Godwrestling: Physicality, Conflict, and Redemption in Mormon Doctrine
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SUNSTONE By seeing Jacob’s all-night wrestling match through the lenses provided by other accounts of revolutionary grappling experiences and spiritual rebirth, we can learn much about the role of physicality in our spiritual lives. GODWRESTLING: PHYSICALITY, CONFLICT, AND REDEMPTION IN MORMON DOCTRINE By Rick Jepson AM A WRESTLER OF GREAT ENTHUSIASM AND Jacob’s struggle and tried to emulate it in dealing with their moderate ability. In traveling to tournaments and own trials. I making acquaintances from all over the world, I’ve fre- quently been asked tongue-in-cheek what it is about A LEGENDARY STRUGGLE Mormonism that produces such great wrestlers. The two standout wrestlers in recent Olympics, Cael Sanderson and ACOB’S STORY IS familiar. After twice deceiving his Rulon Gardner, are both LDS. So is Larry Owings, who beat brother, Jacob had fled for his life and taken refuge Dan Gable thirty-two years earlier in what many regard as the J with his uncle. Two wives, two concubines, twelve best college wrestling match of all time. Some say the second sons, one daughter, and twenty years of servitude later, best was when Mark Schultz, another Mormon, beat Ed he was returning home. But word came that Esau was riding Banach in 1982. At a seminar I once attended, Schultz joked out to meet him with an army of four hundred. Fearing his that if someone wants to be a great wrestler, he should join the brother’s revenge, Jacob remained behind but sent his family Church. across the river Jabbock bearing gifts. Then a stranger ap- A year ago, I began looking to see if there might be some- peared who wrestled Jacob through the night. Although his thing connecting these athletes with the first renowned hip was dislocated during the bout, the soon-to-be prophet fi- Mormon wrestler, Joseph Smith—and perhaps even to the ob- nally won and refused to release his opponent until he identi- scure Old Testament story of Jacob wrestling all night with an fied himself and gave a blessing. angel. Because I wasn’t aware of the treasures hidden in the And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man Genesis account, I wasn’t looking for anything particularly with him until the breaking of the day. And when he profound. My original focus in examining Jacob’s match was saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the just on period wrestling styles. But that quickly changed as I hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob’s thigh came to better understand the key role his legendary wrestle was out of joint, as he wrestled with him. played in transforming him from rascal to prophet. Some have And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And even speculated that the way he proved himself in the match, he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me. both to himself and God, led to his having his calling and elec- And he said unto him, What is thy name? And he tion made sure (see sidebar, page 20). Afterward, he limped said, Jacob. And he said, Thy name shall be called no away as Israel—the Godwrestler—father to a chosen nation.1 more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power Rabbis, theologians, and scholars have all identified with with God and with men, and hast prevailed. And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray RICK JEPSON is a nursing student at Utah Valley State thee, thy name. And he said, Wherefore is it that thou College in Orem, Utah. He is married with two dost ask after my name? And he blessed him there. children. He trains and competes in several styles of And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for I wrestling. He presented an early version of this article at have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved. the 2005 Salt Lake Sunstone Symposium (tape SL05–154). And as he passed over Penuel the sun rose upon him, PAGE 18 NOVEMBER 2005 SUNSTONE and he halted upon his thigh. (Genesis 32:24–31) SPIRITUAL PHYSICALITY Many biblical commentaries disregard Jacob’s story, as- suming it’s either a fabrication or an adaptation from an earlier WAS A green missionary in Boston when the Church myth. The Genesis narrative is not unique in ancient literature, celebrated the 150th anniversary of the pioneers en- in which wrestling legends abound. The oldest known human I tering the Salt Lake Valley. Caught up in the prevailing writing includes the Sumerian saga of Gilgamesh, who sentimentality, I was surprised when a ward member down- changed from tyrant to hero after an epic wrestling match played the struggles of the Martin Handcart Company. “It’s not against the demigod Enkido.2 Both Hercules3 and Samson out- the physical trials that are hard,” she contended. “Anyone can wrestled lions, which Brazilian grapplers commemorate with a cross the plains—what’s hard is keeping spiritual command- devastating choke called Mata Leão—or “lion killer.” And ments.” Hercules went on to My calling prevented throw and pin several any arguing with her, magical opponents.4 but I disagreed with her Early Christian writers then and still do today. I describe Job as a wrestler believe physical events who “threw his oppo- are spiritual. Our doc- nent in every wrestling trine suggests as much: bout.”5 Mohammed “There is no such thing bested a disbeliever to as immaterial matter. All prove his prophetic spirit is matter” (D&C status.6 Even J.R.R. Tol- 131:7). All of our “spiri- kien’s modern creation tual” experiences have myth, The Silmarilion— physical components. which some call an Old And if our spiritual ex- Testament to the Lord of periences are all phys- the Rings—has a god ical, it follows that the who “delights in wrest- reverse is also true—our ling and in contests of physical lives are inti- strength.”7 mately connected to our This ubiquity of an- spiritual lives. LDS no- cient wrestling myths tions differ from stan- makes Jacob’s struggle dard Christian vitalism, hard to take at face where the physical is value, but the story’s something different and fairy tale qualities are beneath the spiritual. even more problematic. We Latter-day Saints His opponent’s plea for have largely ignored the release before sunrise uniqueness of spiritual seems more appropriate physicality in our the- for a haunting vampire ology.11 But it’s still than a wrestling angel.8 there. It’s spelled out, To some critics, his re- and it’s supported by our fusal to divulge his name “JACOB WRESTLING WITH THE ANGEL” BY GUSTAVE DORÉ scriptures, our history, sounds like a Rumpel- and our daily affairs. It’s stiltskin-type tale.9 The location suggests to others the echo of why we benefit spiritually from physical adherence to the a Canaanite river god story.10 Even among those who accept Word of Wisdom. It’s why we go without food once a month. the scriptural veracity of the meeting, the match is most often It’s why in preparing to meet God, the brother of Jared carried interpreted allegorically. his sixteen stones up the tallest mountain he could find.12 It’s Whether or not the Jacob story is accurate history, I believe why Martin Handcart survivors never left the gospel.13 And it’s we have to read it as such to grasp its depth. We must visualize why Brigham Young said that prayer is great, but warm pota- Jacob grappling all night, much of it with a busted hip, or we’ll toes and pudding are better.14 miss the meaning. The author wants us to read it literally, and The scriptures contain many examples of spiritual physi- with good reason. Wrestling is hard. You can hardly breathe, cality, and athletic skill has historically been a qualification for your muscles burn, and you ache to give up. It takes soul to leadership. After the burly prophet Elijah beat Baal’s priests in stay in the match—an internal drive not to quit. It’s enough to a contest of Gods, he dishonored the pagan king by outrun- instigate the kind of change that we see in Jacob. ning his chariot.15 Egyptian pharaohs demonstrated their fit- NOVEMBER 2005 PAGE 19 SUNSTONE “Calling and Election” cance. It was an important part of the anatomy in Jacob’s world, a place where oaths were formalized.6 Abraham’s ser- N A 1998 ENSIGN ARTICLE, ANDREW SKINNER vant had put his hand under the patriarch’s thigh when suggests that Jacob might have received assurance of making a promise (Genesis 24:2–4). And Jacob later requests I his calling and election after the all-night wrestling the same of his favored son, Joseph (Genesis 47:29–31). In bout.1 This claim piqued my interest because of my own un- the Revelation of John, we read that Christ will return with certainty about this doctrine. A deeper investigation clarified “KING OF KING, AND LORD OF LORDS” written on his thigh for me that while it flies somewhat (Revelation 19:16). While Jacob’s below the radar, the notion of having overall encounter may differ greatly one’s “calling and election made sure” is from contemporary temple ordinances, a bona fide LDS doctrine, authenticated a similarity in these basic elements is throughout our canon and literature. In suggestive of an endowing experience.7 fact, the month of my birth, the Ensign It’s important to note that Jacob published a comprehensive article wasn’t perfect after his wrestling match about calling and election.2 The author, and subsequent blessing.