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G L O S S a R I O T I B E T A
G L O S S A R I O T I B E T A N O TRASLITTERAZIONE E PRONUNCIA DELL’ ALFABETO TIBETANO A A ; E aperta, se nella stessa sillaba è seguita dalla finale D, Æ, L, N, ¹, S AI E lunga chiusa A’I E lunga aperta, con l’eventuale aggiunta di una I brevissima AU O lunga chiusa B B ; U semivocale, nella sillaba “ba” isolata ; o in una sillaba che comincia per “dba”; o se è preceduta da sillaba (della stessa parola) terminante con vocale, L,Ó,R,’ MUTA, se – iniziale - è seguita da consonante diversa da H,R,Y; nonché nelle sillabe “dbe,dbi,dbo,dbu” BR D pronunciata simultaneamente a una debole R con la lingua contro il palato BY G dolce di “gelo” Y, se nella stessa sillaba è preceduta da D C C dolce di “cece” D D ; MUTA, se – iniziale – è seguita da consonante diversa da H,R,W,Y; oppure se è finale Æ D con la lingua rivolta all’indietro contro il palato DR D pronunciata simultaneamente a una debole R con la lingua contro il palato DW D DZ Z dolce di “bazza“ E E chiusa ; sovente I breve quasi E (ingl. tin), quando è finale di sillaba. G G dura di “gatto“; MUTA, se – iniziale - è seguita da consonante diversa da H,R,W,Y scarsamente udibile, se è finale oppure se si trova nella finale GS GR D pronunciata simultaneamente a una debole R con la lingua contro il palato GW G dura di “gatto” H H aspirata come nell’ingl. -
6 Dzongs of Bhutan - Architecture and Significance of These Fortresses
6 Dzongs of Bhutan - Architecture and Significance of These Fortresses Nestled in the great Himalayas, Bhutan has long been the significance of happiness and peace. The first things that come to one's mind when talking about Bhutan are probably the architectures, the closeness to nature and its strong association with the Buddhist culture. And it is just to say that a huge part of the country's architecture has a strong Buddhist influence. One such distinctive architecture that you will see all around Bhutan are the Dzongs, they are beautiful and hold a very important religious position in the country. Let's talk more about the Dzongs in Bhutan. What are the Bhutanese Dzongs? Wangdue Phodrang Dzong in Bhutan (Source) Dzongs can be literally translated to fortress and they represent the majestic fortresses that adorn every corner of Bhutan. Dzong are generally a representation of victory and power when they were built in ancient times to represent the stronghold of Buddhism. They also represent the principal seat for Buddhist school responsible for propagating the ideas of the religion. Importance of Dzongs in Bhutan Rinpung Dzong in Paro, home to the government administrative offices and monastic body of the district (Source) The dzongs in Bhutan serve several purposes. The two main purposes that these dzongs serve are administrative and religious purposes. A part of the building is dedicated for the administrative purposes and a part of the building to the monks for religious purposes. Generally, this distinction is made within the same room from where both administrative and religious activities are conducted. -
Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project
Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites Department of Culture Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs. Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs Page 1 Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Name of the Project: Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Location: Gasa Project Duration: March 2014- June 2018 Main Objectives of the Project: To conserve and rehabilitate Gasa Dzong as a significant heritage site in the country To consolidate and rehabilitate the Dzong structure while maintaining the authentic values associated with this important heritage site To create better living standard for the Dzong residents To build new Drasha for the monks , as the Dzong significantly lacks the capacity to accommodate the growing number of monks. Main activities of the Project: Historical research and documentation of the Dzong Conservation and rehabilitation of the existing Dzong structure Overall site development of the Dzong complex including renovation of courtyard, footpath, walls and entrance gate New construction of Tshokhang and Drasha- five blocks with RCC toilets Installation of firefighting system Publication of the Gasa Dzong Conservation Project Funding Agency: Government of India- For the renovation of Dzong Structure Royal Government of Bhutan- For New Construction of Drasha Total allocated budget in 11thFYP (March 24, 2014- June 2018) Nu. 100 million- from GoI Nu. 66.75 million (as per the estimate)- Royal Government of Bhutan Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs Page 2 Gasa Tashithongmoen Dzong Conservation Project Executing Agency of the Project: The Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs is the main executing agency of the Project. -
Dorje Lingpa and His Rediscovery of the “Gold Needle” in Bhutan
Dorje Lingpa and His Rediscovery of the “Gold Needle” in Bhutan Samten G. Karmay1 Introduction Among the Buddhist ritual traditions that are still preserved and carried out as the central religious constituents of the annual festivals in Bhutan today those of Dorje Lingpa (1346-1405) stand out strikingly. This is particularly so in Bumthang area, Central Bhutan. In 1998 and 1999, I have had the good fortune to witness these spectacular festivals in Ogyen chöling and, in 1999, at Jampa Lhakhang in Bumthang itself. Dorje Lingpa is considered as one of the five great “treasure revealers” (tertön) among the Nyingmapa and an important Dzogchen master by the Bonpo tradition. He was thus an exceptional figure who clearly adopted an impartial approach to both Buddhist practices and the Bon, the non-Buddhist religious tradition in Tibet, in his spiritual quest. His approach therefore made him the precursor of what is later known as the “eclectic” (rime) movement of the nineteenth century (Smith 1970). Like many other Tibetan men of religion, Dorje Lingpa never settled himself in one place. He travelled around incessantly carried away by the motivation of disclosing hidden manuscripts and it was mainly because of this urge in him that he travelled to Bhutan, then known as Mönyul or Lhomön (Cf. Pommaret 1999), where he flourished particularly. He had left in Bhutan not only his ritual legacy but also his family descendants. 1 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 1 Journal of Bhutan Studies Due to the studies of Michael Aris (1979: 158) and Françoise Pommaret (1997: 408, 414), the accounts of Dorje Lingpa’s descendants who established themselves there as well as those of his reincarnations are now relatively well known. -
Vajrayāna Buddhism in the Modern World
Vajrayāna Buddhism in the Modern World Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Vajrayāna Buddhism, 28-30 March 2018, Thimphu, Bhutan དཔལ་འབག་ཞབ་འཇག་ལ་བ། Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH Copyright © Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH All rights reserved Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH Langjophakha, Thimphu Phone: 975-2-321005, 321007 Fax: 975-2-321001 Post Box No. 1111 [email protected] www.bhutanstudies.org.bt www.grossnationalhappiness.com First published in 2018 ISBN 978-99980-35-00-3 Preface The Second International Conference on Vajrayāna Buddhism was held from 28-30 March 2018 at Thimphu, Bhutan. The conference was organized jointly by the Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH (CBS) and the Central Monastic Body. More than 200 participants from about 30 countries took part in the conference besides the local participants. Vajrayāna Conference is a part of the several national events organised to celebrate the 50th anniversary of peace- ful diplomatic relation between the Royal Government of Bhutan and the Government of India. India and Bhutan share many common values and a rich history. Buddhism is one of the most exemplary aspects of this shared heritage. India gave rise to one of the greatest civilizations of humankind, and Buddhism is certainly one of India’s greatest gifts to the world. The papers included in this publication cover a wide range of themes, including Vajrayāna Buddhism’s role in the modern world, the application of Vajrayāna Buddhism in health and education, its interface with modern science, women in Vajrayāna, and Vajrayāna’s evolution and development in various countries. -
Fringes of Bhutan a Photography Journey | April 20 to May 5, 2018
The Wild East -Fringes of Bhutan A Photography Journey | April 20 to May 5, 2018 Since spending a month in Bhutan as a guest of the Queen a decade ago, I have traveled to many places in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and yet when people ask me the most beautiful country I've visited. I never hesitate to tell them Bhutan. A country, as you may know, created the concept of Gross National Happiness which is evident in the safeguarding of their culture and shepherding of their environment. The landscape is breathtaking, the dzongs aesthetically beautiful, and the Bhutanese culture rich and sustaining. A trip to Bhutan will be very high on your list as one of the most memorable trips of your lifetime and you will also return with images that will clearly show how you have become a better photographer. With the advent of digital photography, everyone has become a "photographer" yet there are few who really see and create images that are compelling and dynamic. During this trip, we will work with each other to help develop his or her unique vision and will culminate in a collection of images that will be visual gifts to us all. The Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan will provide an untouched paradise of astonishing landscapes, from thick pine-forested mountains surrounding sublime valleys against the backdrop of the majestic snow-capped Himalayas. Before departure, we will review each participants work, give feedback, and suggest each person write a short paragraph on what they like about photography, their purpose in making images, and what themes they want to express in their work. -
Chakzampa Thangtong Gyalpo
Chakzampa Thangtong Gyalpo Architect, Philosopher and Iron Chain Bridge Builder Manfred Gerner Translated from German by Gregor Verhufen དཔལ་འག་ཞབ་འག་ི ེ་བ། Thangtong Gyalpo: Architect, Philosopher and Iron Chain Bridge Builder Copyright ©2007 the Centre for Bhutan Studies First Published: 2007 The Centre for Bhutan Studies PO Box No. 1111 Thimphu, Bhutan Tel: 975-2-321005, 321111 Fax: 975-2-321001 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt ISBN 99936-14-39-4 Cover photo: Statue of Drupthob Thangtong Gyalpo, believed to have been made by Drupthob himself, is housed in a private lhakhang of Tsheringmo, Pangkhar village, Ura, Bumthang. Photo by Karma Ura, 2007. Block print of Thangtong Gyalpo in title page by Lauf, 1972. To His Majesty, the Druk Gyalpo of the Royal Kingdom of Bhutan, the Bhutanese people and the Incarnation Line of Chakzampa Thangtong Gyalpo. ནད་མ་འོངམ་ལས་རིམ་ོ། ་མ་འོངམ་ལས་ཟམ། Appease the spirits before they turn foes Build a bridge before the river swells Contents Preface ......................................................................................i I. Biographical notes on Thangtong Gyalpo ...................... 1 The King of the Empty Plains.............................................................. 1 Tibet of his times.................................................................................... 6 Thangtong Gyalpo’s journeys to Bhutan ........................................... 8 Fragments from his life’s work.......................................................... 12 Incarnation lineage............................................................................. -
Tibet: a History/Sam Van Schaik
1 2 3 4 5 6 TIBET 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 37R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 37R 1 2 3 4 SAM VAN SCHAIK 5 6 7 8 9 TIBET 10 A HISTORY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS 6 NEW HAVEN AND LONDON 37R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Copyright © 2011 Sam van Schaik 9 20 All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and 1 except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from the publishers. 2 For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please contact: 3 U.S. Office: [email protected] www.yalebooks.com 4 Europe Office: [email protected] www.yalebooks.co.uk 5 Set in Minion Pro by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd 6 Printed in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall 7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 8 9 Van Schaik, Sam. -
Post-Zhabdrung Era Migration of Kurmedkha Speaking People in Eastern Bhutan *
Post-Zhabdrung Era Migration of Kurmedkha Speaking People in Eastern Bhutan * Tshering Gyeltshen** Abstract Chocha Ngacha dialect, spoken by about 20,000 people, is closely related to Dzongkha and Chökey. It was Lam Nado who named it Kurmedkha. Lhuntse and Mongar dzongkhags have the original settlement areas of Kurmedkha speaking ancestors. Some families of this vernacular group migrated to Trashigang and Trashi Yangtse in the post-Zhabdrung era. The process of family migrations started in the 17th century and ended in the early part of the 20th century. This paper attempts to trace the origins of Kurmedkha speaking population who have settled in these two dzongkhags. Kurmedkha speakers and their population geography Bhutanese administrators and historians used the north- south Pelela mountain ridge as a convenient geographical reference point to divide the country into eastern and western regions. Under this broad division, Ngalop came to be regarded as inhabitants west of Pelela, and those living east of Pelela are known as Sharchop.1 The terms Sharchop and Ngalop naturally evolved out of common usage, mostly among * This paper is an outcome of my field visits to Eastern Bhutan in 2003. ** Senior Lecturer in Environmental Studies, Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan. 1 From the time of the first Zhabdrung until recent years, people of Kheng (Zhemgang), Mangdi (Trongsa), Bumthang, Kurtoe (Lhuntse), Zhongar (Mongar), Trashigang, Trashi Yangtse and Dungsam (Pema Gatshel and Samdrup Jongkhar) who live in east of Pelela were all known as Sharchop, meaning the Easterners or Eastern Bhutanese. However, word has lost its original meaning today. The natives who speak Tshanglakha or Tsengmikha are now called Sharchop. -
Lhuentse Dzongkhag Tourism Profiling
LHUENTSE Bhutan Chamber of Commerce & Industry Lhuentse Dzongkhag A Valley with Enchanting Legends, Myths, Histories and Culture Traveler’s Guide Published by: Research & Policy Department, Bhutan Chamber of Commerce & Industry Telephone No. +975 2 322742/324254, URL: www.bcci.org.bt & Planning Unit, Dzongkhag Administration, Lhuentse Telephone No. +975 4 545182, URL: www.lhuentse.gov.bt Year 2017 Layout & Design: ICT Division, BCCI MESSAGE FROM DZONGDAG, LHUENTSE DZONGKHAG The Lhuentse Dzongkhag has unexplored yet several potential tourist attractions spread across every Gewog. It is, therefore, with the aim of providing a clear guide in exploring and presenting these tourist attractions, we are pleased to collaborate with the BCCI (Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industry) in publishing this traveler’s guide titled, “A valley with enchanting legends, myths, histories and culture”. Hence, this valuable guidebook will definitely provide travel enthusiasts a clear portrait of potential tourist attractions in Lhuentse. This booklet details the historical background of the Dzongkhag and potential tour- ist destinations such as important local festivals and sacred places in the Dzongkhag. In nutshell, the Dzongkhag is blessed with the visit of numerous holy figures like Guru Rinpoche, Terton Pema Lingpa, Yongzin Ngagi Wangchuk, Khedrup Kuenga Wangpo, Lama Sonam Zangpo and many other sacred Drukpa Lamas in the past. It also takes pride in being the ancestral home of our beloved Kings with splendid Jigme Namgyel Nagtshang restored to its original grandeur. The Dzongkhag is en- riched with deep rooted tradition and culture with every Gewog endowed with its own unique local cultural festivals which are celebrated around the year. -
Sumtrhang Monastic Landscape: Ruins in Bhutan
Samten Yeshi SUMTRHANG MONASTIC LANDSCAPE: RUINS IN BHUTAN, THEIR SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES AND SUSTAINING THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN MODERN TIMES MA Thesis in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. CEU eTD Collection Central European University Budapest June 2019 SUMTRHANG MONASTIC LANDSCAPE: RUINS IN BHUTAN, THEIR SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES AND SUSTAINING THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN MODERN TIMES by Samten Yeshi (Bhutan) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner Budapest Month YYYY SUMTRHANG MONASTIC LANDSCAPE: RUINS IN BHUTAN, THEIR SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES AND SUSTAINING THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN MODERN TIMES by Samten Yeshi (Bhutan) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest Month YYYY SUMTRHANG MONASTIC -
Bhutan Cultural Atlas Acknowledgements
འ杴ག༌୲༌ལམ༌鮲ོལ༌ས༌། Bhutan Cultural ጅ Atlas Gasa Trashi Lhuntse Yangtse Punakha Bumthang Paro Thimphu Wangdue Trongsa Phodrang Haa Monggar Trashigang Tsirang Dagana Pema Samtse Sarpang Zhemgang Samdrup Chhukha Gatshel Jongkhar WWW.BHUTANCULTURALATLAS.ORG Project coordinators Ngawang Jamtsho, Dean of Research, ILCS, Royal University of Bhutan Tenzin Dorji, Acting Dean of Research, ILCS, Royal University of Bhutan Academic coordinator Francoise Pommaret, PhD, Director of Research, CNRS & Adjunct Professor, ILCS, Royal University of Bhutan 9 Audiovisual coordinator Yannick Jooris ILCS audiovisual unit Jamyang Tenzin ILCS Researchers Chencho Tshering Ngawang Jamtsho Sonam Jamtsho Choney Dorji Rinchen Dorji Tashi Dendup Dawa Zangmo Samten Tashi Tobgay Dechen Choney Sangay Phuntsho Tenzin Dargay Jigme Wangdi Sangay Phuntsho (K) Tenzin Dorji Karma Drupchu Sangay Thinley Kinzang Dorji Singye Wangchuk English editors Jude Polsky, ILCS lecturer Matt Robinson, ILCS lecturer Webmaster Li-Ping Ong Donors UNESCO - Delhi & UNESCO World Heritage Centre Oriental Cultural Heritage Sites Protection Alliance, France Implementing Agency The Institute of Language and Culture Studies, Taktse, Trongsa Royal University of Bhutan Layout & Printing Sonam Dorji, Kuensel Corporation Ltd., Thimphu, 2016 Copyrights ILCS - Royal University of Bhutan / Oriental Cultural Heritage Sites Protection Alliance ISBN 978-99936-771-7-8 NIO M O UN IM D R T IA A L • P • W L O A I R D L D N H O E M R I E TA IN G O E • PATRIM United Nations World Educational, Scientific and Heritage