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Levels and Determinants of Fertility Among Refugees in Ethiopia

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Levels and Determinants of Fertility Among Refugees in Ethiopia LEVELS AND DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY AMONG REFUGEES IN ETHIOPIA By GASHAWBEZA HAILE (BSc) ADVISOR WUBEGZIER MEKONNEN (PhD) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF PUBLIC HEALTH. ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA FEBRUARY, 2014 School of Graduate Studies Levels and Determinants of Fertility among Refugees in Ethiopia By Gashawbeza Haile, BSc School of Public Health, College of Health Science Addis Ababa University Dr Wakgari Deressa Chairman, School of Public Health Committee Signature Dr Wubegzier Mekonnen Advisor Signature Dr Abiyou Kiflie Examiner Signature Dr Fekere Enquselassie Examiner Signature ii Acknowledgement First of all, I would like to thank the almighty God for bestowing on me the spirit and strength to move on during those challenging times and able to finish the study successfully. I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to my advisor, Dr Wubegzier Mekonnen, for his unreserved guidance and continuous support throughout the entirety of this study. My gratitude also extended to the School of Public Health members, Addis Ababa University, and the women refugee who participated in this study by answering to the research questions on their socio-demographic and fertility practices, data collection team leaders, data collectors and data clerks. I am indebted to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church Development and Interchurch Aid Commission (EOC-DICAC) in general and Refugee and Returns Affairs Department (RRAD) in particular for the partial tuition fee support and transport service facilitation during camps level data collection. My deep appreciation is forwarded to all staffs of RRAD who gave me unreserved encouragement during the whole course of the study. Particularly, my special thanks forwarded to Mr. Yilikal Shiferaw, Head, Department of Refugee and Returns Affairs, Mr Tafesse Haile, Refugees Education Program Officer, Mr. Jemaneh Taddesse, East camps Refugees’ Program Coordinator, Mr. Belete Haile, Sheder camp refugee program coordinator, Mr. Yirmed Habtamu and Mr. Mesfine Yimenu, Kebribeyah camp Logistic Officer, and Tsehay Gari, RRAD archive officer. My sincere gratitude forwarded to the Administration of Refugees and Returnees Affairs (ARRA) staffs (headquarter to the camp level officials and coordinators) for their kind support and refugee camps entry permission and facilitation during the data collection process at East Camps (Awbare, Keberibeyah and Sheder). And the information gave me on the camps refugees’ settings (zones, blocks and household arrangements) and refugee per households monthly remittance support. Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge all researchers and authors whose study works were used as reference in this study. iii Table of Content Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................ III Table Of Content........................................................................................................................... IV Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... VI Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................... VII Lists Of Figures.......................................................................................................................... VIII Lists Of Tables .............................................................................................................................. IX 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .................................................................................... 3 1.3 RATIONALE OF THE STUDY ......................................................................................... 6 2. Review Of Literatures ............................................................................................................. 7 2.1 MAGNITUDE OF REFUGEES AND THEIR FERTILITY LEVEL AND INTENTION ................ 7 2.2 FERTILITY DDETERMINANTS ........................................................................................ 9 2.3 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ................................................................................ 11 2.4 MIGRATION AND FERTILITY THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ........................................ 13 2.5 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK........................................................................................ 15 2.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ............................................................................................... 15 3. Objective Of The Study ......................................................................................................... 16 3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................. 16 4. Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 17 4.1 STUDY DESIGN AND PERIOD ...................................................................................... 17 4.2 STUDY AREA .............................................................................................................. 17 4.3 SOURCE POPULATION ................................................................................................. 18 4.4 STUDY POPULATION ................................................................................................... 18 4.5 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION .................................................................................. 19 4.6 SAMPLING PROCEDURE .............................................................................................. 19 4.7 DATA COLLECTION .................................................................................................... 21 4.8 MEASUREMENTS AND VARIABLES ............................................................................. 21 4.9 DATA QUALITY MANAGEMENT .................................................................................. 22 4.10 DATA CLEANING AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 23 5. Ethical Considerations ........................................................................................................... 27 6. Communication Of Findings ................................................................................................. 27 7. Operational Definitions ......................................................................................................... 27 8. Results ................................................................................................................................... 30 8.1 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................... 30 8.2. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................. 33 8.2.1. Descriptive Analysis Of Current Fertility Level ..................................................... 33 8.2.2. Contraceptive Methods ........................................................................................... 36 8.2.3. Mean Children Ever Born ...................................................................................... 39 8.2.4. Descriptive Analysis Of Desired Fertility .............................................................. 44 iv 8.2.5 The Bongaarts Model Application: Analysis Of Proximate Determinants Of Fertility ............................................................................................................................. 47 8.2.6 Analysis Of Socio-Demographic Variables Effect On Women Refugees Fertility . 49 9. Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 52 9.1. CURRENT FERTILITY ...................................................................................................... 52 9.2. DESIRED FERTILITY ........................................................................................................ 57 9.3. PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY ................................................................... 60 9.4. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES INFLUENCE ON REFUGEES FERTILITY...................... 62 9. Strength And Limitation Of The Study ................................................................................. 66 STRENGTH ............................................................................................................................. 66 LIMITATION ........................................................................................................................... 66 10. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 67 11. Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 69 12. List Of References ............................................................................................................
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