese Society of Grassland Science ISSN1744-6961 SHORTBlackwellMeGRSGr1744-6961©XXXCaseHaR. 2008Ishiwakaasslandrvlbourne, estReports Blackwell mouse PublishingScience andAustralia as Y. Publishing aMasuda control Asia agent Ltd REPORT Possible biological control of the armyworm by the harvest mouse Reiko Ishiwaka and Yasuhisa Masuda Laboratory of Animal Feed Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Keywords: Micromys minutus, Mythimna separate, pest control. Received: 22 February 2007; accepted 09 October 2007 Correspondence: Reiko Ishiwaka, Laboratory of Animal Feed Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. Email: [email protected] doi: 10.1111/j.1744-697X.2007.00105.x and Australia, specifically between a latitude of 45°N to 45°S, Introduction and a longitude of 60°E to beyond 170°W (Sharma & Davies The harvest mouse, Micromys minutus Pallas (Rodentia: 1983, cited by Sharma et al. 2002). Larvae of the armyworm Muridae), is highly adept at climbing grass leaves and stems feed on primarily leaves of gramineous plants and periodically with its remarkably small body size (7–9 g in adults), grasping causes serious damage to the following crops: sorghum hands and feet and a prehensile tail; this fact reveals how (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum effectively this species has adapted to inhabit the stalk zone of [L.] R.Br.), O. sativa, maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum Gramineae communities (Ishiwaka & Mõri 1999). The harvest L.) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) (Sharma et al. 2002). mouse is widely distributed in the temperate and humid This pest affects the following forage plants as well: perennial climate zone between East Asia and West Europe (Harris & ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata Trout 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    Eur. J. Entomol. 112(3): 399–408, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.055 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) QIU-NING LIU *, DAN-DAN BIAN *, SEN-HAO JIANG, BAO-MING GE, CHUN-LIN ZHOU and BO-PING TANG ** Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Normal University, 50 Kaifang Avenue,Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, P.R. China; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Key words. Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Mythimna separata, mitochondrial genome, Oriental armyworm, phylogeny Abstract. The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was determined to be 15,329 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and an A+T-rich region. The AT skew of this mitogenome was slightly negative and the nucleotide composition was also biased toward A+T nucleotides (81.00%). All PCGs were initiated by ATN codons, except for cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene, which was initiated by CGA. Five of the 13 PCGs have the incomplete termination codon, T or TA. All the tRNA genes displayed a typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNA. The A+T-rich region of the mitogenome was 372 bp in length and consisted of several features common to the Noctuidae. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the placement ofM. separata within the Noctuidae.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna Separata (Wlk.) Distribution, Biology and Control: a Literature Review
    MISCELLANEOUS REPORT NO 59 The Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Wlk.) Distribution, Biology and Control: A Literature Review H. C. SHARMA and J. C. DAVIES Published by: CENTRE FOR OVERSEAS PEST RESEARCH COLLEGE HOUSE WRIGHTS LANE LONDON W8 5SJ O Crown copyright 1983 Extracts from this publication may be reproduced provided the source is acknowledged Price f4.00 Printed by Hobbs the Printers Ltd of Southampton for the Centre for Oversees Pest Research H. C. SHARMA and J. C. DAVIES* The Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Wlk. ) Distribution, Biology and Control: A Literature Review International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru P.O. 502 324 A.P., India SUMMARY The or~entalarmyworm, Mythimna separata IWlk.1, IS one of the serious cereal pests in the Asran and AustralIan conlrnents It IS widely distrrbuted bctween 45 N and 45's lat~tude and 60~Etn beyond 170' W lony~tude,covering 27 countr~es/colonialterritnr~es/~slands from humid tropical to temperate regions. Serious outbreaks have occurred In India, Ch~na, Japan, Australla, New Zcaland. FIII, Bangladesh, and Tha~lancl.Var~ous theories are quoted to cxpla~nthe outbreaks. Exact y~eld10% ~stimatcsare not ~va~lable,but heavy losses have beer1 experienced In India, Ch~na,Japan, Australla, New Zealand, and Barigladesh, Insect development varies accord~ngto tempcratlrre and tiumid~ty.Populat~ons have been mon~toredclslng light traps, molassrs.ba~tcd traps, ariri dry sorghum leaves. Larval brhav~our varles cons~derablyIn thc sol~taryand yreyarlous phases. 111 China and Japan migration s reported Forty-two parasrtes, 16 predators, and 12 pathogens have been reported from the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of 35 C-Type Lectins in the Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna
    insects Article Identification of 35 C-Type Lectins in the Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) Hao Li 1, Fang-Fang Liu 1, Li-Qing Fu 1, Ze Liu 1, Wen-Ting Zhang 1, Qian Wang 1 and Xiang-Jun Rao 1,2,* 1 School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (F.-F.L.); [email protected] (L.-Q.F.); [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (W.-T.Z.); [email protected] (Q.W.) 2 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata is a lepidopteral agricultural pest that causes serious damage to many crops, such as maize, wheat, and sorghum. To control this pest, it is advisable to take comprehensive measures, including the use of chemical pesticides, microbial pesticides, and cultural practices. However, microbial pesticides (entomopathogens) can be eliminated by the insect immune system. C-type lectins (CTLs) are a family of pattern-recognition receptors that recognize carbohydrates and mediate immune responses. C-type lectins in the oriental armyworm have not yet been identified and characterized. In this study, a transcriptome of M. separata larvae was constructed and a total of 35 CTLs containing single or dual carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) were identified from unigenes. Phylogenetic analyses, sequence alignments and structural predictions were performed. Gene expression profiles in different developmental stages, naïve larval tissues, and bacteria/fungi-challenged larvae were analyzed.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Control of Maize Army Worm, Mythimna Separata (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) by Entomopathogenic Fungi
    Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 45(6), pp. 1607-1614, 2013. Microbial Control of Maize Army Worm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) by Entomopathogenic Fungi Muhammad Naeem Malik,1 Shoaib Freed,1* Hafiza Tahira Gul,1 Muhammad Akmal1 and Muhammad Naeem2 1Laboratory of Insect Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan 2University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Abstract.- Mythimna separata is a destructive polyphagous insect of almost 33 plant species including maize and wheat. To evaluate the pathogenecity of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea, a bioassay was conducted under laboratory conditions in which fungi were applied at different dose rates on different larval instars of M. separata. The results showed a dose and time dependent response on the mortality. Both fungi were found to be effective at all concentrations, but the uppermost concentration (6×108 spores/ml) provided maximum control within short period of time (P<0.001). B. bassiana showed its effectiveness after 4th day of application, while the 50% mortality of test population treated by I. fumosorosea was recorded between 5-6 days of treatment. Results are evident that entomopathogenic fungi have potential to be used for the management of M. separata. Keywords: Maize army worm, maize, pathogenecity, polyphagous, entomopathogenic fungi, Zea mays. INTRODUCTION of M. separata larvae, usually during the time of grain filling (January-March). Larval development completes in one month, while the last two weeks of Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important feed development are very crucial in which most of the and food crop of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Bio-Rational Management of Armyworm (Mythimna Separata) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Chitwan Condition of Nepal
    J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 35: 143-150 (2018) 143 BIO-RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF ARMYWORM (MYTHIMNA SEPARATA) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN CHITWAN CONDITION OF NEPAL S. Sharma1*, G.S. Bhandari2, S. Neupane2, A. Pathak2 and S. Tiwari3,4 1 Nepal Agriculture Research Council, Entomology Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal 2 Nepal Agriculture Research Council, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal 3Agriculture and Forestry University, Department of Entomology, Rampur Chitwan 4 Bio-protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, New Zealand. *[email protected] ABSTRACT The armyworm, Mythimna separata Walker is the potential insect pest of maize, causes a severe damage on the vegetative and reproductive stages of that plant. Insecticides are the common practices to manage the broad categories of the pest in a maize field. Further, these practices have been linked to farmers health, biodiversity loss and declining of predatory arthropods. However, pest management by adopting a tool of integrated pest management is one potential option to reduce the pesticide in maize fields. Field experiments were conducted in winter maize with the aim of evaluating the potential bio-rational pesticides to manage the armyworm. The studies were conducted for two consecutive years in 2015/16 and 2016/17 at Rampur, Chitwan. Treatments were: Metarrhizium anisopliae (0.2ml/lit water), Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) ( 2.5gm/ lit water), Spinosad 45% SC (0.25ml/liter of water), Multineem (Azadriachta indica) (2 .0 ml/ liter water), Furadan 3G (3-4g/ Whorl application), Lara (Chloropyriphos 50 EC + Cypermethrin 5 EC) (1.0 ml/liter of water), Magik (Imidacloprid 17.8% (0.5ml/liter of water) and Control. The experiments were completely randomized block design with three replicates.
    [Show full text]