Y441 Ca 1,, - Moo S1433,Esq° Vt Co Elci

Y441 Ca 1,,� - Moo� S1433,Esq°� Vt Co Elci

intended to show that new evidence assassinate him. for some time he and his protection, and some chased the fleeing unearthed since the final appeal in the case friends had assumed and said publicly that killers. By Alan Berger constitutes grounds for obtaining a new Black Muslims, under orders from Elijah Two men were saved from the mob by trial. Muhammad, were out to kill him. Malcolm policemen who had not been in the ballroom The assassination of Malcolm X thirteen One of the three men originally convicted. had heard rumors, he had seen signs. he had during the shooting. The first was "a thin- sears :Igo left in its wake a trail of Thomas Hagan, has now volunteered to received letters. But just before he went on lipped. olive-skinned, Latin-looking man" unanswered questions. Some of these were name four other men who acted with him in stage he had told his assistants waiting with whom eyewitnesses said was overcome by legal questions and some were larger, the murder. Hagan says that Thomas John- him in the anteroom offstage that he was pursuers in the hall after he had emptied a political questions. The standing legal ver- son and Norman Butler, the two men con- going to tell the audience that he had been gun into Malcolm's body. He was rescued dict on the assassination holds that three victed with him, are innocent. Attorney hasty to accuse the Black Muslims of bomb- from his pursuers by Patrolman Thomas men. forming a conspiracy, were guilty of Kunstler has submitted Hagan's affidavit ing his home. "Things have happened since Hoy. the ad. And since two of the three were well- along with another that includes the that are bigger than what they can do," In the morning edition of the next day's k row n Black Muslim "enforcers," the transcript of testimony given by police Malcolm said. "I know what they can do. New 1 ., ,rA Times an account was given of .-uhlie has m.,:epted the obvious implication undercover agent Gene Roberts, who Things have gone beyond that." Patrolman Hoy's actions "Patrolman that the murder was ordered. planned. demonstrated during a 1971 conspiracy trial As Malcolm stood behind the rostrum, Thomas !toy.. "22. said he had been stationed nd wined OU! solely by the Black Muslims of twenty-one Black Panthers in New York preparing to begin his talk, a scuffle broke outside the With Street entrance when as the et:mutation of that group's vendetta City that he had bees a bodyguard to out toward the back of the hall. There was heard the shooting and the place exploded .1....onst the :ini.state, Malcolm X. Malcolm X and possessed crucial knowl- an angry shout: "Nigger, get your hands out He rushed in, saw Malcolm lying on the Vet. in the last few days of his life, edge about Malcolm's murder which had of my pocket!" All heads turned to see what stage. and .grabbed a suspect' who he said ti•',1 people close to him that been withheld from the original trial. was happening — and to see who had some people were chasing. 'As I brought rc.cnt anent. had "led him to believe that -Nos far the media have given little atten- spoken this unforgivable word. Malcolm's him tit the front of the balkoom, the crowd t'ic plotters of his death were much bigger tion to the initial motions for retrial, but if bodyguards moved down from the stage began heating me and the suspect,' the Muslims Malcolm had what he Kunstler is successful in negotiating the toward the disturbance. Malcolm himseit Patrolman IYos said Ile said he put this ,:derecl sound reasons for this belief The successive legal stages leading to a new trial, stepped out froin behind the, podium and !min -.not •ttherwise identified later for ,•-etiou, summer he had been poisoned in then the American public and what is likely toward the front of the stage. "Hold it Iltild new sullen into a police car to be taken to douse room of the Cairo Hilton to become an international audience may be it! Don't get excited," Malcolm said. "I c: the Vy aitswiii-lb venue station." IC Lot,' was certain this exposed to a new chapter — and not the cool it. brothers." 1 he suspect arrested by Patrolman Hoy rot u,i: • the•Bla.k Muslims. he least damning — in the continually Then there was a muffled explosion at the never was identified. never appeared in ibis attempt on unfolding story of politically inspired rear of the hall and smoke from an incen- court. And was never seen nor heard about lute t.. the ( I \ I ess than two weeks criminal actions carried out by organiza- diary device rose into the air. A woman again Moreover, he already began to dis- fare `ts death, he was denied entry into tions that were established to, gather screamed. A man in one of the front rows appear from the afternoon (or late city) edi- I et as an "undesirable person," intelligence and to enforce the law. held asp a sawed-off shotgun and fired into tions of the New York newspapers within ,..tssittly because I rench officials feared he Malcolm's chest. the same day. The subhead for the timer .t mid he assassinated on French soil. A little after three o'clock on Sunday after- As Malcolm keeled over, two or three story was changed from the morning's Ma I, ■,1,1. .,..timed that these signs of danger noon, February 21, 1965. Malcolm X men were seen standing in the front row, "Police Hold Two for Questioning" to the w ere t 'it: inevitable consequence of his walked out onto the stage of the Audubon "like a firing squad," pumping bullets into afternoon's "One Is Held in Killing." roL:ic ditto to "internationalize" the situ- Ballroom on Broadway and 166th Street in him. After he had fallen the gunmen emp- A stor■ he Jimmy Breslin in the New .14111 0f black people in America by taking Manhattan, across the street from the tied their revolvers into the inert hods- "rA Ifera,,i tribune suffered a similar ii,eir case the l'nited Nations. • . Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center. He Now• there was chaos in the ballroom. editorial change. The subhead for the morn- the assassination itself and the trial that came up behind the rostrum and gave the Women and young children shrieked. ing edition of Breslin's account said, "Police tMloued almoSt a year later produced a crowd of about 400 people the Islamic Mothers sad fathers pulled their children to Rescue I wo Suspects." Breslin had original- myriad of disturbing indications_ that two greeting As-salarun alaikinn. To those who the floor and lay over them. Betts Shabazz, ls told his readers that "the other suspect innocent men were convicted and that knew him, Malcolm appeared tense and Malcolm's wife, looked to the safety of her was taken to the Wadsworth Avenue tirdercmer agents of the New York Police tired. He was showing the strain of the past four children trod then rushed forward ti the precinct. where the city's top policemen Force and the FBI may have played an few weeks, a time during which his house stage, shouting. "They're killing my hus- immediately converged and began one of the instrumental role in the case. • had been fire-bombed with his wife and four band!" heaviest homicide investigations this city has Nttornes William Kunstler has recently children in it and he had received several Some men threw themselves on the floor, ever seen.- In the next edition of the Tribune submitted affidavits to a New York court warnings of-an imminent attempt to some tried to use the literature tables for (the late city edition) the subhead was

ewrfvM • ors sr The Real Paw Inc Y441 ca 1,, - moo S1433,esq° vt Co eLci

()6,;-,. 21, t5-4,15

---

and the public both to to both public the and

papers, it was seductively easy for the press press the for easy seductively was it papers,

part holy war and part gang war could sell sell could war gang part and war holy part

the titillating concept of a conflict that was was that conflict a of concept titillating the

was accepted public knowledge, and because because and knowledge, public accepted was

American Unity and the Nation of Islam Islam of Nation the and Unity American

between Malcolm's Organization of Afro- of Organization Malcolm's between

dangerous ex-convicts. Because the feud feud the Because ex-convicts. dangerous

irrational fringe - groups composed of of composed groups - fringe irrational

the story was of a religious religious a of was story the

rare mentions. the newspaper slant given to to given slant newspaper the mentions. rare

days after the murder and use gasoline to set set to gasoline use and murder the after days

fire to the Muslim building. With only some some only With building. Muslim the to fire

Muslim's Harlem Mosque less than two two than less Mosque Harlem Muslim's

- a warning shot into the air to drive Hagan's Hagan's drive to air the into shot warning a - was was

Despite heavy polise protection, an arsonist arsonist an protection, polise heavy Despite

leader. the honorable 1 honorable the leader.

between Maleoim X and his former spintual spintual former his and X Maleoim between

press gate much coverage to the feud feud the to coverage much gate press

their police car and drove him away away him drove and car police their

attackers hack and then hustled him into into him hustled then and hack attackers

and beaten by a crowd. The policemen fired fired policemen The crowd. a by beaten and

go!

Hagan by the arms. Hagan was being kicked kicked being was Hagan arms. the by Hagan

• •

shot!' and 'Get 'im. get 'Om don't let him him let don't 'Om get 'im. 'Get and shot!'

pushing out and screaming 'Malcolm's been been 'Malcolm's screaming and out pushing

Sergeant Aronoff. The crowds were were crowds The Aronoff. Sergeant

rushing out into the street According to to According street the into out rushing

front of the ballroom entrance, saw people people saw entrance, ballroom the of front

happened to be cruising past the Audubon in in Audubon the past cruising be to happened their patrol car. The officers, on arriving in in arriving on officers, The car. patrol their

Aronoff and Patrolman Louis Angelos, who who Angelos, Louis Patrolman and Aronoff

stood trial and was convicted. He was first first was He convicted. was and trial stood taken into custody by Sergeant Alvin Alvin Sergeant by custody into taken --1,211111111

Prison with a bullet in his leg, was identified,' identified,' was leg, his in bullet a with Prison Thomas Hagan was taken to Bellevue Bellevue to taken was Hagan Thomas

but his capture was in no other way a rescue. rescue. a way other no in was capture his but

may have also been rescued from a beating, beating, a from rescued been also have may

In the aftermath of the 'assassination the the 'assassination the of aftermath the In

Avenue station house. house. station Avenue

Patrolman Hoy brought to the Wadsworth Wadsworth the to brought Hoy Patrolman

eliminate any any eliminate

Suspect." And the piece had been edited to to edited been had piece the And Suspect." changed to read, "Police Rescue One One Rescue "Police read, to changed

able to climb onto the roof of the Black Black the of roof the onto climb to able

— —

The second man captured by the police police the by captured man second The

The policemen grabbed Thomas Thomas grabbed policemen The

reference reference

accept accept

lnah Muhammad. Muhammad. lnah

war war

the assumption assumption the

at all to the man man the to all at

. .

between two two between

ple. I never will be guilty of that again — as as — again that of guilty be will never I ple.

I know now that some while people people while some that now know I

made sweeping indictments of of indictments sweeping made

American reporters: "In the past, yes, I have have I yes, past, the "In reporters: American , America up the suicide path, I do believe, believe, do I path, suicide the up America , return from that first trip abroad he told told he abroad trip first that from return

to." In an airport news conference after his his after conference news airport an In to."

the disaster that racism inevitably must lead lead must inevitably racism that disaster the

— the only only the —

them will turn to the the to turn will them

the handwriting on the wall and many of of many and wall the on handwriting the

tion, in the colleges and universities, will see see will universities, and colleges the in tion,

them, that the whites of the younger genera- younger the of whites the that them,

from the experiences that I have had with with had have I that experiences the from

hundred years of the conscious racism of the the of racism conscious the of years hundred American whites. But as racism leads leads racism as But whites. American

If there is a a is there If

animosities — he is 'only reacting to few few to reacting 'only is he — animosities

Negro never can be blamed- for his racial racial his for blamed- be can never Negro

between black and white. The American American The white. and black between

insight into what is happening in America America in happening is what into insight

Holy Land enables me to have greater greater have to me enables Land Holy

the press, he wrote: "Each hour hour "Each wrote: he press, the

letter to his followers, much publicized in in publicized much followers, his to letter

returned from his pilgrimage to Mecca. In a a In Mecca. to pilgrimage his from returned

known change in Malcolm's ideas after he he after ideas Malcolm's in change known

gather intelligence and eriorie the kita kita the eriorie and intelligence gather

violence. violence.

turns on itself and the violente that spawns spawns that violente the and itself on turns

both editorialized airily about hatred that that hatred about airily editorialized both

Malcolm X. The The X. Malcolm killed close, Muslims, Black the that

inspired criminal actions carried out by by out carried actions criminal inspired

organizations that u established to to established u that organizations

exposed to another chapter in the con- con- the in chapter another to exposed

The editorials appeared despite the well- the despite appeared editorials The

and an international audience may be be may audience international an and

tinually unfolding story of politically politically of story unfolding tinually

way left to America to ward off off ward to America to left way

spiritual spiritual

Times Times

new new

all all

and the the and

path of of path

white peo- white

are are

here here

trial, the American public public American the trial,

truly truly

malt malt

Tribute* Tribute*

in the the in

have the names of five Black Muslims who who Muslims Black five of names the have

marked for death in the next five days. I I days. five next the in death for marked

Malcolm told a close associate, "I hate been been hate "I associate, close a told Malcolm

fatal meeting at the Audubon Ballroom - Ballroom Audubon the at meeting fatal

February I& 1965 — five days before days five — 1965 I& February

Malcolm X X Malcolm

doesn't know the Muslims in the Nation of of Nation the in Muslims the know doesn't

Islam." Islam."

know that they have their orders. Anyone Anyone orders. their have they that know who chooses not to believe what I am saying saying am I what believe to not chooses who

me. I have said publicly many times that I I that times many publicly said have I me.

move I make, awaiting their chance to kill kill to chance their awaiting make, I move

Alex Haley, "black men arc watching every every watching arc men "black Haley, Alex

tion, or attending to other business." be told told be business." other to attending or tion,

speeches, holding meetings of my organiza- my of meetings holding speeches,

In his epilogue to to epilogue his In

days of his life, believed and said that the the that said and believed life, his of days

Muslims were out to kill him. him. kill to out were Muslims

tainly Malcolm, right up until the last few few last the until up right Malcolm, tainly

former brothers in the Nation of Warn? Cer- Warn? of Nation the in brothers former

Malcolm was Ellled for a renegade by his his by renegade a for Ellled was Malcolm

about the widespread assumption that that assumption widespread the about

been either careless or vicious, but what what but vicious, or careless either been

blacks." blacks."

ment of all white people is as wrong as as wrong as is people white all of ment whites make blanket indictments against against indictments blanket make whites

brotherly toward a black man. The true true The man. black a toward brotherly Islam has shown me that a blanket indict- blanket a that me shown has Islam

sincere. that some truly are capable of being being of capable are truly some that sincere.

"In any city, wherever I go, making making go, I wherever city, any "In

So the editorials about hatred may have have may hatred about editorials the So

Haley reports that on Tuesday. Tuesday. on that reports Haley

The .4utohlography .4utohlography The

w"111111111 w"111111111

, ,

the the

of of

when when

human rights provision of the UN charter. charter. UN the of provision rights human

Nations fur American violations of the the of violations American fur Nations

before the General Assembly of the United United the of Assembly General the before

countries should arraign the United States States United the arraign should countries

President Azikiwe of Nigeria — that their their that — Nigeria of Azikiwe President

Uganda. President Nasser of Egypt and and Egypt of Nasser President Uganda.

Tanrania. Prime Minister Obute of of Obute Minister Prime Tanrania.

1st:fly:Ma of Kenya. President Nyerere of of Nyerere President Kenya. of 1st:fly:Ma

President Tours: of Guinea. Prime Minister Minister Prime Guinea. of Tours: President

men such such men he'd made on a precious visit to Africa -- -- Africa to visit precious a on made he'd

conference to persuade the powerful friends friends powerful the persuade to conference

Cairo to address a summit conference of of conference summit a address to Cairo

African prime ministers lie had come to the the to come had lie ministers prime African

Muhammad. Its July 1464 Malcolm was in in was Malcolm 1464 July Its Muhammad. Harlem and tar from the reach of Mr. Elijah Elijah Mr. of reach the from tar and Harlem

attcwris l‘ of already been made made been already of l‘ attcwris

first aliempi on his life. life. his on aliempi first dolt n in the the in n dolt

Earlier that year he had told a press eon- eon- press a told had he year that Earlier

"I he assassination carried out so bra/enly by by bra/enly so out carried assassination he "I

the the

happened since that are bigger than what what than bigger are that since happened thes can it it can thes

Muslims.

audience in the Nudubiln Ballroom that he he that Ballroom Nudubiln the in audience

understand w hts Malcolm intended to tell his his tell to intended Malcolm hts w understand

arguing in the courts. it is first necessary to to necessary first is it courts. the in arguing

for a retrial that Vs tlliam Kunstler will he he will Kunstler tlliam Vs that retrial a for understand the main thrust of the motions motions the of thrust main the understand

agents of the Nation of Islam. But to to But Islam. of Nation the of agents

to believe that the kilkrs would be acting as as acting be would kilkrs the that believe to

to think that he was marked for death, and and death, for marked was he that think to

Angeles and ("Imago. ("Imago. and Angeles not only in New York, but also in Los Los in also but York, New in only not

weeks of his life hs Muslims he recognized. recognized. he Muslims hs life his of weeks

followed and threatened during the last three three last the during threatened and followed

The The

have been chosen to kill me. I will announce announce will I me. kill to chosen been have

them them

irws irws

Thus there was ample reason for Malcolm Malcolm for reason ample was there Thus

Haley also describes Malcolm being being Malcolm describes also Haley

l !se l

first first

at at

as as

rse rse

- -

the meeting." meeting." the

mid ohs he said. "things have have "things said. he ohs mid

n Ilist) to accuse the Black Black the accuse to Ilist) n

President Nkrumah of fihana. fihana. of Nkrumah President

Aif these took place far from from far place took these Aif

ii one het het one ii

\ iiitilhon Hailroom was not the the not was Hailroom iiitilhon \

I know what they can do. do. can they what know I

that gunned Malcolm Malcolm gunned that

mid that.'' that.'' mid

\t \t

least twit other other twit least

I I

In page t:tr t:tr page In

Allilli1111.

(Continued from page 151 Malcolm X

opposition to South Africa's apartheid, and

day if it were not for United States support.

don't realize that Verwoerd and Salazar, and Britain and France, never could last a

to the oppression in the Portuguese territories. But you waste your time if you ference in Ghana: "All of Africa unites in So until you expose the man in Washington,

D.C., you haven't accomplished anything."

Kennedy Airport. upon returning from his black man needed to recognize that he strong airtight case to take the United

American reporters that the American first trip to Africa. Malcolm had told

precedent cases. then there would he no easy States before the United Nations on a for-

sured, right on mal accusation of 'denial of human rights' mate at the Hilton. Detroit lawyer and civil Cairo Hilton's main dining room. His room- address the summit conference, Malcolm

vvay that the 1..5 could escape being cen- — and that if Angola and South Africa were pumped out, cleaned out thoroughly, and rights activist Milton Henry, said. "He

was poisoned while eating dinner. in the to the hospital in a hurry. His stomach was would have died if he hadn't been able to get

got immediate treatment."

afterwards, he would have died if he had not that saved him. But as Malcolm

analyzed and found to contain a "toxic sub-

At a press conference

On July 23, 1964.

The food pumped from his stomach was

1111111

its own home ground.

r1=Etrt:t-

the day before he was to

NC%

York's

i had

' said

11.

poisoning was ruled out- by doctors.

deli meirwere all around him in Cairo." stance."

mode

poisoning in Cairo. "He told me that he felt who paid for his first trip to that the CIA was definitely responsible for it. After that he was Makolm's half-sister, Mrs. Ella Collins, Malcolm, but the waiter had vanished. Cairo discussing his UN project with the responsible for the poisoning was refused the food. He never had any proof, of another occasion, there was an affair given Malcolm told Milton Henry: "Somebody interest in Africa, said Malcolm told her about the requests were rebuffed, however, both by the the delegates. The Embassy's diplomatic course, but he always felt sure somehow that in his honor in Addis Ababa, and in observ- ing the waiter he got a leery feeling and •

organizers. In a means to prevent Malcolm from addressing he had by-passed another poisoning." Malcolm emphasized "the fact that CIA wrote: before the conference the American founded on mere intuition. For some time Justice Department have begun to take an African ministers, reporter M. S. Handler Embassy in Cairo tried by quiet diplomatic

August 13. 1964, while Malcolm was still in African states to raise the question of Egyptian government and by the conference

■

•••

In discussing the poisoning with Henry,

Malcolm's certainty that the CIA

•

■

ieratdy

to locate the waiter wbo had served

"The State Department and the

The possibility ofgtatuitoua food

Malcolm's campaign to convince

poisoned me.". An effort was

New York Times

very

careful,

Mecca and

In fact, on

article of

was

not

South Africa, Hungary and other countries

here only recently. After studying it, critics of the United States, Communist and would find itself in the same category as the United• States government would be debating issues at the United Nations. The officials said that ilMalcolm succeeded in convincing just one African government to requesting their support became available persecution of American Negroes at the

States has asserted for itself as the leader non-Communist, and contribute to the undermining of the position the United promises of support in bringing our plight issue, officials say, would be of service to whose domestic policies have become bring up the charge at the United Nations, the beads of state at the Cairo conference interest in Makolm's activities is obvious, before the UN this year.' ... United Nations.... confided in friends that he. has been under Malcolm wrote: 1 have gotten the West in the advocacy of human rights. that of the Justice Department is shrouded faced with a touchy problem. constant surveillance in New York by the implacable leader with deep roots in she that Malcolm might have succeeded.... intelligence section of the New York Police Negro submerged classes . (Malcolm) has in discretion. Malcolm is regarded as an

Federal Bureau of Investigation and by the

"Malcolm's eight-page memorandum to "The United States, officials here believe,

"Officials here conceded the possibility

"Although the State Department's "In a letter from Cairo to a friend,

•

several

other than the Black Muslims was out to kill The incident that persuaded Malcolm in the him was not the Cairo poisoning, but rather another ominous event that took place Department...." beyond the borders of the United States.

not be permitted to speak and, moreover, to Paris, where he was scheduled to address the Congress of African Students. In his epilogue to Malcolm's autobiography Alex final days before his death that someone barred forever from France as' an that he could consider Haley -rc,..ounts the unexpected reception 'undesirable person.' fie was asked to leave Malcolni got from the French officials. claims of big-power autonomy. Neverthe- less. this is what Malcolm believed. "I was so he told students meant compromising both France's post-

France of Charles De Gaulle would comply — and he did, fuming with indignation." shocked when they told me Department -- especially when to do so over the telephone from London. "They Algerian image of tolerance and her Gaullist

didn't give me any excuse for it. I believe the State Department is responsible." know, I'm going to tell you last conversation the two

brother — the more I keep thinking about

together, he told Alex Haley, "...

Twelve days before he died, Malcolm flew

The day before he was murdered, in the It was hard to believe in 1964 that the .. He was formally atk vied that

abiectly with a political whim of the State

the Congress in Paris

himself

men Were to have

I couldn't land,"

something,

officially

would

You

pressed African delegates to condemn condemn to delegates African pressed

place toward the end of 1964. On January 2, 2, January On 1964. of end the toward place

York Times, Times, York

mounted against the United States during during States United the against mounted

ly responsible for the vituperative attacks attacks vituperative the for responsible ly

the General Assembly debates that took took that debates Assembly General the

1965, M. S. Handler, writing in the New New the in writing Handler, S. M. 1965, intervention. He was regarded as being part- being as regarded was He intervention.

to convince them to condemn the American American the condemn to them convince to

States intervened in the Congo's civil war, war, civil Congo's the in intervened States

demned for violations of human rights, but but rights, human of violations for demned

Malcolm lobbied with his African contacts contacts African his with lobbied Malcolm in November 1964, at the time the United United the time the at 1964, November in

promoting his plan for having America con- America having for plan his promoting

Nations. Not only had he made progress in in progress made he had only Not Nations.

ambassador of Afro-America to the United United the to Afro-America of ambassador

working diplomat, the self-appointed self-appointed the diplomat, working

tions to the United Nations..He frequented frequented Nations..He United the to tions

the UN delegates' lounge in the manner of a a of manner the in lounge delegates' UN the

developed what amounted to diplomatic diplomatic to amounted what developed

relationships with several African delega- African several with relationships

ly modulated French." French." modulated ly

own citizens now: he commented in elegant- in commented he now: citizens own

occasions, and possibly night have flown flown have night possibly and occasions, there after his expulsion from France. France. from expulsion his after there

because Malcolm had visited it on prior prior on it visited had Malcolm because

close relations with France, was so informed informed so was France, with relations close

its soil. soil. its

and France feared he might he liquidated on on liquidated he might he feared France and

of Alien Documentation and Counter- and Documentation Alien of

Espionage (the famous famous (the Espionage

that that

quietly informed by the French Department Department French the by informed quietly

country's intelligence apparatus had had apparatus intelligence country's

cions. According, to Norden. "This official, official, "This Norden. to According, cions.

who insists on anonymity, said that his his that said anonymity, on insists who

would confirm Malcolm's last-minute suspi- last-minute Malcolm's confirm would

about the incident at Orly which, if true, true, if which, Orly at incident the about highly placed North African diplomat" told told diplomat" African North placed highly

American journalist Eric Norden something something Norden Eric journalist American

going to quit saying it's the Muslims." Muslims." the it's saying quit to going

to tell you, the more more the you, tell to

what happened to me in France, I think I'm I'm think I France, in me to happened what

the stuff recently going on. Now, I'm going going I'm Now, on. going recently stuff the

ing lately, I'm not all that sure it's the the it's sure that all not I'm lately, ing

Muslims. Muslims.

what they can't, and they can't do some of of some do can't they and can't, they what

this thing, the things that have bees happen- bees have that things the thing, this

By February 1965 Malcolm had had Malcolm 1965 February By

"'Your CIA is beginning to murder its its murder to beginning is CIA "'Your

"The diplomat's country. which enjoyed enjoyed which country. diplomat's "The

Two months after Malcolm's death "a "a death Malcolm's after months Two

the the

CIA planned Malcolm's murder, murder, Malcolm's planned CIA

I I

reported that Malcolm had had Malcolm that reported

know what they can do, and and do, can they what know

I I

keep thinking about about thinking keep

Deuxieme Deuxieme

Bureau) Bureau)

been been

even even

tion that be felt wake wit, Out be couldn't couldn't be Out wit, wake felt be that tion

this this of his his of

Ella Collins, "told him that to take a dap of of dap a take to that him "told Collins, Ella

American foreign policy. His half-sister, half-sister, His policy. foreign American and family were concerned about the effect effect the about concerned were family and

times he found himself shadowed by as as by shadowed himself found he times

many as three different agents. His friends friends His agents. different three as many

veillance. His phones were tapped and at at and tapped were phones His veillance.

black people, he was under constant sur- constant under was he people, black

a result of his role at the United Nations, as as Nations, United the at role his of result a

a result of his conscious political decision to to decision political conscious his of result a

internationalize the problems of American American of problems the internationalize

authorities were. But Malcolm knew that as as that knew Malcolm But were. authorities

"profoundly disturbed" the American American the disturbed" "profoundly

course, measure nor say just how how just say nor measure course, guard." guard."

impression

behind what was happening happening was what behind

to him. him. to Muslims were were Muslims

was inevitable, and that he he that and inevitable, was

no longer believed the the believed longer no

him, that he felt his death death his felt he that him,

days say that he felt a a felt he that say days

conspiracy conspiracy

Malcolm during his his during Malcolm

Those who had contact with with contact had who Those

the American authorities, who gave the the gave who authorities, American the

civil rights struggle in Mississippi. Mississippi. in struggle rights civil

States of being indifferent to the fate of of fate the to indifferent being of States

the United States eoveeensent toward the the toward eoveeensent States United the

blacks and cited as evidence the attitude of of attitude the evidence as cited and blacks

article said. "They amend the United United the amend "They said. article Congo debate at the United Nations." the the Nations." United the at debate Congo

these recommendatioes last month in the the in month last recommendatioes these

acted precisely within the framework of of framework the within precisely acted

leverage in American society. society. American in leverage

in turn give American Negroes more more Negroes American give turn in

inklealing with the United States and would would and States United the with inklealing

national problems" since "such a a "such since problems" national would would

an instrument of attack in discussias inter- discussias in attack of instrument an

"the racial situation in the United States as as States United the in situation racial "the

America's role is the Congo and also to are are to also and Congo the is role America's

The The

-4-The African move profoundly disturbed disturbed profoundly move African -4-The

"The spokesmen of some African states states African some of spokesmen "The kind he needed peoterdelk real Prole> Prole> real peoterdelk needed he kind

trust his own bodygniudpg've beau beau bodygniudpg've own his trust

interference in the functioning of of functioning the in interference

New York Times Times York New

give the African states more leverage leverage more states African the give

it they had been caug t o o t caug been had they it

1.11111

'de 'de

closing in mound mound in closing

the fame fame the

could not, of of not, could

last last

•:•-` o o •:•-`

feu/ feu/

strategy strategy

gain from the bombing. . . . My attorney has has attorney My . . . bombing. the from gain

have insurance, and we stand in no way to to way no in stand we and insurance, have

prem. Neither I. .nor my wife and children children and wife my .nor I. Neither prem.

spiracy has been entered into at at into entered been has spiracy

level, with some local police, firemen and and firemen police, local some with level,

demanding an immediate investigation by by investigation immediate an demanding

the FBI of the bombin the of FBI the

and said that yes, it had been planthd there." there." planthd been had it yes, that said and his child's dresser. "Fire Marshal (Malcolm (Malcolm Marshal "Fire dresser. child's his

names the man] met me at the airport later later airport the at me met man] the names

the the

of the the of

when when

they produced the gasoline." gasoline." the produced they

that week, Malcolm declared that an official official an that declared Malcolm week, that

dresser. And then the police bomb squad squad bomb police the then And dresser.

arrived and took over the house, and then then and house, the over took and arrived

from their rooms, what hadn't been burned. burned. been hadn't what rooms, their from

house to get some clothes clothes some get to house And none of them saw this ju this saw them of none And

fire died down, neighbors went into the the into went neighbors down, died fire

police could have planted it, because as the the as because it, planted have could police

said: "When they planted the gasoline I I gasoline the planted they "When said:

knew it was no longer the Muslims. Only the the Only Muslims. the longer no was it knew

belonging to Malcolm's youngest child. child. youngest Malcolm's to belonging

produced a tin of gasoline, which they said said they which gasoline, of tin a produced

publicity for himself. The police even even police The himself. for publicity they had found on a dresser in the room room the in dresser a on found had they

set fire to the house himself to procure procure to himself house the to fire set

reporters, off the record, that Malcolm had had Malcolm that record, the off reporters,

lead the four children out into the back yard. yard. back the into out children four the lead

home in East Elmhurst, Queens, four fire fire four Queens, Elmhurst, East in home the house. The house was destroyed, but but destroyed, was house The house. the

bombs were thrown through the windows of of windows the through thrown were bombs Malcolm sad his wife managed to carry and and carry to managed wife his sad Malcolm

At 2:45 the following morning, while he, his his he, while morning, following the 2:45 At

wife and four children were sleeping in their their in sleeping were children four and wife

to Orly and London eight days before he was was he before days eight London and Orly to

assassinated. He landed at Kennedy Inter- Kennedy at landed He assassinated.

national on Sunday afternoon, February 13. 13. February afternoon, Sunday on national

Organization of Afro-American Unity], and and Unity], Afro-American of Organization

the dangers, but he said be had to go ahead." ahead." go to had be said he but dangers, the

CIA agents right in the Organization (the (the Organization the in right agents CIA

Malcolm returned from his disquieting trip trip disquieting his from returned Malcolm

informed by reliable sour= that there were were there that sour= reliable by informed

I've been given their names. Malcolm knew knew Malcolm names. their given been I've

Malcolm went on to say, "We are are "We say, to on went Malcolm

At a press' conference on Wednesday of of Wednesday on conference press' a At

Commenting on this episode, Ella Collins Collins Ella episode, this on Commenting

Afterward police officers suggested to to suggested officers police Afterward

asoline container had been planted on on planted been had container asoline

Fire Fire

they took things from the baby's baby's the from things took they

mit mit

Department admitted to him that that him to admitted Department

• •

satiny. wife tg submit to a lie lie a to submit tg wife satiny.

. We feel a con- a feel We .

for for

g g

of gasoline gasoline of

the children children the

the the

local local

audience: audience:

The morning after his speech. Leon Ander Ander Leon speech. his after morning The was was

jah Muhammad's headquarters in that city. city. that in headquarters Muhammad's jah

"They're from from "They're

Chicago." Ameer declared, alluding to Eli- to alluding declared, Ameer Chicago."

structure." "The killers killers "The structure."

Malcolm had been the victim of the "power "power the of victim the been had Malcolm to him before the murder, evidence to show show to evidence murder, the before him to

recordings which Malcolm had transmitted transmitted had Malcolm which recordings

said he would call a press conference shortly shortly conference press a call would he said

to reveal evidence in documents and tape tape and documents in evidence reveal to

as to who who to as

groups. groups.

to the Boston Militant Labor Forum, Leon Leon Forum, Labor Militant Boston the to

out a rapprochement between the two two the between rapprochement a out

Ameer said. "I have facts in my possession possession my in facts have "I said. Ameer

called "the power structure." Ameer Ameer structure." power "the called

proposed that a mediator be chosen to meet meet to chosen be mediator a that proposed

other aides, declared that Malcolm had been been had Malcolm that declared aides, other

Malcolm's organization in order to work work to order in organization Malcolm's

with Flijah Muhammad and members of of members and Muhammad Flijah with

killed not by the Muslims. but by what he he what by but Muslims. the by not killed

representative. Leon Leon representative.

from Boston to New York to meet with with meet to York New to Boston from

the Muslims. Malcolm's New England England New Malcolm's Muslims. the

assassination, while while assassination,

thesized between Malcolm's followers and and followers Malcolm's between thesized

were dwelling on the war they had hypo- had they war the on dwelling were

than the Muslims." Muslims." the than

the plotters of his death were much bigger bigger much were death his of plotters the

barred from France, led him to believe believe to him led France, from barred

day together. He discussed the fact that the the that fact the discussed He together. day

death. which was a Saturday, we spent the the spent we Saturday, a was which death. Collins has said: "On the the "On said: has Collins

way his house was bombed, and his being being his and bombed, was house his way

behind what was happening to him. Ella Ella him. to happening was what behind

longer believed the Muslims were the force force the were Muslims the believed longer

during his last few days testified that he felt felt he that testified days few last his during

a conspiracy closing in around him, that he he that him, around in closing conspiracy a

felt his death was inevitable, and that he no no he that and inevitable, was death his felt police involvment in a conspiracy. conspiracy. a in involvment police

City reported on the press press the on reported City

detector test and will ask that the same test test same the that ask will and test detector

the accusations Malcolm had had Malcolm accusations the

be be

Prophetically. Ameer told his Boston Boston his told Ameer Prophetically.

In In

In the days immediately following the the following immediately days the In

All those who had contact with Malcolm Malcolm with contact had who those All

None-of None-of

found dead in his room his in dead found

Boston on March 13. 1965. in a speech speech a in 1965. 13. March on Boston

iven to police and firemen at the sense." sense." the at firemen and police to iven

"I "I

reaqv reaqv

know my life is worth worth is life my know

• •

the the

Washington." Washington."

* *

killed Malcolm." Ameer Ameer Malcolm." killed

leuarfitiontaiii leuarfitiontaiii

newspapers in New York York New in newspapers

the major newspapers newspapers major the

Ameer, Ameer,

. .

110 110

day before his his before day

aren't aren't

conference and and conference

after going going after

made about about made

nothIng."! nothIng."!

from from that that •

Makohn X

(Continued from pervious page)

Biltmore Hotel in Boston. The official cause of death was strangulation.

death and that "there was no hint of band had undergone a complete medical

die from asphy station. as a result of having epilepsy." She said that her husband's body check-up just one month before his sudden"' Ameer had died from an epileptic fit. protruding from between his lips, whereas Ameer's wife said, however, that her hus-

was found with his blackened tongue

the victim of an epileptic fit would normally swallowed his tongue

everything was kept sers quiet The police hushed it all up. Eric Norden: "I firmly She said that she had been married to him friendly with Leon Ameer, told journalist

to say. "I spoke to his vide on the telephone. death of I eon Ainticr it Boston. the effect of police kept telling het did it epileptic fit of Ameer was assassinated ... In Boston his death on tithe for eleven years. and he'd never had an

flight and silence t ail Grant. the person Irbqm,Bomben Prancis allegedly shot in the in-command in the OA Alf, James Shabazz. tapes and files with hint. Malcolm's second- who possessed most of Malcolm's tapes and disappeared And Malcolm's secretary, files, fled to Ghana Presumably, he took the Reuben Francis. who eight months later, but he never appeared to assassin Thomas Hagan, jumped bail. the bullet found in the leg of convicted during the course of an extended interview, Francis was taken into custody by the FBI

might %cry well have been crucial. Recently, testify in the trial. even though his testimony winter and convinced to move for a retrial attorney William Kunstler told me that, contains many irregularities. he was par- le although the transcript of the ouginal trial ticularly surprised to find that Reuben t testify. Francis was never called, or allowed, to

Kunstler was brought into the case this

The Boston police told the press that

Ella Collins. who list] in Boston and was

Whales, er

Thomas Hagan, the fleeing gunman

Mick attested, Hagan was found to

le his tocket a clin of .45 'bullets that

any

Altikolin's sister went on

kind But that's what the

aides In Malcolm was

ia hoes er -- caused the

was

believe

indicted for firing

that Leon

"what was termed an "intensive investiga-

behind in the ballroom. matched one of the

.Since was create a diversion. Hagan had been caught that

at the scene of the murder; he was killing. But for several days after the killing' incriminated by material evidence; at his

uncomfortable position. Newspaper reports trial he eventually confessed to his role in the large. Eyewitness accounts had reported the New York police found themselves in an spoke of four accomplices who were still at

lipped, olive-skinned, Latin-lonking" suspect apprehended by Patrolman Thomas four or five gunmen firing at Malcolm,

suspect for a crime committed by

less uncomfortable ten days later when, alter Hoy to

enforcers associated with

Norman five men. The position had been arrested two months before for shooting one Benjamin Brown, a Muslim tion." they arrested two Black Muslim defector. They had both been free on bail

57 in Harlem, Thomas (15X) Johnson and and had assault charges pending against necting Hagan to Johnson and Butler, and

in their testimony, and yet the testimony place Johnson and Butler at the Audubon Johnson and Butler was founded on the although no material evidence existed to them for the nonfatal shooting. criminal conspiracy to murder Malcolm X. evasions and apparent perjury. Several of Johnson and testimony of four witnesses who identified important — were out on bail at the time the witnesses — and among them the most Ballroom, the district attorney indicted all they gave was marred by contradictions, ten appeared to have been carefully coached possibility of intimidation. able to the district attorney's will, often of their testimony. The charges pending three men together for having carried out a seemed gratuitous enough to indicate a against them, which made them vulner-

bodyguard of Malcolm's and one of dna"

when he was attested as It Johnson and Butler. Wore witnesses most instrumental in cos

The district attorney's case against

Although there was no evidence con-

A case in point is Cary

had been set off in the

found

the police had allowed the "thin-

vanish, they were holding only

(3X)

six who a

Butler. Johnson and Butler

piece of the

murder weapeir

Also, his thumbprint

identified Butler. All of the police became

rear of the hall to

Muslim Mosque

std

Mate

smoke bomb

Thomas, a

four or

ittlt

one

't the edit):;' Mantas said nothing to

Maicohn's widow or to the other members of the OAAU incarceration. But after he applied for the killers. Initially, he was held by the

police in alimony jail, a rattler casual kind of release, in June 1965, the police charged him

he became a pliant prisoner and a willing, if transferred to a regular prison. Thereafter, changeable, witness for the state's case.

with arson in the alimony jail and he was

the grand jury, which indicted Johnson and

back of the ballroom while Hagan, near the posed to have run forward toward the stage, Muslim enforcers staged the diversion at the Butler along with Hagan, that the two

shotgun. Then Johnson and Butler were sup- front, opened fire on Malcolm with a however, and so the prosecution version of bullets discovered in Hagan's pocket were shooting at Malcolm with revolvers. The .45

traced to one of the murder weapons after now located in the rear of the hall with this grand jury testimony was given,

and located up front, near the stage. As the Butler, while Johnson was given the shotgun state's version of the killing changed, so did what happened had to change. Hagan was months under S50,000 bail, Thomas claimed the testimony of Cary Thomas. In January

under oath that he had seen Johnson firing One of the two stories Cary Thomas told rear to fire at Malcolm with their revolvers. and seen Butler and Hagan running from the the shotgun from a point close to the stage, 1966. after being held in prison for ten had to be perjured. The jury chose to believe grand jury testimony as an aid to his memory and that that his ten-month incarceration had served

(even those who were not undercover

agents). Though Thomas had been armed Malcolm could not trust his bodyguards placed to intervene if there was trouble, add the Audubon, though he was strategically under a table for protection. The jury might though he had carried a gun since the age of with a .357 magnum pistol at the meeting in have evaluated his testimony differently if enter into the record a Bellevue psychiatric

Judge Marks had allowed the defense to fifteen, when the shooting started he dived

In March 1965 Cary Thomas testified to

Cary Thomas was an example of why

after

on Talcimas, whirttas hoepitaliked in

—

). 4

'inaning thrOugh the streets

about being able to identify

111d

was a lie.

ipl Jews Christi I

only his

thl

bodyguard of Malcolm's and who also changed the story he had originally told the

had was Charles Blackwell, who also hid been a

grand jury. Originally, Blackwell had told

created the diversion toward the rear of the seated next to him in the front row and that the grand jury that Hagan and Butler were hall. He had also told the grand jury two men

offered a graphic recollection of Hagan and the same story as Cary Thomas told, and

Butler firing their revolvers at Malcolm.

credibility of its witnesses, however, was the the grand jury. he responded. "Yes. I did."

version of the murder than the doubtful unexpected decision of Thomas Hagan. When he was asked whether he had lied to midway through the trial, to confess. Not

of the killers. but he also stated that Johnson only did Hagan admit that he had been one

and Butler were innocent "I just reported that anything to do with this crime. Because "—that Butler and Johnson didn't know the people who were there."

truth to he known. was there. I know what happened and month of the murder and offered money for accomplices. but he declined to name them.

One thing he did know, he said, was that no He said he had been approached early in the

the job, but he declined to say by whom.... one involved in the murder was a Black and of the man who paid him, Muslim. refused to give the names of his accomplices hopeless, and that therefore his motivation attorney was able to argue convincingly to the jury that Hagan had come forward only since he had nothing to lose himself in con- when he saw that his own situation was

was to get the other justify his argument fora ameba of theillim";

court and to tell everything Hagan has fessing.

the assassination,

the two main examples anew from Hagan that is meant to germ as

The other key witness for the propsatioi.-

Q: "Did you see anybody fire a gun?"

A: "No. I

Far more damaging to the prosecution's

The

But now, a dozen years later, Thomas

William Kunstler has taken an

never seen anyone shooting anybody.

the trial. however, he told substantially

Nrss. Fork Times

whom he could not identify had

Perhaps because Hagan had

didn't."

offered to give those names in

Hagan. "said he had three

Hagan told the court,

two indicted men off,

of March I, 1966,

he knows about

the district

want

Allidstrit•

that he

have

the

I I

i. 1.11111.1111MPPMSPE"Flts

some time, that he is "a very religious man" tact with a Muslim minister in prison for and that he is trying now, possibly at the risk of his life, to exonerate Johnson and Butler he says innocent men — are serving life "because he feels bad about it. Two guys —

over. He's still a very cautious man, but he's terms, and he's had eleven years to think it

Hagan might have said concerning police use him." a strong reed at this moment and bope to

believe that Hagan might know who was complicity in the assassination, nor did he ultimately responsible for having

X killed. "Money was spread around," Kunstler said. "He talks about money:: affidavit constitutes part of a persuasive in protective custody M an unnamed prison. argument that new evidence exists to justify a retrial. Meanwhile, Hagan has been placed

something might happen to Hagan in prison, When 1 asked 'him if he weren't worried that protective custody." is a transcript from another trial, which example of crucial new evidence in the case the lawyer said, "Sure, that's why he's in

chapter of the Black Panthers were tried in Kunstler has submitted to the court. In New York for conspiring to blow up Macy's department store and other prominent 1971, twenty-one members of the New York cover agent called Gene Roberts, who had targets. A key witness against the accused , Panthers in that trial was a police under- infiltrated the Panthers in New York. The attorneys for the Panthers had been tipped, been a member of Malcolm's Organization off by somebody that Gene Roberts had

of Afro-American Unity. Defense attorney connection to Malcolm and, as Kunstler Gerald Lefcourt asked Roberts about his Kunstler says that Hagan has been in con- says, "The judge let him go a little ways *ith

it." he had been the mysterious 'Brother Jean' examination Gene Roberts "admitted that

on the stage of the Audubon Ballroom who was one of Malcolm's security guards, and

mouth resuscitation after he was shot, and who attempted to give Malcolm mouth-to-' that he had never story to tell. It was he who knocked down trial, even though he had a very powerful. Kunstler did not want to disclose what

But Kunstler does think that Hagan's

Besides Hagan's affidavit, the second

Kunstler relates that under cross-

been

called at the murder

Malcolm

•

out of the Audubon &thrown, thni making it pchsible for Bie perMle"outside tO'cattlittp happened, he could .be, "Very possibly, an down the center aisle, he sit* everything that with him, This was his roles he chased him

exonerating witness for our defendants. His name was suppressed, he was never brought

to the stand by the prosecution, his identity was never told to the defense -- even though they requested it on numerous occasions." because "Roberts'testimony_at the Panther transcript is a crucial giound for retrial defense contention that thf:police set the trial would have very much buttressed the

security from:the ballroom. You know, thing up — first of all .by withdrawing all not to come out."' door, in the ItSoit Room. And they iveretold there were only

ple who attended Malcolm's talks. Februair2I was remarked on by many peo- between bis peopk and the followers of Eli- Apparently, at all previous Meetings at the jah Mnharnritad.' After the murder, Deputy Audubon Ballroom there was a large con- protect Malcolm and also to prevent fights tingent of uniformed police, assigned to

Police. Commissioner Walter Arm explained claiming that protection had been offered the unusual absence of uniformed police by missioner Malcolm, but that he had refused it. Alex graphy, writes that "Deputy Police Com- Haley, in hie epilogue to Malcolm's autobio- associates that during the week preceding his assassination Malcolm X complained Malcolm refused'police protection conflicts requests for protection seriously. Finally, repeatedly that the police would not take his directly with the statente.nts of many

detail of twenty men had been assigned to

although police sources said that a special the Meeting and that it had even been attended by agents of the Bureau of Special convinced him not to include his own, per- evidence during or after the assassina- Services, these men were nowhere in

tion...."

protection. But Kunstler mentioned to me sonal knowledge about Malcolm"s desire for that "ANK-IfSeYOMite tct:kelin his not to have absolutely Ite. week and Haley

According to Kunstler, the Roberts'

The absence of uniformed police on

Haley's prudence as a writer may have

lifwheArsiiitad-Ateuritf, it was aftit:that

Walter Arm's statement that

two cops and they were next

tells

, liecurity,„44 nrersMd

If there yeAltdixti*in

me that

of his

said

bombing of his house."

"It is no secret that BOSS police — who in ihe "'Several' undercover plainclothesmen Malcolm was shot dead there.... Accord- were in the uptown meeting hall at the time

members of its outstanding unit, the highly ing to a high police official, 'several'

secretive Bureau of Special Services (BOSS), were in the Audubon Ball-

never wear uniforms — have credentials to cover almost any situation, so that if they

were required to have a card or emblem of they had them." the Black Nationalist sect it is a safe bet police official,. "It is sufficient to say that we ' emergency room.) had him covered.

of the two uniformed policemen stationed in

the nearby Rose Room, testified. It was the he had been ordered to stay hidden and to same day that Betty Shabazz, Malcolm's widow, testified. Henry told the court that 1966, when Patrolman Gilbert Henry, one officer stationed in the emergency room of Communicate by walkie-talkie with another

the Columbia Presbyterian Hospital across be noted that one of Malcolm's aides the street "if anything happened." (It must telephoned the hospital immediately after the shooting, and after 15 minutes no back, put Malcolm on the stretcher and carried him across Broadway to the across the street, secured a stretcher, came ambulance had yet arrived. Followers ran

even "our friend, Gene Roberts, testified at absence of security was by pointing out that

been bombed the week before." the Panther trial that he was very much shocked that they had withdrawn all security According to an article by Milton Lewis

New York knew, despite their claims to the — particularly since Malcolm's house had contrary, that Malcolm would be the target of a murder conspiracy. The day after the

American of Chicago's police subversion unit stated at assassination, Sergeant Edward McClellan stalked for death here [in Chicago}, and the December 31 that he feared he was being a .press conference "that Malcolm said New Xork Police were alerted."

Lewis also reported that he was told by a

I was present in the courtroom myself, in

Kunstler stressed how ominous the

:Another,

There is also evidence that the police in

Herald Tribune

report in the of February 22, the day after the

of February 23, 1965,

New York Journal-

•

„

assassination, said that "according to police

spokesmen, the department kite« is mid- January that an attempt was to be made on

Malcolm's life."' Hagan, Johnson and Butler an extraor- courtroom was cleared of spectators so that dinary procedure was in4oked: the

the jury could listen to the testimony of two witnesses in secret. The press learned only lake and Sullivan. that the two witnesses were called Timber- me by saying, "We also have the fine hand

of the FBI deeply involved. The weapons the trial, explained their secret testimony to

was an FBI informant ,at the rally by the were taken to the FBI by someone we think "he was afraid of retaliation." Kunstler also name of Timberlake." Timberlake gave.his

disclosed that "it was to his [Timberlake's] testimony in secret, Kunstler said, because

guns." The FBI agent who came to gun apartment that the FBI came to get the Timberlake's house to pick up the guns — or

significance of any FBI involvement. "I testified to that effect in secret. checked back in the Church Committee

report." he said, "and, you know, that COINTELPRO [the FBI's Counter-Intelli- Malcolm — or at least the Nation of Islam gence Program] targets. And one of the and Elijah = were . designated primary main bulwarks of COINTELPRO set one group against the other. And this cases — vis-a-vis the Panthers and US [Ron kind of thing involved, 'is Senator Church testified, a great risk of bodily harm in many and those of the Nation of Islam." Karenga's group], and Malcolm's followers There are a great many important questions yet to he answered concerning the assassina- of a new trial can it be determined who acted tion of Malcolm X. Onlj• in the framework hear a case for the defense thit wiltatternpt with Hagan and whom they were acting for. If there is a new trial, then we In one session of the conspiraty trial of and, at least by oOtissithi, abetted the act. intelligence agencies had foreknowledge of. to show that American law enforcement or

avia)iiro.r9 Orly 4. poisoned in Cairo by Musli already; int*, Alta

Kunstler, who was not himself involved in

Kunstler was explicit about

We already knon

was the witness, Sullivan, who

that Malcolm was not

can expect to

itt

was to

ad '

turned

page I the

to Makolm's description of an agent who at the Audubon Ballroom . . . where the kill- individuals and organizations judged by cer- Malcolm X followed him through Laudon and even was ing took place." No such film was ever tain high government authorities to be (Continued from previous page) on the plane he took back to the United produced at the original trial. If there was threats to national security. tapped and he was followed by government States a week before his death. "a tight- such a film, and if it still exists today, the In . the last days before his murder agents. We already know that several agents lipped, olive-skinned type with ferret eyes" showing of it to a jury might resolve some of Malcolm sensed that his role at the United had infiltrated his organization and were =outing to Malcolm's description — a the disturbing questions of guilt and Nations was exposing him to great danger. even among his bodyguards. We already man who some of Malcolm's friends innocence still surrounding the murder of He felt powerful forces closing in on him, know that the New York Police planted a thought might be a Cuban, one of the many Malcolm X and might revise the official, and the feeling made him uncharac-, tin of gasoline on his child's dresser; exile agents employed by the CIA. legal verdict on the case that has prevailed teristically fatalistic. Two days before he withdrew normal security from the If there is a new trial for Joheson and for a dozen years now. died he told the famous photographer Audubon Ballroom the day they may have Butler, defense attorney Koestler will them One provocative implication of Kunstkr's Gordon Parks: "It's a time for martyrs now, known he was to be murdered: watched the be able to have subpoenas served to poten- statements about apparent FBI involvement and if I'm to be one, it will be in the cause of shooting and the murderers' escape in plain- tially important witnesses, compelling them in the case is the possibility that undercover brotherhood. That's the only thing that can clothes without acting to intervene; to testify — witnesses such as undercover agents, having infiltrated Makolm's OAAU save this country. I've learned it the hard stationed Patrolman Gilbert Henry in the agent Gene Roberts, Reuben Francis, and as well as the Nation of Islam, provoked the way — but I've learned it...." Rose Room with his walkie-talkie; and Ronald Timberlake. He will also be able to feud between the two groups. Recent Senate Despite his mounting fatalism, he was yet allowed, or asked, police surgeons to leave a subpoena pertinent .material evidence. Both investigations and documents released under convinced he should leave America for a bullet in Thomas Hagan's kg for several Alex Haley in his epilogue to The Autobio- the Freedom of Information Act have con- while, for his own protection. Airplane weeks. We already know that law enforce- graphy of Makohu X and reporter Peter firmed that such procedures were a common tickets had been bought for him to fly to ment agencies "suppressed" Gene Roberts Kihu in the New York Times of February practice of COINTELPRO. Thus, even if Africa on Tuesday, February 23, two days and Reuben Francis, used Ronald 25, 1965, have alluded to the existence of the Black Muslims did seek to assassinate after the 'last meeting at the Audubon Timberlake, intimidated witnesses, and motion pictures taken inside the ballroom at . Malcolm, they might have done so at the Ballroom. The instinct for survival that released the "Latin-looking" suspect caught the time of the killing. According to the instigation of police, or federal agents fulfill- Malcolm had had to cultivate and refine liv- fortuitously by Patrolman Hoy in the Times article, "The police were in posses- ing their role as agents provocateurs in a ing on the streets of Boston and New York■ Audubon Ballroom — a man who answers sion of motion pictures that had been taken program aimed at "neutralizing" almost saved him.

7;...41N:1%1"/"=.77.75 I. 1111111111.11P'" •