Evsjv‡`K Mycöxg ‡Kvu© Nvb‡Kvu© Wefvm (‡®Úkvj Awiwrb¨Vj Rywimwwkkvb)

evsjv‡`k mycÖxg ‡KvU© nvB‡KvU© wefvM (‡®úkvj AwiwRb¨vj RywimwWKkvb)

ixU wcwUkb bs 4313/2009 Bb w` g¨vUvi Adt Bnv evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi 102 Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i GKwU Av‡e`bcÎ; Ges Bb w` g¨vUvi Adt ‡gRi †Rbv‡ij †K, Gg, kwdDj−vn I Ab¨ GKRb| ÐÐÐÐ`iLv¯ZKvixØq ebvg evsjv‡`k Ms ÐÐÐÐcÖwZev`xMY Rbve gbwRj ‡gvi‡m`, G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& ÐÐÐÐ`iLv¯—KvixØq c‡¶ Rbve gvney‡e Avjg, A¨vUwY©Ð‡Rbv‡ij m‡½ Rbve †gv¯—dv Rvgvb Bmjvg, †WcywU A¨vUwY©Ð‡Rbv‡ij, Rbve BKevjyj nK Ges ‡eMg gvndzRv , G,G,wR, ÐÐÐcÖwZev`x miKvi c‡¶

ïbvbxt 6 I 7 RyjvB, 2009Bs

ivq cÖ`vbt RyjvB 08, 2009Bs

Dcw¯nZt wePvicwZ Rbve G,we,Gg, Lvqi“j nK Ges wePvicwZ Rbve ‡gvt ggZvR DwÏb Avn‡g`

wePvicwZ G,we,Gg, Lvqi“j nKt cUf~wgKv t

Bnv Rbm¦v_©g~jK GKwU ixU& †gvKvÏgv|

g~jZt Z`vbxš—b †im‡Kvm© gq`vb, eZ©gvb †mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨v‡bi HwZnvwmK

¯’vb mg~n wPwýZ KiZt msi¶Y Kwievi cÖv_©bv Kwiqv AÎ ixU& †gvKvÏgvwU `v‡qi

Kiv nBqv‡Q|

m~ÎcvZ I i“j Rvix t 2

AÎ ixU& †gvKvÏgvi 1 bs `iLv¯—Kvix GKRb m¦bvgab¨ gyw³ †hv×v Ges evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi cÖv³b †mbvcÖavb| wZwb 1955 m‡b cvwK¯—vb wgwjUvix

GKv‡Wgx nB‡Z mœvZK wWMªx jvf KiZt †m‡KÛ †jd‡Ub¨v›U c‡` Kwgkb jvf

K‡ib| gyw³hy‡×i cÖvi‡¤¢ wZwb cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx‡Z †gRi c` gh©v`vq

Rq‡`ecyi¯’ 1g †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui †m‡KÛ Bb& KgvÛ c‡` Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| 19†k gvP© Zvwi‡L Zvnvi evwnbxi `„pZvi Rb¨ weª‡MwWqvi Ave&ivi D³ evwnbx‡K wbi¯¿

Kwi‡Z cv‡i bvB| gyw³hy‡×i cÖ_‡gB wZwb we‡`Övn K†ib Ges †m±i KgvÛvi wnmv‡e

`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| ZvnvQvov, S-Force bv‡g GKwU Bb&d¨v›Uªx weª‡M‡Wi

Awabvq‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1971 m‡bi 16 B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa`‡ji GKRb m`m¨ wnmv‡e wZwb cvwK¯—vb

†mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©b Abyôvb Ae‡jvKb K‡ib| 1972 m‡bi 6B GwcÖj evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi †mbv cÖavb c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib Ges 1975 m‡bi 22†k

AMvó ch©š— D³ c‡` envj _v‡Kb| Zrci Zvnv‡K ‰e‡`wkK gš¿bvj‡q e`wj Kiv nq Ges wZwb 1991 mb ch©š— c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki ivóª`~Z c` gh©v`vq

`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| AZtci 1996 m‡b wZwb RvZxq cwil‡` mvsm` wbe©vwPZ n‡qb|

2 bs `iLv¯—Kvix XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BwZnvm wefv‡Mi GKRb m¦bvgab¨

Aa¨vcK| wZwb 1974 m‡b BwZnvm wefv‡M GKRb cÖfvlK wnmv‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib|

1983 m‡b wZwb W±‡iU wWwMª jvf K‡ib| wZwb gyw³hy×, e½eÜy Ges evsjv‡`k wimvP© Bb&wówUDU Gi cÖwZôvZv cwiPvjK| wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wwgi GKRb †d‡jv Ges

XvKv I PÆMªvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wbe©vwPZ wm‡bU m`m¨| ZvnvQvov, wZwb 71 Gi NvZK

`vjvj wbg~©j KwgwUi GKRb cÖwZôvZv m`m¨| wZwb BwZg‡a¨ Zvnvi cvwÛ‡Z¨i m¦xK…wZ m¦i“c eû msL¨K cyi¯‹vi cªvß nBqv‡Qb|

Dfq `iLv¯—Kvix wbLv` evOvwj| DfqB cvwK¯—vb kvmbvgj cÖZ¨¶

Kwiqv‡Qb| evOvwji m„ó cvwK¯—v‡b evOvwj RvwZ wKfv‡e wbM„nxZ nBZ Ges wKfv‡e

NUbvi evu‡K evu‡K BwZnvm m„wó nBqvwQj Zvnv Zvnviv cÖZ¨¶ KwiqvwQ‡jb GKRb mvgwiK wefv‡M PvKzixiZ Ae¯’vq Ab¨Rb QvÎ Ae¯nvq| 1 bs `iLv¯—Kvix Rxeb evRx ivwLqv gyw³hy× Kwiqv BwZnvm m„wó Kwi‡jb| Ab¨Rb gyw³hy×‡K Zvnvi †jLbxi 3

gva¨‡g cÖwZwbqZ Dcjwä Kwi‡jb| cieZ©xKv‡j DfqB evOvwj RvwZi BwZnvm weK…wZ cÖZ¨¶ Kwi‡jb Ges HwZnvwmK ¯nvb¸wj wKfv‡e †e`Lj nBqv †Mj ZvnvI

AZ¨š— †e`bvi mwnZ Ae‡jvKb Kwi‡jb| Zvnv‡`i GB †e`bvZ© Dcjwä nB‡ZB

Zvnviv Zvnv‡`i weÁ †KŠïjx gvidr evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi mwnZ IZ†cÖvZfv‡e

RwoZ HwZnvwmK ¯nvb¸wj i¶v Kwievi Rb¨ GKwU Demand of Justice Notice

18Ð6Ð2009 Zvwi‡L cÖ`vb K‡ib (G¨v‡bKPviÐwe)| wKš‘ Zvnv‡Z †Kvb d‡jv`q bv nIqvq evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq evsjv‡`‡ki HwZnvwmK

¯nvb¸wj i¶Yv‡e¶‡Y evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii mvsweavwbK `vwqZ¡ hv”Tv Kwievi D‡Ï‡k¨

AÎ ixU& †gvKvÏgvwU `v‡qi Kwi‡j AÎ Av`vjZ msweav‡bi 102 Aby‡”Q‡`i

AvIZvq 25Ð6Ð2009 Zvwi‡L wbæwjwLZ Rule Nisi cÖwZev`xMY eive‡i Rvix K‡i t

“Let a Rule Nisi be issued calling upon the respondents to show cause as to why a direction should not be given upon the respondents to form a committee to identify the historic important places at Shuhrawardi Uddyan (the then rececourse maidan ) at Dhaka, where the Pakistan Army surrendered before the Joint Command Force of Mukti Bahini and Indian Army on 16th December, 1971 and where Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered the historic speech on 7th March, 1971, after demolishing the structures, if any, around those historical places and recover to it’s original historic position and/or pass such other or further order or orders as to this Court may seem fit and proper. The Rule is made returnable on 5.7.2009. Since the learned Attorney General appears, let the matter be treated as ready, still the notices be served upon the respondents. Let the matter be fixed for hearing on 6.7.2009, at the top of the list.”

4 bs cÖwZev`x c‡¶ 7Ð7Ð2009 Zvwi‡L njdK…Z GKwU Gwd‡WwfU

`vwLj Kwiqv `iLv‡¯— DÌvwcZ e³e¨ mg_©b K‡ib|

c¶M‡Yi AvBbRxex I Zvnv‡`i e³e¨ t

Rbve gbwRj †gvi‡m`, G¨vW&‡fv‡KU&, `iLv¯—KvixØq c‡¶ e³e¨

Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| Zvnv‡K mg_©b Kwiqv e³e¨ †ck K‡ib Rbve Avãyj ev‡mZ gRyg`vi, W. iv‡eqv f~uBTv, Rbve G, Gd, Gg, †gRevnDwÏb I Rbve k. g. 4

†iRvDj Kwig, G¨vW&‡fv‡KU&e„›`| miKvi c‡¶ e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib Rbve gvney‡e Avjg, A¨vUwY© †Rbv‡ij Ges Zvnv‡K mnvqZv K‡ib Rbve †gv¯—dv Rvgvb

Bmjvg, †WcywU A¨vUwY©Ð†Rbv‡ij|

Rbve gbwRj †gvi‡m`, G¨vW&‡fv‡KU, Zvnvi e³‡e¨i cÖvi‡¤¢ evOvwj RvwZi

BwZnvm ms‡¶‡c Zywjqv a‡ib| m¦vaxb ivóª wnmv‡e cvwK¯—v‡bi AvZ¥cÖKvk I

Zrci msL¨vMwiô evOvwj RvwZi eÂbvi BwZnvm Ges wKfv‡e av‡c av‡c m¦vqË kvm‡bi `vex m¦vaxbZvi `vex‡Z cwiYZ nBj Zvnvi weeiY Zywjqv a‡ib| G cÖm‡½ wZwb 6 `dv `vex Dc¯’vcb, AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv, mvaviY wbe©vPb,

1971 m‡bi gvP© gv‡mi m¦vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb, e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb Gi 3iv gvP© I 7B gv‡P©i fvlY, m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv, gyw³hy×, 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i

†im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©b, 1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwi e½eÜyi evsjv‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b, 17B Rvbyqvwi fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿xi XvKv AvMgb

BZ¨vw` wewfbœ HwZnvwmK NUbv eY©bv Kwiqv wZwb D³ HwZnvwmK ¯’vb mg~n evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i weK…wZ, webvk ev AcmviY nB‡Z i¶v KiZt m¦gwngvq i¶Y Kwievi Rb¨ wb‡e`b K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb †h 1975 m‡bi AMvó gv‡mi ci nB‡ZB Dc‡iv³ HwZnvwmK m¥„wZ weRwoZ ¯’vb mg~n µgvb¦‡q wejyß

Kwievi GKwU wbwðZ cÖqvm Pwjqv Avwm‡Z‡Q hvnv‡Z eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z cÖRb¥ evOvwj RvwZi Me© I me©‡kÖô AR©b wem¥„Z nq Ges Ae‡k‡l wejyß nq| †mB wejywßi nvZ nB‡Z Avgv‡`i RvwZi HwZnvwmK m¥„wZ wPý¸wj msi¶Y Kwievi mvsweavwbK `vex jBqvB AÎ `iLv¯—KvixØq GB ixU& †gvKvÏgvwU `v‡qi Kwiqv‡Qb|

GB cÖm‡½ wZwb AviI wb‡e`b K‡ib †h gyw³hy×Kvjxb 9(bq) gvm e¨vwc mg‡q evsjv‡`‡k 30 (wÎk) j¶ gvbyl knx` nBqv‡Qb, K‡qK j¶ gwnjv awl©Z I wbh©vwZZ nBqv cÖvY wemR©b w`qv‡Qb| Zvnv‡`i †mB mK‡ji i‡³i wewbg‡q, m¤£‡gi g~‡j¨ evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb nBqv‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki †kÖô mš—vbMY ïaygvÎ evOvwj nBevi Aciv‡a Rxeb wemR©b w`‡Z eva¨ nBqv‡Qb| wZwb wb‡e`b K‡ib †h

GB RvwZ hw` †mB j¶ j¶ bvix cyi“‡li m¥„wZ i¶v Kwi‡Z Amg_© nq Zvnv nB‡j

Avgv‡`i gyw³hy×B e¨_© nB‡e, Avgv‡`i m¦vaxbZv A_©nxb nBqv cwo‡e, Avgiv 5

GKwU K…ZNœ RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ nBe| msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q` wbi_©K evMov¤¦‡i cwiYZ nB‡e|

Rbve Avãyj ev‡mZ gRyg`vi, W. iv‡eqv f~BTv, Rbve G, Gd, Gg,

†gRevnDwÏb I Rbve k.g. †iRvDj Kwig, G¨vW&‡fv‡KUe„›`, `iLv¯—Kvix c‡¶i weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`q‡K mg_©b Kwiqv e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib|

G¨vUwY©Ð‡Rbv‡i‡j Gi e³e¨ t

evsjv‡`k miKvi c‡¶ weÁ A¨vUwY© Ð‡Rbv‡ij g‡nv`q GKwU wjwLZ e³e¨

`vwLj KiZt `iLv¯—Kvixc‡¶ DÌvwcZ e³e¨ mg_©b K‡ib| wZwb Zvnvi wjwLZ

Ab¨vb¨ e³‡e¨i mwnZ e‡jb t

ÔÔ 1966 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi‡Z AvIqvgx jx†Mi c¶ †_‡K e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ 6 `dv cÖKvk K‡ib Ges Avcvgi RbMY Zuvi GB 6 `dv ev¯—evwqZ Kivi j‡¶¨ wZwb RbMY‡K msMwVZ Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| wKš‘ 1968 m‡bi Rvbyqvwi gv‡m AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv ïi“ nq Ges e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †MªdZvi Kiv nq| wKš‘ †Kej cÖej MYAv‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L †mbv kvmK AvBqye Lvb GB gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡ib Ges 1969 m‡bi 22†k †deªyqvwi `ycyi 1 Uvq †iwWI gvid‡Z GB gvgjv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii Lei cÖKvwkZ nq| 1969 m‡bi 23 †k ‡deªyqvwi me©`jxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil` ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Zuv‡K MY m¤¦a©bv †Ìqvi Rb¨ GK Rbmfv Avnevb K‡i Ges ‰`wbK cvwK¯—v‡bi ÷vd wi‡cvU©vi 1969 mv‡ji 24†k †deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L Zv‡ì KvM‡R cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡i| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ Zuvi Dc‡iv³ e³e¨ †_‡K MYZ‡š¿i cÖwZ Zuvi Av¯’v, evOvwj RvZxqZvev` cÖwZôvi e¨vcv‡i Zuvi cÖZ¨q, ag©wbi‡c¶ mgvR cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Zuvi AvKv•Lv I evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì cÖwZôvi e¨vcv‡i Zuvi AvMªn ¯úófv‡e cÖKvk ‡c‡q‡Q Ges G ai‡Yi HwZnvwmK I hyMvš—Kvix e³„Zv whwb †h gv‡V `vuwo‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb Zvi Aek¨B HwZnvwmK g~j¨ Av‡Q Ges Zv msi¶Y Kiv iv‡óªi mvsweavwbK `vwqZ¡| GB gv‡VB QvÎ msMªg cwil‡ì Zid †_‡K Zuv‡K e½eÜy Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq Ges G wel‡q ‰`wbK cvwK¯—v‡b 1969 mv‡ji 25‡k †deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L ‡h wi‡cvU© cÖKvk nq Zv wbæiƒc t ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 6

GBi“c GKwU HwZnvwmK NUbv †h gq`v‡b N‡U‡Q Zv m¥iYxq K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯nv MªnY KiviI miKv‡ii kvmbZvwš¿K `vwqZ¡| 1970 m‡bi mvaviY wbe©vP‡b RvZxq cwil‡ì 300wU Avm‡bi wfZ‡i AvIqvgx jxM 160 wU Avm‡b Ges cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` 300wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 288wU Avm‡b Rqjvf K‡i Ges RvZxq cwil‡ì gwnjv Avm‡b c‡iv¶ †fv‡U 7wU Avmb I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` c‡iv¶ †fv‡U 10wU Avmb jvf K‡i| GB HwZnvwmK Rqjvf m¤¢e n‡qwQj e½eÜyi ewjô †bZ„Z¡ I ivR‰bwZK cÖÁvi Rb¨| wZwb GB wecyj weR‡qi c‡i GKwU HwZnvwmK wm×vš— wb‡qwQ‡jb ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b RbZvi mg¥~‡L GB wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwa‡ì kc_ evK¨ cvV Kiv‡bvi| GB kc_ Abyôv‡b wZwbB †cŠiwnZ¨ K‡ib Ges wbe©vwPZ Rb cÖwZwbwa‡ì kc_ evK¨ cvV Kivb| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ e½eÜyi 1969 m‡bi 23‡k †deªyqvwi Zvwi‡Li e³‡eï g~j m~‡Îi cyb‡iv‡j−L Avgiv GB kc‡_i g‡a¨ Luy‡R cvB| GLv‡bI RbcÖwZwbwaiv kc_ wb‡qwQ‡jb †`‡ki K…lK kÖwgK QvÎ, †gnbZx gvby‡li Z_v me©‡kÖYxi RbM‡Yi mg¥y‡L| hvi cÖwZaŸwb Avgiv cvB msweav‡bi mßg Aby‡”Q‡`, †hLv‡b D‡j−wLZ n‡q‡Q ÔÔRbMYB mKj ¶gZvi DrmÕÕ| c„w_exi BwZnv‡m RbM‡Yi mg¥y‡L kc_ evK¨ cvV Kiv ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`vbB cÖ_g NUbv| †mw`K †_‡K G NUbvi GKwU Avš—RvwZ©K g~jÏ Av‡Q| myZivs †mB †im‡Kvm© gq`vb, eZ©gvb †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b G kc_wU hw` †k¦Zcv_‡i †Lv`vB K‡i ivLv nq Zv †_‡K Avgv‡ì eZ©gvb I cieZ©x cÖRb¥, Avgiv wKfv‡e †`‡k m¦vaxbZv I MYZš¿ AR©b K‡iwQ Zvi mg¨K avibv cv‡e; myZivs †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b Dc‡iv³ NUbvwU D‡j−L K‡i †mB ¯nvbwU msi¶b Kiv miKv‡ii ‰bwZK I mvsweavwbK `vwqZ¡| Gici †h HwZnvwmK NUbvwU GB †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b N‡UwQj Zv n‡jv D³ gq`v‡b 1971 mv‡ji 7B gv‡P© e½eÜy cÖ`Ë HwZnvwmK fvlY| D³ 7B gv‡P©i fvlb †Uc Kiv n‡qwQj Ges †mB fvlbwU ÔÔevsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy×ÕÕ `wjjcÎ Mª‡š’i 2q L‡Û wjwce× Av‡Q| G fvl‡bi wKQy Ask D‡j−L Ki‡jB ¯úófv‡e †evSv hv‡e †h, GB fvlbwUB wQj evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi WvK| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ GB e³„ZvwU wQj GKwU AwjwLZ e³„Zv A_P Zvi e³e¨, fve, evK¨ web¨vm Ges wb‡`©kbv wQj AZyjbxq| c„w_exi BwZnv‡m Gi“c Q›`gq †ZRm¦x e³„Zvi Ryox cvIqv hv‡e bv Ges hviv GB e³„Zv‡K ivRbxwZi KweZv e‡jb, Zviv GKUyI evwo‡q e‡jb bv| GB e³„Zvq †h RvZxqZvev‡ì K_v wZwb D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb Zv msMªvgx RbZv bq Zv wbR‡K i¶v Kivi 7

RvZxqZvev`| †h MYZš¿‡K i¶v Kivi K_v wZwb e‡j‡Qb Zv †fv‡Ui MYZš¿, GK gv_v GK †fv‡Ui MYZš¿| †Kvb Pvwc‡q †èvi MYZš¿ bq| †h mgvRZ‡š¿i K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv Pvwc‡q †`qvi gZ mgvRZš¿ bq| m‡ev©cwi wZwb †h ag© wbi‡c¶Zvi K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv‡Z me ag© I me© fvlvi †jvK‡ì mnve¯nv‡bi K_v wZwb e‡j‡Qb Ges GB mewKQyiB cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq Avgv‡ì 1972 Gi msweav‡b| Avgv‡ì GKwU †mŠfvM¨ †h wKQy mvnmx e¨w³ H Rbmfvi `„k¨ wd‡j¥ aviY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges †m Pjgvb `„k¨ †`L‡j eyS‡Z †Kvb Amyweav nq bv †h j¶ j¶ †jv‡Ki mgv‡ek n‡qwQj †m Rbmfvq| myZivs †mB Rbmfv †h ¯nv‡b n‡qwQj Zv wPwýZ Kiv Avgv‡ì miKv‡ii mvsweavwbK `vwqZ¡| BwZnvm‡K a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ Ges †mB BwZnvm‡K Avcvgi Rbmvavib‡K Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ e½eÜy †h ¯’v‡b GB KvjRqx fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb †m ¯’vb wPwýZ K‡i 7B gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvlYwU cv_‡i DrKxY© K‡i Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU cÖ`k©b GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| Zvn‡jB Avgv‡ì fwel¨r cÖRb¥ Zv‡ì wkKo mÜv‡bi my‡hvM cv‡e| 1971 mv‡j 25‡k gvP© †_‡K cieZ©x 9gvm cvK evwnbx I Zv‡ì ¯’vbxq †`vmi Avjeì, Avjmvgm& I ivRvKviiv G†`‡ki j¶ j¶ gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q Ges j¶vwaK gvÐ‡ev‡bi B¾Z jyÚb K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ cwi‡k‡l Zv‡ì‡K gyw³evwnbx I wgÎevwnbxi wbKU civwRZ n‡Z n‡q‡Q Ges AvZ¥mgc©b Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| djkÖywZ‡Z cvKevwnbx Zv‡ì me©vwabvq‡Ki †bZ„‡Z¡ H HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bB 1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤¦i AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡iwQj Ges GB HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`vb Z_v eZ©gv‡b †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡bB RvwZ Drhvcb K‡i Zv‡ì HwZnvwmK weRq Ges Ae‡jvKb K‡i nZ¨vKvix I jyÚbKvix cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©‡bi `„k¨| Kv‡RB GB gq`vb Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i Pyovš— weRq I †MŠi‡ei mv¶x| †h ¯’v‡b cvKevwnbxi me©vwabvqK AvZ¥mgc©b K‡iwQj †mB ¯nvb wPwýZ K‡i Z_vq AvZ¥mgc©‡bi `wj‡j D‡j−wLZ evK¨¸wj †k¦Z cv_‡i DrKxY© K‡i Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU cÖ`k©‡bi eë¯’v Kiv eZ©gvb miKv‡ii mvsweavwbK `vwqZ¡| G‡Z K‡i Avgv‡ì fwel¨Z cÖRb¥ gyw³hy‡×i cÖK…Z BwZnvm Ges gyw³hy‡×i mv‡_ m¤ú„³ GB HwZnvwmK ¯’vb Ae‡jvKb Kivi my‡hvM cv‡e| Giƒc GKwU M‡e©i, †MŠi‡ei ¯’vb‡K hw` wPwýZ Kiv bv nq Zv n‡e BwZnv‡mi Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì Pig D`vmxbZv Ges fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i Kv‡Q ¶gvi A‡hvM¨ Aciva| 16B wW‡m¤¦i weRq AR©‡bi c‡i evOvwj RvwZi Pig D‡ØM wQj e½eÜy K‡e Zuvi wcÖq gvZ„f~wg‡Z wdi‡eb| RvwZi GB Aaxi cÖZx¶vi cwimgvwß N‡UwQj 1972 mv‡ji 10B Rvbyqvwi| GB w`‡b e½eÜyi cvwK¯—v‡bi KvivMvi †_‡K cÖ_‡g jÛb Zvic‡i w`j−x n‡q XvKv wd‡ib| GBw`‡b wZwb 8

Gqvi‡cvU© †_‡K Zuvi evm¯’vb wKsev cwiev‡ii mv‡_ †`Lv bv K‡iB P‡j G‡mwQ‡jb GB †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b Z_v ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b, Zuvi cÖvYwcÖq evOvwj RbM‡Yi gv‡S| Akª“wm³ bq‡b Dwb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †h fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv wd‡j¥ aviY Kiv Av‡Q| e½eÜyi GB cÖZ¨veZ©bwU wQj Avcvgi evOvwj‡`i Rb¨ GKwU HwZnvwmK NUbv Ges hvi wbie mv¶x ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`vb eZ©gv‡b †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb, myZivs HwZnvwmK NUbvi mv¶x D³ mfv¯’jwU wPwýZ Kiv Ges Zvi msi¶Y Kiv BwZnvm i¶vi LvwZ‡i GÖKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ GKwU gq`vb hv m¦vaxbZvi c~‡e© †im‡Kvm© Ges m¦vaxbZvi c‡i †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb wnmv‡e cwiwPZ Ges †hLv‡b cvuPÐcuvPwU HwZnvwmK NUbv msNwUZ n‡q‡Q Ges mgMª evOvwj RvwZ Zv cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Q hv Avgv‡`i RbRxe‡bi mv‡_ Z_v gyw³hy‡×i mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| GB NUbvi mg~n Am¦xKvi Kivi †Kvb Dcvq †bB Ges Am¦xKvi Ki‡j Zv n‡e †`k†cÖgnxb mvwgj| RbMY‡K †`k‡cÖg DØy× Kivi Rb¨ I Avcvgq RbmvaviY‡K ivRbxwZ m‡PZb Kiv Rb¨ mv‡eK †im‡Kvm© gq`vb eZ©gv‡b †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b msNwVZ Dc‡iv³ NUbv mg~‡ni ¯’vb wPwýZ Ges msi¶Y Kiv iv‡óªi Z_v cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki GKvš— `vwqZ¡ e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi Ges G wel‡q Av`vj‡Zi Av‡`k †`‡ki gsM‡ji Rb¨ GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb|ÕÕ

wZwb AviI e‡jb †h 30(wÎk) j¶ knx‡ì i³vc−yZ GB evsjv‡`k| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’vb, XvKv kni I Av‡k cv‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b UP©vi †m‡j cvwK¯— vb ‡mbvevwnbx I Zv‡ì †`vmi AvjÐeì, Avj kvg&m, ivRvKvi BZ¨vw` evwnbx evOvwj‡ì jBqv wMqv AK_¨ AeY©bxq I Pig AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZb KiZt iv‡qi evRvi, wgicyi I wewfbœ ea¨f~wg‡Z Zvnvw`†Mi jvk wb‡¶c K‡i| GBiƒc wbg©g nZ¨vKvÛ c„w_exi BwZnv‡m weij| mgMª evsjv‡`‡k GBiƒc AmsL¨ ea¨f~wg iwnqv‡Q

†h¸wj wPwýZ KiZt i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv Aek¨ cÖ‡qvRb| wZwb wb‡e`b K‡ib †h hw`I wVK GBiƒc cÖv_©bv Kwiqv Rule wU Rvix nq bvB wKš‘ †h‡nZy msweav‡bi 24

Aby‡”Q‡`i Av‡jv‡K Rule wU Rvix nBqv‡Q Ges †h‡nZy 1971 m‡b evsjv‡`‡ki

Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P wewfbœ ¯’v‡b GBiƒc b„ksm Kv‡jv Aa¨vq A¼vwqZ nBqv‡Q hvnv‡`i

AZ„ß AvZ¥v nq‡Zv GLbI Ôme SyU nvqÕ ewjqv nvnvKvi K‡i, m‡e©vcwi, wZwb 9

wb‡e`b K‡ib †h †`‡ki eZ©gvb cÖRb¥ I fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb †h

Zvnviv GLb †h m¦vaxb †`‡k emevm K‡i †m †`‡ki m¦vaxbZv AR©b Kwi‡Z

1971 Gi cÖR‡b¥i KZ Z¨vM, KZ AvZ¥ewj`vb cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z nBqvwQj| †mB‡nZy

UiPvi †mj I ea¨f~wg¸wj wPwýZ KiZt msi¶Y Kwievi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wZwb wb‡e`b

K‡ib|

`iLv¯—KvixØ‡qi e³e¨ t

`iLv¯—KvixØq DfqB evsjv‡`‡ki we`» bvMwiK Ges mgv‡R wbR wbR

†¶‡Î mycÖwZwôZ| GB Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb ixU& †gvKvÏgvq DÌvwcZ welq¸wj m¤ú‡K©

Zvnv‡`i e¨w³MZ AwfgZ mivmwi Zvnv‡`i wbKU nB‡Z ïwb‡Z PvIqv nq| AZtci,

Dfq `iLv¯—Kvix e¨w³MZfv‡e Av`vj‡Z Dcw¯’Z nBqv AÎ †gvKvÏgv `v‡q‡ii

KviY e¨vL¨v K‡ib|

1 bs `iLv¯—Kvix e‡jb †h evsjv‡`k 38 ermi c~‡e© m¦vaxb nB‡jI wKfv‡e GB m¦vaxbZv AwR©Z nBj †m m¤¦‡Ü eZ©gvb cÖRb¥ cÖK…Z c‡¶ wKQyB

Rv‡b bv| Zvnviv Rv‡b bv †h Kvnv‡`i AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q GB †`k m¦vaxb nBqvwQj| Z‡e Zvnviv wb‡RivI GB e¨_©Zvi fvMx`vi ewjqv m¦xKvi K‡ib| KviY

GK w`‡K Zvnviv eZ©gvb cÖRb¥‡K GB m¤¦‡Ü cÖK…Z Z_¨ cÖKvk Kwi‡Z e¨_© nBqv‡Qb, Ab¨ w`‡K `yf©vM¨ ekZt gyw³hy‡×i wec¶ kw³ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Awem¥iYxq

†MŠie‡K gywQqv †dwj‡Z me©`v Zrci wQj| we‡kl Kwiqv 1975 m‡bi 15B

AMv‡ó e½eÜy‡K nZ¨v Kwievi Rb¨ ci gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm weK…Z Kwievi Rb¨ wbwðZ cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb nq| GB cÖ‡Póvi Ask wnmv‡e evOvwj RvwZi wewfbœ HwZnvwmK m¥„wZ weRwoZ ¯’vb mg~n cwieZ©b Kiv nq ev aŸsm Kiv nq| igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`vb ev eZ©gvb †mvn&ivIqvw`© D`¨vb †ZgbB GKwU HwZnvwmK ¯’vb| Avgv‡`i m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi mwnZ GB D`¨v‡bi mivmwi m¤ú„³Zv iwnqv‡Q| GB gq`v‡bB

1971 m‡bi 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L e½eÜy we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg †kÖô fvl‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi WvK w`qvwQ‡jb| GB ¯’v‡bB 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L cvwK¯— vbx ‡mbvbxMY AvZ¥mgc©b KwiqvwQj| GB ¯’v‡bB cvwK¯—v‡bi ew›``kv nB‡Z m¦vaxb evsjv‡`‡k 1971 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwi wdwiqv Avwmqv e½eÜy j¶ j¶ RbZvi 10

m¤§y‡L fvlY `vb K‡ib| GB mKj ¯’vb¸wj HwZnvwmK Zvrch© enb K‡i| GB mKj ¯’vb¸wj Avgv‡`i RvZxq M‡e©i ¯’vb A_P 38 erm‡iI ‡Kvb miKvi H mKj ¯’vb¸wj‡K wPwýZ KiZt h_vh_ gh©v`v cÖ`vb Kwiqv i¶vYv‡e¶‡Yi †Kvb c`‡¶c Mªnb K‡ib bvB| eiÂ H mKj HwZnvwmK ¯’vb mg~‡n wkïcvK© wbg©vY

Kwiqv Avgv‡`i BwZnvm‡K gywQqv †dwjevi cÖqvm cvBqv‡Q| A_P wkïcvK© Ab¨

†h †Kvb ¯’v‡bB nB‡Z cvwiZ| wKš‘, wZwb wb‡e`b K‡ib †h eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i wbKU nB‡Z GB mKj HwZnvwmK ¯’vb mg~n Avovj Kwievi Amr D‡Ï‡k¨B

‡mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨v‡bi D³ ¯’v‡b wkï cvK© wbg©vY Kiv nBqv‡Q|

2 bs ìLv¯—Kvix Avgv‡ì AvnŸv‡b Ab¨vb¨ e³‡eï mwnZ e‡jb t

1. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 2. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 3. G cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avgv‡ì Av‡e`b, e½eÜyi 7 gv‡P©i e³„Zv †h ¯’vb †_‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges 16B wW‡m¤¦i †h ¯’v‡b nvbv`vi cvwK¯—vbx evwnbx †hŠ_ evwnbxi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©b K‡iwQj Zv wPwýZKiY, msi¶Y Ges Zv‡Z †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZv _vK‡j Zv AcmviY| 4. 1971 mv‡ji 26‡k gvP© e½eÜy m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘, Avgiv g‡b Kwi †`kevmx‡K m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ cÖ¯—ywZ †bqvi WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb 7gvP©| 7 gv‡P©i ci cvwK¯—vb iv‡óªi Aš—M©Z m‡Z¡I ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g mgvš—ivj GKwU iv‡óªi m„wó n‡qwQj †h iv‡óªi RbMY I miKvix cÖkvmb e½eÜyi GKK KZ©„Z¡ †g‡b wb‡qwQjb| c„w_exi BwZnv‡m G ai‡Yi NUbv Av‡M KLbI N‡U‡Q e‡j Rvbv †bB| evOvwj‡ì iv‡óªi ZLb †_‡KB hv m¦xK…Z n‡q‡Q 26 gvP© e½eÜyi m¦vaxbZvi †Nvlbvi gva¨‡g| GB e³„Zv evOvwj‡ì cÖ¯—yZ K‡i‡Q gyw³hy‡×i Rb¨, bÕ gv‡mi hy‡× kw³ hywM‡q‡Q evOvwj‡K, AbycÖvwbZ K‡i‡Q cieZx© ‡Rbv‡ikb‡K| 5. †h cvwK¯—vwb mvgwiK evwnbx‡K A‡Rq g‡b Kiv n‡Zv †m evwnbxI cÖvq GKB ¯nv‡b AvZ¥mgc©b K‡i| cÖvq GK j¶ †mbv I wmwfj Kg©Pvwi AvZ¥mgc©b K‡i †hŠ_ evwnbxi Kv‡Q hv weij GKwU NUbv| 16 wW‡m¤¦i weRq wèm I AvR‡Ki iv‡óªi AvbyôvwbK m„wó| c„w_exi Avi †Kv‡bv †`‡k weRq wèm †NvlYv 11

Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j Rvbv †bB| GwU Zvrch©gq G Kvi‡b †h, evOvwj RvwZ I evOvwj ivóª AvbyôvwbK Avš—Rv©wZK m¦xK…wZ cvq 16 wW‡m¤¦i| 6. G cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z evOvwj ivóª I RvwZi Rb¨ ¯nvb `yÕwU ïay HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡m¤úœB bq, Zvrch©gwÛZ m¥„wZ wb`k©bI e‡U| GKB m‡½ D‡j−L¨, G Zvrch©gq ¯nvb mg~n‡K weK…Z Kiv nq †jt †Rbv‡ij wRqvi mgq hvi me‡P‡q eo Aciva evOvwj‡ì msweav‡bi g~jbxwZ cwieZ©b A‡¯¿i mvnv‡h¨| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ| weGbwc Avg‡j GKz‡k c`KcÖvß mvsevw`K wMqvm Kvgvj †PŠayix H Zvrch©gq ¯’v‡b wkïcvK© wbg©vY m¤ú‡K© wj‡LwQ‡jbÐÔÔ c„w_exi †Kv_vI gymjgvb‡ì civR‡qi wPý †bB| wQj ïay GB †`‡k| †mB wPý gy‡Q †djvi Rb¨ ivóªcwZ wRqv GLv‡b wkïcvK© ‰Zwii wb‡`©k w`‡q wQ‡jbÕÕ (hyMvš—i, 9.12.1997 (1998)| D‡j−L¨ Rbve †PŠayix wRqvDi ingv‡bi Av`‡k©i c~Rvix| G‡Z mZ¨Zv Av‡Q GB Kvi‡Y, gymjgvb ej‡Z GLv‡b nvbv`vi cvwK¯—vbx‡ì †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges Avgiv †`‡LwQ wRqvi Av`‡k©i m‡½ 1971 c~e©eZx© Av`‡k©i wgj Av‡Q hv Avgv‡ì ivóª MVb, g~jbxwZ I m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvi m‡½ mvsNwl©K| 7. gvP© e³„Zvi g~j ‰ewkó¨ wbi¯¿‡ì wb‡q mk¯¿‡ì wei“‡× cÖwZ‡iva| †mwU Avgv‡ì BwZnv‡mi g~j NUbv| ivóª wQj Av‡M mk¯¿‡ì `L‡j| 16 wW‡m¤¦i †mB wbi¯¿‡ì msMªvg Rqjvf K‡i| cieZx©Kv‡j mk¯¿‡ì Av`‡k©i Abymvix wRqv cÖwZwbwaZ¦ K‡i‡Qb mkmª‡ì| myZivs, mk¯¿‡ì (cvwK¯— vwb/gymjgvb) G civRq wZwb †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ib wb| G cwi‡cÖw¶‡ZI ej‡Z cvwi Zvrch©gwÛZ m¥„wZ wb`k©b/¯’vb‡K weK…Z I webvk Kiv n‡q‡Q hv 24 Aby‡”Q‡ì cwicwš’| 8. evsjv‡`‡ki mg¯— MY Av‡›`vjb I evsjv‡`k m„wói g~j KviY, cwK¯—vwb kvmK‡ì evOvwj‡ì mvs¯K…wZK HwZn¨ I DËivwaKvi webv‡ki †Póv, 1948 †_‡K hvi ïi“| gyw³hy‡×i †cQ‡b GB mvs¯K…wZK HwZn¨ hvi g~j †`Övn Zv KvR K‡iwQj| gyw³hy× Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q ïay BwZnv‡mi gvBj djK bq, Gi †PZbv Avgv‡ì mvs¯K…wZK HwZn¨ I DËivwaKvi Ges GB BwZnv‡m 7 gvP© I 16 wW‡m¤¦i ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| †h Kvi‡Y 23 Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx I GB HwZn¨ I DËivwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ ivóªxq eë¯’v cÖ‡qvRb| 12

9. cÖkœ D‡V ivóªxq g~jbxwZ Av`vj‡Z Mªvn¨ wKbv| Aek¨B Mªvn¨| cÖv³b A¨vUwY© †Rbv‡ij gvngy`yj Bmjvg Zuvi Constitutiional Law of Bangladesh – G Gi we¯—vwiZ e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki nvB‡Kv‡U©i iv‡qi bwRi wb‡q weÁ AvBbRxexMY GLv‡b Av‡Qb, d‡j G wel‡q wKQy ejv Avgvi AbywPZ| 10. Avwg ïay eje, Avgv‡ì msweavb cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q GB g~jbxwZi Av‡jv‡K, Ges iv‡óªi A‡bK KvR cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q GB bxwZi Øviv| 22 Aby‡”Q‡` Av‡Q, ÔÔiv‡óªi wbe©vnx A½ mg~n nB‡Z wePvi wefvM c„_KxKiY ivóª wbwðZ Kwi‡eb|ÕÕ mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i GB welqK iv‡qi wfwË wbðq 22 Aby‡”Q`| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐevsjv‡`‡ki hveZxq AvB‡bi wfwËI n‡Z n‡e GB g~jbxwZ| 11. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 12. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 13. Avgv‡ì †h RvwZmË¡v wba©vwiZ n‡qwQj 1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© I 16 wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L Zv‡K AvB‡WbwUwU ev AvZ¥cwiPq ej‡Z cvwi| Zvi webvk decency I dignity i m‡½ A_©vr †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii m‡½ mvsNwl©K| RvwZ mZ¡v wba©vib Ges ivóª MV‡bi m‡½ Ôtradition, culture and heritageÕ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| myZivs G m¤cwK©Z †h †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi AcmviY ev webwóKib ev weK…wZqvb mvsNwl©K| G †¶‡Î Avgv‡ì ivóªxq g~jbxwZ I msweav‡bi Z„Zxqfv‡Mi g‡a¨ †Kvb AmvgÄm¨ †bB| 14. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐHwZnvwmK Zvrch©gq ¯nvb weK…wZqvb ev webvkKib‡K Avwg g‡b Kwi Avgv‡ì AvZ¥mg¥vb I gh©v`vq c`vNvZ I Avgv‡ì Acgvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB Acgvb †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ Avwg hy‡×i bq Avcbv‡ì Øvi¯’ n‡qwQ †hLv‡b wbi¯¿‡ì AvwacZ¨ i¶v Kiv hvq| Avi G iv‡óªi hw` wbi¯¿‡ì AwaKvi i¶vi †Kv‡bv KeP bv _v‡K Z‡e Zv n‡e G iv‡óªi †gŠwjK bxwZ mg~‡ni g~‡j KyVvivNvZ| 15. Av‡e`‡b Dwj−wLZ nqwb ZeyI cÖvmw½K weavq Av‡iKwU wel‡qi cÖwZ Av`vj‡Zi `„wó AvKl©Y Kwi| Av`vj‡Zi hw` gwR© nq Zv n‡j m¦ZcÖ‡bvw`Z n‡q welqwU we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z cv‡ib| †hwU n‡”Q ea¨f~wg I MYKei cÖm½| Avgiv ewj 30 j¶ knx` n‡qwQj G iv‡óªi Rb¨| G 30 j‡¶i AwaKvsk ARvbv Ges wewfbœ ea¨ f~wg Zv‡ì m¥„wZ| 1996 mv‡j †h miKvi wQj †m miKvi ea¨ f~wg msi¶‡bi GKwU cÖKí Mªnb K‡iwQj, cieZ©x miKvi Zv evwZj 13

K‡i †`q hv Avgv‡`i BwZnvm, HwZn¨ gy‡Q †`qvi mvwgj| GB knx‡`i m¥„wZ msi¶‡bi Rb¨ Mªvg ch©vq †_‡K ea¨ f~wg I MYKei mg~n wPwýZ I msi¶‡bi Rb¨ miKv‡ii cÖwZ wb‡`©k †`qv †nvK| GB mKj m¥„wZ ev BwZnv‡mi Zvrch©gwÛZ ¯nvb mg~n msiw¶Z n‡j cÖR‡b¥i ci cÖRb¥ Rvb‡e, m¦vaxbZv ïay Pvi A¶‡ii kã gvÎ bq, Gi †cQ‡b Av‡Q GK mvMi i³ Avi AkÖy Avi ‡e`bv|

cÖv_wgK Av‡jvPbv t

ìLv¯—KvixØq Ges ìLv¯—Kvix I cÖwZev`x c‡¶ Dcw¯’Z weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`qMY‡K kÖeb Kiv nBj Ges ìLv¯— I Gwd‡WwfU& Ges GZ`msµvš—

`vwLjK…Z KvMRvw`, cy¯—K, Mªš’vw` I msev`cÎ mg~n ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nBj|

cÖZxqgvb nq †h ìLv¯—KvixØq msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q‡ì AvIZvq cÖv³b igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AbywôZ wewfbœ HwZnvwmK NUbvejx hvnv Avgv‡ì RvZxq

Rxe‡b we‡kl Kwiqv evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡g wewfbœ mg‡q A¼vqxZ nBqvwQj

Zvnv msi¶Y Kwievi cÖv_©bv Kwiqv‡Qb|

evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q` wbæi“ct

ÔÔ24| we‡kl ‰kwíK wKsev HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡m¤úbœ ev Zvrch©gwÛZ m¥„wZ wb`k©b, e¯—y ev ¯’vb mg~n‡K weK…wZ, webvk ev AcmviY nB‡Z i¶v Kwievi Rb¨ ivóª e¨e¯’v MªnY Kwi‡eb|ÕÕ

AÎ ixU& ‡gvKÏgvwU msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq g~yjZ cÖv³b igbv

†im‡Kvm© gq`vb, eZ©gvb †mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨v‡bi HwZnvwmK ¯’vb mg~n wPwýZ KiZt msi¶Y Kwievi Rb¨ miKv‡ii Dci wb‡`©kbv cÖv_©bv Kwiqv `v‡qi Kiv nBqv‡Q|

msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q` wbgœwjwLZ welq¸wj weK…wZ, webvk ev AcmviY Kiv nB‡Z i¶v Kwievi wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Q t

K) we‡kl ‰kwíK ¯§„wZ wb`k©b, e¯—y ev ¯’vbmg~n L) HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ m¤úbœ ev Zvrch©gwÛZ ¯§„wZ wb`k©b, e¯—y ev ¯’vbmg~n|

igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`vb eû c~e© †gvMj Avgj nB‡ZB HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ enb

K‡i| †gvMj Avgj nB‡Z weªwUk ivR Gi †kl mgq ch©š— Bnvi PZyc©v‡k© wewfbœ weeZ©b AbywôZ nBqv‡Q| cÖZxqgvb nq †h XvKv¯’ †gvMj I weªwUk mvgªv‡R¨i eY©bv

Kwi‡Z †M‡j Aek¨¤¢vexiƒ‡c igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi K_v DwVqv Avwm‡e Ges GB gq`vb eû c~e© nB‡ZB BwZnv‡mi Ask nBqv iwnqv‡Q|

AÎ ixU& †gvKvÏgvwU‡Z cÖv_wgKfv‡e igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`vb Gi †h

¯’vb¸wj‡Z e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb 1971 m‡bi 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L Zvunvi

HwZnvwmK fvlY cÖ`vb KwiqvwwQ‡jb Ges 16B wW‡m¤¦i cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx

AvZ¥mgc©Y KwiqvwQj †mB ¯’vb¸wj wPwýZ KiZt D³ ¯’vb¸wj HwZnvwmK ¯’vb wnmv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©k cÖv_©bv Kiv nBqvwQj|

ixU& †gvKvÏgvwU ïbvbxi mgq Aek¨ `iLv¯—Kvix c‡¶ Dc‡iv³ `yBwU

ZvwiL e¨wZ‡i‡KI D³ gq`v‡b 1948 mb nB‡Z AbywôZ AviI K‡qKwU mfvi

HwZnvwmK ¸i“‡Z¡i K_v Zywjqv awiqv D³ ¯’vb¸wjI wPwýZ Kwiqv i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi

Av‡`k cÖv_©bv K‡ib| ZvnvQvov, 1971 m‡bi bqgvm hy×Kvjxb mgq †h j¶ j¶ wbivciva wbi¯¿ gvbe mš—vb‡K AKvi‡Y wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kwiqv evsjv‡`‡ki

Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P wewfbœ RvqMvq cywZqv ivLv nBqv‡Q †mB mKj ¯’vb¸wjI wPwýZ

Kwiqv msi¶Y Kwievi Rb¨ †gŠwLK cÖv_©bv Rvbvb nq| GB cÖv_©bv m¤ú‡K©

Dcw¯’Z weÁ A¨vUwY© †Rbv‡i†ji e³e¨ AvnŸvb Kwi‡j wZwb e‡jb †h gnvb gyw³hy× evOvwj RvwZi me©‡kÖô AR©b| GB ixU& †gvKvÏgvwU†Z hw`I cÖv_wgKfv‡e gvÎ

`yBwU HwZnvwmK NUbv m¤¦‡Ü wb‡`©kbv cÖv_©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡¶ evOvwj

RvwZi GB AR©b msµvš— mKj †kÖô HwZnvwmK NUbvejx m¤¦‡ÜB w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ‡qvRb ewjqv wZwb wb‡e`b K‡ib| 1971 m‡bi 7B gvP©, 16B wW‡m¤¦i e¨wZ‡i‡K

1948 m‡bi 21‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g MfY©i

†Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&i fvlY, 1969 m‡bi 23†k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L

AvMiZjv †gvKvÏgv nB‡Z m`¨ gyw³ cÖvß ‡kL gywR‡ei w`K wb‡`©kbv g~jK fvlY,

1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L Z`vwbš—b cvwK¯—v‡bi c~ev©Âj nB‡Z RvZxq cwil‡` I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` wbe©vwPZ m`m¨M‡Yi 6 `dvi wfwË‡Z msweavb cÖYqb 15

Kwievi kc_ Mªnb Abyôvb, cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z gyw³cÖvß nBqv XvKvq AvMgb KiZt

1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwii fvlY Ges 17B gvP© Zvwi‡L fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv

MvÜx KZ„©K cÖ`Ë fvlY Gi ¯’vb¸wj wPwýZ Kwiqv i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ `iLv¯—Kvixi cÖv_©bv weÁ A¨vUwY©Ð†Rbv‡ij cwic~Y© mg_©b K‡ib|

ea¨f~wg m¤¦‡Ü `iLv¯—Kvix c‡¶i weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`q Ges cÖwZev`x c‡¶ Dcw¯’Z weÁ A¨vUwY© Ð‡Rbv‡ij g‡nv`q DfqB e‡jb †h gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q

†h j¶ j¶ wbivciva gvbe mš—vb MYnZ¨vi m¦xKvi nBqvwQ‡jb Zvnviv GB evsjv‡`‡kiB mš—vb| ïaygvÎ evOvwj nBevi Aciv‡a, evsjv fvlvq K_v ewjevi

Aciv‡a Zvnvw`M‡K GKwU bxj bKkvi AvIZvq cwiKwíZfv‡e avivevwnKZvi mwnZ nZ¨v Kiv nq| weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`qMY e‡jb †h, †h‡nZy evsjv‡`†ki Rb¨B

Zvnviv evsjv‡`‡kiB wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cÖvY w`qv‡Qb †m‡nZy Zvnviv evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i BwZnv‡mi Aš—M©Z nBqv‡Qb Ges †h‡nZy Zvnv‡`iB j¶ KsKv‡ji

Dci AvR GB evsjv†`k `uvovBqv iwnqv‡Q †mB‡nZy Zvnv‡`i ¤§„wZ i¶v KivI

Avgv‡`i RvZxq `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨|

D‡j−L¨ †h eZ©gvb ixU& †gvKvÏgvq `iLv¯—KvixØqc‡¶ Dcw¯’Z

G¨vW&‡fv‡KU g‡nv`q e¨wZ‡i‡K mycÖxg †KvU© evi G¨v‡mvwqk‡bi eZ©gvb †cÖwm‡W›U

I †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvix I †ek K‡qKRb cÖv³b †cÖwm‡W›U I †Rbv‡ij †mµUvix

Ges cÖexb AvBbRxweMY `iLv¯—Kvix c‡¶i Dc‡iv³ Av‡e`‡bi m¦c‡¶ e³e¨ iv‡Lb|

Dfq c‡¶i e³e¨ kÖeY Kiv nBj| eZ©gvb ixU& †gvKvÏgvwU GKwU mvaviY

†gvKvÏgv bq| Bnv †Kvb wbw`©ó `yBc‡¶i g‡a¨ †Kvb we‡kl ZwK©Z Av‡`k jBqv

†gvKvÏgv bq| Bnv GKwU Rbm¦v_©g~jK †gvKvÏgv| Bnvi 1 bs `iLv¯—Kvix

Avgv‡`i m¦vaxbZv hy‡× Ôexi DËgÕ cÖvß GKRb exi gyw³‡hv×v I †mbv bvqK| 2 bs `iLv¯—Kvix XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BwZnvm wefv‡Mi GKRb cÖw_Zhkv Aa¨vcK|

BwZnvm I gyw³hy‡×i Dci Zvnvi cÖPyi †gŠwjK Ae`vb iwnqv‡Q| eZ©gvb †gvKvÏgvq

`iLv¯—KvixM‡Yi †Kvb e¨w³MZ m¦v_© RwoZ bvB| evOvwji me©‡kÖô AR©b gyw³hy‡×i wewfbœ wewjqgvb ¯§„„wZ msi¶Y Kwievi D‡Ï‡k¨B Zvnv‡`i GB cÖ‡Póv| 16

cÖK…Zc‡¶ msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q` evOvwj RvwZi BwZnvm msi¶‡Yi `vwqZ¡ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Dci b¨¯— Kwi‡jI G m¤¦‡Ü †Kvb c`‡¶c G hveZ Kvj

†Kvb miKvi MªnY Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv cÖZxqgvb nq bv| Bnv miKv‡ii Z_v GB

RvwZi BwZnvm wegyLZvi cwiPq A_P iv‡óªi wbRm¦ BwZnvm e¨wZ‡i‡K we‡k¦i mf¨ ivóª mfvq Avgiv mf¨Zvi wbwi‡L wbæMvgx hw`I evOvwj mf¨Zvi ms¯K…wZ `yBnvRvi erm‡iiI cyivZb | m‡e©vcwi evOvwji †kÖô AR©b gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvmI Pigfv‡e

D‡cw¶Z I Ae‡nwjZ| ïay ZvnvB b‡n, msweav‡bi wb‡`©wkKvI m‡PZbfv‡e

Agvb¨ nB‡Z‡Q|

GgZ Ae¯’vq †h‡nZy msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i HwZnvwmK ¯’vb mg~n weK…wZ, webvk ev AcmviY nB‡Z i¶Yv‡e¶Y KiY, iv‡óªi mvsweavwbK `vwqZ¡

I KZ©e¨, †m‡nZy c¶M‡Yi `vexK…Z †im&‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AbywôZ 5 (cuvP)wU mfv

I `yBwU Abyôvb msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq ÔHwZnvwmKÕ GB kZ© c~iY

K‡i wKbv Zvnv we‡ePbvi Rb¨ MªnY Kiv nBj|

igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`vb t

GLv‡b ewjevi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`vb eû HwZnvwmK

NUbvi mv¶¨ enb K‡i| †gvMj Avg‡jI igbvi Aw¯—Z¡ wQj| dvwm© fvlvq ÔigbvÕ k‡ãi A_© meyR Nv‡m XvKv gq`vb| Bs‡iR Avg‡j Nb R½j cwi¯‹vi Kwiqv

†im‡Kvm© ‰Zix Kiv nq| e½f‡½i ci Bnvi PZyc©v‡k weªwUk iv‡Ri m‡ev©”P

Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi evm feb wbg©vb Kiv nq| 1947 m‡b fviZ fv‡Mi mg‡q I cvwK¯—vb

Avg‡jI GLv‡b †Nvov‡`Šo nBZ| evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m igbv †im&‡Kvm© gq`vb GK we‡kl ¯’vb `Lj Kwiqv Av‡Q| GB gq`v‡b eûevi GB RvwZi fvM¨ wba©viY nBqv‡Q| gnvKv‡ji b¨vq eû HwZnvwmK NUbvi mv¶x wnmv‡e iwnqv‡Q GB gq`vb|

1948 m‡bi 21†k gvP© Zvwi‡Li fvlY t

1948 m‡bi 21†k gvP© Zvwi‡L GB gq`v‡b AbywôZ Rbmfvq m`¨ m¦vaxbZvcÖvß cvwK¯—vb RvwZi wcZv (Kvq‡` AvRg) †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&i wbKU nB‡Z Dcw¯’Z RbZv weg~p nBqv kÖeY K‡i ‡h cvwK¯—v‡bi 56% kZvsk evOvwj 17

Rb‡Mvôx m¤¦wjZ iv‡óªi ivóª fvlv nB‡e evsjvi cwie‡Z© D`©y| cvwK¯—vb m„wói gvÎ

7(mvZ) gv‡mi gv_vq evOvwj †PZbv I we‡eK GB cÖ_g GKwU cÖPÛ av°vi m¤§yLxb nBj|

D‡j−L¨ †h fviZ wefw³i eû c~e© nB‡ZB ivóª fvlv evsjv nB‡e bv D`y© nB‡e

Zvnv jBqv g„`y weZK© I †jLv‡jwL nB‡ZwQj Z‡e jv‡nvi cÖ¯—ve Abymv‡i gymjgvb msL¨vMwió `yBwU AÂj jBqv `yBwU c„_K m¦vaxb ivóª nBevi `vex _vKvq Bnv jBqv

ZLb †Zgb †Kvb Av‡jvob m„wó nq bvB| Z‡e GKK cvwK¯—v‡bi `vex DÌvcb nB‡j Ges fviZ wefw³i ZvwiL 1948 nB‡Z 1947 m‡b AvMvBqv Avwm‡j GB cÖm½ AveviI Av‡jvPbvq Av‡m| 1947 m‡bi RyjvB gv‡m AvjxMo wek¦we`¨vj‡qi

DcvPvh© W. wRqvDwÏb Avn&‡g` cvwK¯—vb iv‡óªi ivóªfvlv D`©y nIqv DwPr ewjqv gZ cÖKvk Kwi‡j AveviI weZ‡K©i m~ÎcvZ nq| wewkó fvlvwe` W. gyn¤§` kwn`yj−vn cvwK¯—v‡bi Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv wnmv‡e evsjv fvlvi †hŠw³KZv hyw³ cÖgvbmn Dc¯’vcb

K‡ib| GB mKj Av‡jvPbv Pwj‡Z _vKv Ae¯’vq 14B AMvó fviZ fvM nq Ges cvwK¯—vb m„wó nq| 1 jv †m‡Þ¤¦i XvKvq ZgÏyb gRwjk bv‡g GKwU ms¯’v MwVZ nq| GB ms¯’v evsjv fvlvi m¦c‡¶ wewfbœ cÖPvi Avi¤¢ K‡i| 1947 m‡bi 5B wW‡m¤¦i cvwK¯—v‡bi Z`vwbš—b ivRavbx KivPx‡Z AbywôZ wk¶v m‡¤§j‡b D`©y‡K

GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv Kwievi mycvwik Kiv nq| c‡ii w`bB XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Bnvi

Zxeª cÖwZwµqv m„wó nq Ges evsjv‡K Ab¨Zg ivófvlv `vex Kiv nq| QvÎ mgv‡Ri

GB cÖwZev` mgv‡e‡k evOvwj Rb‡MvôxI ax‡i nB‡jI GKvZ¥Zv cÖKvk Kwi‡Z

_v‡K| GB mg‡q Ôivóªfvlv msMªvg cwil`Õ MwVZ nq| D³ msMªvg cwil` evsjv fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ Kwievi j‡¶ m¦v¶i msMªn Awfhvb Avi¤¢ K‡i

Ges K‡qK nvRvi m¦v¶i mn GKwU m¥viK wjwc 1948 m‡bi ‡deªyqvwi gv‡m miKv‡ii wbKU †cÖiY Kiv nq|

1948 m‡bi 23‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L KivPx‡Z cvwK¯—vb MYcwil‡`i cÖ_g

Awa‡ekb Avi¤¢ nq| D³ Awa‡ek‡b we‡ivax `‡ji kÖx ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë Bs‡iRx I

D`©yi mwnZ evsjv fvlv‡KI MYcwil‡`i fvlv wnmv‡e Mªn‡Yi cÖ¯—ve K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb [evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy×t `wjjcÎ (`wjjcÎ), cÖ_g LÛ, c„t 54Ð55) ] t 18

“ The language of the State should be such which can be understood by the common man of the State. The Common man of the State numbering four crores and forty millions find that the proceedings of this Assembly which is their mother of parliaments is being conduct in a language, Sir, which is unknow to them. Then, Sir, English has got an honoured place, Sir, in Rule 29. I know, Sir, English has got an honoured place because of the International Character. But, Sir, if English can have an honoured place in Rule 29 that the proceedings of the Assembly should be conducted in Urdu or English why Bangalee, which is spoken by four crores forty lacks of people should not have an honoured place, Sir, in rule 29 of the procedure Rules. So, Sir, I know I am voicing the sentiments of the vast millions of our State and therefore Bengalee should not be treated as a Provincial Language. If should be treated as the language of the State. And therefore, Sir, I suggest that after the word ‘English’, the words “Bengalee’ be inserted in Rule 29...... ”

we‡ivax `jxq m`m¨MY Zvnv‡K mg_©b Kwiqv e³e¨ cÖ`vb Kwi‡jI gymwjg jxM `‡ji †Kvb evOvwj m`m¨ ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë‡K mg_©b Kwiqv e³e¨ iv‡Lb bvB, eiÂ cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx I LvRv bvwRgywÏb evsjv fvlvi wec‡¶

Ges D`y©i c‡¶ ‡Rvivj e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| AZtci, ax‡i›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi cÖ¯—ve evwZj nBqv hvq| Bnv‡Z c~e© evsjvi QvÎ mgvR ¶yã nq Ges 26‡k ‡deªyqvwi

Zvwi‡L ag©NU cvjb K‡i| 2iv gvP© Zvwi‡L me©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMªvg KwgwU MwVZ nq Ges 11B gvP© mvaviY ag©NU cvj‡bi wm×vš— MªnY Kiv nq| Hw`b mwPevj‡q wc‡KwUs Kiv Ae¯nvq †kL gywReyi ingvb †MÖdZvi nb| m¦vaxbZvi gvÎ 7 (mvZ) gv‡mi gv_vq GB mvaviY ag©NU AbywôZ nq| Av‡›`vjb ZxeªZi nB‡Z _vwK‡j miKvi QvÎ †bZ„e„›`M‡Yi mwnZ Av‡jvPbv KiZt GKwU Pyw³‡Z Avwm‡Z eva¨ nq|

16B gvP© wek¦we`¨vjq cÖv½‡b msMªvg cwil‡`i GKwU mfv AbywôZ nq Ges

A¨v‡m¤¦wj †NivI Kg©m~wP jIqv nq| †kL gywRe wgwQ‡ji cy‡ivfv‡M _vwKqv mgMª wgwQj cwiPvjbv K‡ib| A¨v‡m¤¦jx feb †M‡U Zvnviv cÖavbgš¿x LvRv bvwRgDwÏ‡bi mv¶vr cÖv_x© nb wKš‘ cywjk evwnbx jvwVPvR© Kwiqv wgwQj QÎf½ Kwiqv †`q| eû msL¨K QvÎ ¸i“Zii“‡c AvnZ nq| GB NUbvi cÖwZev‡` ciw`b 17B gvP© cÖ‡`ke¨vcx wk¶vqZ‡b e¨vcK ag©NU nq| GBi“c we¶y× cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨B 19‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—v‡bi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn XvKvq AvMgb 19

K‡ib| 21 †k gvP© Zvwi‡L †im&‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wZwb GKwU bxwZ wba©viYx e³„Zv cÖ`vb

K‡ib| fvlv cÖm‡½ Avwmqv wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib (`wjjcÎt cÖ_g LÛ, c„t78Ð84)t

“...... let me make it very clear to you that the State Language of Pakistan is going to be Urdu and no other language. Any one who tries to mislead you is really the enemy of Pakistan. Without one State Language, no Nation can remain tied up solidly together and function. Look at the history of other countries. Therefore, so far as the State language is concerned, Pakistan’s language shall be Urdu.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

evOvwj RvwZi †fv‡Ui kw³‡Z cvwK¯—vb AR©b m¤¢e nBqvwQj| GB cvwK¯—v†b evOvvwj Zvnv‡`i †fv‡Ui m¦vaxbZv, evK m¦vaxbZv A_©‰bwZK m¦vaxbZv, wk¶vi m¦vaxbZv, K‡g©i m¦vaxbZv m‡e©vcix mvs¯K…wZK m¦vaxbZv GKvš—fv‡eB Kvgbv

KwiqvwQj| wewfbœ Av‡›`vjb me©‡kl cvwK¯—vb Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g Zvnviv ïay ivR‰bwZK m¦vaxbZv bq m¦vaxb gvbyl wnmv‡e we‡k¦i `iev‡i gv_v DuPy Kwiqv

ùvovB‡Z PvwnqvwQj| Zvnv‡ì mvwnZ¨, K…wó, ms¯K…wZØviv Zvnviv Zvnv‡ì HwZn¨‡K we‡k¦i ìev‡i Dc¯’vwcZ Kwi‡Z PvwnqvwQj| wKš‘ m¦vaxbZvi AeëwnZ c‡iB evsjv fvlv‡K ivóª fvlvi gh©v`v cÖ`v‡b cvwK¯—vb miKv‡ii Abxnv I weåvwš—Ki

Ae¯’v‡bi `i“Y evOvwj gvÎB wewm¥Z nB‡ZwQj KviY cvwK¯—vb iv‡óªi 56%

Awaevmxi gvZ„fvlv evsjv nIqv m‡Z¡I Bnv‡K ivóª fvlvi gh©v`v cÖ`vb bv

Kwiqv GKwU cÖv‡`wkK fvlv wnmv‡e MY¨ Kwievi †Kvb †hŠw³KZv m¦vfvweK fv‡eB

Zvnviv LyuwRqv cvB‡ZwQj bv|

GBiƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wRbœvn hLb GKgvÎ D`©yB ivóªfvlv wnmv‡e †NvlYv cÖ`vb Kwi‡jb ZLb GB igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Dcw¯’Z QvÎÐRbZv nZevK nBj| wRbœvn cvwK¯—vb RvwZi RbK I GKRb Awemsevw`Z †bZv wQ‡jb| c~e©e‡½I

†mB mgq Zuvnvi RbwcÖqZv wQj| NUbvi AvKwm¥KZvq Dcw¯’Z RbZvi GKwU weivU

Ask wRbœvni e³‡e¨ AZ¨š— ¶yä nBj| cÖwZev` gyLi bv nB‡jI gvÎ 7 gv‡mi gv_vq cvwK¯—vb m„wói D”Q¦v‡m GB cÖ_gevi Zvnviv GKwU cÖPÛ av°v LvBj|

Zvnv‡`i g‡b GKwU wØavi Rb¥ wbj, wb‡R‡`i mZ¨Kvi m¦vaxbZv wPš—v †PZbvq mvgvb¨ nB‡jI GKwU wPo LvBj| Zvnviv evOvwj bv cvwK¯—vbx GB cÖkœ 20

Zvnv‡`i g‡b GB cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ Dw`Z nB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwij| GB Kvi‡YB GB

Rbmfvi HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ iwnqv‡Q|

QvÎÐRbZvi Aš—‡i evsjv fvlv cÖ‡kœ wRbœvni †NvlYv †h cÖwZev`x I ¶yã gvbwmKZvi m„wó nBqvwQj Bnvi ewntcÖKvk nq 24 †k gvP© Zvwi‡L mgveZ©b

Abyôv‡b | KvR©b n‡j AbywôZ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mgveZ©b Abyôv‡b wRbœvn cybivq e‡jb (`wjjcÎt cÖ_g LÛ, c„t 85Ð88)t

“There can, however, be only one lingua franca, that is, the language for inter- communication between the various provinces of the State, and that language should be Urdu and cannot be any other. The State language, therefore must obviously be Urdu...... ”

GBevi QvÎ‡`i g‡a¨ cÖPÛ cÖwZwµqv nq Ges mgveZ©b n‡ji wewfbœ cÖvš— nB‡Z Zi“Y QvÎMY No No ewjqv cÖwZev` DÌvcb K‡ib| wRbœvn& GBiƒc cÖwZev` Avkv K‡ib bvB Ges GB cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ wZwb Zvnvi myi big K‡ib t

“There can be only one State language, if the component parts of this State are to march forward in unison , and that language, in my opinion, can only be Urdu.”

GBfv‡e 21 †k gv‡P© †im‡Kvm© gq`vb nB‡Z evOvwji AvZ¥‡PZbvi D‡b¥‡li

HwZnvwmK cÖvi¤¢ hvnv cieZ©xKv‡ji msMªv‡gi c_cwiµgvi m„wó K‡i|

1969 m‡bi 23†k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡Li fvlY t

igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cieZx© HwZnvwmK NUbv nBj 1969 m‡bi 23†k

‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L AbywôZ wekvj GK Rbmfv| Bnvi c~e©w`b 22†k †deªyqvwi †kL gywRe AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv nB‡Z †Kej gy³ nBqv‡Qb| cÖvq `k j¶vwaK gvby‡li RbÐmgy‡`ªi m¤§y‡L wZwb Zvunvi fwel¨Z Kg©cš’v Zywjqv a‡ib| H

Rbmfv‡ZB Zvunv‡K Ôe½eÜyÕ Dcvwa cÖ`vb Kiv nq|

D‡j−L¨ †h 1962 m‡bi msweav‡bi AvIZvq 1965 m‡b RvZxq cwil` I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` Z_vKw_Z †ewmK †W‡gv‡µwmi wfwË‡Z wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| H mg‡q †kL gywRe AvBqye we‡ivax cÖPv‡i †bZ„Z¡¦ cÖ`vb K‡ib| 3iv GÖwcÖj Zvwi‡L 21

c~e© cvwK¯Zvb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwUi mfvq 1940 m‡bi jv‡nvi cÖ¯Zv‡ei wfwË‡Z †`‡k MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi Avnevb Rvbvb nq| H mgq nB‡ZB ivóª‡`Övnmn wewfbœ cÖKvi gvgjv †kL gywRemn we‡ivax `jxq †bZv Kgx©‡`i weiƒ‡×

Avbqb Kiv nB‡Z _v‡K Ges †kL gywRe µgvMZ †MªdZvi nB‡Z _v‡Kb| 1966 m‡bi 5B †deªqvwi Zvwi‡L jv‡nv‡i †ek K‡qKwU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji D‡`¨v‡M GKwU

RvZxq m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| †mB Dcj‡¶ jv‡nv‡i Dcw¯nZ nBqv 10B ‡deªyqvwi

Zvwi‡L †kL gywRe Zvunvi weL¨vZ 6 `dv DÌvcb K‡ib| 17B ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L wZwb XvKvq Bnvi Dci wek` e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib| 16B gvP© Zvwi‡L AvBqye Lvb 6

`dvi wei“‡× Zxeª we‡lv`Mvi Kwiqv A‡¯¿i fvlvq Reve cÖ`vb Kiv nB‡e ewjqv cªKvk¨ Rbmfvq †NvlYv K‡ib| gvP© gv‡m AbywôZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi KvDwÝj

Awa‡ek‡b †kL gywRe mfvcwZ I ZvRDwÏb Avng` c~e© cvwK¯Zvb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb| 6 `dvi wfwË‡Z c~e© evsjvi Rb¨ c~Y© m¦vqË¡ kvm‡bi

`vex †eMevb nB‡Z _v‡K| hw`I AvBqye Lvb Bnv‡K c~e© evsjvi m¦vaxbZvi `vex wnmv‡e Mb¨ Kwiqv †kL gywRe I Ab¨vb¨ †bZv Kgx©‡`i Dci wbcxo‡bi gvÎv e„w×

K‡ib Ges cÖ‡`‡ki cÖvq mKj †Rjvq Zvunvi bv‡g ûwjqv Rvix nq| GB fv‡e

1966 m‡bi cÖ_g nB‡ZB, we‡kl Kwiqv 6 `dvi cÖvi¤¢ nB‡ZB AvIqvgx jx‡Mi

†bZvÐKgx©M‡bi Dci cÖPÛ †Rj Ryjyg I wbh©vZb Pwj‡Z _v‡K| GBi“c Amnbxq cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 7 B Ryb mgMª cÖ‡`‡k me©vZ¥K niZvj cvwjZ nq| Hw`b cywjk evwnbxi

¸wj el©‡Y eû msL¨K †jvK wbnZ nb Ges K‡qK nvRvi †jvK †MªdZvi nq| ciw`b

GB w`‡bi NUbv m¤ú‡K© msev`cÎ¸wj‡Z ïaygvÎ miKvix †cÖm‡bvU gyw`ªZ nq wKš‘ Awbevh© KviY ekZt wbRm¦ wi‡cvU©vi†`i msev` weeiYx cÖKvk m¤¢e nBj bv ewjqv eY©bv Kiv nq| miKvix †cÖm wi‡cvU© nB‡ZI NUbvi Aš—Z LwÛZvsk AvuP

Kiv hvB‡e| Bnv wbæiƒc (ghnvi“j Bmjvg t e½eÜy †kL gywRe, 1993, c„t

281Ð283) t

ÔÔXvKvÐbvivqYM‡Á cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z 10 Rb wbnZ (miKvix †cÖm‡bvU) t ÔÔXvKv, 7B Ryb AvIqvgx jxM KZ©„K AvûZ niZvj 7Ð6Ð66 Zvwi‡L AwZ cÖZy¨l nB‡Z c_Pvix I hvbevn‡bi e¨vcK evav m„wói gva¨‡g msMwVZ Kiv nq| XvKv I bvivqbM‡Ä wewfbœ GjvKvq †QvKiv I ¸Ûv‡`i †jjvBqv †`Iqv 22

nq| B,wc,Avi, wU, wm, evm¸wj‡Z BUcvU‡Kj †Qvuov nq Ges Uvqv‡ii cv¤c Qvwoqv w`qv mem©cÖKvi hvbevn‡b APjve¯nv m„wó Kiv nq| wbixn RbmvaviY I Awdm hvÎx‡ì Acgvb I nqivb Kiv nq| nvB‡Kv‡U©i mg¥y‡L wZbwU Mvwo †cvovBqv †Ìqv nq| cywjk KvR©b nj, evnv`yi kvn cvK© I KvIivb evRv‡ii wbKU ¸Ûv‡ì evav `vb K‡i Ges wUqvi M¨vm eënvi Kwiqv Zvnvw`M‡K QÎf½ Kwiqv †`q| †ZRMvuI‡q 2ÐWvDb PUªMªvg †gBj †ZRMvuI †ij‡ók‡bi AvDUvi wmMb¨v‡j AvUK Kwiqv jvBbPy¨Z Kiv nq| †UªbLvbv cÖniv`v‡bi Rb¨ GK`j cywjk `ª“Z Z_vq Mgb K‡i | RbZv Zvnv‡ì wNwiqv ‡d‡j Ges Zygyjfv‡e BUÐcvU‡Kj wb‡¶c K‡i| d‡j eû cywjk Kg©Pvix AvnZ nq| hLb cywjk RbZvi Ke‡j cwoqv hvIqvi Dcµg nq, ZLb AvZ¥i¶vi Rb¨ Zvnvi ¸wjel©b K‡i| d‡j 4 e¨w³i g„Zy¨ nq| c~e©v‡ý 10 NwUKvq cÖvq 300 Dk„„•Lj RbZv KZ„©K †ZRMvuI¯’ j¨vÛ †iKW© I mv‡f© wW‡iK&U‡iU Awdm Avµvš— nq| RbZv Zygyjfv‡e BUÐcvU‡Kj wb‡¶c K‡i| d‡j Awd‡mi h‡_ó ¶wZ mvwaZ nq| RbZv AZtci †m‡Uj‡g›U ‡cÖ‡mi w`‡K AMªmi nBqv wcÖw›Us ‡gwkb mg~‡ni `vi“Y ¶wZmvab K‡i| Avµg‡Yi mgq †cÖ‡mi wZbRb Kg©Pvix AvnZ nq| bvivqYM‡Ä GK D”Q„•Lj RbZv mKvj 6Ð30 wgwb‡Ui mgq MjvwPcv †ijI‡q µwmsÐGi wbKU XvKvMvgx ‡Uªb AvUK K‡i| c‡i RbZv bvqvYMÄMvgx 34 bs WvDb †Uªb AvUKvBqv Dnvi wecyj ¶wZmvab I WªvBfvi‡K cÖnvi K‡i| RbZv †Rvi Kwiqv hvÎx‡ì bvgvBqv †`q| hvÎx‡ì D×v‡ii Rb¨ AvMZ GKwU cywjk `j Avµvš— Ges eûmsL¨K cywjk Kg©Pvix AvnZ nq| cywjk `j jvwVPv‡R©i mvnv‡h¨ RbZv‡K QÎf½ Kwiqv †`q| AZtci e›`yKmn gvivZ¥K A¯¿k‡¯¿ mw¾Z GK RbZv bvivqYMÄ _vbv AvµgY Kwiqv `vi“Y ¶wZmvab Ges e›`y‡Ki ¸wj‡Z cywjk Awdmvi‡ì RLg K‡i| D”Q„•Lj RbZv _vbvÐfe‡b cÖ‡ek Kivi ci cywjk AvZ¥i¶v‡_© ¸wjel©Y Kivi d‡j Qq e¨w³ wbnZ I Av‡iv 13 e¨w³ AvnZ nq| 45 Rb cywjk AvnZ nb Ges Zvnv‡ì g‡a¨ K‡qKR‡bi AvNvZ ¸i“Zi | cvj©v‡g›Uvix †m‡µUvix Rbve Gg. G. Rv‡e‡ì †gvUi Mvwo f¯§xf~Z I Zvunvi evwo jyw›VZ nq| bvivqYMÄ I Pvlvovi g‡a¨ †ijI‡q wmMb¨vwjs jvBb wew”Qbœ Kwiqv †djv nq| U½x‡Z wewfbœ wg‡ji kÖwgKiv ag©NU cvjb K‡i Ges GKwU wgwQj evwni K‡i| KvIivb evRv‡ii GK D”Q„•Lj RbZv GKRb mv‡R©›U‡K cÖnvi I Zvunvi ¯KzUv‡ii ¶wZ mvab K‡i Ges †ijI‡q µwmsÐGi wbKU GKwU gvjevnx †Uªb _vgvBqv †`q| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GK †kÖYxi QvÎ wc‡KwUs K‡i Ges †mLv‡b AvswkK ag©NU cvwjZ nq| 23

XvKv njI evwn‡ii †jvK‡`i Øviv Avµvš— nq| cywjk I B. wc.Avi. `yªZ NUbv¯’‡j DcbxZ nBqv cwiw¯’wZ Avq‡Z¡ Av‡b| `ycy‡i Av`gRx, wmw×iMÄ I †Wgiv GjvKvi kÖwgKMY 144 aviv jsNb Kwiqv †kvfvhvÎv mnKv‡i XvKv Awfgy‡L AMªmi nB‡Z _v‡K| XvKv bMixi `yB gvBj `~‡i B. wc.Avi. evwnbxi GKwU †kvfvhvÎvi MwZ‡iva K‡i| Aciv†ý GK RbZv †MÛvwiqvi wbKU GKLvwb †Uªb AvUK K‡i| PÆMªvgMvgx MªxYG¨v‡iv I XvKv Awfgy‡L 33ÐAvc †UªbLvwb‡K Aciv‡ýi w`‡K †ZRMuvI †ók‡b AvUK Kiv nq| hv nDK, †Uªb †hvMv‡hvM Aí¶Y c‡i cybivq Pvjy Kiv nq| mÜ¨vi ci GKwU Dk„•Lj RbZv Kv‡jK&U‡iU I c‡i †÷U e¨vsK Avµgb K‡i| i¶xMY RbZv‡K QÎf½ Kivi Rb¨ ¸wjel©Y K‡i| †ejv 11 Uvq 5 ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i GKÎ mgv‡ek I †kvfvhvÎv wbwl× Kwiqv 144 aviv Rvix Kiv nq| kn‡ii Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b cwiw¯’wZ kvš— I m¦vfvweK wQj|ÕÕ (‰`wbK B‡ËdvK, 8B Ryb, 1966)|

16B Ryb ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvi m¤úv`K Rbve †Zvdv¾j †nv‡mb‡K

†MªdZvi Kiv nq Ges B‡Ëdv‡Ki †cÖm ev‡Rqvß †NvlYv Kiv nq| GB mgq

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ„¯nvbxq mKj †bZv †MªdZvi wQ‡jb| ïaygvÎ gwnjv m¤úvw`Kv wg‡mm Av‡gbv †eMg †Kvb iK‡g Av‡›`vjb PvjvBqv hvB‡Z _v‡Kb|

1968 m‡bi 17 Rvbyqvwii Mfxi iv‡Î †kL gywRe‡K †Rj nB‡Z Qvwoqv

†`Iqv nq wKš‘ †Rj †M‡UB Zvunv‡K mvgwiK evwnbx †MªdZvi K‡i| 19‡k Ryb

Avi¤¢ nq ivóª ebvg †kL gywRe Ms bv‡g AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv| Bnvi g‡a¨ mgMª cÖ‡`‡k QvÎ RbZvi cÖPÛ we‡¶vf wgwQj I niZvj Kg©m~wP Pwj‡ZwQj|

Ab¨w`‡K Pwj‡ZwQj miKv‡ii †Rj Ryjyg AZ¨vPvi, wbcxob| 1969 m‡bi 17B

Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L †`ke¨vcx Ô`vexÐw`emÕ D`hvwcZ nq| GB mgq me©`jxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil` MwVZ nq| D³ cwil` 11 `dv Kg©m~Px cÖYqb K‡i Ges Bnvi wfwË‡Z `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb Mwoqv †Zv‡j| 18 B Rvbyqvwi ag©NU I Zrci we‡¶vf wgwQj Pwj‡Z _v‡K| d‡j 20 ‡k Rvbyqvwi Avmv`y¾vgvb cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z wbnZ nB‡j Av‡›`vj†bi `ye©viZv e„w× cvq Ges mgMª cÖ‡`‡k QovBqv c‡o H mg‡q cywjk I †mbvevwnbxi ¸wj el©‡Y eû msL¨K †jvK wbnZ nq| cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi wewfbœ ¯’v‡bI MY we‡¶vf Avi¤¢ nq Ges wewfbœ kn‡i Kvd©y Rvix KiZt †mbvevwnbx 24

Zje Kiv nq| Bnvi g‡a¨ 27‡k Rvbyqvwi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi ïbvbx mgvß nq|

GBi“c cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 1jv †deªyqvwi‡Z cÖ`Ë GK †eZvi fvl‡Y AvBqye ivR‰bwZK `j¸wji cÖwZwbwa‡`i mwnZ †Mvj‡Uwej ‰eVK AvnŸv‡bi wm×vš— e¨³

K‡ib| wKš‘ AvIqvgx jxM †bZ„e„›` AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I †kL gywR‡ei gyw³ e¨wZ‡i‡K D³ ‰eV‡K †hvM w`‡eb bv ewjqv †NvlYv K‡ib| BwZg‡a¨

B‡Ëdv‡Ki QvcvLvbvi Dci †_‡K ev‡Rqvß Av‡`k cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq| 15B

‡deªyqvwi XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui Af¨š—‡i AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi Ab¨Zg Avmvgx mv‡R©›U Rûi“j nK‡K ¸wj Kwiqv nZ¨v Kiv nq| Bnv‡Z mgMª cÖ‡`‡k cÖPÛ we‡¶vf I D‡ËRbvi m„wó nq Ges 16B ‡deªyqvwi cÖ‡`ke¨vwc niZvj nq| nvRvi nvRvi †jvK Zvnvi Rvbvhvq kixK nq| we¶yä I †kvKvnZ RbZv UªvBeybv‡ji

†Pqvig¨vb I cvwK¯—vb mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ Gm G ingv‡bi evmfe‡b

AwMœms‡hvM Kwi‡j wZwb weeªZKi Ae¯’vq Z_v nB‡Z cjvqb K‡ib| ZvnvQvov,

AviI K‡qKRb gš¿xi evmfe‡bI AwMœ−ms‡hvM Kiv nq| 18B ‡deªyqvwi ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎiv 144 aviv f½ KiZt wgwQj Kwievi cÖ¯—ywZKv‡j †mbvevwnbx

¸wj el©Y Avi¤¢ K‡i| cÖKUi W. kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K cÖ_‡g ¸wj K‡i, Zrci †eq‡bU

PvR© Kwiqv nZ¨v Kiv nq| ZvnvQvov, AviI GKRb QvÎ wbnZ nq| mgMª cÖ‡`k we‡¶v‡f dvwUqv c‡o I niZvj ïi“ nq| XvKvq Kvd©y _vKv Ae¯nvqI cÖPÛ fv‡e wgwQj wgwUs Pwj‡Z _v‡K| mgMª cÖ‡`‡k APj Ae¯nvi m„wó nq| H w`‡bi NUbvejx m¤ú‡K© 19 ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK Gi msev` cÖwZ‡e`b wbgœi“c

(evsjv‡`‡ki ¯¦vaxbZv hy×, `wjjcÎ t wØZxq LÛ, c„ t 432Ð433) t

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL

ivRkvnx‡Z ¸wj I mvÜ¨ AvBbt ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK| 19 ‡deªyqvwi , 1969| Wvt kvgmy‡¾vnmn 6Rb nZvnZ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ivRkvnx‡Z ¸wj I mvÜ¨ AvBb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †cÖvKUi Wt mvgmy‡¾vnvmn 2Rb wbnZt 4 Rb AvnZ

†emvgwiK KZ©„c¶‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ ivwÎ mv‡o 10 Uvq ‰mb¨ Zje Kiv nq| ivwÎ 11Ð30 wgwb‡Ui mgq 144 aviv Rvwi Kiv nq| 25

18B ‡deªyqvwi 144 aviv jsNb Kwiqv wgwQj evwni Kiv nq Ges RbZv †mbvevwnbxi GKLvbv Mvox wNwiqv †d‡j| QvÎiv MvoxLvbvi Dci cÖej BUÐcvU‡Kj †Quv‡o| Bnv †`wLqv QvÎ‡ì eySvBqv K¨v¤cv‡m †diZ †Ìqvi Rb¨ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ‡cªv±i evwni nBqv Av‡mb| wKš‘ Zvnv m‡Z¡I wKQy RbZv Unj`vi evwnbxi Kg¨Ûvi‡K BUÐcvU‡Kj Qyuo‡Z _v‡K| †jd‡Ubv›U GB mgq ¸wj el©Y K‡i| d‡j †cÖv±†ii †`‡n ey‡jU we× nq Ges c‡i wZwb D³ ¯nv‡b gviv hvb| G QvovI ¸wj‡Z GK e¨w³ wbnZ Ges `yB e¨w³ AvnZ nq| Acivý 2Ð30 wgwbU nB‡Z ivRkvnx‡Z mvÜ¨ AvBb Rvix Kiv nq| G,wc,wc, AvnZ‡ì ZvwjKvq wZbRb Aa¨vcK ¸wj el©‡Y QvÎ QvovI wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wZbRb Aa¨vcK ¸i“Zi iK‡g

AvnZ Ae¯nvq nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© nb| Zvnviv nB‡jbÐ

(1)cÖ‡dmvi Lv‡j`| (2)Wt KvwRgDwÏb †gvj−v| (3)Wt KvRx Ave`yj gvbœvb|

†cÖwm‡W‡›Ui wbKU Ri“ix ZvievZ©v MZKj¨ (g½jevi) ivÎ mv‡o bqUvi w`‡K XvKv bMix AvKwm¥Kfv‡e Pig we‡¶v‡f dvwUqv c‡o Ges wewfbœ gnj−vq mvÜ¨ AvBb jsNb Kwiqv K‡qKwU m¦Ztù~wZ© †kvfvhvÎv evwni Kiv nq| †kvfvhvÎx‡`i Dci wewfbœ GjvKvq mvgwiK evwnbxi ¸wj el©Y, †eq‡bU PvR© BZ¨vw`i d‡j †h cwiw¯nwZi D™¢e nq Dnvi fqvj eY©bv `vb Kwiqv Rbve AvZvDi ingvb Lvb, Rbve kvn AvwRRyi ingvb Ges Rbve Avmv`y¾vgvb Lvb ‡cÖwm‡W›U wdì gvkv©j AvBqye Lv‡bi wbKU Ri“ix ZvievZ©v †cÖiY Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv Rbve kvn AvwRRyi ingvb RvbvBqv‡Qb|

mvÜ¨ AvB‡bi ¯—äZv f½ Kwiqv XvKv bMixi cÖPÛ we‡ùviY t QvÎÐRbZvi AvKw®gK we‡¶vf wgwQ‡ji `„ß c`fv‡i mgMª kni cÖKw¤úZ|

MZ iv‡Î ivRavbx XvKv bMix‡Z AKm¥vr mvÜ¨ AvB‡bi KwVb k„sLj Ges Unj`vbKvix mvgwiK evwnbxi mKj cÖwZ‡iva wQbœwfbœ Kwiqv nvRvi nvRvi QvÎÐRbZv AvKwm¥K R‡jv”Qv‡mi gZ c‡_ bvwgqv Av‡m Ges †kL 26

gywReyi ingv‡bi gyw³ I ÔAvMiZjvÕ lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii `vex‡Z cÖPÛ we‡¶v‡f dvwUqv c‡o| GB Ae¯nvi g‡a¨ AvR mKvj mvZUv nB‡Z ‰eKvj 5Uv ch©š— mvÜ¨ AvB‡bi †h weiwZ †NvlYv Kiv nBqvwQj, Zvnv AKm¥vr cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq Ges †Kvbi“c weiwZ QvovB cieZ©x 24 N›Uvi Rb¨ mvÜ¨ AvBb Rvwi Kiv nq| ‡LuvR jBqv Rvbv hvq, MZKj¨ ivRkvnx‡Z R‰bK Aa¨vc‡Ki nZ¨v Ges mvÜ¨ AvBb Rvixi Lei GLvbKvi QvÎ I me©‡kÖYxi bvMwi‡Ki g‡b cÖej Am‡š—v‡li mÂvi K‡i| Z`ycwi MZKvjKvi msev`c‡Î AvMiZjvi lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I †kL gywR‡ei gyw³ m¤ú‡K© Avkvev` cÖKvwkZ nIqvi c‡iI †kL mv‡ne †Mvj †Uwej ‰eV‡K †hvM`v†bi D‡Ï‡k¨, MZKvj XvKv Z¨vM bv Kivq QvÎÐRbg‡b GB wek¦vm `vbv evuwaqv D‡V †h, †kL mv‡n‡ei gyw³i e¨vcv‡i miKvi Avš—wiK b‡nb| eZ©gvb cÖPÛ MYRvMi‡bi cUf~wg‡Z Dc‡iv³ `yBwU NUbv QvÎÐRbZv‡K w¶ß Kwiqv †Zv‡j Ges Zvnviv mvÜ¨ AvB‡bi Abykvmb D‡c¶v Kwiqv `vex `vIqvi cÖwZaŸwb Kivi Rb¨ AK¯§vr iv¯Zvq bvwgqv Av‡m| ‡Kvb iKg c~e© †NvlYv ev c~e© cª¯—ywZ QvovB cÖvq GKB m‡½ kn‡ii GK cÖvš— nB‡Z Ab¨ cÖvš— ch©š— GBfv‡e QvÎÐRbZv‡K iv¯Zvq evwni nB‡Z †`wLqv mK‡jB wew¯§Z nq| ivwÎ 8Uvi ci nB‡Z ga¨ ivwÎ cvi nBqv hvIqv ch©š— kn‡ii wewfbœ ¯nv‡b mgv‡b we‡¶vf Pwj‡Z _v‡K| mvgwiK evwnbxi Mvoxi kã Ges wew¶ßfv‡e e›`y‡Ki ¸wji AvIqvR cwi‡ek‡K AvZ¼Mª¯— Kwiqv †Zv‡j| XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZvj m~‡Î Awf‡hvM Kiv nq †h, nvmcvZv‡ji GKwU G¤¦y‡jÝ AvnZ Ae¯nvq iv¯Zvq cwoqv _vKv †jvKRb ev g„Z‡`n nvmcvZv‡j ¯nvbvš—wiZ Kivi †Póv Kwi‡j Unj`vbKvix mm¯¿ evwnbx evav cÖ`vb K‡i| nvmcvZv‡j ey‡jUwe× 3 e¨w³‡K fwZ© Kiv nq Ges ivwÎ 2Uvi ci G¤¦y‡j‡Ýi Rb¨ nvmcvZv‡j mgv‡b †Uwj‡dvb Avwm‡Z _v‡K |

21‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L AvBqye RvwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖPvwiZ GK †eZvi fvl‡Y

‡NvlYv K‡ib †h cieZx© wbe©vP‡b †cÖwm‡W›U c‡` wZwb Avi cÖwZØw›`¦Zv Kwi‡eb bv|

D‡j−L¨ †h, †cÖwm‡W›U KZ„©K AvûZ †Mvj‡Uwej ‰eV‡K †kL gywRe‡K Avgš¿Y

Kiv nB‡jI c¨v‡iv‡j wZwb Z_vq Mgb Kwi‡Z cÖZ¨vL¨vb KwiqvwQ‡jb| GgZ

Ae¯nvq 22‡k ‡deªyqvwi miKvi GK †NvlYv e‡j AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i

Ges †kL gywRe mn mKj e›`x webvk‡Z© gy³ nb|

ïay ZvnvB b‡n AvBqye Zvnvi gš¿x LvRv mvnveywÏb gvidr †kL gywRe‡K 27

†Mvj‡Uwej ‰eV‡K †hvM`vb Kwi‡Z Aby‡iva K‡ib|

22‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡Li NUbvejx m¤ú‡K© 23‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡Li ‰`wbK

B‡Ëdv‡K wbgœwjwLZ m¤úv`Kxq cÖKvwkZ nBqvwQj (e½eÜy †kL gywRe t ghnvi“j

Bmjvg, 1993, c„ t 370Ð371) t

ÔÔAvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I †kL gywR‡ei gyw³ m¤ú‡K© B‡ËdvK †h m¤úv`Kxq wj‡L‡Q Zv bvbv Kvi‡Y D‡j−L‡hvM¨ t ÔÔRq wbcxwoZ RbM‡Yi Rq, Rq beDÌvbÐAvR Drm‡ei w`b bq, weR‡qi w`b| AvR Avb‡›ì w`b bq, ¯§i‡Yi w`b| Z_vKw_Z AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vüZ nBqv‡Q| `ytkvm‡bi KvivK¶ nB‡Z †`‡ki wcÖq mš—vb †kL gywRe Ab¨vb¨ e›`xi m‡½ gy³ nBqv Avevi Zvui wcÖq †`kevmxi gv‡S wdwiqv Avwmqv‡Qb| kwn`x C‡` Avgv‡ì Awfhvb mdj nBqv‡Q| MYRvMi‡Yi cÖej c−ve‡bi cwjgvwU‡Z i³v¶‡i wjwLZ nBqv‡Q bZyb GK Elvi m¦Y©`~qvi Db¥y³ Kivi Awem¥iYxq Kvwnbx| G Kvwnbx AmsL¨ knx‡ì AvZ¥`v‡bi, AmsL¨ exigvZv I exiRvqvi AkÖy I nvnvKvi msei‡Yi Kvwnbx| Zey AvR Anj¨vcÖwZg c~e© evsjv RvMªZ| Zvi AvKv‡k AvKv‡k dv¸‡bi i³m~‡h© bZyb cÖv‡Yi cZvKv wknwiZ| †g‡Ni wmsnevn‡b byZb cÖfvZ Avwmqv‡Q| GB cÖfv‡Zi mvabvq wZwgi ivwÎi Zcm¨vq hvunviv AvZ¥ûwZ w`qv‡Qb AvR wecyj weR‡qi µvwš—j‡Mœ Zv‡ìB me©v‡Mª m¥iY Kwi| Zvunv‡ì m¥„wZi D‡Ï‡k RvbvB Avgv‡ì AebZ wP‡Ëi Awfb›`b| Pvwiw`‡K AvR RqaŸwb| Pvwiw`‡K AvR cÖj‡qvj−vm| e‡Rªi †fix‡Z cÖv‡Yi mvov RvwMqv‡Q| `ytkvm‡bi e›`xkvjvq myß MYevmKx RvMi‡Yi cÖ_g Pg‡K `ywjqv DwVqv‡Q| me evav, me Pµvš—, me AvMj fvw½qv cwoqv‡Q| MYwe‡ivax cÖwZwµqvi `~‡M© MYRvMi‡Yi weRq‡KZb GKw`b DÇxb nB‡eB, G cÖZ¨q Avgv‡ì wPiKv‡ji| BwZnv‡mi GB wk¶v wg_¨v nq bvB| GKw`b hvnv‡K g‡b nBqvwQj `y‡f©`¨, AvR Zvnv jyß| gaïvwÎi m~h©ÐZvcm‡ì †h mvabv‡K GKw`b g‡b nBqvwQj e¨_© cÖqvm, AvR ZvnvB R‡qi gwngvq gwngvwš¦Z| GB gwngv MY‡PZbvi| GB weRq MYgvby‡li| `ytkvm‡bi †jŠnKcvU fvw½qv, cÖfv‡Zi i³m~h© wQwbqv Avwbqv G MYgvby‡liv Avevi cÖgvY Kwij, Zvunviv Aciv‡Rq| Zvunviv wPiKv‡ji Acivf~Z kw³| GB kw³‡K hvnviv `gb Kwi‡Z PvwnqvwQj, Zvunviv e¨_© nBqv‡Q| MYAwaKv‡ii AcÖwZ‡iva¨ cÖwZôv AvR mdj msMªv‡gi gv‡S g~Z© nBqv DwVqv‡Q| ZeyI Avgiv Avb›` Kwie bv| †`‡ki gvbyl AvR Zvnv‡ì üZ AwaKvi wdwiqv cvIqvi m¤¢vebvq Aaxi| KvivK‡¶i †jŠnK‡¶i †jŠnKcvU Lywjqv †`k‡cÖwgK mš—v‡biv `xN©w`‡bi e›`x`kv †k‡l Avevi GK GK Kwiqv gy³ Av‡jvÐevZv‡m wdwiqv Avwm‡Z‡Qb| †`‡ki gvbyl wdwiqv cvBqv‡Q 28

Zvnv‡ì wcÖq gywRe‡K| cwieviÐcwiR‡bi Kv‡Q wdwiqv Avwmqv‡Qb Z_vKw_Z lohš¿ gvgjvi mKj Awfhy³| †Kej wdwiqv Av‡mb bvB GKRb| wZwb †Kvbw`b wdwiqv Avwm‡eb bv| wcÖqR‡bi e¨Mª evûi mvwbœa¨ Avi wZwb †Kvbw`b jvf Kwi‡eb bv| e›`x`kv‡ZB wbg©gfv‡e wbnZ nBqv‡Qb mv‡R©›U Rûi“j nK| eû bvg Rvbv Avi bvÐRvbv knx‡ì i‡³ wgwkqv wMqv‡Q knx` Rûi“j n‡Ki i³| G †kvwYZÐwPý Avgv‡ì ¯§„wZ nB‡Z †Kvbw`b gywQqv hvB‡e bv| Rûi“j n‡Ki †kvwYZÐ‡iLv G‡`‡ki MYRvMi‡Yi cÖ`xß c_‡iLv| Rûi“j nK Agi| wb‡Ri cÖv‡Yi g~‡j¨ G‡`‡ki MYÐmsMªv‡gi BwZnv†m wZwb g„Zy¨nxb cÖv‡Yi cZvKv DÇxb Kwiqv †M‡jb| BwZnv‡mi MwZ Awbi“×| MYkw³i weRq AcÖwZ‡iva¨| mKj msMªv‡gi GB P~ovš— ch©v‡q ZvB Avgiv Avevi Avgv‡ì j‡¶ï aª“eÐA‡š¦lx nBqvwQ| weR‡qi †MŠi‡e Avgiv †hb †gvnvweó bv nB| c_åó bv nB| RbM‡Yi weR‡qi i_P‡µ †mB e‡Rªi †fixB wbbvw`Z nDKÐhvnvi g‡a¨ †`k I †`kevmxi cÖK…Z mv_©K I AwaKvi †PZbv RvMªZ| RbM‡Yi Rq mv_©K nDK, RbM‡Yi DÌvb ¯nvqx I mdj nDK|ÕÕ (‰`wbK B‡ËdvK, 23‡k ‡deªyqvix 1969)

ciw`b 23‡k ‡deªyqvwi †K›`ªxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil` †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †kL gywRe‡K GK MYÐmsea©bv cÖ`vb K‡i| D³ mfvq `k j¶vwaK RbZvi mb¥y‡L †kL gywRe‡K Ôe½eÜyÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq| Dcvwa Mªnb KiZt Zvunvi fvl‡Y

RbmsL¨vi wfwË‡Z cÖZ¨¶ wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g b~Zb cvj©v‡g›U MVb Kwievi `vex

Rvbvb| 24‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡Li ‰`wbK cvwK¯—vb cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ Zvunvi cÖ`Ë fvlY wbgœi“c t (`wjjcÎ t wØZxq LÛ, c„t 435) t

wk‡ivbvg myÎ ZvwiL

‡im‡Kv‡m©i m¤¦a©bv mfvq gywRe ‰`wbK cvwK¯—vb| 24 ‡deªyqvix 1969| KZ„©K RbmsL¨vi wfwI‡Z cÖwZwbwaZ¡ `vex|

XvKvi BwZnv‡m e„nËg Rbmfv t msL¨vmvg¨ bqÐ RbmsL¨vi wfwË‡Z cÖwZwbwaZ¡ PvB t ‡im‡Kv‡m©i MYm¤¦a©bvq †kL gywRe (óvd wi‡cvU©vi) ÔÔMZKvj iweevi igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b `k j¶ †jv‡Ki GK wekvj Rbmgy‡`ªi gv‡S `uvwo‡q c~e© cvwK¯—vb AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywRei ingvb †NvlYv K‡ib, Avwg QvÎ‡`i 11 `dv ïay mg_©bB Kwi bv Gi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb K‡i Avwg cybivq KviveiY Ki‡Z ivRx AvwQ| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 29

Rbve †kL gywRei ingvb †NvlYv K‡ib †h †Kvbg‡ZB Zuvi `j msL¨vmvg¨ †g‡b †b‡ebv| msL¨vmvg¨ hviv gvb‡e c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b Zv‡ì VuvB †bB| ÐÐÐÐÐ msL¨vmv‡gï bv‡g c~e© cvwK¯—vb‡K VKvb n‡q‡Q| wZwb me©¯Z‡i I ch©v‡q RbmsL¨vi wfwË‡Z cÖwZwbwaZ¡ `vex K‡ib| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ me©`jxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil‡ì c¶ n‡Z ‡im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cÖ`Ë MYm¤¦a©bvq †kL gywRei ingvb fvlY w`w”Q‡jb| Z_vKw_Z AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi †k‡l gyw³i ci MZKvjB wZwb cÖ_g Rbmfvq fvlY ‡`b| GB MYm¤¦a©bv mfvq mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib †K›`ªxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil‡ì AvnevqK Rbve †Zvdv‡qj Avng`| mfvq ivóª ebvg †kL gywRei ingvb gvgjvq Awfhy³ Rbve †K,Gg, Gm, ingvb, wm,Gm,wc, wjwWs wmg¨vb Rbve myjZvb DwÏb, óyqvW© gywRei ingvb, Rbve G,we, Lyikx` I Rbve Avjx †iRvmn Ab¨vb¨ A‡b‡K Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| ‡kL gywRei ingvb e‡jb, Avwg ivIqvjwcwÛ hve Ges c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡bi RbM‡Yi c¶ n‡Z Zv‡ì `vex Zy‡j aie| †`k Avgiv Kvi“i Kv‡Q wewK‡q †`Bwb| Avgvi 6 `dvi mv‡_ Avgvi `j I RbMY Av‡Q| QvÎ‡ì Avk¦vm w`‡q wZwb e‡jb Avcbviv wbwðš— _vKzb| Avwg hw` G‡`‡ki gyw³ Avb‡Z I RbM‡Yi `vex Av`vq Ki‡Z bv cvwi Z‡e Av‡›`vjb K‡i Avevi KvivMv‡i hve| AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb wk¶v‡¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi cÖwZ Ae‡njvi D‡j−L K‡i mKj †¶‡Î RbmsL¨vi wfwË‡Z cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Av`v‡qi K_v e‡jb| wZwb e‡jb Avwg msL¨vmvg¨ gvwb bv| ‡kL gywRe e‡jb, RbmsL¨vi wfwË‡Z cÖZ¨¶ wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g bZyb cvj©v‡g›U MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| eZ©gvb kvmbZš¿ evwZj Kiv n‡e bv Zv ms‡kvab Kiv n‡e cvj©v‡g›UB Zv wba©viY Ki‡e| cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡bi GK BDwbU cÖm‡½ wZwb e‡jb, GK BDwbU †f‡½ †djvi Rb¨ †mLv‡b GKUv `vex D‡V‡Q| Zviv GK BDwbU Pvq bv| wZwb e‡jb, G e¨vcv‡i cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡bi Rbmvavi‡Yi †fvU †bqv †nvK Zviv hw` GK BDwbU bv Pvq Z‡e Zv †f‡½ w`‡Z n‡e| GK BDwbU †f‡½ w`‡q cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡bi cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡KI m¦vqZ¡kvmb cÖ`v‡bi wZwb `vex Rvbvb| ‡kL gywRe e‡jb, cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡b cÖ‡`k¸‡jv wb‡q GKUv †dWv‡ikb MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| Rbg‡Zi wei“‡× †Kvb wKQy Pvwj‡q †`qv Pj‡e bv| 30

PvKzix, A_©bxwZ, wkí BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡bi g‡a¨ ‰el‡gï D‡j−L K‡i wZwb e‡jb, ivRavbx cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡b Aew¯’Z| d‡j †mLvbKvi †jvK meiKg myweav cv‡”Q| †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi kZKiv 55 Rb c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi Awaevmx nIqv m‡Z¡I †K›`ªxq miKv‡i wewfbœ PvKzix‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Zvbxq msL¨v kZKiv `kÐR‡bi Kg|†K›`ªxq miKv‡ii mKj AwdmÐAv`vjZ ïay ivRavbx‡Z| ZvB eëmv evwYRÏ †mLv‡b wbqwš¿Z n‡”Q| d‡j GB cÖ‡`‡k g~jab M‡o DV‡Q bv| ‡`ki¶v Lv‡Zi e¨q m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jb GB Lv‡Zi kZKiv Avwk fvM A_©B cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡b e¨q nq| KviY mvgwiK mì `dZi †mLv‡b Aew¯’Z| wZwb e‡jb cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡bi gRjyg Ges c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ †Kvb †f`v‡f` ‡bB| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 1965 mv‡j fvi‡Zi mv‡_ msN‡l©i mgq c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi Amnvq Ae¯’vi D‡j−L K‡i wZwb e‡jb, GB Ae¯’vi Aemv‡bi Rb¨B jv‡nv‡i RvZxq m‡¤§j‡b Avwg `‡ji c¶ n‡Z 6Ð`dv `vex †ck K‡iwQjvg| Zv‡Z Avgv‡ì wewQbœZvev`x AvL¨v †`qv n‡qwQj| Avgiv †`‡ki RbmsL¨vi kZKiv 56 Rb| Avgiv †Kb wewQbœ n‡q hve? Avgiv PvB b¨vh¨ AwaKvi| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ wZwb e‡jb, ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ¸wUK‡qK eëmvqx, wkícwZ I Avgjvi Rb¨ Avgiv cvwK¯Zvb AR©‡bi msMªvg Kwiwb| G†`‡ki Pvlx, gRyi, QvÎ mKj gvby‡li euvPvi Rb¨ Avgiv msMªvg K‡iwQjvg| wKš‘ Rv‡j‡gi ci Rv‡jg G‡m‡Q †`‡k kvmb ¶gZvq| RbMY gyw³ cvqwb| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ RMbœv_ K‡jRmn wewfbœ K‡jR‡K cÖwfwÝqvjvBRW Kivi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡i wZwb e‡jb G‡`‡ki †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì †jLvcov eÜ Kivi Rb¨B miKvi GB eë¯’v wb‡q‡Q| KviLvbvi gvwjK‡ì wZwb kÖwgK‡ì gybvdvi fvM cÖ`v‡bi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| wZwb e‡jb, gvwjKiv me gybvdv jy‡U‡c‡U †L‡j Ggb w`b Avm‡e hLb KjKviLvbv meB ev‡RqvdZ n‡q hv‡e| kÖwgK wbh©vZ‡bi wZwb wb›`v K‡ib| iex›`ª msMxZ cÖPv‡i miKvix bxwZi wZwb Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| †eZvi †K›`ªmg~n‡K wZwb ûwkqvi K‡i w`‡q e‡jb iex›`ªbv_ evsjvi gvby‡li Kwe| Zvi Mvb †iwWI‡Z cÖPv‡ii eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ kvwš— I k„•Ljv f½ n‡Z cv‡i Giƒc KvR n‡Z weiZ _vKvi Rb¨ wZwb RbMY‡K Aby‡iva Rvbvb Ges miKvi‡K D¯‹vbxg~jK KvR n‡Z weiZ _vK‡Z e‡jb| G cÖm‡½ wZwb kn‡ii cÖwZ gnj−vq Ges gnKzgv I †Rjvq msMªvg KwgwU MV‡bi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| 31

kµi Là‡i bv covi Rb¨ wZwb mKj‡K mZK© K‡i †`b| mvÜ¨ AvBb I mvgwiK evwnbx cÖZ¨vnv‡ii Rb¨ miKv‡ii wbKU `vex Rvbvb| wZwb e‡jb, Avgv‡`i msMªvg KwgwU gnj−vq kvwšZ eRvq ivL‡e| ‡kL gywRe e‡jb, c~e© evsjvq wn›`y, gymjgvb, wenvix Ges mK‡jB Avgiv kvwšZ‡Z GK‡Î emevm Kie| cwi‡k‡l wZwb e‡jb, evsjvi gvwU‡K Avwg fvjevwm| evsjvi gvwUI Avgv‡K fvjev‡m| 11Ð`dvi wR›`vev` aŸwb w`‡q wZwb Zuvi 50 wgwbU ¯’vqx e³„Zv †kl K‡ibÕÕ|

25 ‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ ‰`wbK cvwK¯—vb cwÎKvq wbæwjwLZ cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ nq (`wjjcÎ t 2q LÛ, c„ t 438) t

wk‡ivbvg myÎ ZvwiL

‡im‡Kv‡m©i m¤¦a©bv mfvq †kL ‰`wbK cvwK¯—vb| 25 ‡deªyqvix 1969| gywRe †K e½eÜy Dcvwa cÖ`vb Ges 11 `dv ev¯—evq‡b c`‡¶c Mªn‡bi Rb¨ gywR‡ei cÖwZ Avnevb|

Ôe½eÜy †kL gywReÕ MZ iweevi XvKv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi HwZnvwmK Rbmfvq †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Ôe½eÜyÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq| me©`jxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil‡`i AvnŸvqK Rbve †Zvdv‡qj Avng` c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi RbM‡Yi c¶ †_‡K gywRe‡K Ôe½eÜyÕ Dcvwa`v‡bi cÖ¯—ve Ki‡j mg‡eZ Rbmgy~‡`Ö wecyj KiZvwj‡Z Zv mg_©b K‡i|

†im‡Kv‡m©i m¤¦a©bv mfvq cÖ¯—ve (óvd wi‡cvU©vi)

me©`jxq QvÎmsMªvg cwil` HwZnvwmK 11Ð`dv ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ †kL gywRei ingvb‡K m¦qswµq c`‡¶c Mªn‡Yi AvneŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Zviv †NvlYv K‡ib, 11Ð`dv `vex c~i‡Yi g‡a¨B knx`†`i i³ I wbh©vwZZ QvÎ, kÖwgK, K…lK, ga¨weË I †gnbZx RbZvi `vex c~Y© n‡Z cv‡i| me©`jxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil` ‰m¦ivPvix AvBqye miKv‡ii c`Z¨¨M, RbM‡Yi nv‡Z Avï ¶gZv Ac©Y Ges eZ©gvb kvmbZš¿ evwZj K‡i 11Ð`dvi wfwË‡Z bZyb kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi `vex‡Z msMªvg M‡o †Zvjvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| 11Ð`dv `vex‡K kvmbZ‡š¿i KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ ¯’vb †`Iqvi Rb¨ `vex Rvbvb nq|

24‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L ÔThe Pakistan Observer Õ ‘Release Rights by

Peaceful Means’ wk‡ivbv‡g wbgœwjwLZ msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t 32

THE PAKISTAN OBSERVER 24TH FEBRUARY,1969 RELEASE RIGHTS BY PEACEFUL MEANS (By A Staff Correspondent)

Awami Leage leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on Sunday gave a call for peaceful movement for the realisation of the demands of the people. Addressing a meeting attended by lakhs of people at the Ramna Race Course, the Awami Leage leader said the people must keep constant vigil that the peace is not disturbed geopardising the cause of the movement.

He also exhorted the Government not to give any provocation to the people for resorting to violence.

Called by All Party Students Committee of Action to give a reception to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the meeting was also addressed by student leaders. Mr. Tofail Ahmed, Chairman of the All Party Students Committee of Action and Vice-President of Dacca University Central Students Union presided over the meeting. Among those present were persons released from the alleged Conspiracy Case.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman said that he would join the proposed Rawalpindi talks on Monday where he would place demands on behalf of the struggling masses of both wings of the country. Enumerating the demands the Sheikh said that a sovereign parliament must be ensured on the basis of universal adult franchise. He said that the soverign parliament will decide the shape of the Constitution of the country.

Population Basis,

not parity.

Demanding regional autonomy for East Pakistan, the Sheikh said East Pakistan’s share in all spheres of national life must be determinded on the bais of population. He said, East Pakistan was 33

no more prepared to accept parity. “Whoever in East Pakistan will talk of parity has no place here,” he added.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman said that people of East Pakistan had accepted parity in representation on only the condition that parity would be maintained in all spheres including all services. He said that the province had been deceived in this regard.

The Awami League Chief spoke of gross disparity in the Central Services, particularly defence services where 60 per cent of the countrie’s revenue is being spent. He said that 80 per cent of the defence expenditure was made in West Pakistan. He complained that the capital had been built at two places in West Pakistan but East Pakistan was given a show room in the name of a second capital. All capital formation had taken place in West Pakistan leaving East Pakistan deprived. He said that East Pakistan had some powers in the parliament which had also been taken away by the present regime. He, however, added that there was no difference between common man in East and West Pakistan.

“Ours have been a movement against exploiters who live in West Pakistan,” he said.

The Awami League said that in the light of the experience of the September War he had felt that only solution to the problems of geographycal peculiarity of Pakistan was regional autonomy in all spheres and self-sufficiency for East Pakistan in all matters.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman said that he had first placed his demands for a constitution on the basis of Six-Point Programme at a conference in Lahore in 1966. He said when the regime refused to pay heed to it he placed it before the people . “If the government did not pay any heed to the demands of the people he would again come back to the people.’’

One Unit

Referring to the demands for the dissolution of One Unit the Awami League leaders said that if the Pathans or Sindhis did not 34

want continuation of one unit, it should be dissolved. He said that the Government could not be allowed to do anything against the will of the people.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman suggested provincial autonomy for the former provinces of West Pakistan and regional autonomy for entire West Pakistan like that of East Pakistan.

Speaking on the students Eleven-Points demands, the Awami League leaders said that he did not only support the demands, he would also work for the realisation of the demands.

Condemning the recent killing and persecution of the people and imposition of curfew and army call-up, he asked the Government what right it had to let loose such a reign of terror to stop workers from demanding legitimate wages, cultivators from wanting due price for their produce and students and middle classes from seeking their rights. He demanded withdrawal of the Press and Publication Ordinance and ‘hulia’ on political workers.

He demanded adequate compensation for those killed during the mass upsurge. He also declared a committee will be formed for the collection of funds to give compensation to those victims.

Mr. Tofael Ahmed in his presidential speech demanded that the national anthem should be in Bengali which is the language of 56 per cent population of the country. He regreated that the national anthem was in Urdu, a language spoken by only 3 per cent of our population.

He deplored that there was little scope to speak in Bengali in the armed forces and Urdu was considered the only language of the ‘jawans’. He made a strong plea for the introduction of Bengali there.

Education Policy

Mr. Ahmed vehemently criticised the policy of provincialising the financially sound colleges like the Jagannath College, Carmichael College and Brojomohan College. He demanded that 35

these institutions be restored to their old status. He alleged that the Government adopted this policy only to restrict the racility of education, especially to the poor students.

Mr. Tofael Ahmed held that the kindergarten system with its English medium was fostering a kind of alien and elite spirit in the educaitonal field. He observed that any such instutition should not be allowed to run in East Pakistan. Mr. Tofael awarded a tilte on Sheikh Mujib: ÔÔBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib,’’ which means “Sheikh Mujib Friend of Bengal.”

Constitution

On behalf of the meeting the DUCSU Vice-President and Convener of the All Party Students Committee of Action appealed to Sheikh Mujib that he must come back from the Round Table Conference framed according to the will of the people of East Pakistan which constitutes 56 per cent of the population of the country.

Mr. Ahmed expressed his profound confidence in Sheikh Mujib that he would never let down the people and would carry on his struggle for the well being of the people. He cautioned that if for any reason the Sheikh held to live upto the people’s expectation, he would not be spared by the people. He called upon Sheikh Mujib not to make any ‘compormise’ till the Eleven-Point demands were fulfilled.

All Party Students Committee of Action member Saifuddin Ahmed Manik appealed to Sheikh Mujib to move stead firstly on the path of movement. He assured the leader that the masses were prepared. He fervently called upon Sheikh Mujib to give a call for relentless movement simultaneously with the progress of the parleys.

Referrfing to President Ayub’s suggestion for amending the Constitution, the student leader opined that “the people infact wanted to tear it up to pieces.” 36

Referring to Sheikh Mujib’s decision to participate in the Round Table Conference, Khaled Mohammd Ali, another member of the Committee of Action cautioned Sheikh Mujib that he must not make any ‘compromise’ till East Pakistan’s autonomy was achieved on the basis of Mujib’s Six-Points.

Mr. Ali observed that the allegation against Sheikh Mujib that he want ‘Secession’ was utterly false. He believed that Mujib’s Six- Points Programme was the demand for autonomy of East Pakistan.

Committee of Action member Mahbubullah emphasised that the people were so prepared for struggle that “today they consider death as cosy as flower wreath.” He called upon Sheikh Mujib to take up the leadership of the movement of Eleven-Points demand and for that to give a call for building up disciplined organisation and volunteer corps in all villages and mahallas.

Mr. Mahbubul Huq Dulan, another member of the committee of Action, maintined that the 11-Points , manifesto was the only programme behind which the people of East Pakistan stood firmly and resolutely. He cautioned that whatever agreement the leaders might arrive at in the Pindi talks unless the demands of the people were met it would not be accepted.

Resolutions

The public meeting held on Sunday at the Ramna Race Course under the auspices of the Students’ All –Party Committee of Action called upon the Government to immediately restore the rights of the people.

According a warm well come to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the meeting appealed to him to come forward to lead movement on the basis of the 11-Point demands of the Students. These meeting also urged that the future constitution shall be framed on that basis.

The meeting deplored that the safety Act and the press and publications Ordinance were yet to be repealed and the properties of 37

the Progressive Papers Limited were not still handed over to the original owners.

Hartal March 4

It made a fresh call to the people to observe hartal all over the province on March 4 demanding repeal of safety Act and Press and Publications Ordinance, withdrawal of all proclamations (hulia) and fulfillment of the Students’ 11-Point demand.

The meeting demanded that the political cases and all cases relating to the current mass movement must be withdrawn.

The meeting called upon the people to wear black badges on the ensuing Eid day as a mark of grief and respect for the martyrs who laid down their lives in firings by Police, EPR and Army during the current movement.

The meeting reiterated the ‘students’ earlier demand that the M N. As, M.P.As and B.D.s must resign by March 3. It also called upon all to give up all titles awarded by the present regime.

The meeting welcomed the decision of the Government to give compensation to the bereaved family of Dr. Shamsuzzoha of Rajshahi University and demanded that the families of all the martyrs of the current movement must be adequately copensated for.

KivPx nB‡Z cÖKvwkZ 24‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡Li DAWN cwÎKvq wbgœwjwLZ msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

DAWN

KARACHI

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 24,1969

Mujib demands directly elected Sovereign Parliament

Representation on basis of

population sought

Referendum in West Wing 38

on One Unit urged

Feb 23 : Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the Awami League Chief, today discarded parity and demanded representation in all spheres......

He asked the Government to leave the issue of One Unit to the people of West Wing to be decided by vote. He said that the people there did not want it (One Unit).

The Awami League Chief said that he had first in early 1966 placed his demand for a Constitution on the basis of his Six-Point programme at a conference in Lahore.

He added that when the present regime had refused to pay any heed to it, he placed it before the people. He said that the regime had accused him of trying to bring about secession of East Pakistan.

But he asked why the Eastern Wing with 56 per cent of the population of the country would go for secession. The Sheikh said : “If they (West Pakistan) want it they can do it. What we want are our rights as citizens of Pakistan. What we we want is due share in national affairs.”

ONE UNITED PEOPLE

Sheikh Mujib said students and the people of East and West Pakistan were one, united and fraternal in relations. Moreover, in both Wings, they were oppressed and it was only the rulers and the vested interests who were trying to divide them and dissociate the people of one region from the people of other region to perpetuate and preserve their interests, he added.

He told the crowd that students of East Pakistan protested against the killing of their brethren in West Pakistan and so did the students of West Pakistan when there was bloodshed in East Pakistan. This, he said demonstrated how much people of different regions loved each other. 39

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman explained the background of his Six- Point programme and said the experience of the 1965 September War with India showed that the two Wings of the country were cut off from each other.

He said even the President had not been able to visit East Pakistan during the war and there was panic prevailing here. He said when Lahore was attacked people in East Pakistan felt that it was an attack on their own territory but “we could not help each other during the war.”

The Awami League Chief said that in the light of the experience of the September War “we had felt that only solution to the problem was regional autonomy in all spheres and self- sufficiency for East Pakistan in all matters.

CHEATED ON PARITY

Sheikh Mujib said that the people of East Pakistan has accepted parity in representation in the parliament only on the condition that parity would be observed in all other spheres including the Central Services.

But, he said, that they had been deceived in this regard and said they were no more prepared to accept parity. “However, in East Pakistan would talk of parity he has no place here,” he said.

The Awami League Chief spoke of gross disparity in the Central Services, particularly the Defence Services. He said 80 percent of the defence expenditure were made in West Pakistan. He said the central capital was in West Pakistan and the capital formation had taken place more in West Pakistan. He said East Pakistan had some powers in the Parliament, which had also been taken away by the present regime. 40

Sheikh Mujib said: “My struggle is directed against all sorts of repression and exploitation and not against any region. He said all opressed Bengalees, Sindhis, Punjabees, Baluchis, Pakhtoons and Pathans are equal before me.

He said as the Central Capital, Central establishments capital formation, and head quarters of the three armed services were located in West Pakistan. Economic disparity between the two wings continued to widen unabated. It was in this context of things, he said, that he wanted autonomy for the people of East Pakistan as well as for those of different regions in West Pakistan who who would remain in a sub- federation.

FIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITERS

Sheikh Mujib said that people had struggled to achieve Pakistan for the 12 crore Pakitanis and not for a handful of industrialists, traders and businessmen.

He said that his fight was against some exploiters who had their headquartes in West Pakistan and not against the West Pakistan people.

He said he loved mankind irrespective of thier nationality or religion. He also advocated communal harmony in East Pakistan and said “Bengalees, Biharis, Hindus or Muslims, all who live in East Pakistan are our brothers.”

Shekih Mujib demanded that Radio Pakistan must adequately broadcast songs of Rabindra Nath Tagore. The Awami League Chief said that Rabindranath was not only poet of Bengalees but was a world poet.

He said that people read Shakespeare, Marx, Hafiz, Mao Tse Tung and Aristotle to learn some thing from them. Similarly people wanted to learn from Rabindra Nath. 41

‘ISLAMABAD CONSPIRACY CASE’

The public meeting began amidst thunderous cheers, and slogans, clapping and showering of flower petals. Sheikh Mujib took the mike to congratulate the people on their victory in securing the release of political detenus and those who were being tried for so- called conspiracy. He expressed his gratitude to the struggling students and masses.

Sheikh Mujib suggested that the people should henceforth described the so-called Agartala Conspiracy Case as the Islamabad Conspiracy Case and explained how and under what circumstances he was released and removed from the Central Jail at dead of night to be subsequently charged with conspiracy.

He said he could realise at the time of being removed from the central Jail to military custody that something serious was going to happen. In a choked voice, the Sheikh said : “I took a handful of dust at the gate of the Central Jail and prayed to Almighty Allah so that I could be buried in the soil of my motherland if I died..”

The Awami League chief declared he did not believe in any conspiracy. He said : “I fear only Allah and none else. What I realise, what I understand for the interest of my country I speak out without any fear,” he added.

He narrated his experience in solitary confinement during which, he said, he was not allowed to communicate with his family. He said he was prepared for the worst but even then he believed that the people would be able to realise their rights.

He said with the withdrawal of the cae, he had come out with 33 others who were accused but could not bring back one of them Sgt. Zahurul Huq. He condemned the Government action in “killing” Zahurul Huq, Dr. Shamsuzzoha, Asaduzzaman and others.

INDUSTRIALISTS WARNED

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman censured the Government for using the police against the workers for the interest of a few industrialists. 42

He said the workers were put into jail when they placed their legitimate demands and they were deprived of their rights.

He warned the industrialists that if they did not share a portion of their profit with the workers, they may have to incur a greater loss in the long run.

Sheikh Mujib criticised the Press and Publications Ordinance and regimentation of the Press and arrest of Journalists. He also criticised the University Ordinance.

The Awami League chief, said that he had been actively associated with all the movements in the country but none was like their present one.

He was particularly cirtical of Governor Abdul Monem Khan and said that if the latter remained here. It would not be possible to maintain peace. He said : “The President should keep his patwari (Governor Monem Khan) in West Pakistan.” “When I imagine his (Monem Khan’s) face. I see as if Namrud and Pharaoh are before me,” he said amidst laughter.

Sheikh Mujib said the proctor of Rajshahi University was killed in broad day light. Besides, so many students, peasants and workers.

Dc‡i ewY©Z igbv †im&‡Kvm© gq`v‡b 23‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L AbywôZ Rbmfv wewfbœ Kvi‡Y HwZnvwmKfv‡e m¥ibxq| GB mfvi gva¨‡g AvBqye Lv‡bi hyMe¨wc

GKbvqKZ¡ kvmb Ges iv‡óªi wb‡®úl‡bi Dci RbZvi weRq m~wPZ nq Ges

RbZvi `vexi gy‡L AvBqye Lvb we‡ivaxq `jxq †bZv‡`i e³e¨ kÖeY Kwi‡Z eva¨ nb| GKwU we‡kl Aa¨v‡`k gvidr MwVZ UªvBeybvj I lohš¿ÐwePvi QvÎÐRbZvi

Awem¥iYxq msMªv‡gi d‡j cvwK¯—vb miKvi evwZj Kwi‡Z eva¨ nb| GB me© cÖ_g

GK BDwbU evwZj Ges cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z wbe©vwPZ mve©‡fŠg cvjv©‡g‡›Ui `vex `k j¶vwaK RbZvi mg¥~‡L cÖKv‡k¨ DÌvwcZ nq|

ZvnvQvov, 6 `dvi wfwË‡Z m¦vqZ¡kvm‡bi `vex GB wekvj Rbmfv Aby‡gv`b K‡i| 43

GB Rbmfv nB‡ZB e½eÜy †kL gywRe cvwK¯—v‡bi c~e©vÂ‡ji evOjvi gvby‡li

Awemsev`x I GKQÎ †bZvq cwiYZ nb Ges Zvnv‡`i ü`‡q ¯’vqx Avmb jvf

Kwi‡Z m¶g nb| GB Rbmfv nB‡Z †h msMªv‡gi m~Pbv Zvnv evsjv‡`k m¦vaxbZv

AR©‡bi g‡a¨ m¤cbœ nq|

1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡Li kc_ MªnY Abyôvb t

1970 m‡bi wW‡m¤¦i gv‡m mgMª cvwK¯Zv‡b Bnvi cÖ_g I †kl RvZxq cwil‡`i wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| AvIqvgx jxM Bnvi 6 `dv `vexi wfwË‡Z wbe©vP‡b

Ask MªnY K‡i| Z`vbxš—b c~e©vÂ‡ji 162wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 160wU Avm‡b Rq jvf

K‡i| cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡bI AvIqvgx jxM 300 Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 288wU

Avm‡b Rqjvf Kwi‡Z mg_© nq| GB wecyj weRq‡K AvIqvgx jxM Bnvi 6 `dvi cÖwZ evsjvi RbM‡Yi ivq ewjqv AwfwnZ K‡i| D‡j−L¨ †h 1954 m‡bi cÖv‡`wkK wbe©vP‡bI hy³d«›U wbi¼yk weRq jvf KwiqvwQj wKš— cÖvmv` loh‡š¿i Kvi‡Y c~e©e‡½i RbMY weR‡qi cÖK…Z mydj AR©b Kwi‡Z e¨_© nBqvwQj| 1970 m‡bi

GBi“c wecyj weR‡qi ci Bqvwnqv miKv‡ii wbe©vPbÐcieZx© D‡Ïk¨ I lohš¿ m¤ú‡K© ‡kL gywR‡ei GKwU Avk¼v wQj ewjqv cªZxqgvb nq| nq‡Zv GB Kvi‡bB wbe©vP‡b GBi“c HwZnvwmK weR‡qi ciI wZwb wbe©vPb Z_v MYZ‡š¿i BwZnv‡m GKwU

Abb¨ mvavib c`‡¶c MªnY K‡ib| †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b me©Rb mg‡¶ AvIqvgx jxM

`j nB‡Z RvZxq cwil` I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` wbe©vwPZ mKj m`m¨‡K jBqv wZwb

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †gwb‡d‡óv 6 `dv ev¯—evq‡bi kc_ MªnY K‡ib| MYZvwš¿K we‡k¦ ivR‰bwZK `j¸wj wb‡R‡`i Kg©m~wPi wfwË‡Z cÖwZ›Øw›ØZv Kwiqv _v‡K wKš— wbe©vP‡b

Rqjv‡fi c‡i cÖKvk¨ Rbmfvq †mB Kg©m~wP ev¯Zevq‡bi kc_ Mªnb Kwievi †Kvb bwRi bvB|

GLv‡b D‡j−L¨ †h 1947 m‡b m¦vaxb ivóª wnmv‡e cvwK¯Zvb m„wó nBevi mgq nB‡ZB c~e© evsjv Zxeª ‰el‡g¨i m¦xKvi nBqv Avwm‡ZwQj| GB Ae¯nvi mvgvb¨Zg cÖwZev` Kwi‡jI †RjÐRyjyg AeavwiZ wQj| GB Amnbxq cwiw¯nwZ nB‡Z cwiÎvb cvBevi j‡¶ HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯Zv‡ei Avw½‡K cwic~Y© ¯evqZ¡kvmb `vex Kwiqv 44

†kL gywRe 1966 m‡b Zvunvi myweL¨vZ 6 `dv Kg©m~Px DÌvcb K‡ib| 6 `dv wbæiƒc (`wjjcÎ t wØZxq LÛ, c„t 259Ð265) t

1 bs `dv GB `dvq ejv nBqv‡Q †h, HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡ei wfwË‡Z kvmbZš¿ iPbv KiZt cvwK¯—vb‡K GKwU mwZ¨Kvi †dWv‡ikbiƒ‡c Mwo‡Z nB‡e| Zv‡Z cvj©v‡g›Uvix c×wZi miKvi _vwK‡e| mKj wbe©vPb mve©Rbxb cÖvßÐeq¯K‡ì mivmwi †fv‡U AbywôZ nB‡e| AvBb mfv mg~‡ni mve©‡fŠgZ¡ _vwK‡e| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 2 bs `dv GB `dvq Avwg cÖ¯—ve KwiqvwQ †h, †dWv‡ikb miKv‡ii GLwZqv‡i †KejgvÎ †`k i¶v I ciivóªxq e¨vcvi GB `yBwU welq _vwK‡e| Aewkó mg¯— welq †÷U mg~‡ni (eZ©gvb eë¯’vq hv‡K cÖ‡`k ejv nq) nv‡Z _vwK‡e| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 3 bs `dv GB `dvq Avwg gy`Öv m¤ú‡K© `yBwU weKí ev Aëvi‡bwUf cÖ¯—ve w`qvwQ| GB `yBwU cÖ¯—v‡ei †h †KvbI GKwU MªnY Kwi‡jB Pwj‡e t (K) c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ `yBwU m¤ú~Y© c„_K A_P mn‡R wewbgq‡hvM¨ gy`Övi cÖPjb Kwi‡Z nB‡e| GB eë¯’v Abymv‡i Kv‡iÝx †K‡›`ªi nv‡Z _vwK‡e bv, AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z _vwK‡e| `yB AÂ‡ji Rb¨ `yBwU m¦Zš¿ Ô‡óUÕ e¨v¼ _vwK‡e| (L) `yB AÂ‡ji Rb¨ GKB Kv‡iÝx _vwK‡e| G eë¯’vi gy`Öv †K‡›`ªi nv‡Z _vwK‡e| wKš‘ G Ae¯’vq kvmbZ‡š¿ Ggb mywbw`©ó weavb _vwK‡Z nB‡e hv‡Z c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi gy`Öv cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b cvPvi nB‡Z bv cv‡i| GB weav‡b cvwK¯—v‡bi GKwU †dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨v¼ _vwK‡e; `yB AÂ‡j `yBwU c„_K wiRvf© e¨v¼ _vwK‡e| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 4 bs `dv GB `dvq Avwg cÖ¯—ve KwiqvwQ †h, mKj cÖKvi U¨v·ÐLvRbvÐKi avh©¨ I Av`v‡qi ¶gZv _vwK‡e AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z | †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii †m ¶gZv _vwK‡e bv| AvÂwjK miKv‡ii Av`vqx †iwfwbDÐGi wba©vwiZ Ask Av`v‡qi m‡½ m‡½ †dWv‡ij Znwe‡j A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj Rgv nBqv hvB‡e| GB g‡g© wiRvf© e¨v¼ mg~‡ni Dci eva¨Zvg~jK weavb 45

kvmbZ‡š¿B _vwK‡e| GBfv‡e RgvK…Z UvKvB †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii Znwej nB‡e| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 5 bs `dv GB `dvq Avwg ‰e‡`wkK evwYR¨ e¨vcv‡i wbæi“c kvmbZvwš¿K weav‡bi mycvwik KwiqvwQ t `yB AÂ‡ji ‰e‡`wkK gy`Öv Av‡qi c„_K c„_K wnmve ivwL‡Z nB‡e| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi AwR©Z ‰e‡`wkK gy`Öv c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi GLwZqvi Ges cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi AwR©Z ‰e‡`wkK gy`Öv cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi GLwZqv‡i _vwK‡e| ‡dWv‡ik‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡`kx gy`Öv `yB AÂj nB‡Z mgvb fv‡e A_ev kvmbZ‡š¿ wba©vwiZ nvivnvwi g‡Z Av`vq nB‡e| ‡`kRvZ `Öe¨vw` webv ï‡é Dfq AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ Avg`vbxÐidZvbx Pwj‡e| e¨emvÐevwbR¨ m¤¦&‡Ü we‡`‡ki m‡½ Pyw³ m¤úv`‡bi, we‡`‡k †UªW wgkb ¯’vc‡bi Ges Avg`vbxÐidZvbx Kwievi AwaKvi AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z b¨v¯— Kwiqv kvmbZvwš¿K weavb Kwi‡Z nB‡e| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 6 bs `dv GB `dvq Avwg c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b wgwjwkqv ev c¨vivwgwjUvix i¶xevwnbx MV‡bi mycvwik KwiqvwQ|

cvwK¯—v‡bi mvgwiK miKvi c~e© nB‡ZB †kL gywRe‡K kµ Ávb KwiZ wKš‘ 6

`dv DÌvc‡bi ci Zvnviv Zvunv‡K gnvkµ MY¨ KiZt †RjÐRyjyg I hZfv‡e m¤¢e

Zvunvi Dci wbh©vZ‡bi óxg †ivjvi PvjvBqvwQj| GB 6 `dv `vexi cÖ‡kœ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mggbv `j¸wj GgbwK cwðg cvwK¯—vbx †K›`ªxq †bZ„e„›`I Zvunv‡K cwiZ¨vM

K‡i wKš‘ wZwb Ges c~e© cvwK¯—vb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ„e„›` 6 `dv‡KB evsjvi gvby‡li gyw³i mb` MY¨ KiZt msMªvg PvjvB‡Z _v‡Kb| GK mgq Ggb Ae¯nv

`vuovBqvwQj †h Zuvnv‡K cÖwZw`bB †Kvb bv †Kvb †Rjvq Avmvwg nBqv nvwRiv w`‡Z nBZ Ges †MªdZvi nB‡Z nBZ| Zrci 1966 mb nB‡Z †RjLvbvq _vKv Ae¯nvq

1968 m‡b AvMiZjv lohš¿ †gvKvÏgvq 1bs Avmvwg nBqv 1969 m‡bi 22†k

‡deªyqvwi ch©š— XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui †Rj Lvbvq _vwK‡Z nBqvwQj| †mLv‡bI Zvunv‡K nZ¨vi cwiKíbv Kiv nBqvwQj| GBi“c AZ¨vPvi wbcxo‡bi c‡iI †kL gywRe Zvunvi

6 `dv `vex nB‡Z we›`ygvÎ mwiqv Av‡mb bvB KviY wZwb wek¦vm Kwi‡Zb †h ïaygvÎ 46

6 `dv `vex Av`vq gvidrB evOvwj Zvnvi b¨vh¨ AwaKvi Av`vq I msi¶b Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e| QvÎ RbZvi †hŠ_ i³¶qx msMªv‡gi ci †kL gywRe‡K gy³ Kwiqv Avbv m¤¢e nq|

1970 m‡bi 30‡k gvP© Zvwi‡Li GK Av‡`k e‡j cwðg cwK¯—v‡bi GK

BDwbU wejyß Kwiqv PviwU cÖ‡`k MVb Kiv nq Ges Bmjvgvev` I †K›`ªxq kvwmZ

GjvKv †dWv‡ij GjvKv †NvwlZ nq| GKB Zvwi‡Li Legal Framework Order

(LFO) e‡j cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i mivmwi †fv‡U wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g 300 m`m¨ Ges 13

Rb gwnjv cÖwZwbwamn 313 Avm‡bi RvZxq cwil` MV‡bi †Nvlbv †`Iqv nq|

AZtci, 1970 m‡bi wW‡m¤¦i gv‡m LFO Gi AvIZvq ALÛ cvwK¯—v‡b mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| AvIqvgx jxM 6 `dv Kg©m~Pxi wfwË‡Z wbe©vPb K‡ib

Ges c~e© cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z 162 wUi g‡a¨ 160 wU Avmb jvf K‡i| 30‡k wW‡m¤¦i miKvi c¶ nB‡Z †NvlYv Kiv nq †h RvZxq cwil‡`i cÖ_g Awa‡ekb XvKvq

AbywôZ nB‡e| wbe©vP‡b GBiƒc wecyj Rqjv‡fi ci †kL gywRe Zuvnvi mKj

RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK msm` m`m¨‡`i jBqv 1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi igbv

†im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AbywôZ GK Rbmfvq ewmqv 6 `dv Kg©m~Px ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨

Zvnvw`M‡K kc_ evK¨ cvV Kivb| 1971 m‡bi 4Vv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ

‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvq GB m¤ú‡K© wb‡æv³ msev` cwi‡ekb Kiv nq (`wjjcÎ t

2q LÛ, c„t 608Ð609) t

ÔÔ MYcÖwZwbwa‡ì kc_ ‡kvlYgy³ myLx mgv‡Ri eywbqv` Movi msKí (óvd wi‡cvU©vi ) gy³ kc‡_ `xß exi ev½vjx‡ì wbe©vP‡bvËi mvMªn cÖZx¶vi Aemvb NUvBqv evOvwj Z_v cvwK¯—v‡bi †KvwU †KvwU ewÂZ gvby‡li KvgbvÐevmbvi wcjmy‡R m¤¢vebvi Awbe©vb wkLv cÖR¡wjZ Kwiqv cÖvYÐwcÖq ‡bZv †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †bZ„‡Z¡ AvIqvgxjxM `jxq be wbe©vwPZ RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil` m`mïv cÖZ¨q`„pK‡Ú MZKvj (iweevi) igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi Awem¥iYxq I Af~Zc~e© MYÐgnvmvM‡ii †ejvf~wg‡Z ùvovBqv AÂ‡j AÂ‡j I gvby‡l gvby‡l weivRgvb Pig ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK ‰el‡gï wPi Aemvb NUvBqv †kvlbÐgy³ myLx mgv‡Ri eywbqv` 47

Mwoevi CwùZ KwVb kc_ Mªnb K‡ib| ÔÔ Avgiv kc_ Kwi‡ZwQÐÐÐÐÐ ÔÔAvgiv RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` AvIqvgx jxM `jxq be wbe©vwPZ m`më„›` kc_ MªnY Kwi‡ZwQ cig Ki“Yvgq I me©kw³gvb Avj−vnZvqvjvi bv‡g ; Avgiv kc_ MªnY Kwi‡ZwQ †mBme exi knx‡ì I msMªvgx gvby‡li bv‡g, hvnviv AvZ¥ûwZ w`qv I Pig wbh©vZbÐwbcxob †fvM Kwiqv AvR Avgv‡ì cÖv_wgK weR‡qi m~Pbv Kwiqv‡Qb| ÔÔ Avgiv kc_ MªnY Kwi‡ZwQ GB †`‡ki K…lK, kÖwgK, QvÎ, †gnbZx gvby‡liÐZ_v me©‡kÖYxi Rbmvavi‡Yi bv‡g t * RvZxq mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g GB †`‡ki Avcvgi RbmvaviY AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Kg©m~Px I †bZ„‡Z¡i cÖwZ †h wecyj mg_©b I AKzÚ Av¯’v Ávcb Kwiqv‡Qb, Dnvi gh©v`v i¶vK‡í Avgiv me©kw³ wb‡qvM Kwie ; * Qq`dv I GMv‡ivÐ`dv Kg©m~Pxi Dci cÖ`Ë my¯úó MY iv‡qi cÖwZ Avgiv GKwbôi“‡c wek¦¯— _vwKe Ges kvmbZ‡š¿ I ev¯—e cÖ‡qv‡M QqÐ`dv Kg©m~Px wfwËK m¦vqZ¡kvmb I GMv‡ivÐ`dv Kg©m~Pxi cÖwZdjb NUvB‡Z me©kw³ cÖ‡qvM Kwie; * AvIqvgx jx‡Mi bxwZ, Av`k©, D‡Ïk¨ I Kg©m~Pxi cÖwZ AwePj AvbyMZ¨ Ávcbc~e©K Avgiv A½xKvi Kwi‡ZwQ †h, AÂ‡j AÂ‡j I gvby‡l gvby‡l weivRgvb Pig ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK ‰el‡gï wPi Aemvb NUvBqv †kvlbgy³ GK myLx mgv‡Ri eywbqv` Mwoevi Ges Ab¨vq, AwePvi we`ywiZ Kwiqv mZ¨, b¨vq cÖwZôvi Rb¨ wbijm cÖ‡Póv PvjvBqv hvBe ; * RbMY Aby‡gvw`Z Avgv‡ì Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZeÜKZv m„wói cÖqvmx †h †Kvb gnj I Aïf kw³i wei“‡× Avgiv cÖej cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb Mwoqv Zywje Ges mvaviY gvby‡li AwaKvi cÖwZôvK‡í †h †Kvbi“c Z¨vM m¦xKvi KiZt Av‡cvmnxb msMªv‡gi Rb¨ Avgiv me©`v cÖ¯—yZ _vwKe| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì mnvq nDb, Rq evsjv, Rq cwK¯—vb|ÕÕ MZKvj (†iveevi) weKv‡j †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AvIqvgx jxM `jxq 151 Rb RvZxq cwil` Ges 268 Rb c~e© cvwK¯—vb cwil` m`m¨ 6Ð`dv I 11Ð `dv ev¯—evq‡bi msKí †NvlYv Kwiqv kc_ Mªnb K‡ib| AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingvb Abyôvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| m¤¢eZt cvj©v‡g›Uvix MYZ‡š¿i BwZnv‡m GB ai‡Yi MYkc_ Mªnb GB cÖ_g| ‡kL gywR‡ei Wvbcv‡k©¦ RvZxq cwil` m`m¨MY Ges evg cv‡k©¦ cÖv‡`wkK cwil` m`m¨MY ùvovBqv kc_ Mªnb K‡ib| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki evg nv‡Z kc_bvgv Ges Wvbnv‡Z kc‡_i fw½‡Z Dw`Z wQj| †bZvi m‡½ m‡½ mKj 48

m`m¨ kc_bvgv cvV K‡ib| kc_ cvV Kivi c~‡e© †kL gywRe †NvlYv K‡ib RbcÖwZwbwaMY RbM‡Yi mvg‡b RbmvaviY‡K mv¶x ivwLqv kc_ Mªnb Kwi‡Z‡Qb| kc_ Mªnb mgvß nB‡j wekvj RbZv Dj−v‡m dvwUqv c‡o|ÕÕ

4Vv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L ‰`wbK AvRv` cwÎKvq wbgœ wjwLZ msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

‡im†Kv‡m©i wekvj Rbmg~‡`ª †kL gywR‡ei †NvlYv t msMªvg †kl nq bvB| (óvd wi‡cvU©vi)

MZKj¨ ewievi †im‡Kv‡m©i Rbmgy`ª‡K D‡Ïk Kwiqv AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywRei ingvb Av‡eMRwoZ K‡Ú e‡jb, ÔÔAvR e³„Zv ïi“ Kwievi c~‡e© m¥iY Kwi Ð gnvb ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vjb,Õ ÕevlwÆi AvBqyeÐ we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, Õ†QlwÆi 7B Ry‡bi msMªvg I ÕAvUlwÆi Ð ÕDbmËy‡ii MYAf~¨Ìv‡b knx` QvÎÐkªwgKÐK…lKÐga¨weË mgv‡Ri gvby‡li K_v| gywRe e‡jb, ÔÔAvR mKj‡K m‡½ jBqv GB MYmgv‡e‡k kc_ jB‡ZwQÐÐ knx`v‡bi i³ e„_v hvB‡Z wè bv| hZw`b AvKvk evZvm _vwK‡e, evsjv†`k _vwK‡e, evsjvi gvwU _vwK‡eÐÐÐ ZZw`b i‡³i K_v fywje bv| cÖ‡qvRb nB‡j wb‡Ri i³ w`qv Zvnv‡ì i³ÐFY cwi‡kva Kwie|ÕÕ XvKvi BwZnv‡mi e„nËg MYÐmgv‡e‡k AvIqvgx jxM `jxq RvZxq I cÖ‡`wkK cwil‡ì m`m¨‡ì kc_ MªnY Abyôv‡b †kL gywRe `„pZvi mwnZ e‡jbt ÔÔmsMªvg GLbI †kl nq bvBÐ msMªv‡gi m‡egvÎ ïi“|ÕÕ

‡kL gywRe Ø¨_©nxb K‡Ú ‡NvlYv K‡ib, ÔÔAvgiv hvnv cvk Kwie, ZvnvB cvwK¯—v‡bi kvmbZš¿| Zvnv bm¨vr Kwievi ¶gZv KvnviI bvB| hw` †Kn K‡ib, †`kÐe¨vcx cÖPÛ MYÐwe‡ùvi‡Y Zvnvi Reve †`Iqv nB‡e|ÕÕ

ewÂZ c~e© evsjvi gvbwPÎ Aw¼Z ÔÔRq evsjvÕÕ cv‡ji bx‡P `vuuovBqv ì` M¤¢xi K‡Ú ‡kL gywRei ingvb †NvlYv K‡ib, ÔÔevi evi NyNy Zywg †L‡q hvI avbÐ Gevi NyNy †Zvgvi ewae civY|ÕÕ j¶ j¶ nv‡Zi gyûg~©ût KiZvwji g‡a¨ RvwZi D‡Ï‡k †kL gywRe my¯úó cÖwZkª“wZ D”PviY K‡ib, ÔÔGKUv eo K_v ewj‡Z PvB; G‡`‡k mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ Aek¨B Kv‡qg Kiv nB‡e| eo †jvK‡K Avi eo‡jvK nB‡Z †Ìqv nB‡e bv Ges Mixe‡KI bv LvBqv gwi‡Z †Ìqv nB‡e bv| GB †`k nB‡e Mixe kÖwgKÐK…lKÐme©nviv †gnbwZ gvby‡li|ÕÕ

AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb e‡jb, ÔÔïay wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf Kwi‡jB `vex Av`vq nq bv| `vex Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Pig msMªv‡giI cÖ‡qvRb nB‡Z cv‡i| 49

mvZ †KvwU ev½vjxi †mB msMªv‡gi cÖ¯—ywZ MªnY Kwi‡Z nB‡e| i‡³i FY cÖ‡qvRb nB‡j i‡³B †kva Kwi‡Z nB‡e|ÕÕ

‡kL gywRe e‡jb, ÔÔwbe©vP‡b MYZ‡š¿i cÖv_wgK Rqm~wPZ nBqv‡Q, m‡›`n bvB| wKš‘ GB Rq †kL gywRe ev AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Rq bq; GB Rq mvZ †KvwU Mixe ev½vjxi Rq|ÕÕ

‡kL gywReyi ingvb e‡jb, ÔÔGB wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv ïay evsjvi bq Ð mviv cvwK¯—v‡bi msL¨vMwi‡ô cwiYZ nBqv‡Q| wmÜy, cvÄve, †ejywP¯—vb I mxgvš—cÖ‡`‡ki Mixe RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì mgvb ggZ¡‡eva iwnqv‡Q| Zvnv‡ì cÖwZ BbmvdB nB‡e Avgv‡ì g~j j¶¨|ÕÕ

‡kL gywRe e‡jb †h, ewÂZ RbM‡Yi GB RqhvÎv‡K evbPvj Kwievi Rb¨ wbe©vP‡bi c~‡e© cÖwµqvkxj†Mvôx GQjv‡gi e¨emvq bvwgqvwQj|

wZwb wRÁvmv K‡ib, ÔÔwbe©vP‡bi ci Avcbv‡ì bvgvR cwo‡Z †Kn wb‡la Kwiqv‡Q ? ÕÕ wZwb e‡jb, ÔÔGQjvgx Av`‡k©B Avwg ewj‡ZwQ, GB †`‡k wn›`y, L„óvb, †eŠ×, gymjgvb mgvb AwaKvi wbqvB _vwK‡e|ÕÕ wZwb AviI e‡jb, ÔÔa‡g©i ewYK‡ì Gmjvgx wePv‡i †Kvov gvivi wb‡`©k iwnqv‡Q|ÕÕ †kL gywRe e‡jb, ÔÔRbMY‡K †auvKv †Ìqvi Rb¨ wcÐwWÐwc nBqv‡Q, wZb †gvQ‡jg jxM GK nBqv‡Q, GQjvgx d«›U nBqv‡Q wKš‘ evsjvi gvbyl `vjvj‡ì nvjvj Kwiqv w`qv‡Q, ciMvQv mvd Kwiqv w`qv‡Q|ÕÕ

AvIqvgx jxM †bZv e‡jb, ÔÔ6Ð`dv I 11Ð `dv RbM‡Yi m¤cwË| Bnv cwieË©b ev cwiea©‡bi ¶gZv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi bvB| kvmbZš¿ GB 6Ð`dv I 11Ð`dv wfwË‡ZB cÖYxZ nB‡e| †Kn †VKvB‡Z cvwi‡e bv|ÕÕ

Z‡e wZwb e‡jb †h, ÔGB e¨vcv‡i cwðg cvwK¯—vbx †bZv‡`i mn‡hvwMZv `iKvi Ges mn‡hvwMZv PvB|Õ

‡kL gywRe †NvlYv K‡ib, Ôcwðg cvwK¯—vbx †bZv‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡b cÖ¯y—Z AvwQ| wKš‘ bxwZi cÖ‡kœ †Kvb Av‡cvl bvB|Õ

e³„Zvi GK ch©v‡q wZwb ew¯— GjvKvq Dbœqb KvR ïi“ Kivi AvnŸvb RvbvBqv Avgjv‡`i wnmve ‰Zix Kivi wb‡`©k †`b|

‡gvnv‡Ri‡`i D‡Ïk¨ Kwiqv †kL gywRe AviI e‡jb, ÔÔ23 ermi ci Avcbviv Avi †gvnv‡Ri b‡nb| GLb Avcbviv G‡`‡ki gvwUi mwnZ wgwkqv hvb|ÕÕ 50

wZwb e‡jb, ÔÔAvgiv GLbI †gvnv‡Ri Ki w`qv Avwm‡ZwQ| wKš‘ GKwU cqmvI e¨q nq bvB| Gevi Zvnvi wnmve PvBÐ evsjv†`k G ch©š— KZ †gvnv‡Ri Ki w`qv‡Q|ÕÕ

Rbmgy‡`ª †kL gywRe †NvlYv K‡ib †h, †Mvjvgxi wk¶v e¨e¯nv Awej‡¤¦ cwieË©b Kiv nB‡e| GB cÖm‡½ wZwb wk¶K‡`i mg¥vb e„w×i Avk¦vm †`b|

GK ch©v‡q wZwb KzL¨vZ wek¦we`¨vjq AwW©b¨vÝ evwZ‡ji `vex K‡ib|

me©Rb mg‡¶ GB kc_ Mªnb Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g 6Ð`dv cÖ‡kœ †kL gywRe m¤¢eZ B”QvK…Z fv‡e wb‡R‡K I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mKj wbe©vwPZ m`m¨MY‡K Ggb

GKwU Av‡cvlnxb Abo Ae¯nv‡b †Vwjqv w`qv fwel¨Z Av‡cv‡li c_ Ggbfv‡e eÜ

Kwiqv †`b hvnv‡Z cwi¯nwZi Pv‡c †hb wZwb wb‡RI 6 `dv cÖ‡kœ †Kvb Av‡cvl

Kwi‡Z bv cv‡ib| GBfv‡e wZwb ïaygvÎ cÖv‡`wkK m¦vqZ¡&kvmb nB‡Z AKw_Zfv‡e 6

`dvi gva¨‡g cvwK¯—v‡bi `yB Ask‡K jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡e ewY©Z †dWv‡ikb ai‡Yi ivóª e¨e¯’vi w`‡K avweZ KivBqv cvwK¯—v‡bi ivRbxwZ‡K m¤ú~Y© wfbœLv‡Z cÖevwnZ

Kwievi cÖqvm jBqvwQ‡jb| c~e©vÂ‡ji wbe©vwPZ RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK m`m¨‡`i †K 6

`dv `vexi cÖwZ AvbyM‡Z¨i kc_ MªnY KivBqv wZwb Bnv‡K evOvwji RvZxq m¤ú‡` cwiYZ K‡ib| GB NUbv 6 `dvi cÖwZ Zvunvi cwic~Y© A½xKv‡ii cwiPvqK Ges cÖK…ZB wZwb cvwK¯Zvbx mvgwiK Rvš—vi kZ cÖ‡jvf‡bi gy‡LI evOvwj RvwZi m¦v_© mgybœZ ivwL‡Z mg_© nb| GB mKj Kvi‡YB 1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AbywôZ Rbmfv I kc_ MªnY Abyôv‡bi Acwimxg

HwZnvwmK g~j¨ iwnqv‡Q|

1971 m‡bi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY t

igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`vb 1971 m‡bi 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L cybivq 10 j‡¶iI

AwaK RbmgvM‡g gyLwiZ nq| Hw`bwU‡Z evOvwj RvwZi BwZnv‡m GK b~Zb Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv nq| Bnv GKwU Abb¨ mvaviY w`em| Hw`b cvwK¯Zvbx mvgwiK Rvš—vi i“³P¶y D‡c¶v Kwiqv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯¦vaxbZvi WvK †`b|

1jv gvP© nB‡Z wZwb Z`vbxš—b cvwK¯Zv‡bi c~e©vÂ‡ji cÖK…Z kvm‡K cwiYZ nb| 51

1jv gvP© nB‡Z 25‡k gvP© ch©š— GB‡`k Zvunvi wb‡`©k Abymv‡i cwiPvwjZ nq|

†K›`ªxq ev cÖv‡`wkK †Kvb miKviB ZLb Kvh©Ki wQj bv| wZwb Zvunvi ivR‰bwZK

Rxe‡bi m‡e©v”P wkL‡i Av‡ivnb KwiqvwQ‡jb| Zvunvi wb‡`©kB wQj †`‡ki AvBb| wZwb Poet of PoliticsÐG cwiYZ nb|

K) cUf~wgKv t

D‡j−L¨ †h 1970 m‡bi wW‡m¤¦i gv‡m AbywôZ RvZxq wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM

6 `dvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZØw›`¦Zv Kwiqv Af~Zc~e© mvdj¨ jvf K‡i| wKš‘ mvgwiK Rvš—vi cÖvmv` lohš¿ m¤¦‡Ü †kL gywR‡ei wZ³ AwfÁZv wQj| GB Kvi‡b AvIqvgx jxM nB‡Z †Kvb wbe©vwPZ m`m¨ hvnv‡Z †Kvb fv‡eB 6 `dv `vex nB‡Z mwiqv bv Avwm‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨ †kL gywRe Zvunvi mKj wbe©vwPZ m`m¨MY‡K jBqv 1971 m‡bi 3iv

Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b 6 `dv mgybœxZ ivwLevi A½xKvi Kwiqv

GK kc_ Mªnb Abyôvb K‡ib|

wbe©vP‡bi ciciB RvZxq msm` AvnŸvb Ges kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi cÖkœ I‡V|

11B Rvbyqvwi Bqvwnqv XvKvq AvMgb K‡ib Ges 12B I 13B Rvbyqvwi `yB `dv

†kL gywR‡ei mwnZ Av‡jvPbv nq| 14B Rvbyqvwi XvKv Z¨v‡Mi g~û‡Z© wegvb e›`‡i mvsevw`K‡`i cÖ‡kœi DË‡i wZwb e‡jb †h †kL gywRe †`‡ki fvex cÖavbgš¿x |

H mgqKvi NUbv m¤ú‡K© Siddiq Salik Zvunvi Witness to Surrender cy¯Z‡K wbgœwjwLZ eY©bv cÖ`vb K‡ib (1997 ms¯‹iY, c„t 33Ð34)t

“If anybody could intervene to break the deadlock, it was President Yahya Khan. He flew to Dacca on 12 January 1971. He used this occasion to come to a ‘thorough understanding’ of the SixÐ Points. Mujib and half a dozen of his senior colleagues were invited to the President’s House to ‘present’ their SixÐPoints. Lieutenant- General S.G.M. Peerzada, Principal Staff Officer to the President, summoned Governor Ahsan to attend the meeting Ahsan, who had always been ignored in important political decisions about East Pakistan, reluctantly came over. He thought it was too late to attempt a ‘thorough understanding’ of the Awami League programme. It should have been done much earlier so that 52

necessary stepts could have been taken in time. Now when the entire province had voted for it, this move would be of little help. Yahya, Peerzada and Ahsan sat on one side of the discussion table while Mujib, Khondkar Mushtaq, Tajuddin and their colleagues sat on the other. On the Awami League side, Mujib did most of the talking. He presented his Six Points one by one. After explaining each point, he said, ‘You see, there is nothing objectionable in it. What’s wrong with it ? It is so simple.’ Yahya and his aides listened. General Peerzada made an observation here and there but Mujib very sweetly overruled him. Yahya Khan, in the end, said, ‘I accept your Six Points. But there are strong feelings against them in West Pakistan. You should carry West Pakistan with you.’ Mujib readily said, ‘Of course, of course, we will carry West Pakistan with us. We will consult them. We will frame the constitution. We will frame it on the SixÐ Points. We will show a copy of our constitution to you. There will be nothing wrong in it.’ Yahya Khan batted his heavy eye-lashes, puffed at his foreign cigarette and remained silent. I owe this version to Vice-Admiral Ahsan. Another account of the same meeting is given by the Central Communications Minister, Professor G.W. Chaudhry, who accompanied President Yahya Khan to Dacca on this historic mission. He tells us that the President was badly hurt by Mujib’s betrayal. He says : ‘As soon as the (Mujib-Yahya) meeting was over, I received and answered a summons from the President’s House to see Yahya. I found him bitter and frustrated. He told me, “ Mujib has let me down. Those who warned me against him were right; I was wrong in trusting this person.” ... When I specifically asked him, “Have you reminded Mujib about his pledges made on the eve of the elections?ÕÕ Yahya’s reply was made with deep anguish. “You and I are not politicians – It is difficult for me to understand their mind and way of thinking. Let us pray and hope for the best.” General Yahya Khan left for Karachi on 14 January in the same disturbed mood. I was present at Dacca airport when he answered journalists’ questions. He seemed to have lost all hope for the future. No reply, comment or ‘aside’ gave the slightest hint 53

about his plans. He seemed impatient to throw the burden of further decisions onto Mujibur Rehman. In reply to a question, he said, ‘Ask him (Mujib), he is the future Prime Minister of Pakistan. When he comes and takes over, I won’t be there. It is going to be his government soon. After his departure, a Bengali journalist said to me, ‘The key sentence in the President’s statement is “I won’t be there” because the Awami League has refused to assure him of his continued presence in the President’s chair under the democratic arrangement, unless he promises to authenticate the Awami League’s draft Constition.’ ’

17B Rvbyqvwi Bqvwnqv cvwL wkKv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ wmÜyi jviKvbvq Mgb K‡ib

Ges Z_vq †RW G fy‡Ævi AvwZ_¨ Mªnb K‡ib| Zvnvi mwnZ †mbvevwnbx cÖavb

†Rbv‡ij nvwg` I †jt †Rbv‡ij cxiRv`v wQ‡jb| ¯úóZB cÖZxqgvb nq †h fy‡Ævi mwnZ Av‡jvPbvq †mbvevwnbxiI Ask MªnY wQj| fy‡Ævi evmfe‡b AvwZ_¨ Mªnb Ges

Av‡jvPbvq †mbvevwnbxiI AskMªnb m¦fveZB XvKvq †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡›`‡ni m„wó nq| weMZ 23 erm‡ii cÖvmv` loh‡š¿i †cÖ¶vc‡U evOvwj gvÎB †cÖwm‡W›U I fy‡Ævi Kvh©Kjvc†K MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqvq DËi‡bi wec‡¶ Bnv‡K

ÔjviKvbv lohš¿Õ ewjqv AvksLv Kwi‡ZwQj| D‡j−L¨ †h wccj&m cvwU© e¨wZ‡i‡K cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡bi †ek wKQy msL¨K msm` m`m¨ cvwK¯Zv‡bi msL¨vMwiô †bZv †kL gywR‡ei cÖwZ mg_©b Rvbvq|

Bqvwnqvi jviKvbv mdi m¤¦‡Ü wmwÏK mvwj‡Ki gš—e¨ wbgœiƒc

(Witness to Surrender,c„t 35) :

“The selfish broker, after a day’s relaxation in Karachi, flew to Larkana as Mr. Bhutto’s guest. The P.P.P. Chairman, who had naturally kept a watchful eye on the Mujib-Yahya meeting in Dacca, extended his traditional hospitality to the Preisdent and his aides. Among those who joined the President on this ‘duck shooting’ trip was the Army Chief, General Hamid. His presence at once inspired fearsome speculation in Dacca. The Awami League felt that a 54

conspiracy was being hatched, with the active support of General Hamid, to punish Mujib for his unbending attitude in the recent talks. Then appeared an important picture on the front page of Dacca papers showing Yahya and Bhutto enjoying a stroll on the spacious lawns of Al-Murtaza. It was in sharp contrast with the tense atmosphere in which the Dacca meeting was held. A Bengali journalist close to the Awami League, said to me, ‘Look at this. When Yahya comes here, one of his staff officers rings up Mujib, the majority party leader, to come and report to the President at the President’s House but when he goes there, he stays with Bhutto, the minority-party leader. Is this the respect that the Army has for democracy?”

H mgqKvi NUbv m¤c‡K© nvmvb Rnxi Zvnvi ‘The seperation of East

Pakistan’ cy¯—‡K e‡jb (c„t 136-137) t

“Yahya went to Larkana on 17 January for hunting, as a guest of Bhutto. Peerzada, who accompanied him, recounts the visit: To see Bhutto after Mujib at Larkana or elsewhere was logical. Yahya enjoyed shikar and discussed current politics also. In one of the meeting Bhutto philosophized Mr. President, there are three parties to power transfer- the majority party of Mujib, the majority party of West Pakistan (the People’s Party), and the Army.’ Yahya snubbed him ‘Zulfi, don’t put me on this three-legged stool. I have done my duty.’ Yahya then elaborated his discussions with Mujib and advised that there was only one party and that was the majority party emerging from the elections. Any bargaining by West Pakistan should be done with Mujib. Yahya further said that he would encourage all political parties [emphasis by Peerzada] to hold preliminary talks about the constitutional position in keeping with the LFO. 46 Bhutto has given his account of the meeting with his guests. Apart from Peerzada, Yahya had brought with him his close friend General Hamid, and one or two other generals. On arrival, Yahya with his usual joviality said that he had purporsely brought Hamid 55

to dispel Bhutto’s impression that the generals were hostile to him. Later, Yahya referring to his Dhaka meetings told the host and others : ‘I had very good discussions in East Pakistan and the Six Points were explained to me. I think it is quite possible to have a Six-Point Constitution. Even in Australia, foreign trade is in the hands of the Provinces.’ Bhutto observed that the President had not given careful thought to the implications of the Six Points. While it might be possible to have a settlement if Mujib compromised on two points, foreign trade and foreign aid and taxation, in their totality the Six- Points were bounds to lead to secession. Continuing, Bhutto said that while he would personally prefer to sit as leader of the opposition, he could not allow Mujib to take the posts of both Prime Minister, and President. By convention, nominations to the two posts should be made by the majority parties of the respective Wings. In the alternative, Bhutto suggested a grand coalition of the two Wings. Yahya said this was what he had suggested to Mujib. It is easy to imagine that, given the deep suspicions about Mujib’s Six-Points, Bhutto’s articulation of the dangers arising from them to the country and the army itself must have created a deep impression on the generals. Karim thinks that in the Larkana meeting ‘Bhutto made known to Yahya in a very subtle way that the army leadership was with him on the East-West issue. It also created suspicions in Bengali minds of a combination of the army and Bhutto to deprive East Pakistan of their electoral victory.’ Yahya’s choice of Bhutto’s own home as the venue for political negotiations, while enjoying the lavish hospitality of the rival leader, was impolitic in the highly sensitive atmosphere of the times. The President was expected to be seen carrying on serious negotiations on critical national affairs with rival political leaders in an even- handed manner. With Mujib, the meetings were strictly according to the presidential protocol of timings and venue at the President House. In Larkana, the political negotiations were carried on in circumstances which could be interpreted as a friendly get-together of the generals and Bhutto, presided over by the President, discussing West Pakistan’s strategy to counter the designs of the Bengalis.”

GKB mgqKvi NUbv m¤¦‡Ü Air Martial Mohammad Asghar Khan ‘The

Generals in Politics’ cy¯—‡K gš—e¨ K‡ib (c„ t 28Ð29) :

“Reports that reached Mujib-ur-Rehman of Yahya Khan’s stay at Larkana confirmed him in his view that a conspiracy had been hatched against him and Yahya Khan’s Larkana visit should, therefore, be regarded as a truning point in the fortunes of the country. Mujib-ur-Rehman, who had adopted a flexible stand prior to the General selection of December 1970, began to harden his stand following his land-slide victory. However, he had probably not, until the Larkana visit, burnt his boats and even as late as mid January, led Yahya Khan to believe that he could be trusted to keep his Six Points within the framework of one Pakistan. How this would be done was not spelt out and I believe that in spite of the public stand that Mujib-ur-Rehman had taken, the matter could have been settled if Yahya Khan and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto had been willing to surrender power to the majority party in the National Assembly-the Awami League. Since mutual distrust was rapidly mounting, the situation began to deterioate at a fast pace.”

BwZg‡a¨ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi c¶ nB‡Z cÖ_‡g msweavb iPbv I Zrci miKvi

MVb Kwievi Avnevb Rvbvb nq Ges †mB j‡¶ 15B †deªyqvwii g‡a¨ XvKvq RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb AvnŸvb Kwievi Rb¨ †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui cÖwZ Aby‡iva Ávcb Kiv nq|

fy†Æv Zvnvi `‡ji K‡qKRb m`m¨mn 27†k Rvbyqvwi XvKvq Av‡mb Ges †kL gywR‡ei mwnZ K‡qK `dv ‰eVK K‡ib| wKš‘ msweavb m¤cwK©Z Av‡jvPbv

AgxgvswmZ ivwLqvB wZwb wdwiqv hvb| eiÂ cÖ¯ZvweZ 15B †deªyqvwii g‡a¨ RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb AvnŸv‡bi wZwb we‡ivaxZv K‡ib| BwZg‡a¨ †cÖwm‡W›U Gg AvB

Kwig†K XvKvq †cÖiY Kwiqv †kL gywRe‡K Bmjvgvev‡` Avwmevi Rb¨ Avgš¿b

Rvbvb, wKš‘ †kL gywRe GB Avgš¿Y cÖZ¨vLvb K‡ib|

AZtci, 13B †deªyqvwii GK †NvlYvq Bqvwnqv Lvb 3iv gvP© mKvj 9Uvq

XvKvq RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb AvnŸvb K‡ib| 15B ‡deªyqvwi fy‡Æv †NvlYv K‡ib

†h Zvnvi `j D³ Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`vb Kwi‡e bv|

15B ‡deªyqvwi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil` m`m¨ Ges 57

†K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK IqvwK©s KwgwUi m`m¨‡`i GK †hŠ_ ‰eV‡K fwel¨r Kg©cš’v I wm×vš— Mªn‡Yi me©gq ¶gZv `jxq cÖavb †kL gywR‡ei Dci Ac©Y Kiv nq|

16B ‡deªyqvwi msm`xq `‡ji ‰eV‡K †kL gywRe‡K AvbyôvwbK fv‡e cvj©v‡g›Uvwi cvwU©i †bZv wbe©vPb Kiv nq| ‰mq` bRi“j Bmjvg‡K †K›`ªxq cvj©v‡g›Uvwi cvwU©i mnKvix †bZv wbe©vPb Kiv nq|

19 ‡deªyqvwi Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi mwnZ fy‡Ævi 5 N›Uv e¨vcx GK Av‡jvPbv nq|

21 ‡deªyqvwi Bqvwnqv Lvb Zvnvi †emvgwiK gš¿xmfv evwZj K‡ib| 22†k

‡deªyqvwi wZwb cÖ‡`kØ‡qi Mfb©i I mvgwiK cÖkvmK‡`i GK mfv AvnŸvb

K‡ib| GB mfvqB cvwK¯—v‡bi fvM¨ wba©viY nBqv hvq| nvmvb Rnxi Gi fvlvq

(c„:Ð140Ð143) t

“On 22 February, Yahya called a conference of the Governors and MLAs; Hamid, Peerzada, and others were also present. Yahya brought up the political deadlock on the Assembly session. Sahibzada gives this account of the meeting: The opinion was generally but not unanimously against any postponement of the Assembly session. But Yahya seemed to have made up his mind. I and Ahsan requested for a private meeting. The President left the Cabinet room and took me, Ahsan, Hamid, and Peerzada to the side-room. I and Ahsan expalined the very serious consequences of any postponement. Yahya wanted to impose openÐ sword martial law to roll back the political situation to what it was in 1969. We said it was impossible now. He was adamant but said he would further discuss it next morning. That night I could not sleep and drafted a letter to Peerzada for the President bringing out the full implications of postponement and re-introduction of naked martial law. Both I and Ahsan were staying in the East Pakistan House and in the morning I showed this handwritten letter to Ahsan who endorsed it. We went to the President’s Secretariat and I gave this handwritten letter to Peerzada who read it and remarked, ‘it will create trouble’. But he did not say whether he agreed with its contents or not. Meanwhile, the buzzer came from the President and we were ushered into his office. Peerzada placed my letter before the President who read it once and then again. Yahya was a bit shaken 58

but stuck to his views. He thought ‘a whiff of the grapeshot’ would do the trick and reimposition of the rigours of martial law would create no problems. We could not convince the President. He remained adamant regarding postponement unless Mujib could be persuaded to make concessions on the Six Points to enable Bhutto and other West Pakistan leaders to attend the Assembly session. But we dissuaded him from re-introducing the naked martial law. Peerzada during all this time did not say a word...... Peerzada was in favour of postponement as he told me: ‘If the National Assembly had not been postponed and met as earlier announced on 3 March I have no doubt that Awami League would have declared independence.’ The decision to postpone the National Assembly meeting is regretted, in retrospect, by the West Pakistani intelligentsia as a tragic decision which led to the break up of Pakistan. A considerable body of opinion holds Bhutto responsible for it. Two aspects of the sitution, as it had emerged in the last week of February, need to be highlighted to put the controversy in its proper perspectibve. It may also be mentioned in passing that, at the time these momentous decisions were taken, they were not criticized by the Press or the intelligentsia of West Pakistan in the manner in which they are now, with the acquired wisdom of hindsight. In fact, most of the vocal classes and formus hailed them and welcomed the army action eventually taken in the last week of March. The opposition to Yahya came from Admiral Ahsan and the generals serving in East Pakistan who were more realistic than the generals in Rawalpindi. In their courageous stands they got no support from any quarter and in West Pakistan at the time were even condemned as traitors for pleading peace and harmony between the two Wings of the country...... The linkage between the five and a half hour Bhutto-Yahya meeting on 19 February and the amendment in the LFO on 20 February, which enabled Bhutto to strengthen his conrol over recalcitrant party men, is too obvious to be missed. During the 59

Governor’s Conference two days later, Ahsan found the atmosphere in Rawalpindi one of crisis and military intervention. All this shows that Yahya’s thought-processes had started transforming after the Larkana meeting. The pressures exerted by Bhutto and the hawkish generals and the continued truculence demostrated by Mujib led Yahya to seriously consider the re-imposition of naked-sword martial law to regain control over the sitution. It is alleged that there was an understanding between Bhutto and the central army leadership to prevent the Awami Legague from implementing the Six Points, which it would have if the National Assembly had been allowed to meet. The course of political affairs after the Larkana meeting lends credence to the convergence of the army’s perceptions with Bhutto’s of the dangers posed by the Awami League to the integrity of Pakistan...... The position that emerges from the above analysis of the various factors in the February situation is that Bhutto, in opposing Mujib and the Six Points, was really articulating the stand of the West Pakistani establishment. His refusal to go to the National Assembly had the full support of Yahya and the Rawalpindi generals. It would not be fair to blame Bhutto for the postponement of the Naitonal Assembly session unless it is conceded that the Six- Points were acceptable to the army, the establishment, and to West Pakistan in general. If the Six Points were acceptable to Yahya then he need not have postponed the Assembly session. The Army could have easily ensured the security and attendant West Pakistani members as were willing to attend the session, Bhutto’s threat of dire consequences notwithstanding. But Yahya gave no assurance of security of the person of the political leaders who intended to attend the session. He rather flippantly told them, when they came to see him after Bhutto’s Lahore speech of 28 February ‘when your legs are borken, you tell me and then I will do something. In Fact, Yahya seems to have used Bhutto go get out of the situation created by his thoughtless decisions. Bhutto, on the other hand, used Yahya to build himself up as the sole leader of West Pakistan and earned the permanent odium of forcing the postponement of the 60

Assembly, leading to the secession of East Pakistan. Bhutto could have as effectively adopted the democratic path of attending the session and using the Assembly floor for whatever he wanted to project. In the last resort, he could have walked out after showing that he had exhausted all constitutional means to maintain the integrity of Pakistan.”

GB mgqKvjxb NUbv m¤¦‡Ü AvmMvi Lvb e‡jb (Generals in Politics, c„ t

28) :

Bhutto had all along maintained close liasion with Yahya Khan and after his visit to Dacca invited him and his close advisers, Generals Hamid and Pirzada, to Larkana as his guests. They stayed there for a few days and were enternained lavishly. If a holiday and relaxation and been the only purpose of the visit, perhaps the results would not have been as disastrous for Pakistan as they turned out to be. Unfortunately, fateful decisions were taken and it was agreed in principle that force would be used in East Pakistan if Mujib-ur-Rehman did not change his attitude. These decisions were ratified in a more representative meeting of the Junta in Rawalpindi in mid February. In one of my conversations with Yahya Khan in the middle of 1970, he told me that in a meeting a few days earlier, Bhutto had suggested to him that he should forget about the elections. Yahya khan said that Bhutto had told him that, Yahya Khan the soldier and Bhutto the politician, would make a very good team and could together run the country. Yahya Khan said that he had replied that this made some sense and had asked what he proposed to do about East Pakistan. To this, according to Yahya Khan, Bhutto had replied, “East Pakistan is no problem. We will have to kill some 20,000 people there and all will be well.” When I asked Yahya Khan as to what was his reaction to this suggestion, he had shrugged his shoulders and said, “What can one say to such a suggestion.” Thus, what prior to the elections of 1970 had appeared absurd had by February 1971 become wrothy of serious consideration. (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

cÖvK 1jv gv‡P©i NUbvejx jBqv Lt. General (Retd.) A.A.K. Niazi Zvnvi

‘The Betrayal of East Pakistan’ (1998) cy¯—‡K e‡jb (Preface p-XXIV-XXVI) :

Immediately after the 1970 elections Mr. Bhutto had asked M.M. Ahmad, Adviser Economic Affairs Division, and Mr. Quamar-ul Islam, Deputy Chairman Planning Commission, to prepare a paper for him to prove that West Pakistan could flourish without East Pakistan. In February 1971 Major-General Omer was telling the politicians not to go to Dhaka to attend the National Assembly session because, he said, Dhaka had become the hub of intrigue, and it would be better to quit East Pakistan. Mr. Bhutto was admonishing the elected members of the Assembly that those who went to Dhaka for the session would be punished serverely. He said conclusively that the East and West Wings should leave each other alone in his famous utterance ‘Idhar hum, udhar tum’(me here, you there). Bassically Bhutto was not prepared to accept the role of opposition leader of a united Pakistan; his endeavours were therefore directed at compromising Mujib’s right to form the government, which would only be possible if East Pakistan gained independence.

The final plan for the dismemberment of Pakistan was hatched between General Yahya and Bhutto at Larkana, Bhutto’s home town. The plan, which came to be known as the M.M. Ahmed plan, aimed at abandoning East Pakistan without a successor government, which meant by losing the war. So all the effors of Yahya’s junta and Bhutto’s coterie were directed towards losing the war. They neither desired a political settlement, nor did they want a cease-fire. Instead of working on the plan, ‘Battle of East Pakistan will be fought in West Pakistan’, which was evolved at the very inception of Pakistan to keep Pakistan united, they were working on the plan, ‘Lose East Pakistan without a successor government.Õ (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

ivIjwcwÛ‡Z 22‡k ‡deªyqvwi‡Z AbywôZ MfY©i I mvgwiK cÖvkmK‡`i mfvi cÖfve m¤¦‡Ü wmwÏK mvwjK e‡jb (Witness to Surrender, c„t 38Ð40:) 62

Two days after Bhutto announced his decision, Yahya Khan dismissed his civilian cabinet. It marked the end of civilian involvement in his regime and a reversion to pure Martial Law rule. Two days later, he called his military governors and martial law administrators for a conference in Rawalpindi. Lieutenant-General Yakub and Vice-Admiral Ahsan were to attend from East Pakistan. They were to meet on 22 February...... I do not know what they discussed and decided in Rawalpindi but I know the impact of their deliberations in Dacca. The news that reached us there was that Mujib would be given one more opportunity to prove his good intentions othewise ‘Martial Law would be reimposed (that is, enforced) in its classical role.’ This implied two things. One, that renewed efforts for a political dialogue with Mujib would be made. Two, that military plans for regaining control would be finalized. Work on both commenced simultaneously in Dacca immediately after the return of General Yakub and Admiral Ahsan. Ahsan held rounds of talks with Mujib trying to convince him that he should climb down from his position on the Six Points to make them acceptable to West Pakistan. Ahsan told him, You preach the Six Points for East as well as West Pakistan whereas the people in the West Wing have strong feelings against them. You, therefore, should make a big gesture to wipe out the popular sentiments against them.’ Mujib, according to Admiral Ahsan, promised to make the gesture. He announced a few days later that he would not insist on the application of the Six Points to the West Wing. As to the contents of the Six Points vis-a-vis East Pakistan, he did not budge an inch. General Yakub also ordered his staff to finalize the operational plan ‘BLITZ’ which was originally prepared by Headquarters 14 Division for internal security. I, too, was asked to put the final touches to my mini-plan for a total press censorship in East Pakistan. It was to be incorporated in the main ‘BLITZ’ plan. ‘Prepare it in such a way that on the green signal, you enforce complete censorship without raising any queries,’ said the brigadier. ‘But may I ask one question now ?’ ‘Yes,’ he replied. I said,’ ‘What is 63

the basis of this plan?’ Should I assume that the civil servants are on our side- because censorship is normally carried out with the help of civilian press officers ?’ He said rather angrily, ‘I don’t know. It is your job to assess their reaciton and find any answer to your problem...... But don’t get it (the plan) typed. Make only one copy in your own hand and deposit it with me today. Two infantry battalions-22 Baluch and 13 Frontier Force- started flyng in by P.I.A. on 27 February. The process continued till 1 March. The local Brigade Headquarters (57 Brigade) was asked to receive the additional troops and integrate them into the new operational plan. The Bengali brigade major was kept out of this arrangement for reasons of security. But hundreds of troops landing at Dacca, an airport manned mostly by Bengalis, could not be kept a secret.

27‡k ‡deªyqvwi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi msm`xq `‡ji AbywôZ mfvq 6 `dvi wfwË‡Z Lmov kvmbZš¿ Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq |

1971 m‡bi 1 jv gvP© Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKv 3iv gvP©

Zvwi‡L AbywôZe¨ Avmbœ RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`vb Kwievi Rb¨ cwðg cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z RvZxq cwil` m`m¨M‡Yi XvKvq AvMgb Ges AvIqvgx jxM cvj©v‡g›Uvix cvwU© 6 `dvi wfwË‡Z Lmov msweavb cÖYqb msµvš— mfvi msev` cwi‡ekb K‡i| Gw`‡K XvKvq ZLb 28‡k ‡deªyqvwi ZvwiL nB‡Z wewmwmwc wUg I

B›Uvib¨vkbvj GKv`k wU‡gi g‡a¨ wµ‡KU †Ljv XvKv †ówWqv‡g Pwj‡ZwQj Ges

XvKvevmx Z_v mgMª cÖ‡`kevmx D³ †Ljv m¦P‡¶ ev †iwWI gvidr AZ¨š— Avb‡›`i mwnZ Dc‡fvM Kwi‡ZwQj|

2iv gvP© Zvwi‡Li B‡ËdvK cwÎKv `„‡ó cÖZxqgvb nq †h, 3iv gvP©

Zvwi‡L Avmbœ RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ek‡bi A‡c¶vq mgMª †`k GKwU Drme g~Li cwi‡e‡k Aaxi AvMª‡n A‡c¶vgvb| cvwK¯—v‡bi BwZnv‡m GB cÖ_g GKwU mve©‡fŠg RvZxq msm‡ì Awa‡ekb AbywôZ nB‡Z hvB‡Z‡Q| †h AvKv•Lv jBqv c~e©e½evmx 1946 m‡b cvwK¯—vb m„wói c‡¶ m¦Zù~Z©fv‡e Zvnv‡ì †fvUvwaKvi cÖ‡qvM KwiqvwQj †mB cvwK¯—v‡bi GKwU MYZvwš¿K msweavb cÖYxZ nB‡Z hvB‡Z‡Q, 64

wbcxwoZ evOvwj GB cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ wb‡R‡`i fvM¨ Mwoevi my‡hvM cvB‡Z hvB‡Z‡Q| GB mKj Avkv AvKv•Lvi †`v`yj¨gvb Ae¯’vq †`‡ki Avcvgi

RbmvaviY hLb Aaxi AvMª‡n A‡c¶vgvb ZLb nVvr KwiqvB webv †g‡N eRªcv‡Zi b¨vq Acivý 1t05 wgwb‡Ui mgq †iwWI cvwK¯—v‡bi we‡kl Abyôv‡b cwVZ

†cÖwm‡W†›Ui GKwU wee„wZ‡Z RvZxq cwil‡`i Avmbœ Awa‡ekb Awbw`©ó Kv‡ji Rb¨

¯’wMZ †NvlYv Kiv nq|

H mg‡q XvKv †ówWqv‡g cÖvq Aa©j¶vwaK `k©K cig Drmv‡n I Avb›` mnKv‡i wµ‡KU †Ljv Dc‡fvM Kwi‡ZwQj| XvKvmn mgMª cÖ‡`‡k AwdmÐ

Av`vjZ, nvUÐevRvi, ¯KzjÐK‡jR, wek¦we`¨vjq me©Î hvnvi hvnv Kvh© ZvnvB m¦vfvweK fv‡e Kwi‡ZwQj| XvKv kni wQj kvš— myybmvb Avb›`gyLi| me©ÎB †hb

Drm‡ei Av‡gR engvb| eû cªZxw¶Z MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi wdwiqv cvBevi GKwU wmœ» Avb›`Nb cwi‡ek| wKš‘ nVvr eRªvNvZmg GB msev‡` ¶wY‡Ki Rb¨ mK‡jB ¯—

äÐnZevK| Zrci g~ûZ© g‡a¨ Avkvn‡Zi we‡ùviY| GB msev‡` mK‡j m¦ZtùyZ©©fv‡e iv¯—vq bvwgqv Av‡m| †Kvb †bZvi Wv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †Kn Abyfe

K‡i bvB| gyû‡Z©B †ówWqvg nB‡Z we¶yä `k©KMY evwni nBqv c‡o| †Ljv

Zvr¶wYKfv‡e eÜ nBqv hvq| mKj ¯—‡ii Avcvgi RbmvaviY m¦Zù~Z©fv‡e cÖPÛ we‡¶v‡f dvwUqv c‡o| GBfv‡eB 1jv gvP© Zvwi‡Li w`¦cÖni 1t05 wgwb‡U cvwK¯— v‡bi we`vq N›Uv evwRqv DwVj|

mgMª cÖ‡`k GB AcÖZ¨vwkZ †NvlYvq ¯—w¤¢Z nBqv hvq| mw¤¦Z wdwiqv cvBqvB cÖPÛ we‡¶v‡f wemywfqv‡mi gZ dvwUqv c‡o| wbe©vP‡bi c‡iI †kL gywRe

†h cÖvmv` loh‡š¿i Avk¼v Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb ZvnvB m‡Z¨ cwiYZ nBj|

GB cwiw¯’wZ m¤¦‡Ü 2iv gvP© Zvwi‡L ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvq ÔcÖwZev‡` ivRavbx‡Z cÖPÛ we‡¶vfÕ wk‡ivbvg wb‡æv³ cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ nq t

ÔÔ eû cÖZxw¶Z RvZxq cwil` Awa‡ekb Abyôv‡bi gvÎ `yBw`b c~‡e© MZKvj (‡mvgevi) †ejv 1Uv 5wgwb‡Ui mgq AvKwm¥Kfv‡e RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ ¯’wMZ †NvlYv Kwiqv cvwK¯—vb †eZv‡i †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui wee„wZ cÖPv‡ii m‡½ m‡½ ivRavbx XvKv cÖPÛ †¶v‡f dvwUqv c‡o| †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui GB wee„wZ cÖPv‡i `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l mKj †kÖYxi gvby‡li 65

†¶vf `vevb‡ji gZ QovBqv c‡o Ges m¦ZtùyZ©fv‡e kn‡ii mKj †`vKvbcvU eÜ nBqv hvq| miKvixÐ‡emiKvix Awdm, eëmvq cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix, wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi QvÎÐwk¶K, KjKviLvbvi kÖwgK Ges Av`vj‡Zi AvBbRxweMY iv¯—vq bvwgqv Av‡mb| †MvUv kni weMZ 1969 mv‡ji MYAf~¨Ìv‡bi b¨vq m¦ZtùyZ© wgwQ‡ji bMix‡Z cwiYZ nq| wkí GjvKv, KjKviLvbv, AwdmÐAv`vjZ Ges wewfbœ gnj−v nB‡Z AmsL¨ m¦ZtùyZ© wgwQj evwni nq| XvKv ev‡ii m`m¨MYI m¦ZtùyZ© wgwQj evwni K‡ib| ivRavbx‡Z UvDb mvwf©m evmI m¦ZtùyZ©fv‡e eÜ nBqv hvq| wgwQjKvix‡ì †Pv‡LÐgy‡L †¶vfvbj cwijw¶Z nB‡ZwQj| eRªK‡Ú Zuvnviv †gw`bx cÖKw¤úZ Kwiqv fy‡Æv I †kvlYwe‡ivax †k−vMvb `vb K‡ib| GB mgq XvKv †ówWqv‡g we,wm,wm,wc wUg Ges B›Uvib¨vkbvj GKv`k wU‡gi g‡a¨ AbyôvbiZ †Ljv m¦ZtùyZ©fv‡e fvw½qv hvq| †ówWqvg nB‡Z AwMœùywj‡½i gZ ewnivMZ µxov`k©KMY iYcÖ¯—yZ ‰mwb‡Ki b¨vq jvwV‡mvUvmn wgwQ‡j mvwgj nBqv hvq| ivRavbxi wewfbœ GjvKvi wgwQj¸wj AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi gyL nB‡Z wb‡`©k jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ gwZwSj¯’ †nv‡Uj c~e©vYxi w`‡K AMªmi nB‡Z _v‡K| †ejv 3 Uvi w`‡K †nv‡Uj c~e©vYxi m¤§yLfvM †jv‡K †jvKviY¨ nBqv hvq| D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †h †ejv mv‡o 3Uvq †nv‡Uj c~e©vYx‡Z AvIqvgx jxM cvj©v‡g›Uvix cvwU©i ‰eVK Abyôv‡bi K_v wQj| ‰eVK ïi“ nBevi c~‡e©B c~e©vYx †nv‡Uj GjvKvq wZj avi‡Yi VuuvB _v‡K bv| GB mgq gwZwSj¯’ GjvKvi wewfbœ fe‡bi Qv‡` ùvovBqv nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl †kL mv‡n‡ei wb‡`©k jv‡fi Avkvq cÖZx¶v Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb| ‰eVK †k‡l msMªv‡gi Kg©m~Px †NvlYv Kiv ch©š— RbZv c~e©vYx †nv‡Uj GjvKvq ùvovBqv _v‡Kb| BwZg‡a¨B cëb gq`vb GK m¦ZtùyZ© Rbmgy‡`Ö cwiYZ nq| GB mgqI ivRavbxi wewfbœ gnj−v Ges kniZwj GjvKv nB‡Z G‡Ki ci GK wgwQj cë‡bi w`‡K Avwm‡Z _v‡K| cë‡bi m¦ZtùyZ© Rbmgy‡`Öi D‡Ï‡k¨ c~e© cvwK¯—vb QvÎjx‡Mi mfvcwZ b~‡i Avjg wmwÏKx, mvaviY m¤úv`K kvnRvnvb wmivR, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †K›`ªxq QvÎ msm‡ì mnÐmfvcwZ Avtmtgt Avãyi ie, mvaviY m¤úv`K Avãyj KzÏym gvLb, AvUlwÆÐEYmË‡ii MYAf~¨Ìv‡bi bvqK RvZxq cwil‡ì m`m¨ Rbve †Zvdv‡qj Avng`, RvZxq kÖwgK jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`KÐRvZxq cwil` m`m¨ Rbve Avãyj gvbœvb cÖgyL fvlY `vb K‡ib| GB wekvj Rbmgy`Ö RvZxq cwil` Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvlYvi Zxeª cÖwZev` Ávcb K‡ib| mgv‡e‡k AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingvb 66

KZ„©K †NvwlZ Kg©m~Pxi cÖwZ c~Y© mg_©b Ávcb Kiv nq| wekvj Rbmgy`Ö RbM‡bi AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ eRª kc_ Mªnb K‡ib| mfvi wewfbœ e³v `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l RbMY‡K HKë× nIqvi Rb¨ Avnevb Rvbvb| mfv‡k‡l wekvj Rbmgy`Ö wgwQj Kwiqv bIqvecyi mìNvU, Bmjvgcyi, PKevRvi nBqv knx` wgbv‡i Mgb K‡ib| wgwQjKvixMY AvR (g½jevi) kn‡i c~Y© niZvj cvj‡bi Avnevb Rvbvb| AvKwm¥Kfv‡e RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvlYvi cÖwZev‡` MZKvj c~e© cvwK¯—vb QvÎ BDwbq‡bi D‡`¨v‡M (gwZqv MÖ“c) GK we‡¶vf wgwQj evwni Kiv nq| Zuvnviv evqZyj †gvKviig cÖv½‡Y GK Rbmgv‡e‡ki Av‡qvRb K‡ib| mfvq lohš¿Kvix‡ì Pµvš— cÖwZnZ Kivi kc_ Mªnb Kiv nq| Bnvi c~‡e© XvKv ev‡ii AvBbRxexMY wgwQj Kwiqv evqZyj †gvKviig cÖv½‡Y mg‡eZ nb|Zuvnviv evqZyj †gvKviig cÖv½‡Y kvn AvwRRyi ingv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GKmfv Abyôvb K‡ib| D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †h, MZKvj mKvj nB‡Z †cv¯—v‡Mvjv GjvKvi kÖwgKMY Ôfy‡Ævi f~wgKvi cÖwZev‡`Õ kn‡i we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b K‡ib| BnvQvov, MZKvj mÜ¨v Ges iv‡ZI ivRavbxi wewfbœ GjvKvq we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| mÜ¨vq ivRavbxi wewfbœ iv¯—vi †gv‡o m¦ZtùyZ© c_mfv I mgv‡ek AbywôZ nq| MZKvj weKv‡j kn‡ii me©Î kvwš—c~Y©fv‡e we‡¶vf cÖ`wk©Z nB‡jI GK‡kÖYxi K‡qKRb †jvK bvR wm‡bgv n‡ji wU‡KU KvD›Uv‡i AwMœ ms‡hvM Kivi cÖqvm cvq| Bnv‡Z wm‡bgv n‡ji mvgvb¨ ¶wZ nq| Aek¨ c‡i RbmvaviY Av¸b wbfvBqv †d‡jb| BnvQvov, ivRavbxi †Kvb †Kvb GjvKvq wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi mvBb †evW© evsjv †jLvi bx‡P Bs‡iRx †jLv _vKvq GK‡kÖYxi AwZDrmvnx e¨w³ Bs‡iRx †jLv gywQqv †d‡j ewjqv Awf‡hvM cvIqv hvq|

Kgjvcy‡i cÖwZev` mfv

MZKvj mÜ¨vq Kgjvcyi BDwbqb 8 bs IqvW© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GK mfvq RvZxq cwil` ¯’wM‡Zi Zxeª cÖwZev` Ávcb Kiv nq| Rbve Iqv‡ik Lv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ GB cÖwZev` mfvq Rbve Avãyj gwZb, Rbve mvdv‡qZ †nv‡mb, †eMg †nvm‡b Aviv Avmvdz‡ÏŠjv cÖgyL gvby‡li AvkvÐAvKv•Lv cÖwZdj‡bi gy‡L AvKwm¥Kfv‡e RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvlYvi Zxeª wb›`v Kwiqv e³„Zv K‡ib| 67

mfvq GKZv k„•Ljv i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Kgjvcy‡ii Avwaevmx‡`i cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb nq| mfvq wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `Ö‡e¨i mieivn I g~j¨ m¦vfvweK ivLviI wm×vš— Mªnb Kiv nq| wc,AvB,G

RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ ¯’wMZ ivLvi msev` kÖe‡Yi AeëwnZ c‡iB XvKv¯’ wc,AvB,Gi mKj Kg©Pvix Rbmvavi‡Yi mwnZ iv¯—vq bvwgqv Av‡mb I we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b K‡ib| Av`gRx wg‡ji kÖwgK‡ì KvR eR©b

RvZxq cwil` Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZKi‡Yi cÖwZev‡` Av`gRx RyUwg‡ji kÖwgKMY KvR eR©b Kwiqv GK wekvj †kvfvhvÎv evwni K‡i| c‡i weKvj 5Uvq Av`gRx dzUej gv‡V Av`gRx RyU wgj kÖwgK BDwbqb, wmw×iMÄ _vbv AvIqvgx jxM I wmw×iMÄ _vbv QvÎjx‡Mi D‡`¨v‡M GK weivU cÖwZev` mfv AbywôZ nq| ¯’vbxq AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Wvt Avãyj gv‡jK mfvq mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib| kÖwgK †bZv Rbve b~i Avn¤§` Lvb, Wvt byi“j û`v, Rqbvj Av‡ew`b, Rbve byi †gvnv¤§`, Rbve †Mvjvg gIjv, Rbve †gveviK Avjx cÖgyL mfvq e³„Zv K‡ib| mfvq cÖ¯—v‡e Kvjwej¤¦ bv Kwiqv RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb Avnevb Kiv `vex Rvbvb nq|

Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ ivLvq Mfxi `ytL cÖKvk Kwiqv †kL gywRe e‡jb (B‡ËdvK cÖwZ‡e`b )t ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐïay msL¨vjwNó `‡ji †mw›U‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ cwil` Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ ivLv nBqv‡Q Ges Avgiv Dnv bxi‡e mn¨ Kwi‡Z cvwi bv| Bnvi Øviv MYZvwš¿K c×wZ cÖvq e¨_© nBqv‡Q| cwil` Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki mKj m`m¨B XvKvq wQ‡jb| Rbve fy‡Æv Ges Rbve KvBqyg Lv‡bi `j Qvov cwðg cvwK¯—vbx mKj m`m¨B Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡Z ivRx wQ‡jb| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ wZwb e‡jbt Avgvi `j Avgv‡K †h †Kvb wm×vš— Mªnb Kivi ¶gZv w`qv‡Q| wZwb e‡jb †h, cvj©v‡g›Uvix cvwU©i m`m¨MY MZ 3iv Rvbyqvix †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †h kc_ MªnY KwiqvwQ‡jb Dnvi cybive„wË Kwiqv‡Qb|(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë) ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ GB cÖm‡½ †gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjxi eY©bv cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| wZwb

Zvnvi “How Pakistan Got Divided” cy¯—‡K e‡jb (e½vbyev` t evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥, c„t

59)t 68

1jv gv‡P©i `ycy‡i hLb cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb gyjZwe msµvš— †NvlYvwU cÖPvwiZ nj, ZLb cÖ‡Z¨K evsMvjxi cÖwZwµqv wQj mwnsm Ges mK‡ji †fZ‡iB wek¦vmNvZKZvi wkKvi nIqvi gvivZ¥K Abyf~wZi m„wó n‡qwQj| mgMª evsMvjx RvwZB Gevi hy‡×i c‡_ †b‡g wM‡qwQj| †NvlYvwUi ga¨ w`‡q QvuP ‰Zwi Kiv n‡q wM‡qwQj| Avgvi g‡b †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB †h, Awa‡ekb gyjZwe Kivi †NvlYvi m‡½ m‡½ 1 gv‡P©B cvwK¯—v‡bi fvOb N‡UwQj| cieZ©xKv‡ji NUbvejx wQj cÖavb NUbvi AbymiY gvÎ|

`ycyi GKUv cuvP wgwb‡U †iwWI‡Z †NvlYv cÖPvwiZ nIqvi ci K‡qK wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ mKj ¯—‡ii gvbyl KvR eÜ K‡i w`‡q †nv‡Uj c~e©vYxi evB‡i mg‡eZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj †hLv‡b †kL gywRe I Zvui `‡ji Gg Gb G ‡ì Awa‡ekb PjwQj| RbZv evuk, jvwV, Zxi, †jvnvi iW cÖf„wZ‡Z mw¾Z wQj| XvKv wµ‡KU †ówWqv‡g wewmwmwc GKv`k I Avš—Rv©wZK GKv`‡ki ga¨Kvi †Ljvi `k©Kiv †NvlYvi wei“‡× Zxeªfv‡e cÖwZwµqv †`wL‡qwQj| Zviv gv‡V Xy‡K wM‡q gyjZwei wei“‡× †k−vMvb w`‡Z _v‡K Ges Awej‡¤¦ †Ljv eÜ Kivi `vwe Rvbvq| GB `vwe `ª“Z gvbv nq Ges †L‡jvqvo‡ì cÖniv w`‡q wbivc` ¯nv‡b mwi‡q †bqv nq| cÖ‡`wkK mwPevj‡qi mKj óvd KvR eÜ K‡i w`‡q mv‡_ mv‡_ †ewi‡q Av‡m| XvKv nvB‡KvU©i AvBbRxexiv wgwQj †ei K‡ib| †m−vMvb gyLwiZ QvÎ‡ì m‡½ mKj Av‡›`vjbKvix GK‡hv‡M †nv‡Uj c~e©vYxi w`‡K P‡j Av‡m, Zviv †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi K_v ïb‡Z Pvq| we‡Kj mv‡o wZbUvq AbywôZ mvsevw`K m‡g¥j‡b gywRe RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb g~jZwe Kivi wm×vš—‡K me©vZ¥Kfv‡e P¨v‡jÄ Kivi cÖwZÁv †NvlYv K‡ib| wZwb 2 gvP© XvKvq Ges 3 gvP© mviv cÖ‡`‡k niZvj Avn&evb K‡ib| Zvui D‡Ïk¨ wQj wb‡Ri kw³ cwigvc Kiv Ges †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui †NvlYvi wei“‡× RbM‡Yi cÖwZwµqv m¤c‡K© cÖkvmb‡K †evSv‡bv| c‡i, †mw`b we‡K‡j cëb gq`v‡b RbZv mg‡eZ nq| GLv‡b QvÎjx‡Mi cÖv³b mfvcwZ I bewbe©vwPZ Gg Gb G †Zvdv‡qj Avng` I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi kÖwgK msMVb, RvZxq kÖwgK jx‡Mi Ave`yj gvbœvb fvlY †`b| RbZvi R½x †gRvR †_‡K G K_v ZLb cwi¯‹vi n‡q wM‡qwQj †h, Zviv Avi ïay fvl‡Y mš‘ó bq, Zviv Pvq A¨vKkb| wKQy `y®K…ZKvix wRbœvn GwfwbD‡Z A¯nvbxq‡ì m¤c‡` AwMœms‡hvM K‡i| Gici ci bIqvecyi GjvKvq jyUcv‡Ui NUbv N‡U| Gi †P‡qI fqsKi Lei Av‡m bvivqYMÄ ivB‡dj K¬ve †_‡K| QvÎ‡ì GKwU `j †mLvb †_‡K mvZwU ivB‡dj I 300 ivDÛ ¸jx †Rvi K‡i wQwb‡q †bq| wcAvBGÐi Kg©PvixivI KvR eÜ K‡i †`q, hvi d‡j Af¨š—ixY wegvb PjvPj APj n‡q c‡o| mÜ¨vi w`‡K bMixi wewfbœ ¯nv‡b RbMY‡K †QvU †QvU Mªy‡c wef³ n‡q Rgv‡qZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq, ivwÎ nIqvi ci Aek¨ Zviv QÎf½ n‡q c‡o|

1jv gv‡P©i †NvlYvq evOvwj wKfv‡e we¶yä nBqvwQj Zvnv weª‡MwWqvi G,Avi, wmwÏKx wjwLZ ÔEast Pakistan The Endgame’cy¯—‡K cvIqv hvq ( c„t 63)t

As expected, East Pakistan exploded like a powder keg. The reaction there was instant and tumultuous. The cricket match being played between Pakistan and the Commonwealth XI at the Dhaka stadium had to be abandoned after angry crowds attacked the playing field. Mujib announced a general strike and launched a ‘non-violent’ civil disobedience movement. He seized the civil government and issued his own orders and proclamations to run the administration.

I submitted a note to Gul Hassan suggesting an immediate remedial action, including the announcement of a fresh date for the assembly session, a broadcast to the nation by the president, and his immediate departure for Dhaka. I feared that even if Mujib himself did not favour a unilateral declaration of independence, he might not be able to resist the demands of his party men and all the public pressure that was piling up on him. Bhashani had already said Assalam Alekum to West Pakistan during the November cyclone. Ataur Rahman had demanded autonomy on the basis of the Lahore Resolution. And then there were the extremists within the Awami League- Tajuddin, Syed Nazrul Islam and Tofail. How would any political leader be able to resist all these presssures ? There was a dire need for an immediate and positive action to preserve the unity of the country.

(L) 1971 m‡bi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY t

1971 m‡bi 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cÖvq 10(`k) j¶vwaK gvby‡li m¤§~‡n Zuvnvi 20 wgwbU e¨vwc e³„Zvq evsjvi gvbyl‡K wZwb m¦vaxbZvi WvK

†`b| GB fvl‡Yi ga¨ w`qvB evsjvi m¦vqZ¡kvm‡bi `vex m¦vaxbZvi `vex‡Z cwiYZ nBj| GB e³„Zvi ga¨ w`qvB c~e© cvwK¯—vb ev cvwK¯—v‡bi c~e©vÂ‡ji BwZnv‡mi mgvwß Ges evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡mi cÖvi¤¢| evsjv‡`‡ki mvwe©K gyw³ Av‡›`vj‡bi

ïi“| 70

Rbve kvnwiqvi BKevj 1971 m‡bi gvP© gv‡m XvKvq cÖ_g †kÖYxi g¨vwR‡óªU wQ‡jb| cvwK¯—v‡bi †mbvcÖavb †Rbv‡ij Ave&`yj nvwg‡`i AwZ wbKUeZx© ¯’v‡b Dcweó _vwKqv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi Ae¯nv Ae‡jvKb I †kL gywR‡ei fvlY kÖeY Kwievi `~j©f AwfÁZv Zvnvi nBqvwQj| Zvnvi fvlvq

(e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb m¥viKMªš’Ð1, c„t 214)t

ÔÔ 1971 mv‡ji 7 B gvP© †im‡Kv‡m©i gq`v‡b e½eÜyi HwZnvwmK e³„Zv †kvbvi †mŠfvM¨ n‡qwQj| ZLb XvKvi †WcywU Kwgkbvi G.wU.Gg. kvgmyj nK Ges m`i Gm.wW.I Gg. byi“¾vgvb Avgv‡K H mfvq Dcw¯’Z _vKvi `vwqZ¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| †im‡Kv‡m©i g¨v‡bRv‡ii evmv wQj GKwU wUjvi Dci| bx‡P wQj †Nvovi Av¯—vej| GLv‡b GLb cywjk K‡›Uªvji“g| Avgiv wUjvi Dci Ae¯’vb wb‡q wQjvg| †im‡Kvm© g¨v‡bRv‡ii evmv †_‡K K‡qKwU Kv‡Vi †Pqvi Avgv‡`i emevi Rb¨ †`qv n‡jv| wW.wm., Gm. wW.I. Ges Avwg †mLv‡b emjvg| bx‡P wekvj RbZvi Xj| e½eÜy gÂ †_‡K e³„Zv †`qvi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z n‡eb| wKQy¶Y ci †`Ljvg GKwU †Lvjv Rx‡c GKRb wmwbqi Avwg© Awdmvi Avm‡jb| WªvBf KiwQ‡jb GKRb A†deªyqvwi Avwg© K¨v‡Þb| wcQ‡bi mx‡U `yBRb A¯¿avix Avwg© RIqvb| Gm.wW.I.byi“¾vgvb mv‡ne Rvbv‡jb GB e¨w³ n‡”Qb cvwK¯—v‡bi Avwg©i me©vwabvqK, †Rbv‡ij nvwg`| wZwbI G‡m em‡jb GKwU Kv‡Vi †Pqv‡i| A`~‡i Avwg©i Iqvi‡jmÐG RIqv‡biv K_v ejwQj cvÄvex fvlvq| 19 wgwb‡Ui e³„Zvq e½eÜy †mw`b †NvlYv w`‡jb, ÔÔGev‡ii msMªvg gyw³i msMªvg, Gev‡ii msMªvg m¦vaxbZvi msMªvgÕÕ| e½eÜy †mw`b Ab¨ ‡Kvb fv‡e m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv Ki‡j Dci †_‡K Gqvi †dv‡m©i wegvb ¸wjel©Y K‡i j¶ RbZv‡K wbnZ Ki‡Zv| wZwb †deªyqvwi RvwZ‡K Ggbfv‡e m¦vaxbZvi K_v †kvbv‡jb †h RbZv wVKB eySj, wKš‘ cvwK¯—vbx †Rbv‡ij mv‡ne wKQyB Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| ivR‰bwZK mfvi Long-hand notes ‡bq, Gm.we. mveÐBÝ‡c±i `yÕRb| †mB †bvU Attest Ki‡Z nq GKRb cÖ_g †kÖYxi g¨vwR‡óªªU‡K| wgwUs †kl nIqvi mv‡_ `yBRb Gm.we. mveÐBÝ‡c±i Attestation -Gi Rb¨ Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡jv| Avwg mZ¨vwqZ Kijvg| ZLb eyS‡Z cvwi bvB BwZnv‡mi Ab¨ GKwU “Magna Carta” Avwg mZ¨qb m¦v¶i Kijvg| ÕÕ

cÖK…Zc‡¶B 7B gv‡P©i fvlY Abb¨ mvaviY | c„w_exi †kÖô fvlY¸wji g‡a¨B me©‡kÖô| 71

ïay ZvnvB bq| evsjvi RbMY Zvnv‡`i †bZvi wb‡`©k A¶‡i A¶‡i cvjb

Kwi‡Z m‡Pó wQj|

7B gvP© Zvwi‡Li NUbv m¤¦‡Ü ivI digvb Avjx Zvnvi cy¯—‡K eY©bv †`b

(c„t 69Ð73) t

Avgiv hLb 7B gvP© XvKvq bvgwQjvg, gywRe ZLb cªvq mvZ jvL gvby‡li wekvj mgv‡e‡k fvlY w`w”Q‡jb| wegvbwU wbPy w`‡q D‡o hvIqvi mgq Avgiv mevB GK Rbmgy`ª †`Ljvg| Avwg †Rbv‡ij wU°vi w`‡K Ny‡i ejjvg, ÔÔXvKvq G iKgwUB N‡U _v‡K|ÕÕ Avwg eywS‡qwQjvg, cwiw¯nwZ cwðg cvwK¯— v‡bi g‡Zv mnR bq|

Avgiv gvk©vj j †nW‡KvqvU©v‡i †cŠQv‡bvi Av‡MB fvlY †kl n‡q wM‡qwQj| Zy”Q I nxb Ae¯nvq BqvKze †mLv‡b wQ‡jb| GKwU m‡g¥jb Abyôvb Kiv ZLb cª‡qvRb n‡q c‡o| KviY wU°v‡K cÖ_‡gB †iwWI KZ©„c‡¶i KvQ †_‡K GKwU AvjwU‡gUv‡gi mg¥yLxb n‡Z nq| Zviv †kL gywR‡ei †iKW©K…Z fvlY cybtcÖPv‡ii AbygwZ †P‡q Rvwb‡qwQj, AbygwZ bv †`qv n‡j Zviv eqKU Ki‡e| GKRb wKfv‡e Agb GKwU gvivZ¥K ivóªwe‡ivax welgq fvlY miKvi wbqwš¿Z †eZv‡i cÖPvi Kivi AbygwZ w`‡Z cv‡i? wKš‘ RbMY wQj gywR‡ei m‡½| wU°v mgm¨vwU †K›`ª‡K Rvbv‡jb| GBPwKD wm Gg GjGÐi fxwZ wQj, nq‡Zv GKZidv m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`qv n‡e| Zvi †P‡q Kg †h †Kv‡bv wKQy MªnY‡hvM¨ wQj| gywRe Lye PZyiZvi m‡½ GK Zidv m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`bwb| 14 wWwfk‡bi wRIwm †Rbv‡ij Lvw`g †nv‡mb ivRv gvÎ GKw`b Av‡M gywRe‡K GKwU ûgwKi evZ©v †cŠ‡Q w`‡q G‡mwQ‡jb Ges †m Kvi‡YB gywRe Zvui cwiKíbv cwieZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb| †iwWI‡K fvlY cÖPv‡ii AbygwZ †`qv n‡jv| †`qv bv n‡jI Aek¨ Zviv IUv cÖPvi KiZB| KviY 7B gvP© †_‡K miKv‡ii mKj ms¯’vB gywR‡ei wb‡`©‡k cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q| †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii AmnvqZ¡ m¤c~Y©i“‡c cwi¯‹vi n‡q c‡owQj; Z_vwc cZ‡bvY¥yyL cwiw¯nwZi Rb¨ h‡_vchy³ †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK c`‡¶c ivIqvjwcwÛ †_‡K †bqv nqwb|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ‡kL gywRe Zvui 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Y Av‡iv e¨vcK wfwË‡Z ÔAwnsm I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q hvIqvi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| RbM‡Yi g‡bvfve eyS‡Z ‡c‡i wZwb †cÖwm‡W›U AvûZ 25 gv‡P©i RvZxq cwil` Awa‡ek‡b 72

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Ask Mªn‡Yi c~e©kZ© wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi `vwe¸‡jv Dcw¯nZ K‡iwQ‡jbt

K. Awej‡¤¦ gvk©vj j cÖZ¨vnvi;

L. RbM‡Yi wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯—vš—i;

M. †mbvevwnbx‡K e¨viv‡K wdwi‡q †bqv Ges

N. †mbvevwnbxi ¸jx el©Y I gvbyl nZ¨vi NUbvmg~‡ni Z`š— Abyôvb|

G¸‡jv Qvov †kL gywRe RbMY‡K LvRbv w`‡Z wb‡la K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvui Ab¨ wb‡`©k¸‡jv‡Z ejv nqt mKj miKvwi/AvavÐmiKvwi Kg©Pvwi ÔniZvjÕ cvjb Ae¨vnZ ivL‡e, †ij I mgy`ª e›ìmg~n mvgwiK cwien‡bi Kv‡R Am¦xK…wZ Rvbv‡e, †iwWI, wUwf I msev`cÎ †Kej evsjv‡`kgyLx msev` I Abyôvbgvjv cÖPvi I cÖKvk Ki‡e; †UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb eë¯’v ïay Ôevsjv‡`kÕÐGi Af¨š—‡i KvR Ki‡e; e¨vsK¸‡jv cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b †Kv‡bv A_© cvVv‡e bv; evsMvjx BwcAviÐGi mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q cywjk AvBb k„sLjv i¶v Ki‡e Ges mKj wk¶v cÖwZôvb eÜ _vK‡e| ÔevsMvjx BwcAviÕÐGi D‡j−L Kivi ga¨ w`‡q wZwb cwðg cvwK¯—vbx Awdmvi‡ì cÖwZ Uªyc‡mi AvbyMZ¨‡K Lwe©Z Kivi cÖ‡Póv wb‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb †P‡qwQ‡jb Zviv c~e© cvwK¯—vbx Awdmvi‡ì gvb¨ Ki“K| Gi gva¨‡g wZwb evsMvjx Uªycm‡K we‡`ªvn Kivi Bw½Z w`‡qwQ‡jb| G¸‡jvi Abymi‡Y ciw`b miKvi cwiPvjbvq AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wb‡`©kvejx Rvwi Kiv n‡qwQj| ms‡¶‡c ej‡Z †M‡j ejv hvq, wZwb miKv‡ii wbqš¿Y `Lj K‡iwQ‡jb| ev¯—‡e GKwU mgvš—ivj miKvi cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj|

Pvi `dv `vwe c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖwZwU gnj †_‡K m¦Zt¯dyZ© mg_©b †c‡qwQj, cwðg cvwK¯—v‡biI wKQy ivRbxwZK Zv mg_©b K‡iwQ‡jb| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

‡cÖwm‡W›U 15 gvP© XvKvq Av‡mb| 16 ZvwiL mÜ¨vq GK mfv AbywôZ nq hv‡Z cÖvq mKj cwðg cvwK¯—vbx wmwbqi Awdmvi †hvM †`b| cwiw¯nwZ ch©v‡jvPbvi ci †cÖwm‡W›U AZ¨š— we¯§qKi I Zvrch©c~Y© gš—e¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb e‡jb, ÔÔRvwZi wcZvI `yB cvwK¯—v‡bi aviYvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb bv| †Zgb GKwU aviYvi we‡ivwaZv Kivi Avwg †K ?ÕÕ 1947 mv‡ji gymwjg msL¨vMwiô m¦vaxb e„nËi evsjvi aviYvwU Dc¯nvwcZ K‡iwQ‡jb †mvnivIqv`x©| mv¤cÖwZKv‡j Rbve fy‡ÆvI c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ `yÔRb cÖavb gš¿xi K_v ejwQ‡jb| 73

Avwg I MÖ“c K¨v‡Þb gvmy`B †Kej cwiw¯nwZi e¨vcv‡i Avgv‡`i gvivZ¥K D‡Ø‡Mi Ges wgwjUvwi A¨vKk‡bi wec‡`i K_v e¨³ K‡iwQjvg| †cÖwm‡W›U Av‡jvPbv †f‡½ hvIqvi AvksKv bvKP K‡i †`b Ges Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q g‡b n‡qwQj †h, wZwb Ggb wK Kb‡dWv‡ikb MªnY Kivi g‡ZvI D`vi g‡bvfve †`Lv‡eb| Avgiv wbwðZ wQjvg †h, c~e© cvwK¯—vb‡K AwaKZi ¶gZv w`‡q GKwU †dWv‡ik‡bi aviYvi g‡a¨ mgm¨vi mgvavb m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i|

(M) e½eÜyi †NvlYv t

‡h‡nZy †kL gywR‡ei 7B gv‡P©i fvlY †mbvevwnbx, BwcAvi, cywjk evwnbxi

†deªyqvwi m`m¨mn Avevje„×ewYZv mKj ¯—‡ii RbMY‡K m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ ïaygvÎ

Aby‡cÖiYv †hvMvq bvB ev D™¢y× K‡i bvB, eiÂ m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ mKj‡K Db¥v`bv cÖ`vb KwiqvwQj | ‡mB†nZy 7B gv‡P©i fvlYwUi c~Y© weeiY wb‡gœ cÖ`vb Kiv nBj

(`wjjcÎ t wØZxq LÛ, c„ôvt 700Ð702) t

ÔÔe½eÜyi 7 B gv‡P©i (1971) HwZnvwmK fvlY (‡Uc †iKW© †_‡K wjwce×) |

AvR `ytL fvivµvš— gb wb‡q Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b nvwRi n‡qwQ| Avcbviv mK‡j Rv‡bb Ges ‡ev‡Sb Avgiv Avgv‡ì Rxeb w`‡q †Póv K‡iwQ| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq AvR XvKv, PÆMªvg, Lyjbv, ivRkvnx, iscy‡i Avgvi fvB‡qi i‡³ ivRc_ iwÄZ n‡q‡Q| AvR evsjvi gvbyl gyw³ Pvq, evsjvi gvbyl evuP‡Z Pvq, evsjvi gvbyl AwaKvi Pvq| wK Ab¨vq K‡iwQjvg ? wbe©vP‡bi c‡i evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Avgv‡K I AvIqvgx jxM‡K †fvU †`b| Avgv‡ì b¨vkbvj G‡mgwe− em‡e, Avgiv †mLv‡b kvmbZš¿ ‰Zix Ki‡ev Ges G‡`‡ki BwZnvm‡K Avgiv M‡o Zyj‡ev| G‡`‡ki gvbyl A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ I mvs¯K…wZK gyw³ cv‡eb| wKš‘ `yt‡Li m‡½ ejwQ evsjv‡`‡ki Ki“Y BwZnvm, evsjvi gvby‡li i‡³i BwZnvmÐ GB i‡³i BwZnvm gyg~l©y gvby‡li Ki“Y AvZ©bv`ÐG‡`‡ki Ki“Y BwZnvm, G‡`‡ki gvby‡li i‡³ ivRc_ iwÄZ Kivi BwZnvm| 1952 mv‡j Avgiv i³ w`‡qwQ| 1954 mv‡j wbe©vP‡b Rq jvf K‡iI Avgiv Mw`‡Z em‡Z cvwiwb| 1958 mv‡j Avqye Luv gvk©vjÐjÕ Rvix K‡i 10 eQi Avgv‡ì †Mvjvg K‡i †i‡L‡Q| 1964 mv‡j 6Ð`dv Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq Avgv‡ì †Q‡j‡ì ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1969 mv‡ji Av‡›`vj‡b Avqye Lvui cZ‡bi c‡i Bqvwnqv G‡jb| Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡ne 74

ej‡jb †`‡k kvmbZš¿ †`‡ebÐ Avgiv †g‡b wbjvg| Zvici A‡bK BwZnvm n‡q †Mj, wbe©vPb ‡nvj| ‡cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡n‡ei m‡½ †`Lv K‡iwQ| Avwg, ïay evsjvi bq cvwK¯—v‡bi †gRwiwU cvwU©i †bZv wnmv‡e Zv‡K Aby‡iva K‡iwQjvg 15B ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L Avgv‡ì RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb w`‡Z| wZwb Avgvi K_v ivL‡jb bv, ivL‡jb fy‡Æv mv‡n‡ei K_v| wZwb ej‡jb, gvP© gv‡m cÖ_g mßv‡n mfv n‡e| Avwg ejjvg wVK Av‡Q, Avgiv G‡mgwe−‡Z em‡ev| Avwg ejjvg, G‡mgwe−i g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv KieÐ GgbwK G ch©š— ejjvg, hw` †KD b¨vh¨ K_v e‡j, Avgiv msL¨vq †ekx n‡jI GK R‡bi g‡ZI hw` Zv b¨vh¨ K_v nq, Avgiv †g‡b †be| fy‡Æv mv‡ne GLv‡b XvKvq G‡mwQ‡jb, Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jb| e‡j †M‡jb Av‡jvPbvi ìRv eÜ bq, Av‡iv Av‡jvPbv n‡e| Zvici Ab¨vb¨ †bZv‡ì m‡½ Avgiv Av‡jvPbv Kijvg Avjvc K‡i kvmbZš¿ ‰Zwi Ki‡evÐ mevB Avmyb emyb| Avgiv Avjvc K‡i kvmbZš¿ ‰Zwi Kie| wZwb ej‡jb, cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi †g¤¦i hw` Av‡m Zvn‡j KmvBLvbv n‡e G‡mgwe−| wZwb ej‡jb, †h †h hv‡e Zv‡ì †g‡i †d‡j †`qv n‡e| hw` ‡KD G‡mgwe−‡Z Av‡m †c‡kvqvi †_‡K KivPx ch©š— †Rvi K‡i eÜ Kiv n‡e| Avwg ejjvg, G‡mgwe− Pj‡e| Avi nVvr 1 ZvwiL G‡mgwe− eÜ K‡i †`qv nj| Bqvwnqv Lvb ‡cÖwm‡W›U wnmv‡e G‡mgwe− †W‡KwQ‡jb| Avwg ejjvg, Avwg hv‡ev| f~‡Æv ej‡jb, hv‡eb bv| 35 Rb m`m¨ cwðg cvwK¯—vb †_‡K GLv‡b G‡jb| Zvici nVvr eÜ K‡i †Ìqv †nvj, †`vl †Ìqv n‡jv evsjvi gvby‡li, †`vl †Ìqv n‡jv Avgv‡K| †`‡ki gvbyl cÖwZev` gyLi n‡q DVj| Avwg ejjvg, Avcbviv kvwš—c~Y©fv‡e niZvj cvjb Ki“b| Avwg ejjvg, Avcbviv KjKviLvbv me wKQy eÜ K‡i †`b| RbMY mvov w`j| Avcb B”Qvq RbMY iv¯—vq †ewi‡q co‡jv, msMªvg Pvwj‡q hvevi Rb¨ cÖwZÁve× †nvj| Avwg ejjvg, Avgiv Rvgv ‡Kbvi cqmv w`‡q A¯¿ †c‡qwQ ewntkµyi AvµgY †_‡K †`k‡K i¶v Kievi Rb¨, AvR †mB A¯¿ Avgvi †`‡ki MixeÐ`ytLx gvby‡li wei“‡× ÐÐÐÐZvi ey‡Ki Dci n‡”Q ¸wj| Avgiv cvwK¯—v‡b msL¨v¸i“Ð Avgiv †deªyqvwi iv hLbB ¶gZvq hvevi †Póv K‡iwQ ZLbB Zviv Avgv‡ì Dci Svwc‡q c‡o‡Q| Avwg e‡jwQjvg, †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡ne, Avcwb cvwK¯—v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U, †`‡L hvb wKfv‡e Avgvi Mix‡ei Dci, Avgvi evsjvi gvby‡li ey‡Ki Dci ¸wj Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKfv‡e Avgvi gv‡qi †Kvj Lvwj Kiv n‡q‡Q, wK K‡i gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avcwb Avmyb, Avcwb †`Lyb| wZwb ej‡jb Avwg 10 Zvwi‡L ivDÛ ‡Uwej Kbdv‡iÝ WvK‡ev| 75

Avwg e‡jwQ , wK‡mi G‡mgwe− em‡e; Kvi m‡½ K_v ej‡ev? Avcbviv Avgvi gvby‡li ey‡Ki i³ wb‡q‡Qb, Zv‡ì m‡½ K_v eje ? cvuP N›Uvi †Mvcb ‰eV‡K mg¯— †`vl Zviv Avgv‡ì Dci, evsjvi gvby‡li Dci w`‡q‡Qb|`vqx Avgiv! 25 ZvwiL G‡mgwe− †W‡K‡Q| i‡³i `vM ïKvq bvB| 10 Zvwi‡L e‡jwQ, i‡³ cvov w`‡q, knx‡ì Dci cvov w`‡q G‡mgwe− †Lvjv Pj‡e bv| mvgwiK AvBb gvk©vjÐ jÕ withdraw Ki‡Z n‡e| mg¯— mvgwiK evwnbxi †jvK‡ì e¨viv‡Ki wfZi XyK‡Z n‡e| †h fvB‡ì nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Z`š— Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwai Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici we‡ePbv K‡i †`L‡ev Avgiv G‡mgwe−‡Z em‡Z cvi‡ev wK cvi‡ev bv| Gi c~‡e© G‡mgwe−‡Z Avgiv em‡Z cvwi bv| Avwg cÖavbgš¿xZ¡ PvB bv| †`‡ki gvby‡li AwaKvi PvB| Avwg cwi¯‹vi A¶‡i e‡j wèvi PvB †h, AvR †_‡K GB evsjv‡`‡k †KvU© Ð KvPvwi, Av`vjZÐ†dŠR`vix, wk¶v cÖwZôvb Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ eÜ _vK‡e| Mix‡ei hv‡Z Kó bv nq, hv‡Z Avgvi gvbyl Kó bv K‡i †mRb¨ †hmg¯— Ab¨vb¨ wRwbl¸wj Av‡Q, †m¸wji niZvj Kvj †_‡K Pj‡e bv| wi·v, Mi“iMvox, †ij Pj‡eÐ ïay †m‡µUvwi‡qU, mycÖxg‡KvU©, nvB‡KvU©, RR‡KvU©, †mwg MfY©‡g›U `ßi, Iqvc`v †KvbwKQy Pj‡e bv| 28 Zvwi‡L Kg©Pvixiv wM‡q †eZb wb‡q Avm‡eb| Gici hw` †eZb ‡Ìqv bv nq, Gi ci hw` 1 wU ¸wj P‡j, Gici hw` Avgvi †jvK‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq Ð†Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Aby‡iva iBj, cÖ‡Z¨K N‡i N‡i `~M© M‡o †Zvj| †Zvgv‡ì hv wKQy Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q kµi †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e, Ges Rxe‡bi Z‡i iv¯—vNvU hv hv Av‡Q mewKQyÐ Avwg hw` ûKzg wèvi bvI cvwi, †Zvgiv eÜ K‡i ‡`‡e| Avgiv fv‡Z gvi‡ev, Avgiv cvwb‡Z gvi‡ev| ‰mbïv, †Zvgiv Avgvi fvB, †Zvgiv e¨viv‡K _v‡Kv, †Zvgv‡ì †KD wKQy ej‡e bv| wKš‘ Avi †Zvgiv ¸wj Kievi †Póv K‡iv bv| mvZ †KvwU gvbyl‡K `vev‡q ivL‡Z cviev bv| Avgiv hLb gi‡Z wk‡LwQ ZLb †KD Avgv‡ì `vev‡q ivL‡Z cviev bv| Avi †h mg¯— †jvK knx` n‡q‡Q, AvNvZcÖvß n‡q‡Q Avgiv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †_‡K hÏyi cvwi mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev| hviv cv‡ib AvIqvgx jxM Awd‡m mvgvb¨ UvKv cqmv †cŠu‡Q †`‡eb| Avi 7 w`b niZv‡j kÖwgK fvB‡qiv †hvM`vb K‡i‡Q, Ð cÖ‡Z¨K wk‡íi gvwjK Zv‡ì †eZb †cuŠ‡Q †`‡eb| miKvix Kg©Pvix‡ì ewj, Avwg hv ewj Zv gvb‡Z n‡e| †h ch©š— Avgvi GB †`‡ki gyw³ bv n‡”Q, ZZw`b Iqvc`v U¨v· eÜ K‡i †Ìqv n‡jvÐ †KD †`‡e bv| ïbyb, g‡b ivLyb, kµy wcQ‡b Xy‡K‡Q, wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ AvZ¥Kjn m„wó Ki‡e, jyUZivR Ki‡e| GB evsjvq Ð wn›`yÐgymjgvb hviv Av‡Q Avgv‡ì fvB, †deªyqvwi , A†deªyqvwi ÐÐÐÐ Zv‡ì i¶v Kivi `vwqZ¡ 76

Avgv‡ì Dci, Avgv‡ì †hb e`bvg bv nq| g‡b ivL‡eb, Kg©Pvixiv, †iwWI hw` Avgv‡ì K_v bv †kv‡b Zvn‡j †Kvb †deªyqvwi †iwWI †ók‡b hv‡e bv| hw` †Uwjwfkb Avgv‡ì wbDR bv †`q, Zvn‡j †Uwjwfk‡b hv‡eb bv| 2 N›Uv e¨v¼ †Lvjv _vK‡e, hv‡Z gvbyl Zv‡ì gvB‡bcÎ wb‡Z cvi‡e| c~e© evsjv †_‡K cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b GK cqmvI Pvjvb n‡Z cvi‡e bv| †Uwj‡dvb, †UwjMªvg Avgv‡ì GB c~e© evsjvq Pj‡e Ges evsjv‡`‡ki wbDR evB‡i cvVv‡bv Pj‡e| GB †`‡ki gvbyl‡K LZg Kivi †Póv Pj‡QÐÐÐÐ †deªyqvwi iv ey‡Smy‡S KvR Ki‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨K Mªv‡g, cÖ‡Z¨K gnj−vq AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ„‡Z¡ msMªvg cÖwZôvb M‡o Zyjyb| Ges Avgv‡ì hv wKQy Av‡Q, ZvB wb‡q cÖ¯y—Z _vKzb| i³ hLb w`‡qwQ, Av‡ivI i³ †`‡ev| GB †`‡ki gvbyl‡K gy³ K‡i Zyj‡ev Bb&kvAvj−vn| Gev‡ii msMªvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMªvg, Gev‡ii msMªvg m¦vaxbZvi msMªvg| Rq evsjv \

ÔDËvjÐDÏvg RjwaZi½Õ wk‡ivbv‡g ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvq GKwU msev` cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ nq t (óvd wi‡cvU©vi)

7B gvP© GKwU Awem¥œiYxq w`b| Abb¨mvaviY GB w`‡bi HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`vb| Awem¥œiYxq GB Abb¨w`‡bi †im‡Kv‡m© evsjvi m¦vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi gnvbvqK †kL gywReyi ingvb Ges Zuvi wb‡`©kKvgx m¦vwaKvi ‰mwbK‡`i msMªvgx m‡¤§jb| ÔmsMªvgx evsjv `yR©q `yex©wbZ| KvnviI Ab¨vq cÖfyZ¡ gvwbqv †bIqvi Rb¨, KvnviI K‡jvbx nBqv, evRvi nBqv _vKvi Rb¨ evsjvi gvby‡li Rb¥ nq bvBÕÐ e½eÜyi GB †ZR`„ß †NvlYviB c~bive„wË Kwiqv evsjvi Aciv‡Rq MYkw³ MZKvj(iweevi) †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b mvwe©K gyw³ Av`v‡qi B¯úvZÐKwVb kc‡_i `xwß‡Z wcÖq †bZv‡K †hb `yj©sN¨ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i Ôe½eÜy AvMvBqv P‡jv Avgiv AvwQ wcQ‡b|Õ Avi HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Avengvb evsjvi evmš—x m~h© Avi D`vi AvKvk‡K mv¶x ivwLqv MZKvj wbf©xK ‡bZv Ges exi RbZvi KÚm¦i GKB my‡i aŸwbZ nBqv I‡V hyMÐhyMvš—i, †`kÐ‡`kvš—‡ii mKj gyw³Ðwccvmy mf¨ RvwZi ü`qevmbvi A‡gvN gš¿ ÔGev‡ii msMªvg gyw³i msMªvg|Õ aŸwb I‡V j¶ j¶ K‡Ú w`Mš— ÔKuvcvBqv ÔRq evsjvÕ 7B gvP© ZvB evsjvi mvwe©K m¦vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi `yM©g `y¯—i c‡_i cÖv‡š— GKwU AZyjbxq m¥„wZdjK| MZKvj (iweevi ) †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b m¦vwaKviKvgx evOvjxi Xj bvwgqvwQj| AvKv‡ii wekvjZv, Awfbe‡Z¡i Abb¨ gwngv, Avi 77

msMªvgx †PZbvi AZyj ‰ef‡e GB Rbmgy`Ö wQj bwRiwenxb| Avi †mB wekvj Rbmgy‡`ªi Av‡iKwU j¶bxq w`K wQj nv‡Z euv‡ki jvwVÐ K‡Ú cÖjq ivwÎi we‡`Övnx e‡½vcmvM‡ii mNb MR©b| kZvãxi BwZnv‡mi e‡¶ wejxb m¦vaxbZv msMªvgx ZxZygx‡ii euv‡ki †Kj−v †`wL bvB wKš‘ MZKvj †im‡Kv‡m© evsjvi m¦vwaKviKvgx RbZvi nv‡Z †`wLqvwQ euv‡ki jvwV| Avi †mB jvwVi mg‡ek kãÐMR©b †hb Kvgv‡bi MR©‡biB Reve nBqv MZKvj XvKvi AvKv‡kÐevZv‡m fvwmqv †eovBqv‡Q eû¶Y| G‡Ki jvwV A‡bï jvwV‡Z †VvKvVywK Kwiqv Avi †mB m‡½ e‡Rªi wbKU nB‡Z aŸwb Kvwoqv †k−vMvb w`qv evsjvi gvbyl †hb G‡K Aci‡K j¶¨ Kwiqv ewj‡Z Pvwnqv‡Q, ÔeÜy †Zvgvi Qv‡ov D‡ØM myZx² K‡iv wPË evsjvi gvwU `yR©q LvwU wP‡b hvK `ye©„Ë|Õ MZKvj †im‡Kv‡m© j¶ j¶ †jv‡Ki mgv‡ek NwUqvwQj mvwe©K m¦vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi cieZx© Kg©m~Px m¤ú‡K© e½eÜyi c_ wb‡`©k jv‡fi Rb¨| AvwmqvwQj cyibvix, AkxwZci e„×Ðe„×v, KwPÐwK‡kvi, Zi“Y hyeK, cwiYZ kÖwgKÐRbZv| Zv‡ì †Pv‡LÐgy‡L wQj cÖwZ‡iv‡ai AwMœwkLv, ey‡K ey‡K gyw³, wccvmvi Rjš— wPZv| wKš‘ Zey Zviv kvš— wQj, mshZ wQjÐwQj e½eÜyi gš¿gy» †kÖvZv|wbixn| A_P †mB RbZvB Avevi msMªvgx kc_ †Nvlbvq D”PwKZ nBqv DwVqv‡Q gnv cÖj‡qi DËvj Rjwai gZ| ZvB‡Zv, Avðh© GB †`k, Avðh© ev½vjxi gb I gvbm| ‡ejv `yBUvq †kL gywR‡ei mfv ïi“ nIqvi K_v _vwK‡jI wZwb g‡Â Av‡mb †ejv 3Uv 15 wgwb‡U | wKš‘ Zey RbZvi g‡a¨ A‰eaÐAmwnòyZvi †Kvb j¶Y †`Lv hvq bvB| wbw`©ó mg‡qi eû Av‡MB bvixÐcyi“l wbwe©‡k‡l RbZvi †mªvZ Avwmqv DcPvBqv cwo†Z _v‡K Ges †im‡Kv‡m©i DcjL‡Û| Avi Zv Rb‡mªv‡Z mqjve nBqv hvq AwP‡iB| eqm, †ckv, mvgvwRK gh©v`v, †cvkvK cwi‡”Q‡` hZB Awgj _vKzK, †m RbZvi g‡a¨ Avðh© wQj nv‡Zi euv‡ki, jvwV, K‡Úi †k−vMvb Avi Aš—‡ii Aš—iZg j‡¶¨ m¦vwaKv‡ii j‡¶¨| ‡ejv wVK †mvqv wZbUvq mv`v cvRvgvÐcÄvexi ci (nvZvKvUv †KvU) gywRe †KvU© cwiwnZ e½eÜy g‡Â Avwmqv ùvovB‡j evsjvi exi RbZv eRª wb‡Nv©‡l KiZvwj I †k−vMv‡bi g‡a¨ Zv‡K Awfb›`b Rvbvq| †bZv g„`y n¯— Av‡›`vj‡bi Øviv RbZv‡K Awfb›`b Rvbvq| Zuvi †PvL gy‡L ZLb 7 †KvwU gyw³Ð ‰mwb‡Ki my‡hvM¨ wmcvnmvjv‡ii `yj©f †ZR`„ß KvwVb¨ Avi msMªvgx kc‡_i `xwß†Ljv Kwi‡Z _v‡K| ‡im‡Kvm© evsjvi gvbyl‡K cÖv‡Yi Uv‡b Wv‡K| †m Wv‡K mvov w`qv 1969Ði †deªyqvix‡Z †im‡Kv‡m© evsjvi gvbyl ïwbqv‡Q GK 78

BDwbU Avi c¨vwiwUi g„Zy¨N›Uv, 1970 mv‡ji 7B Ryb ïwbqv‡Q 6Ð `dvi Rqbv`, Avi 1971 mv‡ji 3iv Rvbyqvix ïwbqv‡Q 6Ð`dv 11Ð`dv ev¯—evq‡bi Ø¨_©nxb kc_| Avi MZKvjI †im‡Kvm© gq`vb evsjvi gvbyl‡K wbivk K‡i bvB| MZKvj †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b `uvovBqv †kL gywRe evsjvi gvbyl‡K WvwKqv ewjqv‡Qb t fvB‡qiv Avgvi, mev©Z¥K msMªv‡g kwiK nI| 7 †KvwU †kvwlZ evOvjxi we¶yä AvZ¥vi AvZ©bv`‡K wb‡Ri K‡Ú Zywjqv wbqv †kL mv‡ne †NvlYv Kwiqv‡Qb, ÔGev‡ii msMªvg gyw³i msMªvg| Avwg i³ w`‡Z cÖ¯—yZÕÐ GB K_vwUi Øviv wZwb Zuvi 20wgwbU e¨vcx e³„Zv mgvß K‡ib| †kL gywRe hLb m¦RvwZi msMªv‡gi i“c‡iLv Zvi wb‡Ri PigZg Z¨v‡Mi cÖ¯—ywZ evYx †Nvlbv Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb ZLb Zvui KÚ Kuv‡c bvB, _v‡g bvBÐeis GK `yj©f kw³i †Rv‡i e‡Rªi û¼v‡ii gZB MwRqv DwVqv‡Q †mB gyû‡Z© em‡š—i AvKvk nB‡Z we`vqx m~‡h©i Av‡jvKivwk QovBqv cwo‡ZwQj igbvi cÖvš—‡i †bZv Avi RbZvi wki‡`‡kÐ‡hb weavZvi Avkxe©v`| †mB `yj©f ¶YwU‡Z 7†KvwU ewÂZ gvby‡li Awemsevw` †bZvi †mB msMªvgx iƒcÐAciƒc Avwg †`wLwb KL‡bv Av‡M| mfv †k‡l me©vZ¥K gyw³msMªv‡gi †h †Kvb Z¨vM m¦xKv‡ii msMªvgx kc_ `xß †k−vMv‡biÐ†iYy †iYy Kwiqv evZ‡m QovBqv w`qv m¦vwaKviÐ‰mwbKiv N‡i ‡d‡i `„ß wgwQ‡ji c`PviYvq ivRc_ cÖKw¤úZ Kwiqv| 7B gv‡P©i †im‡Kv‡m©i mgv‡ek †hLv‡b †klÐ evsjvi mvwe©K gyw³ÐAv‡›`vj‡bi Pig Aa¨v‡qi †mLv‡bB ïi“| ZvB‡Zv 7B gvP© Abb¨ÐAwem¥iYxq|

GB ¶‡Yi K_v KíYv wPš—v KwiqvB nqZ Kwe myKvš— fÆvPvh© eû ermi c~‡e© evsjv‡`‡ki fwel¨r evYx KwiqvwQ‡jb t

`yg©i

ÐmyKvš— fÆvPvh© wngvjq †_‡K my›`ieb, nVvr evsjv‡`k ‡Ku‡c †Ku‡c I‡V cÙvi D”Qv‡m, ‡m †Kvjvn‡ji i“×m¦‡ii Avwg cvB D‡Ïk| R‡j I gvwU‡Z fvO‡bi †eM Av‡m| ...... GKevi g‡i f~‡j †M‡Q AvR g„Zy¨i fq Zviv| mvevm, evsjv‡`k, G c„w_ex 79

AevK ZvwK‡q iq; R¡‡jÐcy‡oÐg‡i QviLvi Zey gv_v †bvqvevi bq| ......

9B gv‡P© ÔGLbI mgq Av‡QÕ wk‡ivbv‡g B‡ËdvK cwÎKvq GKwU m¤úv`Kxq cÖKvwkZ nq t

ÔÔMZ ciï XvKv †im‡Kv‡m©i HwZnvwmK mgv‡e‡k e½eÜy †kL gywRe †`kevmx‡K Zuvnvi eû cÖZ¨vwkZ c_wb‡`©k `vb Kwiqv‡Qb| †im‡Kv‡m©i fvlY QvovI msev`c‡Î cÖ`Ë GKwU `xN© wee„wZ‡Z wZwb ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ Avbyc~we©K eY©bv I e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb, †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui 6B gv‡P©i †eZvi e³„Zvi KwZcq AmsMZ gš—e¨ I AmsjMœ Dw³i Reve`vb Ges †`kevmxi D‡Ï‡k¨ `k`dv Ôc_wb‡`©kÕ `vb Kwiqv‡Qb| †mB m‡½ wZwb ‡cÖwm‡W›U KZ„©K AvûZ RvZxq cwil‡ì 25‡k gv‡P©i Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`v‡bi KwZcq kZ©I †Nvlbv Kwiqv‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ mvgwiK kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi I †jvKvqË miKvi cÖwZôv, ‰mbëvwnbx‡K QvDwb‡Z cÖZ¨vnvi I Awej‡¤¦ †Mvjv¸wj e‡Üi `vex cÖavb| †kL mv‡ne kvmK‡ì D‡Ï‡k ewjqv‡Qb, †`kUv‡K Avcbviv G‡Kev‡i aŸsm Kwiqv w`‡eb bv, Ggb Ae¯’vi m„wó Kwi‡eb bvÐ hvnv‡Z Avgv‡ì ci¯ú‡ii gyL †`Lv ‡`wLI eÜ nBqv hvq, GLbI åvZ„er emevm Kwievi my‡hvM iwnqv‡Q, †mB my‡hvMUyKzI Avcbviv wPiZ‡i webó Kwi‡eb bv Ges kw³i Øviv kvmb `xN©Zi Kwievi †Póv Kwi‡eb bv| ‡kL mv‡n‡ei GB mZK©evYx m‡e©v”P †`k‡cÖg mÄvZ| Rvbv hvB‡Z‡Q †h, cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi mvaviY gvby‡li g‡aÏ GB wRÁvmv µ‡gB cÖej I e¨vcK nBqv DwV‡Z‡Q †h, eû i‡³i wewbg‡q AwR©Z GB †`kwU†K ivR‰bwZK nVKvwiZv I lohš¿ Ø¦viv Ges wbi¯¿ gvby‡li wei“‡× †Mvjv¸wj I `gbbxwZ PvjvBqv wew”Qbœ Kwievi AwaKvi‡K Kvnv‡K w`qv‡Q| †mLvb nB‡ZI AvR cÖej `vex DwV‡Z‡Q, c~e©vÂ‡j GB Lyb Lvivwe eÜ Ki| nDK, mvgwiK kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi I †kL mv‡n‡ei wbKU ¶gZv n¯—vš—i Kiv nDK| Gqvi gvk©vj byi Lvb 6B gvP© jv‡nv‡i QvÎÐkÖwgK eyw×RxexÐivR‰bwZK Kg©x‡ì GK weivU mgv‡e‡k mejK‡Ú GB `vex DÌvcb Kwiqv‡Qb| Gqvi gvk©vj AvRMi LvbI Zuvnvi mv¤cÖwZK wewfbœ wee„wZ‡Z Abyiƒc AwfgZB e¨³ Kwiqv‡Qb| MZ ciïi ‡cÖm Kbdv‡i‡ÝI wZwb ewjqv‡Qb, mvgwiK kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi I msL¨vMwiô `‡ji wbKU ¶gZv n¯—vš— iB GB gyû‡Z©i me©cÖavb KZ©e¨| wZwb ewjqv‡Qb †h, †kL mv‡ne †h kZ© Av‡ivc Kwiqv‡Qb, Zvnv me©vs‡k b¨vh¨ I hyw³m½Z; e¯—yZ †h Ae¯’vi m„wó 80

Kiv nBqv‡Q Zvnv‡Z Bnvi K‡g wZwb Avi wK Kwi‡Z cv‡ib ? AmMi Lvb AviI ewjqv‡Qb t kvmbZš¿ iwPZ nq bvB ewjqvB mvgwiK kvmb PvjvBqv hvBevi †Kvb hyw³ bvB| †`ki¶vB Avwg©i g~L¨ `vwqZ¡; Dnvi AwZwi³ `vwqZ¡, GgbwK ÔmsMwZi¶viÕ `vwqZ¡ Ac©YI Dnv‡ì Dci gvÎvwi³ †evSv Pvcv‡bviB mgZyj¨| Kv‡RB Avwg©‡K Kvjwej¤¦ bv Kwiqv Zvnv‡ì wkwe‡i wdivBqv †bIqv I mvgwiK kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv KZ©e¨| Gme `vex I hyw³i mvieËv Abm¦xKvh©| e¯—yZt AZx‡Z eû‡¶‡Î eûevi Ges MZ K‡qK w`‡bi NUbvejx‡ZI m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e cÖgvwbZ nBqv‡Q †h, ey‡jU Øviv, †eq‡bU Øviv, wbôyi kw³ cÖ‡qvM Øviv I wbh©vZb Øviv m¦vwaKviKvgx RbZv‡K `gb Kiv hvq bv| Dnv‡Z mgm¨v, RwUjZv I eëavb e„w×B cvq, nªvm cvq bv| mswk−ó gnj hw` GZwKQyi ciI Bnv bv eywSqv _v‡Kb, Z‡e Avi K‡e eywS‡eb ? mkmª evwnbx‡K wkwe‡i wdivBqv †bIqv Ges ÔAvwg© i“jÕ Avi `xN©Zi bv Kivi wel‡q AemicÖvß GqviÐgvk©vjØq †h Dch©ycwi `vex RvbvBqv‡Qb, Zvnvi cwjwUK¨vj A_© QvovI m¤¢eZt AwZwi³ wKQy A_© iwnqv‡Q| mk¯¿ª evwnbxi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© kvLvi GB cÖv³b AwabvqKØq DËgiƒ‡cB Rv‡bb †h, Avwg©i †UªwbsUvB GKUv we‡kl Kv‡Ri I we‡kl ai‡Yi| cÖkvmb I ivóª cwiPvjb Kv‡h© Zvnv‡ì AwaKKvj RwoZ ivLv bvbvw`K nB‡ZB A`~i`wk©Zvg~jK| we‡klZt eZ©gvb Nbvqgvb Avš—Rv©wZK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Dnv †Kvbµ‡gB evÃbxq b‡n| †mBRb¨B wegvb evwnbxi cÖv³b cÖavbØq GKUvbvfv‡e GB welqwUi Dc‡i cybt cybt AvNvZ Kwi‡Z‡Qb †h, kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ A‡c¶v bv Kwiqv gvk©vj Õj cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nDK Ges †gRwiwU `‡ji n‡¯— ¶gZvc©Y Kiv nDK| wØZxq `dv mvgwiK kvmb Rvwii `yB eQi c~Y© nBj| Bnv Aek¨B `xN© mgq| GLb hLb RbM‡Yi A‡_© µxZ A¯¿ª I ey‡jU MYZvwš¿K AwaKviKvgx wbimª RbM‡Yi e¶B we`xY© Kwi‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwiqv‡Q, ZLb KZ„©c‡¶iI axi gw¯—‡¯‹ eySv DwPZ †h, kvwš—c~Y© c‡_ kvwš— I m¦w¯— cybt cÖwZôv Kwievi whwb kw³ iv‡Lb Ges AvmMi Lv‡bi fvlvq GB ÔÔfqvbK cwiw¯’wZiÕÕ Aemvb NUvBevi whwb ¶gZv iv‡Lb, †mB me©Rbgvb¨ bvqK e½eÜyi n‡¯—B GB gyû‡Z© ¶gZv n¯— vš—i Kiv Aek¨ KZ©e¨| mKj mgm¨vi Avï ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi BnvB GKgvÎ Dcvq| `yBwU AÂ‡ji gvby‡li åvZ„er emevm KwieviI BnvB m¤¢eZt me©‡kl my‡hvM MZ AvUw`‡bi NUbvejx `„‡ó KZ„©c‡¶i BnvI Dcjwä Kwi‡Z bv cvivi †Kvb KviY bvB †h, Ô¶gZvÕ ewj‡Z cÖK…Z cÖ¯—v‡e hvnv eySvq, Zvnvi K‡›Uªvj GLb Kvnvi n‡¯—| AvbyôvwbK ¶gZv n¯—vš—i bv nBqv _vwK‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ evKx meB nBqv wMqv‡Q| RbMY Zvnv‡ì mve©‡fŠgZ¡ Zvnv‡ìB wbe©vwPZ bvqK I cÖwZwbwai gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvM Kwi‡Z 81

Avi¤¢ Kwiqv‡Q| Bnvi MwZc‡_ evwji evua m„wó bvÐKwiqv GB ÔÔ‡dBU q¨vKg&wc−ÕÕ ev msNwUZ ev¯—e mZ¨‡K wbwe©ev‡` Awej‡¤¦ m¦xKvi Kwiqv jIqvB wK weÁ R‡bvwPZ I `yi`wk©Zvg~jK bq ? ¶gZv fvj wRwbm, wKš‘ ¶gZvi `¤¢ I AnwgKv A‡bK mgq wech©‡qi KviY nBqv ùvovq | Kv‡RB ¶gZvi `¤¢ I Dnvi Aceënv‡ii wei“‡× mswk−ó mK‡jiB mshZ I mZK© _vKv KZ©e¨| RbZvB mKj ¶gZvi AwaKvix gnvgwngvwb¦Z g¨v‡Rwóª| kvmK‡Mvôx ev †h †Kn †mB cÖZvcvwb¦Z Aaxk¦‡ii m¤§y‡L bZRvby| AZGe, w`bÐ`yBÐPvwi ZocvBqv jvf wK ? AvmMi Lvb Zuvnvi MZ ciïi †cÖm Kbdv‡i‡Ý Avi GKUv AwZ Zvrch©c~Y© K_v ewjqv‡Qb| wZwb ewjqv‡Qb, †kL mv‡ne †`kUv‡K GKÎB ivwL‡Z Pvb, wKš‘ ivR‰bwZK lohš¿ Zvunv‡K µ‡gB KwVbZi cwiw¯’wZ gy‡L †Vwjqv w`‡Z‡Q|| AvmMi Lvb †h†Kvb w`‡K Bw½Z Kwiqv‡Qb, Zvnv e¨vL¨v Kwiqv ejvi cÖ‡qvRb K‡i bv| e¯—yZtc‡¶, †`k‡K GKÎ ivLvÐbvÐivLvi `vwqZ¡ GLb g~L¨Zt wbf©i Kwi‡Z‡Q KZ„©c‡¶i cieZx© c`PviYvi Dci, Avi wbf©i Kwi‡Z‡Q, ÔmsnwZÕi GZw`‡bi Ô‡mvjÐG‡R›U‡ì loh‡š¿i Rvjeybv cwiZ¨vM Kivi Dci| MYZvwš¿K m¦vwaKviÐmsMªvg †hLv‡b mvgwMªK I me©vZ¥K iƒc cwiMªn Kwiqv‡Q, cÖwZwU M„n ‡hLv‡b `y‡M© cwibZ nBqv‡Q, †mLv‡b RbM‡Yi fv‡qv‡j‡Ýi cÖ‡qvRb K‡i bv| RbMY †mc_ awi‡eI bv| eis †kL gywR‡ei wb‡`©‡k RbMY mshg I k„•Ljvi c‡_B Pwj‡e| wKš‘ Av¸b jBqv hvnviv †Lwj‡Z Avb›` cvq, Zvnv‡ì KvnviI nVKvwiZvq Avevi hw` †Kv_vI Av¸b jv‡M, Dnvi `vwqZ¡ me©vs‡k Zvnv‡ìB enb Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges Dnvi Aek¨¤¢vex cwiYv‡gi RbÏ Zvnv‡ì cÖ¯—yZ _vwK‡Z nB‡e|

gI`y` Avng` Zvnvi ‘Bangladesh: Constitutional Quest For

AutonomyÕ(1979) Mª‡š’ Dc‡iv³ 7B gv‡P©i fvlY m¤¦‡Ü wb‡æv³ gš—e¨ K‡ib

(c„t 229Ð230) t

“ Later in the evening of the same day I met him at his house. When I entered into his room he told me ‘I have done my duty, now you do yours’. He meant, he had given the call for independence also and there was nothing more he could do. He looked very exhausted and seriously apprehended that he would be arrested and finished on that day. Depsite all the contradictions, Mujib’s speech on March 7, gained historical importance. When the Bengalis finally entered the armed struggle to liberate their country 82

from the Pakistan Army his speech of March 7 inspired millions of youths to fight the war.”

cÖZxqgvb nq †h, 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb Ôm¦vaxbZvi

WvKÕ w`qvwQ‡jb Ges 26†k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i wZwb Ôm¦vaxbZvi †NvlYvÕ cÖ`vb

KwiqvwQ‡jb|

1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡Li AvZ¥mgc©Y Abyôvb t

1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i fviZxq mgq weKvj cvuP NwUKvq fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x cvj©v‡g‡›U Zygyj KiZvjxi g‡a¨ wbgœwjwLZ †NvlYv cÖ`vb K‡ib

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II UPL c„t 550)t

STATEMENT BY PRIME MINISTER INDIRA GANDHI IN

PARLIAMENT ON PAKISTAN ARMY’S SURRENDER IN BANGLA DESH

December 16, 1971.

I have an announcement to make. The West Pakistan forces unconditionally surrendered in Bangla Desh. The instrument of surrender was signed in Dacca at 1631 hours I.S.T. today by Lt.- Gen. A.A.K. Niazi on behalf of the Pakistan Eastern Command. Lt.- Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora, GOC-in-C of the Indian and Bangla Desh forces in the Eastern Theatre, accepted the surrender. Dacca is now the free capital of a free country. This House and the entire nation rejoice in this historic event. We hail the people of Bangla Desh in their hour of triumph. We hail the brave young men and boys of the Mukti Bahini for their valour and dedication. We are proud of our own Army, Navy, Air Force and the Border Security Force, who have so maginificently demonstrated their quality and capacity. Their discipline and devotion to duty are well known. India will remember with gratitude the sacrifices of those who have laid down their lives, and our thoughts are with thier familities. Our Armed Forces are under strict orders to treat Pakistani priononers of war in accordance with the Geneva Convention and to 83

deal with all sections of the population of Bangla Desh in a humane manner. The Commanders of the Mukti Bahini have issued similar orders to their forces. Although the Government of Bangla Desh have not yet been given an opportunity to sign the Geneva Convention, they also have declared that they will fully abide by it. It will be the responsibilty of the Government of Bangla Desh, the Mukti Bahini and the Indian armed forces to prevent any reprisals. Our objectives were limited-to assist the gallant poeple of Bangla Desh and their Mukti Bahini to liberate their country from a reign of terror and to resist aggression on our own land. Indian armed forces will not remain in Bangla Desh any longer than is necessary. The millions who were driven out of their homes across our borders have already begun trekking back. The rehabillitation of this war-torn land calls for dedicated team work by its Government and people. We hope and trust that the Father of this new nation, Sheik Mujibur Rahman, will take his rightful place among his own people and lead Bangla Desh to peace, progress and prosperity. The time has come when they can together look forward to a meaningful future in their Sonar Bangla. They have our good wishes. The triump is not theirs alone. All nations who value the human spirit will recognise it as a significant milestone in man’s quest for liberty.”

16B wW‡m¤¦i Gi GKwU †gvUvgywU Pv¶ym weeiY cvIqv hvq Siddiq Salik wjwLZ Witness to Surrender cy¯Z‡K (c„ t 210Ð211) t

“Major-General Nagra of 101 Communication Zone, who was folowing the advance commando troops, held back on the far side of the bridge and wrote a chit for Lieutenant-General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi. It said: ‘Dear Abdullah, I am at Mirpur Bridge. Send your representative.’ Major-General Jamshed, Major-General Farman and Rear- Admiral Shariff were with General Niazi when he received the note at about 9 a.m. Farman, who still stuck to the message for ‘cease- fire negotiations,’ said ‘Is he (Nagra) the negotiating team?’ General 84

Niazi did not comment. The obvious question was whether he was to be received or resisted. He was already on the threshold of Dacca. Major-General Farman asked General Niazi, ‘Have you any reserves ?’ Niazi again said nothing. Rear-Admiral Shariff, translating it in Punjabi, said: ‘Kuj Palley hai’? (Have you anything in the kitty?) Niazi looked to Jamshed, the defender of Dacca, who shook his head sideways to signify ‘nothing.’ ‘If that is the case, then go and do what he (Nagra) asks,’ Farman and Shariff said almost simultaneously. General Niazi sent Major-General Jamshed to receive Nagra. He asked our troops at Mirpur Bridge to respect the cease-fire and allow Nagra a peaceful passage. The Indian General entered Dacca with a handful of soldiers and a lot of pride. That was the virtual fall of Dacca. It fell quietly like a heart patient. Neither were its limbs chopped nor its body hacked. It just ceased to exist as an independent city. Stories about the fall of Singapore, Paris or Berlin were not repeated here. Meanwhile, Tactical Headquarters of Eastern Command was wound up. All operational maps were removed. The main headquarters were dusted to receive the Indians because, as Brigadier Baqar said, ‘It is better furnished.’ The adjoining oficers’ mess was warned in advance to prepare additional food for the ‘guests’. Baqar was very good at administration.

Slightly after midday, Barigadier Baqar went to the airport to receive his Indian counterpart, Major-General Jacob. Meanwhile Niazi entertained Nagra with his jokes. I apologize for not recording them here but none of them in printable ! Major-General Jacob brought the ‘surrender deed’ which General Niazi and his Chief of Staff preferred to call the ‘draft cease- fire agreement.’ Jacob handed over the papers to Baqar, who placed them before Major-General Farman. General Farman objected to the clause pertaining to the ‘Joint Command of India and Bangla Desh’. Jacob said, ‘But this is how it has come from Delhi.’ Colonel Khera of Indian military intelligence, who was standing on the side added, ‘Oh, that is an internal matter between India and Bangla Desh. You are surrendering to the Indian Army only.’ The 85

document was passed on to Niazi who glanced through it without any comment and pushed it back, across the table , to Farman. Farman said, ‘It is for the Commander to accept or reject it.’ Niazi said nothing. This was taken to imply his acceptance. In the early afternoon, General Niazi drove to Dacca airport to receive Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, Commander of Indian Eastern Command. He arrived with his wife by helicopter. A sizeable crowd of Bengalis rushed forward to garland their ‘liberator’ and his wife. Niazi gave him a military stalute and shook hands. It was a touching sight. The victor and the vanquished stood in full view of the Bengalis, who made no secret of their extreem sentiments of love and hatred for Aurora and Niazi respectiverly. Admidst shouts and slogans, they drove to Ramna Race Course (Suhrawardy Ground) where the stage was set for the surrender cremony. The vast ground bubbled with emotional Bengali crowds. They were all keen to witness the public humiliation of a West Pakistani General. The occasion was also to formalize the birth of Bangla Desh. A small contingent of the Pakistan Army was arrayed to present a guard of honour to the victor while a detachment of Indian soldiers guarded the vanquished. The surrender deed was signed by Lieutenant- General Aurora and Lieutenant General Niazi in full view of nearly one million Bengalis and scores of foreign media men. Then they both stood up. General Niazi took out his revolver and handed it over to Aurora to mark the capitulation of Dacca. With that, he handed over East Pakistan !’’

evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi weRq m¤ú~Y© nBj|

bq gvm e¨vwc hy× †kl nBj|

K) gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wgKv t

wKš— Bnvi cªvi¤¢ †gv‡UB GBi“c cÖkvš— wQj bv| eiÂ cÖPÛ gvbem„ó

AMœyrcvZmg wewflxKvi ga¨ w`‡qB evsjv‡`k ivóª Rb¥ wbj 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i | 86

wmwÏK mvwj‡Ki fvlvq XvKvq mvgwiK Awfhvb I †kL gywR‡ei †MªdZvi GBfv‡e Avi¤¢ nq ( Witness to Surrender, P-75) :

ÔThus the action had started before schedule. There was no point now in sticking to the prescribed H-hour. The gates of hell had been cast open. When the first shot had been fired, ‘the voice of Sheikh Mujibur Rehman came faintly through on a wavelength close to that of the official Pakistan Radio. In what must have been, and sounded like, a pre-recorded message, the Sheikh proclaimed East Pakistan to be the People’s Republic of Bangla Desh.The full text of the proclamation is published in Bangla Desh Documents released by the Indian Foreign Ministry. It said, ‘ This may be my last message. From today Bangla Desh is independent. I call upon the people of Bangla Desh, wherever you are and with whatever you have, to resist the army of occupation to the last. Your fight must go on until the last soldier of the Pakistan occupation army is expelled from the soil of Bangla Desh and final victory is achieved.Õ ( Witness to Surrender )

25‡k gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Î XvKv kn‡i †h MYnZ¨v P‡j Zvnvi GKwU weeiY

30‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L jÛb¯n ‘The Daily Telegraph’ cwÎKvq mvsevw`K mvBgb wWªs Gi

†cÖwiZ cÖwZ‡e`b gvidr cvIqv hvq| mf¨ RMZ me©cÖ_g GB MYnZ¨vi weeiY

Rvwb‡Z cvwiqv wknwiqv D‡V (`wjjcÎ, 2q LÛ c„t 788Ð792), Z‡e Bnv cÖK…Z

MYnZ¨vi LwÛZ wPÎ gvÎ t

GENOCIDE IN BANGLADESH SOME EYE-WITNESS ACCOUNTS “ HOW DACCA PAID FOR A ‘UNITED’ PAKISTAN” Report by Simon Dring of Daily Telegraph, London.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, East Pakistan’s popular political leader, was seen being taken away by the army, and nearly all the top members of his Awami League Party have also been arrested. Leading political activities have been arrested, others are dead, and the offices of two papers which supported Mujibur’s movement have been destroyed. 87

But the first target as the tanks rolled into Dacca on the night of Thursday, March 25, seems to have been the students. An estimated three battalions of troops were used in the attack on Dacca-one of armoured, one of artillery and one of infantry. They started leaving their barracks shortly before 10 p.m. By 11, firing had broken out and the people who had started to erect makeshift barricades-overturned cars, three stumps, furniture, concrete piping-became early casualties. Sheikh Mujibur was warned by telephone that something was happening, but he refused to leave his house. “If I go into hiding they will burn the whole of Dacca to find me”, he told an aide who escaped arrest. The students were also warned, but those who were still around later said that most of them thought they would only be arrested. Led by American supplied M-24 World War II tanks, one column of troops sped to Dacca University shortly after midnight. Troops tookover the British Council Liberary and used it as a fire base from which to shell nearby dormitory areas. Caught completely by surprise, some 200 students were killed in Iqbal Hall, headquarters of the militantly anti-government student’s union, I was told. Two days later, bodies were still smouldering in burnt-out rooms, others were scattered outside, more floated in a nearby lake, an art student lay sprawled across his easel. The military removed many of the bodies, but the 30 bodies till there could never have accounted for all the blood in the corridors of Iqbal Hall. At another hall, reportedly, soldiers buried the dead in a hastily dug mass grave which was then bull-dozed over by tanks. People living near the university were caught in the fire too, and 200 yards of shanty houses running alongside a railway line were destroyed. Army Patrols also razed nearby market area. Two days later, when it was possible to get out and see all this, some of the market’s stall-owners were still lying as though asleep, their blankets pulled up over their shoulders. In the same district, the Dacca Medical 88

College received direct bazooka fire and a mosque was badly damaged. As the university came under attack other columns of troops moved in on the Rajarbag headquarters of the East Pakistan Police, on the other side of the city. Tanks opened fire first, witness said: then the troops moved in and levelled the men’s sleeping quarters, firing incendiary rounds into the buildings. People living opposite did not know how many died there, but out of the 1,100 police based there not many are believed to have escaped. Mujib’s arrest As this was going on, other units had surrounded the Sheikh’s house. When contacted shortly before 1 a.m. he said that he was expected an attack any minute and had sent everyone except his servants and bodyguard away to safety. A neighbour said that at 1-10 a.m., one tank, an armoured car, and trucks loaded with troops drove down the street firing over the house. “Sheikh you should come down”, an officer called out in English as they stopped outside. Mujibur stepped out onto his balcony and said, “ Yes, I am ready, but there is no need to fire. All you need to have done is call me on the telephone and I would have come”. The officer then walked into the yard and told Mujibur: “You are arrested”. He was taken away along with three servants, an aide and his bodyguard, who was badly beaten up when he started to insult the officer. One man was killed- a night watchman hiding behind the fence of the house next door. As the Sheikh was driven off-presumably to army headquarters-the soldiers moved into the house, took away all documents, smashed everything in sight looked the garded gate, shot down the green, red and yellow “Bangladesh” flag and drove away. By 2 O’ Clock Friday Fires were burring all over the city, and troops had occupied the university and surrounding areas. 89

There was still heavy shelling in some areas, but the fighting was beginning to slacken noticeably. Opposite the Intercontinental Hotel Platoon of troops stored the empty office of “The People” newspaper burning it down along with most houses in the area and killing the night watchman. City lies silent Shortly before dawn most firing had stopped, and as the sun came up an eerie silence settled over the city, deserted and completely dead except for noise of the crows and the occasional convoy of toops or two or three tanks rumbling by mopping up. At noon, again without warning, columns of troops poured into the old section of the city where more than 1 million people lived in a sprawling maze of narrow, winding streets. For the next 11 hours, they devastated large areas of the “old town” as it is called, where Sheikh Mujibur had some of his strongest support in Dacca English Road, French Road, Niar Bazar, City Bazar were burned to the ground. “They suddenly appeared at the end of the street”, said one old man living in French Niar Bazar area. “Then they drove down it, firing into all the houses”. The lead unit was followed by soldiers carrying cans of gasoline. Those who tried to escape were shot. Those who stayed were burnt alive. Abut 700 men, women and children died there that day between noon and 2 p.m. I was told. The pattern was repeated in at least three other areas of upto a half square mile or more. Police stations in the old town were also attacked. Constables killed “I am looking for my constables”, a police inspector said on Saturday morning as he wandered through the ruins of one of the bazars. “I have 240 in my district, and so far I have only found 30 of them- all dead. In the Hindu area of the old town, the soldiers reportedly made the people come out of their houses and shot them in groups. This area, too was eventually razed. 90

The troops stayed on in force in the old city until about 11 p.m. on the night of Friday, March 26, driving around with local Bengali informers. The soldiers would fire a flare and the informer would point out the houses of Awami League supporters. The house would then be destroyed- either with direct fire from tanks or recoilless rifles or with a can of gasoline, witness said. Meanwhile troops of the East Bengal Regiment in the suburbs started moving out towards the industrial areas about 10 miles from the Sheikh’s centres of support. Firing continued in these areas until early Sunday morning, but the main part of the operation in the city was completed by Friday night-almost exactly 24 hours after it began. One of the last targets was the daily Bengali language paper “Ittefaq”. More than 400 people reportedly had taken shelter in its offices when the fighting started. At 4 o’clock Friday afternoon, four tanks appeared in the road outside. By 4-30 the building was an inferno, witnesses said. By Saturday morning only the charred remains of a lot of corpses huddled in back rooms were left.

Curfew lifted

As quickly as they had appeared, the troops disappered from the streets. On Saturday morning the radio announced that the curfew would be lifted from 7 a. m. until 4 p.m. It then repeated the Martial Law Regulation banning all political activity, announced press censorship and ordering all government employees to report back to work. All privately owned weapons were ordered to be turned into the autorities. Magically, the city returned to life, and panic set in. By 10 a.m. with palls of black smoke still hanging over large areas of the old town and out in the distance toward the industrial areas, the streets were packed with people leaving town. By car and in rickshaws, but mostly on foot, carrying their possessions with them, the people of Dacca were fleeing. By noon the refugees numbered in the tens of thousands. “Please give me lift, I am old man” –“In the name of Allah, help me” –“Take my children with you”. 91

Silent and unsmiling they passed and saw what the army has done. They looked the other way and kept on walking. Down near one of the markets a shot was heard. Within seconds, 2,000 people were running; but it had only been someone going to join the lines already forming to turn in weapons. Government offices remained almost empty. Most employees were leaving for their villages ignoring the call to go back to work. Those who were not fleeing wandered aimlessly around the smoking debris, lifting blackened and twisted sheets of corrugated iron (used in most shanty areas for roofing) to savage from the ashes what they could. Nearly every other car was either taking people out into the countryside or flying a red cross and conveying dead and wounded to the hospitals. In the middle of it all occasional convoys of troops would appear, the soldiers peering—equally unsmiling—down the muzzles of their guns at the silent crowds. On Friday night as they pulled back to their barracks they shouted “Narai Takbir”, an old Persian war cry meaning “We have won the war”. On Saturday when they spoke it was to shout “Pakistan Zindabad—Long live Pakistan”.

Fast-selling Flags Most people took the hint. Before the curfew was reimposed the two hottest-selling items on the market were gasoline and the national flag of Pakistan. As if to protect their property in their absence, the last thing a family would do before they looked up their house would be to raise the flag. At 4 o’clock Staurday afternoon, the streets emptied again. The troops reappeared and silence fell one more over Dacca. But firing broke out again almost immediately. “Anybody out after four will be shot”, the radio had announced earlier in the day. A small boy running across the street outside the Intercontinental Hotel two minutes after the curfew fell was stopped, slapped four times in the face by an officer and taken away in a jeep. The night watchman at the Dacca Club, a bar left over from the colonial days, was shot when he went to shut the gate of the 92

club. A group of Hindu Pakistanis living around a temple in the middle of the race course were all killed apparently because they were out in the open. Refugees who came back into the city, after finding that roads leading out of it were blocked by army, told how many had been killed as they tried to walk across country to avoid the troops. Beyond these roadblocks was more or less no-man’s land, where the clearing operations were still going on. What is happening out there now is anybody’s guess, except the army’s. Many poeple took to the river to escape the crowds on the roads, but they ran the risk of being stranded waiting for a boat when curfew fell. Where one such group was sitting on Saturday afternoon there were only bloodstains the next morning. Hardly anywhere was there evidence of organized resistence. Even the West Pakistani Officer scoffed at the idea of anybody putting a fight. “These bugger men”, said one Punjabi lieutenant, “could not kill us if they tried.” “Things are much better now”, said another officer. “Nobody can speak out or come out. If they do we will kill them-they have spoken enough –they are traitors, and we are not. We are fighting in the name of God and a united Pakistan.” (Despatch by Simon Dring of Daily Telegraph London, In Washington Post. March 30, 1971.)

Dc‡ii weeiY cvV Kwiqv ‡gv‡UI Dcjwä Kiv hvB‡e bv †h ÔThe gates of hell had been cast open’ ( Siddiq Salik) ewj‡Z 25‡k gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Î XvKv kn‡ii ey‡K Kx fq¼i ZvÛejxjv PvwjqvwQj| Bnvi mwnZ ïaygvÎ 1258 m‡bi nvjvKz Lvb Gi evM`v` AvµgY ev 1739 m‡b bv`xikvn Gi w`j−x Avµg†Yi mwnZ

Zyjbv Kiv hvB‡Z cv‡i|

‡jt †Rbv‡ij wbqvRx wb‡RB Zvnvi wjwLZ The Betrayal of East Pakistan cy¯—‡K

1971 m‡bi 25Ð26 †k gvP© Zvwi‡L XvKvq cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi ZvÛejxjvi 93

mwnZ eyLvivq †Pw½m Lvb , evM`v‡` nvjvKz Lvb Ges Ges Ag„Zm‡i †Rbv‡ij

Wvqv‡ii nZ¨vKv‡Ûi mwnZ Zyjbv K‡ib|

13k kZvwã‡Z ga¨ Gwkqvq mgiL›`, eyLviv, evM`v` cÖf„wZ AZ¨š— ewa©òy bMix wQj| H mKj bMix‡Z Ávb weÁvb, ms¯K…wZ mf¨Zvi cig DrKl© mvab nBqvwQj|

1218 m‡b †Pw½m Lvb eyLviv bMix Avµgb K‡ib Ges Av¶wiK A‡_© m¤ú~Y© i“‡c fwm¥f~Z K‡ib| Bnvi AvbygvwbK 15 j¶ Awaevmxi AwaKvskB cÖvY nvivq|

13k kZvwã‡Z evM`v` Ávb weÁv‡b Z`vbxš—b c„w_exi me©‡kÖô bMix wQj| cÖvq 20 j¶ gvbyl H mgq †mLv‡b emevm KwiZ| 1258 m‡b nvjvKz Lvb evM`v` Avµgb K‡i Ges 6 mßvn awiqv aŸsmjxjv, nZ¨v I jyÚb K‡i| gwnjv

I wkïmn kn‡ii `k j¶vwaK gvbyl nZ¨vi wkKvi nq| kn‡ii iv¯—vq iv¯—vq gbyl¨ i‡³i †mªvZ ewnqv hvq| UvBMªxm b`xi cvwb gvby‡li i‡³ jvj nBqv hvq| nvmcvZv‡ji †ivMx, Wv³vi Ges K‡jR mgy‡ni Aa¨vcK, QvÎ wbwe©‡k‡l ‡hLv‡b hvnv‡KB cvIqv wMqvwQj, wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v Kiv nBqvwQj|

1739 m‡bi ‡deªyqvwi gv‡m bv`xi kvn †gvMj ev`kvn †gvnv¤§` kvn †K

Kvibv‡ji hy‡× civ¯— Kwiqv w`j−x `Lj K‡i| bv`xi kvnÕi ‰mb¨ evwnbx j¶vwaK w`j−xevmx nZ¨v K‡i Ges Zvnv‡`i me©m¦ jyU K‡i| w`j−xi ev`kvn Gi ghyi wmsnvmbmn mKj `vgx e¯—y jyU&ZivR Kwiqv jBqv hvq| bv`xi kvn K‡qK nvRvi

Zi“YxI jyÚb mvgMªx wnmv‡e jBqv hvq|

Ag„Zm‡ii RvwjqvbIqvjvevM bvgK ¯’v‡b 1917 m‡bi 13B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L wbi¯¿ RbMY mg‡eZ nq| ¯nvbwUi PZyw`©K AÆvwjKv †ewóZ wQj| weªwUk †mbvewnbxi weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij Wvqv‡ii Av‡`‡k Zvnv‡`i Dci wbwe©Pv‡i ¸wj el©Y Kiv nq|

¯’vbwUi GKwU gvÎ cÖ‡ek c_ wQj| evwni nBevi Avi †Kvb c_ wQj bv Ges †Kn cjvqb Kwi‡Z cv‡iI bvB| d‡j K‡qK nvRvi AvnZ I wbnZ‡`i jv‡k ¯’vbwU cwic~Y© nBqv hvq|

25Ð26 gv‡P©i NUbv m¤ú‡K© †Rbv‡ij wbqvRx Zvnvi cy¯—‡K wjwLqv‡Qb (The

Betrayal of East Pakistan, c„t45Ð46)t 94

On the night between 25/26 March 1971, General Tikka struck. Peaceful night was turned into a time of wailing, crying, and burning. General Tikka let loose everything at his disposal as if raiding an enemy, not dealing with his own misguided and misled people. The military action was a display of stark cruelty, more merciless than the massacres at Bukhara and Baghdad by Changez Khan and Halaku Khan, or at Jallianwala Bagh by the British General Dyer.

General Tikka, instead of carrying out the tasks given to him, i.e., to disarm armed Bengali units and persons and to take into custody the Bengali leaders, resorted to the killing of civilians and a scorched-earth policy. His orders to his troops were: ‘I want the land and not the people.’ These orders were carried out in letter and spirit by Major-General Farman and Brigadier ( later Lt.-Gen.) Jahanzeb Arbab in Dhaka. Major- General Rao Farman had written in his table diary, ‘Green land of East Pakistan will be painted red.’ It was painted red by Bengali blood......

On the night between 25/26 March 1971 Yahya sneaked out of Dhaka before the start of military action. He told Tikka before leaving Dhaka, ‘Sort them out.’ Bhutto had remained behind to see what Tikka did. Bhutto saw Dhaka burning and heard the cries of the people, the crackle of burning material, the roar of tanks, the boom of guns and rockets, and the rattle of machine guns. In the morning, it is alleged, Bhutto patted Tikka, Farman, and Arbab on the back, congratulated them for doing exactly what was needed, and assured them that their future was secured. Bhutto kept his promise. Tikka secured the coveted post of COAS. Farman was made Chairman, Fauji Foundation, and Brigadier Arbab, despite the corruption charge proved against him, was promoted as Major-General and later Lieutenant-General. On reaching Karachi on 26 95

March, he told the people, ‘Thank God Pakistan has been saved.’

wKš— fviZxq DÏy© Kwe KvBwd AvRgx wVKB Dcjw× KwiqvwQ‡jb t (e½vbyev` : wm‡×k¦i †mb) t

evOjv‡`k

Avwg GKUv †`k bB ‡h Zywg Avgv‡K R¡vwj‡q ZQ&bQ K‡i †`‡e Avwg GKUv †`Iqvj bB ‡h Avgv‡K †f‡O ¸u‡ouv¸u‡ouv Ki‡e GKUv mxgvš—†iLv,ÐAvwg ZvÕI bB ‡h Zywg Avgv‡K gy‡Q ‡d‡j †`‡e ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ Zywg wK †eqvKzd wc‡l †dj‡Z PvI Avgv‡K U¨v‡¼i Zjvq wf‡¶q hv RywU‡q‡Qv Avgvi Ici †dj‡Z _v‡Kv bvcvg †evgv, w`‡bÐiv‡Z, G‡Z GKgvÎ wb‡R‡KB Zywg dzwi‡q †dj‡e Avgvi †Kvb& nvZUv Zywg †kK‡j evua‡Z PvI? mvZ †KvwU nvZ i‡q‡Q ! Avgvi †Kvb& gv_vUv ao †_‡K bvgv‡Z PvI? i‡q‡Q mvZ †KvwU gv_v ! ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

L) gyw³hy‡×i m~Pbv t

gyw³hy‡×i m~Pbv nq PÆMªv‡g| K¨v‡Þb iwdK Dj Bmjvg gvP© gv‡m

PÆMªvg¯’ BwcAvi †nW&‡KvqvU©v‡i G¨vW&Ry‡U›U c‡` Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| cvwK¯—vb

†mbvevwnbxi Avµgb Avk¼vq wZwb 25‡k gv‡P©i c~‡e©B BwcAvi Gi wewfbœ AvDU

†cv‡ó Aew¯’Z †deªyqvwi Awdmvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ †mbv BDwb‡Ui †deªyqvwi

AwdmviMY‡K Avmbœ hy× m¤¦‡Ü mZK© I mveavb K‡ib| wKš‘ B wc Avi wm Gi

†jt Kt G Gg †PŠayix I 8g †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui †gRi wRqvDi ingvb Zvnvi mveavb evYx‡Z ¸iZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib bvB| 25‡k gvP© ivwÎ mv‡o 8Uvi mgq 96

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi W. Rvdi Gi wbKU nB‡Z wZwb Rvwb‡Z cv‡ib †h Hw`b mÜ¨vq

Bqvwnqv Lvb †Mvc‡b KivPx Pwjqv wMqv‡Qb Ges K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKvq †mbv evwnbx I U¨vsK eni hy×ve¯’vi Rb¨ cÖ¯—ywZ jBqv‡Q| XvKv kn‡ii KZK RvqMvq

‡gvZv‡qb †mbvevwnbxi kw³e„w× Kiv nBqv‡Q| ivZ 8:45 Gi w`‡K wZwb Aq¨vi‡jm

K‡jvbx‡Z wMqv K¨v†Þb nvqvZ I Ab¨vb¨ AevOvwj ‰mb¨‡`i †MªdZvi K‡ib|

GB †MªdZv‡ii ga¨ w`qvB K¨v‡Þb iwdK evsjv‡`k m¦vaxbZvi j‡¶ gyw³hy‡×i gnv m~Pbv K‡ib| Gici wZwb nvwjkn‡i ivZ mv‡o 9 Uvq †cŠQvb| H ¯’v‡bi wZbwU

A¯¿vMv†ii c~Y© wbqš¿Y wZwb Mªnb K‡ib| ivZ 10t45 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ H¯’v‡b

Aew¯’Z mKj AevOvwj ‰mb¨ AvUK Kwi‡Z m¶g n‡qb| Zrci †ijI‡q wn‡j wZwb

Zvnvi m`i `dZi ¯’vcb K‡ib| Zvnvi †cÖwiZ mvs‡KwZK evZ©v Abymv‡i mxgvš—

GjvKvq Aew¯’Z AevOvwj ‰mb¨‡`i‡KI ivwÎ mv‡o 11Uvi g‡a¨B civf~Z Kiv nBqvwQj Ges Zrci evOvwj BwcAvi †mbv`j¸wj Zvnvi mwnZ †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨

PÆMªvg Awfgy‡L iIqvbv K‡i wKš‘ KvjyiNvU weª‡Ri wbKU ‡cuŠQvB‡j †gRi wRqvi wb‡`©k Abymv‡i KY©dzwj b`xi Icv‡i Pwjqv hvq|

25‡k gvP© w`evMZ ivÎ I ZrcieZx©Kvj K‡qKwU w`‡b XvKv,

Rq‡`ecyi, eªv²bevwoqvmn, VvKziMuvI nB‡Z PÆMªvg ch©š— me©Î Zvr¶wbK cÖwZwµqv wQj MYnZ¨vi cÖwZev` I cÖwZ‡kva, Avi cvwK¯—vb bq Ges m¦vaxbZv

AR©‡bi `~R©q msKí| 25‡k gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Î XvKvi Ae¯’v wQj fqven| gvbe mf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m GKwU RNb¨Zg MYnZ¨vi cÖvi‡¤¢ gvÎ K‡qK N›Uvi g‡a¨ VvÛv gv_vq nZ¨v Kiv nq nvRvi nvRvi wbi¯¿ gvbe mš—vb‡K| XvKv kn‡i wcjLvbvq

Aew¯’Z BwcAvi Gi m`i `dZi, ivRvievM¯’ cywjk jvBb, wgicyi _vbv cÖf„wZ

¯’v‡b cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx gUv©i U¨vsK BZ¨vw` jBqv Avµgb Kwi‡j evOvwj evwnbx Zvnv‡`i ¸wj evi“` †kl bv nIqv ch©š— cÖwZ‡iva hy× PvjvBqv g„Zy¨eiY

K‡i|

K¨v‡Þb nvi“b ivZ 10Uvq K¨v‡Þb iwd‡Ki evZ©v cvBqv ivZ mv‡o 11Uvi g‡a¨ KvßvB G Ae¯’vbiZ mKj AevOvwj Awdmvi I ‰mb¨ e›`x K‡ib| 97

K¨v‡Þb Gg Gm G f~uBqvi †bZ„‡Z¡ BwcAvi evwnbx 26‡k gvP© mKv‡j Kzwgj−v nB‡Z PÆMªvgMvgx cvwK¯—vb evwnbx‡K kyfvcyi weª‡R cÖwZ‡iva K‡i| Zrci Kzwgivq

28‡k gvP© ch©š— cÖPÛ hy× nq|

K¨v‡Þb iwd‡Ki BwcAvi evwnbx PÆMªvg kn‡ii wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi `Lj 3iv

GwcÖj ch©š— eRvq ivwL‡Z m¶g nBqvwQ‡jb| Zrci, wegvb evwnbxi Avµgb, hy×

RvnvR nB‡Z cÖPÛ †Mvjv el©b Ges U¨vsK Avµg‡bi gy‡L Zvnviv 3iv GwcÖj

Zvwi‡L PUªMªvg kni cwiZ¨vM Kwi‡Z eva¨ nb|

eªvþevwoqvq †gRi mvdvqvZ Rvwgj 27‡k gvP© mKv‡j †jt K‡b©j wLwRi nvqvZ Lvbmn mKj Aev½vjx Awdmvi I ‰mwbK‡`i e›`x K‡ib| AZci, kg‡mi bMi nB‡Z †gRi Lv‡j` †gvkviid Hw`b eªvg¥Yevwoqvq †cŠQvBqv mgMª GjvKvi

AwabvqKZ¡ Mªnb K‡ib| †gRi wRqvDi ingvb 26‡k gv‡P©i †fvi iv‡Î 8g †e½j

†iwR‡g‡›Ui mKj evOvwj ‰mb¨ jBqv we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib Ges KvjyiNvU weªR cvi nBqv cwUqv _vbvq NvwU ¯nvcb K‡ib| 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L †ejvj †gvnvg¥` Zvnv‡K

KvjyiNvU †iwWI †ók‡b jBqv Av‡mb| Z_vq 26‡k gvP© wØcÖni nB‡Z †kL gywRe cÖ`Ë m¦vaxbZvi †Nvlbv cÖPvwiZ nB‡ZwQj| †gRi wRqv 27‡k gvP© mÜ¨vq e½eÜy

†kL gywR‡ei c‡¶ c~bivq m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cvV K‡ib| †gRi †K Gg kwdDj−vn

28‡k gvP© mKv‡j Rq‡`ecyi¯n 2q ‡e½j ‡iwR‡g‡›Ui mKj DØ„Ë A¯¿ I hvbevnb jBqv gqgbwmsn Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| Rq‡`ecyi †PŠiv¯—vq †cuŠQvBqv mKj

Mvox‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv DÇqb Kiv nq Ges Rqevsjv †k−vMvb w`‡Z w`‡Z wZwb

Uv½vBj kni nBqv gqgbwmsn Mgb K‡ib| †mLvb nB‡Z wZwb †gRi Lv‡j`

†gvkvii‡di mwnZ †hvMv‡hvM K‡ib| †gRi Gg G Imgvb †PŠayix Zvnvi BwcAvi evwnbx jBqv PyqvWv½vq 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L m¦vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv DwÇqb K‡ib

Ges mKj Aev½vjx †mbv‡`i AvUK K‡ib| †gRi wPËiÄb `Ë nweMÄ nB‡Z wm‡jU kµgy³ Kwievi c`‡¶c MªnY K‡ib| 31‡k gvP© wZwb kÖxg½j kµgy³

K‡ib|

GBfv‡e 26‡k gvP© ev Bnvi Ae¨ewnZ ci nB‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î B wc Avi

I †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui ev½vwj ‰mb¨MY cÖvq GK‡hv‡M we‡`Övn †NvlYv KiZt gyw³hy‡×

†hvM`vb K‡ib|

GLv‡b D‡j−L¨ †h K¨v‡Þb iwdK, K¨v‡Þb nviƒb, †gRi wRqvDi ingvb ev

K¨v‡Þb fu~Bqv mK‡jB we‡`Öv‡ni cwiYvg m¤¦&‡Ü IqvwKenvj wQ‡jb wKš‘ Zvi c‡iI

PÆMªv‡g hLb evOvwjiv Avµvš— nBj ZLb Zvnviv †KnB b~Zb †Kvb ÔûKzgÕ ev

Ô†NvlYvÕ Avwmevi K_v wPš—vI K‡ib bvB, AvkvI K‡ib bvB ev cÖ‡qvRbI g‡b

K‡ib bvB, KviY cÖK„Z m¦vaxbZvi WvK ev †NvlYv Ges wb‡`©k 7 B gvP© Zvwi‡LB

†`Iqv nBqvwQj| †kL gywRe 3iv gvP© nB‡Z Zvnvi wewfbœ e³„Zvq nVvr D™¢yZ †Kvb we‡kl ¸i“Zi cwi¯nwZ‡Z wZwb ‡Kvb wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z AcviM nB‡Z cv‡ib Ges

†mB Ae¯’vq Kx Kx c`‡¶c MªnY Kwi‡Z nB‡e †m m¤¦&‡Ü evi evi mKj‡K mZK©

KivBqv w`qvwQ‡jb| wZwb mvgwiK Rvš—v‡K mRvM bv Kwiqv mKj‡K cÖvYcY ûuwkqvi

Kwievi AvcÖvY cÖ‡Póv KwiqvwQ‡jb| cÖZxqgvb nq †h †`‡ki †mB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mswk−ó mK‡jB Zuvnvi mZK©Zv evYx Dcjwä Kwi‡Z cvwiqvwQ‡jb| GB Kvi‡YB bZyb †Kvb wb‡`©k ev †NvlYv e¨wZ‡i‡KB K¨v‡Þb iwdK, K¨v‡Þb nvi“b, K¨v‡Þb f~uBqv, †gRi wRqvDi ingvb, †gRi kwdDj−vn, †gRi Imgvb †PŠayix, †gRi Lv‡j`

†gvkvid,†gRi mvdvIqvZ Rvwgj, †gRi wPËiÄb `Ë Ges AviI Av‡b‡K Zvr¶wbK we‡`Övn Kwi‡Z cvwiqvwQ‡jb|

GKB avivevwnKZvq ejv hvq †h wmivRM‡Äi gnvKzgv cÖkvmK kvgmywÏb

25‡k gvP© w`evMZ ivwÎ 1 Uvq msMªvg cwil` Awd†m Avwmqv cÖwZ‡iva msMªv‡gi

Rb¨ cywjk Avbmv‡ii A¯¿k¯¿ RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ weZiY K‡ib| †g‡nicy‡ii GmwWI

†ZŠwdKÐBÐ Gjvnx †PŠayix †g‡nicy‡i cÖwZ‡iva Mwoqv †Zv‡jb| e¸ov kn‡i

MvwRDj nK ¯’vbxq QvÎ RbZv‡K m‡½ jBqv mk¯¿ cÖwZ‡iva Avi¤¢ K‡ib|

Dc‡i ewY©Z mkmª cÖwZ‡iv‡ai weeiY nB‡Z cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î 26‡k gvP© nB‡Z cÖPÛ mk¯¿ª cÖwZ‡iva Avi¤¢ nBqv wMqvwQj|

K…lKÐkÖwgKÐQvÎÐRbZv gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯—ywZ wnmv‡e mvgwiK cÖwk¶Y MªnY Kwi‡Z

Avi¤¢ Kwiqv w`qvwQj| 26‡k gvP© mKv‡jB †ZŠwdKÐBÐ Bjvnx †PŠayix mvgwiK 99

mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ fviZxq KZ„©c‡¶i mwnZ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡ib Ges 31†k gvP© nB‡ZB fviZ nB‡Z A¯¿k¯¿ª mieivn Avi¤¢ nq|

Dc‡iv³ NUbvejx cÖgvb K‡i †h †kL gywR‡ei 7B gv‡P©i e³„Zv I Zrci

`xN© gvme¨vwc Zvnvi AvnŸvb evsjv‡`‡ki mKj ¯—‡ii gvbyl‡K m¦vaxbZv AR©‡bi j‡¶ gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ Kwievi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y© gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ¯—yZ Kwi‡Z cvwiqvwQj| evsjvi gvbyl cÖgvY KwiqvwQj †h e½eÜy †kL gywR‡ei wb‡`©k Abymv‡i Zvnv‡`i hvnvi hvnv wKQy wQj Zvnv jBqvB Zvnviv gyw³hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯—yZ nBqvwQj| Zvnviv gnxi“n m`„k Zvnv‡`i e½eÜy†K fvjevmvi wb`k©b m¦iƒc wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii

Avk¼v I KlvNvZ ÔmvZ †KvwU evOvwj‡i †n gy» Rbbx †i‡LQ evOvwj K‡i gvbyl

KiwbÕ AmZ¨ cÖgvY KwiqvwQj| Aek¨ BnvI mZ¨ †h 26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i †mB

AeY©bxq fq¼i g~û‡Z©I e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cvj‡b e¨_© nb bvB, wZwb wewfbœ gva¨‡g m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv RbM‡Yi wbKU ‡cŠQvBevi e¨e¯’v

KwiqvwQ‡jb| Zuvnv‡K wNwiqvB evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡o mvZ ‡KvwU gvby‡li m¦vaxbZv Kvgbv weg~Z¨© nBqv I‡V| we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m Bnv GKwU Abb¨ mvaviY NUbv|

‡Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv 25‡k gv‡P©i Mfxi iv‡Î XvKv nB‡Z KivPx †cuŠQvb|

BwZg‡a¨ †kL gywRe 26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv

Kwiqv‡Qb| XvKv I PÆMªv†g cvwK¯—vb †mbvewnbxi MYnZ¨v Avi¤¢ nBqv wMqvwQj|

26‡k gvP© mÜ¨vq †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv KivPx nB‡Z wb‡æv³ fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib

(`wjjcÎt mßg LÛ, c„t 1)t wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL

RvwZi D‡Ï‡k †Rbv‡ij Wb, KivPx, 27 gvP© ; 26 gvP©, 1971| Bqvwnqvi fvlY| cvwK¯—vb miKvi cÖPvwiZ cyw¯—Kvt Ôe¨vKMªvDÛ wi‡cvU©Ð4Õ

TEXT OF YAHYA’S BROADCAST (On March 26,1971)

`wjjcÎ t mßg LÛ, c„t Ð1

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 100

In East Pakistan a non-co-operation and disobedient movement was launched by the Awami League and matters took a very serious turn. Events were moving very fast and it became absolutely impermative that the situation was brought under control as soon as possible. With this aim in view, I had a series of discussions with political leasers in West Pakistan and subsequently on the 15th of March I went to Dacca. As you are aware I had a number of meetings with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in order to resolve the political impasse. Having consulted West Pakistani leaders it was necessary for me to do the same over there so that areas of agreement could be identified and an amicable settlement arrived at. As has been reported in the press and other news media from time to time, my talks with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman showed some progress. Having reached a certain stage in my negotiations with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman I considered it necessary to have another round of talks with West Pakistani leaders in Dacca. Mr. Z. A. Bhutto reached there on 21st March and I had a number of meetings with him. As you are aware, the leader of the Awami League had asked for the withdrawal of Martial Law and transfer of power prior to the meeting of the National Assembly. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s action of starting his non-cooperation movement is an act of treason. He and his party have defied the lawful authority for over three weeks. They have insulted Pakistan’s flag and defiled the photograph of the Father of the Nation. They have tried to run a parallel Government. They have created turmoil, terror and insecurity. A number of murders have been committed in the name of movement. Millions of our Bengali brethren and those who have settled in East Pakistan are living in a state of panic, and a very large number had to leave that Wing out of fear for their lives. The Armed Forces, located in East Pakistan, have been subjected to taunts and insults of all kinds, I wish to complement 101

them on the tremendous restraint that they have shown in the face of grave provocation. Their sense of discipline is indeed praiseworthy. I am proud of them.

Reasonable Solution

I should have taken action against Mujibur Rahman and his collaborators weeks ago but I had to try my utmost to handle the situation in such a manner as not to jeopardise my plan of peaceful transfer of power. In my keenness to achive this aim I kept on tolerating one illegal act after another. And at the same time I explored every possible avenue for arriving at some reasonable solution. I have already mentined the efforts made by me and by various political leaders in getting Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to see reason. We have left no stone unturned. But he has failed to respond in any constructive manner; on the other hand, he and his followers kept on flouting the authority of the Government even during my presence in Dacca. The proclamation that he proposed was nothing but a trap. He knew that it would not have been worth the paper it was written on and in the vacum created by the lifting of Martial Law he could have done anything with impunity. His obstinacy, obduracy and absolute refusal to talk sense can lead to but one conclusion—the man and his party are enemies of Pakistan and they want East Pakistan to break away completely from the country. He has attacked the solidarity and integrity of this country—this crime will not go unpunished. We will not allow some power hungry and unpatriotic people to destroy this country and play with the destiny of 120 million people. In my address to the nation of 6th March I had told you that it is the duty of the Pakistan Armed Forces to ensure the integrity, solidarity and security of Pakistan. I have ordered them to do their duty and fully restore the authority of the Government. In view of the grave situation that exists in the country today I have decided to ban all political activities throughout the counrty. As for the Awami League it is completely banned as a political party. I have also decided to impose complete Press censorship. Martial 102

Law regulations will very shortly be issued in pursuance of these decisions.

(M) evsjv‡`k miKvi t

A‡hŠw³Kfv‡e wbg©g hy× PvcvBqv wèvi †Lvuov ARynvZ H fvl‡Y e¨³ Kiv nBqv‡Q| GB fvlY Øviv cvwK¯—vbx ‰mbëvwnbx‡K ‡`k i¶vi cÖqv‡m evsjv‡`‡ki wbixn gvby‡li Dci Pig wbh©vZb PvjvBevi DmKvbx cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Q| Bqvwnqvi H fvlYÐcieZx© mg†q cvK‡mbv‡ì wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡ii gvÎv µgvb¦‡q evwo‡Z _v‡K|

†`‡k Ae¯’vb Kiv gvby‡li c‡¶ Av‡iv Am¤¢e nBqv D‡V| GB iKg KwVb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e½eÜyi my‡hvM¨ mnKgx©MY 1971 m‡bi 10B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L gyw³hy×

Kvjxb evsjv‡`k miKvi MVb Kwiqv gywRebMi nB‡Z AvbyôvwbKfv‡e m¦vaxbZv

†Nvlbv K‡ib| D³ m¦vaxbZv ‡Nvlbv wbæiƒc t

“THE PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE MUJIBNAGAR, BANGLADESH Dated 10th day of April, 1971.

WHEREAS free elections were held in Bangladesh from 7th December, 1970 to 17th January, 1971, to elect representatives for the purpose of framing a Constitution, AND

WHEREAS at these elections the people of Bangladesh elected 167 out of 169 representatives belonging to the Awami League, AND

WHEREAS General Yahya Khan summoned the elected representatives of the people to meet on the 3rd March, 1971, for the purpose of framing a Constitution, AND

WHEREAS the Assembly so summoned was arbitrarily and illegally postponed for an indefinite period, AND 103

WHEREAS instead of fulfilling their promise and while still conferring with the representatives of the people of Bangladesh, Pakistan authorirties declared an unjust and treacherous war, AND WHEREAS in the facts and circumstances of such treacherous conduct Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the undisputed leader of 75 million of people of Bangladesh, in due fulfillment of the legitimate right of self-determination of the people of Bangladesh, duly made a declaration of independence at Dacca on March 26, 1971, and urged the people of Bangladesh to defend the honour and integrity of Bangladesh, AND

WHEREAS in the conduct of a ruthless and savage war the Pakistan authorities committed and are still continously committing numerous acts of genocide and unprecedented tortures, amongst others on the civilian and unarmed people of Bangladesh, AND

WHEREAS the Pakistan Government by levying an unjust war and committing genocide and by other repressive measures made it impossible for the elected representatives of the people of Bangladesh to meet and frame a Constitution, and give to themselves a Government, AND WHEREAS the people of Bangladesh by their heroism, bravery and revolutionary fervour have established effective control over the territories of Bangladesh. We the elected representatives of the people of Bangladesh, as honour bound by the mandate given to us by the people of Bangladesh whose will is supreme duly constituted ourselves into a Constitutent Assembly, and having held mutual consultations, and in order to ensure for the people of Bangladesh equality, human dignity and social justice, declare and constitute Bangladesh to be a sovereign People’s Republic and thereby confirm the delcaration of independence already made by Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and 104

do hereby affirm and resolve that till such time as a Constitution is framed, Banga Bandhu Shekih Mujibur Rahman shall be the President of the Republic and that Syed Nazrul Islam shall be the Vice-President of the Republic, and that the President shall be the Supreme Commander of all the Armed Froces of the Republic, shall exercise all the Executive and Legislative powers of the Republic including the power to grant pardon. shall have the power to appoint a Prime Minister and such other Ministers as he considers necessary, shall have the power to levy taxes and expend monies, shall have the power to summon and adjourn the Constituent Assembly, and do all other things that may be necessary to give to the people of Bangladesh an orderly and just Government. We the elected representatives of the people of Bangladesh do further resolve that in the event of there being no President or the President being unable to enter upon his office or being unable to exercise his powers due to any reason whatsoever, the Vice- President shall have and exercise all the powers, duties and responsibilities herein conferred on the President. We further resolve that we undertake to observe and give effect to all duties and obligations that devolve upon us as a member of the family of nations and to abide by the Charter of the United Nations. We further resove that this Proclamation of Independence shall be deemd to have come into effect from 26th day of March, 1971. We further resolve that in order to give effect to this instument we appoint Prof. Yusuf Ali our duly Constituted potentiary and to give to the President and the Vice-President oaths of office.

PROF. YUSUF ALI Duly Constituted Potentiary By and under the authority of the Constitutent Assembly of Bangladesh.

105

(A‡av‡iLv cª`Ë)

Dc‡iv³ m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvcÎ evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi me©cÖ_g mvsweavwbK `wjj |

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb †h 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L XvKvq m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnv Dc‡iv³ m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv c‡Îi cÖ¯—vebvi lô `dvq eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q| e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv D³ Proclamation of Indepdendence Gi PZy_© `dvq wbwðZfv‡e mg_©b I Aby‡gv`b K‡i| ZvnvQvov, Bnvi PZy`©k `dvq m¦vaxbZvi GB †NvlYvcÎ 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© ZvwiL nB‡Z Kvh©Ki nBqv‡Q ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e GBiƒc wm×vš— cÖ`vb K‡i| †h‡nZy e½eÜy 1971 m‡bi

26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb †mB‡nZy D³

ZvwiLB evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv w`em|

AZtci, m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvq e¨³ A½xKvi Abymv‡i †`k‡K kÎ“gy³ Kwievi

`„p cÖZ¨q jBqv GKwU cÖevmx mve©‡fŠg m¦vaxb MYcÖRvZwš¿K evsjv‡`k miKvi

1971 m‡bi 13 B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L MwVZ nq| m¦vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª nB‡Z GB miKvi MV‡bi msev` †NvlYv Kiv nq| GB msµvš— cÖwZ‡e`b wbæiƒc (`wjjcÎ t

Z„Zxq LÛ; c„t 16Ð17)t

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii w` UvBgm Ae 13B GwcÖj, 1971| gš¿xmfv MVb| BwÛqvÐbqvw`wj−|

MUJIB IS HEAD OF WAR CABINET FOR BANGLADESH Press Report on April 13, 1971.

A six-member war cabinet headed by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was formed in Bangladesh today when the West Pakistanis launched an all-out offensive in strongerholds of his liberation forces. An important Awami League member announced somewhere in Bangladesh that the Government, with Nazrul Islam as Vice- President and the Party General Secretary, Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed, as Prime Minister, would guide and co-ordinate the war of liberation. 106

Today’s announcement formalised Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s proclamation of a Sovereign Democratic Republic of Bangladesh on March 25 when the material law authorities cracked down on East Bengal calling the Sheikh a “traitor”. According to the announcement, Mr. Khondakar Mushtaque Ahmed is Foreign Secretary in the Government. Other member of the Government are Capt. Mansoor Ali and Mr. A. H. Kamaruzzaman. The Government came into being following protracted deliberations at a meeting of National Assembly memebers and top Awami League leaders. Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed, a close associate of the Bangabandhu since long, had led the Awami League team at the advisers-level meeting during the abortive constitutional talks last month. He and Mr. Kamaruzzaman were both General Secretaries of the Awami League. Mr. Kamaruzzaman was also Secretary of the Awami Legague party in the National Assembly. Mr. Khondakar Mushtaque Ahmed was belived to be the Awami Leaqgue’s choice for, Speakership of the National Assembly which never met. Mr. Mansur Ali, of Pabna, was leader of the Awami League party in the Provincial Assembly. The formation of the Government was announced in a broadcast from the newly set up Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra and confirmed by the Press Adviser to President Rahman. The radio said formal proclamation of the new Government would take place at 9 a.m. tomorrow.

26‡k gvP© m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvi ci GB ch©š— BwcAvi I †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui evOvwj ‰mb¨MY, cywjk ewnbx Ges gyw³ evwnbxi m`m¨MY evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wew¶ßfv‡e hy× Kwi‡ZwQj| AZtci, cÖevmx miKvi gyw³evwnbx‡K cybM©Vb KiZt

†K›`ªxqfv‡e GKwU k„•Ljv I Kgv‡Ûi AvIZvq jBqv Av‡m| †mB j‡¶ evsjv‡`k miKvi evsjv‡`k‡K K‡qKwU †m±‡i fvM Kwiqv cÖwZwU †m±i Gi Rb¨ GKRb Kwiqv

AwabvqK wb‡qvM cÖ`vb K‡i| ZvnvQvov, Colonel M.A.G. Osmani ‡K gyw³ †dŠR Gi 107

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief wb‡qvM cÖ`vb Kiv nq| mswk−ó msev`wU wbæiƒc

(`wjjcÎ t Z„Zxq LÛ, c„t 23Ð24)t

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL

A¯nvqx miKvi KZ„©K gyw³ Gwkvqvb †iKW©viÐ †g 14Ð20, 14B GwcÖj 1971| evwnbxi cybM©Vb t K‡Y©j 1971 Imgvbx‡K me©vwabvqK c‡` wb‡qvM|

Re-organization of Liberation Forces :

The newly formed “Provisonal” Government on April 14 set about the task of transforming the liberation army into an organized force by setting up a full-fledged operational base and an Interim capital and naming commanders for well-defined liberated zones. Col. Osmani of the Bengal Regiment, who had retired from active service some time before the flare-up in East Bengal, was appointed the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the “Mukti Fauj.” The names of regional commanders as announced by the Prime Minister, Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed, were : Maj. Khalid Musharaf, Sylhet-Comilla; Maj. Ziaur Rahman, Chittagong-Noakhali; Maj. Safiulla, Mymensingh-Tangail; and Maj. M. A. Osman, South-west. Besides the interim capital located in the western zone, a regional unit had been set in the Sylhet-Comilla zone with full administrative authority for the eastern region. He said that in the Sylhet-Comilla region, Maj. Khalid Musharaf of the East Bengal Regiment had driven the Army to the cantonments of Sylhet and Comilla. In the Chittagong-Noakhali sector, Maj. Ziaur Rahman was in full command of the liberation forces who had contained the enemy in limited pockets of Chittagong. Maj. Safiulla was poised to march on Dacca after liberating all areas in Mymensingh and Tangail. In the south-west region, Mr. Ahmed said, Maj. Osman had taken command, liberating large areas of Khulna, Kushtia, Jessore, 108

Faridpur, Barisal and Patuakhali. The enemy remained confined to Jessore cantonment and parts of Khulna town. In North Bengal, a unified command of the East Bengal Regiment and the East Pakistan Rifles had laid siege on Rangpur and Saidpur enemy positions. Democratic Republic of Bangladesh Proclaimed : Amidst thunderous cheers from a 10,000-strong crowd which included contingents of the EPR, Ansars and Mujahids, the democratic Republic of Bangladesh was proclaimed in Mujibnagar on April 17 as a formally constituted State, to be run by a presidential form of Government. The Prime Minister, Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed declared that the Government’s writ ran through 90 per cent of the territory, except for the cantonments and a few administrative headquarters which were being held by the Army. About 50 foreign journalists watched and recorded the proceedings. The proclamation named Syed Nazrul Islam as Vice-President, but explained that if the President, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, “is absent, or cannot function or is incapacitated,” Mr. Islam would carry on the functions of the President. Pending the formulation of a new Constitution, the President would be the head of the armed forces and the sole legislative authority. He would appoint the Prime Minister and his colleagues, levy taxes and authorize expenditure and would convene or adjourn a Consitutent Assembly.

m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvi `yBgvm ci cvwK¯—vb miKv‡ii wewfbœ wg_¨v cÖPviYvi

Rev†e cÖevmx miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x e‡jb (`wjjcÎ| Z„Zxq LÛ, c„t53)t

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL

Aj BwÛqv †iwWI cÖPvwiZ w` UvBgm Ae BwÛqv| 3 Ryb, 1971| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿xi mv¶vZKvi||

FREEDOM AT ALL COSTS : TAJUDDIN Report of Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed’s interview with All India Radio On June 2, 1971.

109

The Bangladesh Prime Minister, Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed said in Mujibnagar today that Bangladesh “is sovereign and independent and its people will defend its separate and free entity at all cost.” In an interview with All-India Radio, Mr. Ahmed reiterated “our irrevocabe commitment to a policy of friendship for all, especially or neighbours irrespective of variations in the response of world Powers to our present difficulties. Mr. Ahmed said his Government had approached the United States for intervening for a political settlement. “We should like to make it absolutely clear to everyone that there is no room for compromise within the framework of Pakistan, Bangladesh is sovereign and independent and we shall defend its separate and free entity at any cost. “

GLv‡b D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †h 3iv gvP© Zvwi‡L AbywôZe¨ RvZxq Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ nBqv †M‡j cÖPÛ Av‡›`vjb Avi¤¢ nq| mvgwiK Rvš—v GKw`‡K Av‡jvPbv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L, Ab¨w`‡K 22‡k †deªyqvwii ci nB‡ZB cÖwZw`b ‰mb¨`j I mvgwiK ik` cwðg cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z c~e©vÂ‡j Avwm‡Z _v‡K| 6B gvP© Zvwi‡Li GK †NvlYvq 25‡k gvP©

RvZxq msm‡`i Awa‡ekb Avnevb Kiv nq| wKš‘ 25‡k gv‡P©i GK †NvlYvq msm`

Awa‡ekb c~bivq ¯’wMZ Kwiqv †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv mš—c©‡b KivPx cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|

Gw`‡K MYnZ¨v Avi¤¢ nq Ges 26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i †kL gywRe evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| Bnvi wKQy¶‡bi g‡a¨B mvgwiK Rvš—v Zvnv‡K †MªdZvi

K‡i|

D‡j−L¨ †h 1966 mb nB‡Z 6 `dvi wfwË‡Z m¦vqZ¡Ðkvm‡bi Av‡›`vjb †kL gywR‡ei cÖZ¨¶ †bZ„‡Z¡ Avi¤¢ nq| 6 `dvi `vexi wfwË‡ZB AvIqvgx jxM wbe©vP‡b wbi¼yk weRq jvf K‡i| gvP© gv‡mi m¦vaxbZv msMªvg Zuvnvi †bZ„‡Z¡B av‡c av‡c

AvMvBqv hvq| Zvunvi AvKw¯§K ‡Mªßv‡i m¦fveZB AvIqvgx jxM †bZ„‡Z¡ GKwU weivU ïb¨Zvi m„wó nq| †bZ„‡Z¡i †mB m¼U ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g‡`i †bZ„‡Z¡ †kL gywR‡ei mnKg©xMY AZ¨š— `¶Zv I weP¶YZvi mwnZ †gvKvwejv K‡ib| gvÎ `yB mßv‡ni g‡a¨ Zvnviv Proclamation of Independence cÖ`vb KiZ GKwU cÖevmx 110

miKvi MVb K‡ib Ges m¦vaxbZvi hy× cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MªnY

K‡ib|

ivóª cwiPvjbvq Zvnv‡`i KvnviB †Kvb c~e© AwfÁZv bv _vwK‡jI GB Pig

`ytmg‡q GB AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ gyw³ †dŠR MVb I hy× cwiPvjbvq Zvnviv

`¶Zvi cwiPqB w`qv wQ‡jb| Zvnviv wb‡R‡`i wb‡f©Rvj I HKvwš—K cÖ‡Póv Øviv

Zvnv‡`i AbwfÁZv‡K ‡cvlvBqv jBqvwQ‡jb| ZvnvivB GZ m¦í mg‡q weRq w`em m¤¢e Kwi‡Z cvwiqvwQ‡jb|

26‡k gvP© evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i gvbwP‡Î GKwU m¦vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivóª wnmv‡e

AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvi Aciv‡a cvwK¯—v‡bi mvgwiK Rvš—v evsjv‡`‡k c„w_exi BwZnv‡m bMœZg MYnZ¨v I me©cÖKvi AZ¨vPvi wbcxob Avi¤¢ KiZt evOvwj

RvwZ‡K wbt‡k‡l Kwi‡Z Avi¤¢ KwiqvwQj| GB Amnbxq Ae¯’vq evOvwj RvwZ i“wLqv

`uvovq| gyw³†hv×viv AvaywbK A‡¯¿ mw¾Z cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi mwnZ hy‡×

AKvZ‡i cÖvY wemR©b w`‡Z _v‡K|

(N) m¦vaxbZv we‡ivax evOvwj t

wKš‘ †m mg‡qI GK †kÖYxi evOvwj f`Ö‡jvK MYnZ¨vKvix mvgwiK Rvš—vi c¶vj¤¦b KiZt m¦vaxb evsjv‡`k I gyw³hy‡×i wei“ØvPviY KiZt MYnZ¨v‡K mg_©Y

Kwi‡Z _v‡K| Ggb K‡qKRb evsjvfvlx cvwK¯—vbx‡`i wee„wZÐeY©bv GLv‡b cÖ`vb

Kiv nBj (`wjjcÎ t mßg LÛ, c„t 659Ð660)t

‰`wbK cvwK¯—vb, 7B GwcÖj, 1971 wek¦‡K weåvš— Kivi Rb¨ fviZ wfwËnxb cÖPviYv Pvjv‡”Q Ðnvwg`yj nK †PŠayix

`wjjcÎ (wewW 7g LÛ c„t 659Ð660)

cvwK¯—v‡bi mv‡eK ciivóª gš¿x I wewkó GW‡fv‡KU Rbve nvwg`yj nK ‡PŠayix wbgœwjwLZ wee„wZ w`‡q‡Qb tÐ c~e© cvwK¯Zvbxiv hvB †P‡q _vK bv †Kb, Zviv wbðqB †`‡ki HK¨ 111

evbPv‡ji cwiKíbv K‡iwb ev K‡ibv| cwðgvÂj †_‡K c~e©vÂj‡K wew”Qbœ Ges m¤cÖmviYev`x myweavi Rb¨ cvwK¯Zvb‡K aŸsm KivB fvi‡Zi cÖPviYvi GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨ e‡j g‡b n‡”Q| GB D‡Ïk¨ c~iY Ges wek¦‡K weåvš— Kivi Rb¨ mKj Z_¨ gva¨‡g †evgv el©Y K‡i kni mg~n‡K aŸsm I nvRvi nvRvi †jvK‡K nZ¨vi wg_¨v Awf‡hvM we‡k¦i Kv‡Q Zy‡j aiv n‡”Q| e¯y—Zc‡¶ Lei I Awfg‡Zi e¨vcv‡i fviZxq †eZviÐmg‡qi A‡a©KUvB GB j¶¨ AR©‡b e¨q Kiv n‡”Q| KZw`b GB ai‡Yi wg_¨v wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i| c~e© cvwK¯Zvbxiv wK Pvq Zv gvÎ 120 w`b Av‡M †NvwlZ n‡q‡QÐ GLb mgMª cÖvß eq¯‹ RbmsL¨v GKwU gvÎ RvZxq cwil‡ì m`m¨ wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ †fvU †`b| RbMY mgMª †`k‡K (c~e© I cwðg) GKwU BDwbU MY¨ K‡i GKwU gvÎ RvZxq cwil‡ì m`m¨ wnmv‡e emvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb K‡i‡Q GKwU GKK †`‡ki kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ Ges c~e© cvwK¯Zvb mn cvuPwU m¦vqZ¡kvwmZ BDwb‡Ui mgš¦‡q MwVZ †mB †`‡ki miKvi cÖwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨| fviZxq cÖPviYvKvixiv wK K‡i `vex K‡ib †h c~e© cvwK¯Zvb cvwK¯Zvb †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡Z Pvq Ges †mB A_©nxb Z‡Ëi wfwË‡Z wew”QbœZvev`x‡ì ‰bwZK I ‰elwqK mg_©b w`‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| cÖK…Z c‡¶ GB ai‡Yi e¨w³‡ì cvwK¯Zvb A‡c¶v fvi‡Z †ekx cvIqv hv‡e| cÖvYnvwb n‡q‡Q, KviY `yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e Zv n‡Z eva¨, hLb AvBb I k„sLjv Ggb GK ch©v‡q †fs‡M c‡owQj hv Avgvi ‡deªyqvwi I gvP© gv‡m †`‡LwQ| GUv LyeB `ytLRbK Ges GUv Gov‡bv cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB Kvg¨| Avwg Avkv Kwi †MvUv AÂ‡ji kvwš— Ges Dfq †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Kj¨v‡Yi LvwZ‡i fviZ GB kµZvg~jK c_ †_‡K weiZ n‡e| cÖK…Z NUbv m¤ú‡K© fvi‡Zi †Kvb m‡›`n _vK‡j GLv‡b Zv‡ì K~UbxwZK‡ì KvQ †_‡K Zviv mn‡RB Zv Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| GB K~UbxwZKiv AvevwmK GjvKvq wbivc‡` evm Ki‡Qb †h AvevwmK GjvKv fvi‡Zi De©i †eZvi I cÖPviYvKvix‡ì g‡Z f~wgmvr Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb mKj †kÖYxi RbM‡Yi KZ©e¨ n‡”Q m¦vfvweK Rxeb wdwi‡q Avbvi e¨vcv‡i wØ¸Y wbôvi m‡½ AvZœwb‡qvM Kiv| gvP© gv‡m wZb mßvn hver niZv‡ji d‡j m¦vfvweK Rxeb hvÎv e¨vnZ nq| cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K miKv‡ii Kv‡Q GB Avkv Kivi AwaKvi Av‡Q †h Zv‡ì Rxeb, m¦vaxbZv Ges ‡ckv iw¶Z n‡e| hZ kxNª m¤¢e †emvgwiK RbwcÖq miKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q hvIqv cÖ‡qvRb| GB 112

cÖms‡M †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi wee„wZ Awfb›`b †hvM¨ | ‰`wbK cvwK¯Zvb, 7 GwcÖj, 1971|

‰`wbK cvwK¯—vb t 8.4.1971 cvwK¯Zvb aŸsm Kivi Av‡iKwU c`‡¶c fvi‡Zi f~wgKv cÖms‡M KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM †bZ„e„›`

(`wjjcÎ 7g LÛ c„t 665Ð666)

cvwK¯Zvb KvDwÝj jx‡Mi GMv‡iv Rb †bZv MZ †mvgevi msev` c‡Î wbgœ wjwLZ wee„wZ w`‡q‡Qb| cvwK¯Zvb cÖwZôvi mgq †_‡KB fviZ cvwK¯Zv‡bi cÖwZ ‰eix g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡i Avm‡Q| Gi we‡kl KviY GB †h fvi‡Zi AÂj †_‡K `y‡Uv AÂj‡K Avjv`v K‡i cvwK¯Zvb cÖwZôv‡K fviZ gvbwmK w`K †_‡K KL‡bvB †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| GK_v mK‡jiB Rvbv Av‡Q †h fviZwefvM evwZj Kivi Rb¨ fviZ cÖwZwU my‡hv†MiB mØënv‡ii †Póv K‡i‡Q| GgbwK fviZ 1965 mv‡j cvwK¯Zv‡bi Dci mk¯¿ nvgjvI K‡iwQj| wKš‘ exi cvwK¯Zvbx †mbvevwnbx I RbmvaviY GB RNb¨ cÖqvm‡K cy‡ivcywi e¨_© K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì RbmvaviY KL‡bvB fyj‡ebv †h, j¶ j¶ gymjgv‡bi Rxeb I m¤ú‡ì wewbg‡q fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì GB evmf~wg AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| †Kvb †Mvôxi e¨w³MZ m¦v_© PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ H AvZœZ¨vM Kiv nqwbÐ n‡qwQj BmjvwgK mvgvwRK b¨v‡qi wfwË‡Z Av`k© wfwËK RxebhvÎv ev¯Zevq‡bi Rb¨| cvwK¯Zvb GLb wef³ n‡q‡Q e‡j fviZxq †bZviv †h AwfgZ †cvlY Ki‡Qb Zv cy‡ivcywi fyj| mgMª RbmvaviY †`‡ki msnwZ i¶v Ki‡Z `„p cÖwZÁ| cvwK¯Zv‡bi eZ©gvb kvmbZvwš¿K mgm¨v cy‡ivcywi Af¨š—ixY welq Ges Zv RbmvaviY‡K †`‡ki msnwZ I Av`k© i¶v †_‡K KL‡bvB weiZ Ki‡ebv| fviZxq cvj©v‡g‡›U †h cÖ¯—ve M„nxZ n‡q‡Q Zv cvwK¯Zvb‡K aŸsm Kivi Avi GKwU c`‡¶c Qvov wKQyB bq| fviZ ZvB Zvi †eZvi gvidZ wg_¨v I Ab¨vq cÖPviYv Øviv we‡k¦i RbgZ‡K weåvš— Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q| Avgiv wbwðZ †h, Avgv‡ì RbmvaviY GB wfwËnxb cÖPviYvq Kvb †`‡eb bv| fviZ Avgv‡ì GB wcÖq †`k `Lj Kivi Rb¨ c~e© cvwK¯Zvb mxgv‡š— mk¯¿ ‰mb¨ cvVv‡”Q| Avgiv `„p K‡Ú fvi‡Zi GB `~iwfmwÜg~yjK Kvh©µ‡gi wb›`v KiwQ| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki mve©‡fŠgZ¡ i¶vi Rb¨ kµi mKj †Póv e¨_© Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ HKë× nevi Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q| 113

wee„wZ‡Z m¦v¶i K‡i‡Qb (1) cvwK¯Zv‡bi gymwjg jx‡Mi mn mfvcwZ G wKD Gg kwdKzj Bmjvg, (2)cvwK¯Zvb gymwjgjx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K Rbve Aveyj Kv‡mg, (3) c~e© cvwK¯Zvb cÖ‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ ‰mq` LvRv L‡qi DwÏb, (4)c~e© cvwK¯Zvb cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K Rbve AvZvDj nK Lvb (GW‡fv‡KU), (5)cvwK¯Zvb cÖ‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi hyM¥ m¤úv`K †gvnv¤g` AvZvDj nK (GW‡fv‡KU), (6) c~e© cvwK¯—vb cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi hyM¥ m¤úv`K byi“j nK gRyg`vi (GW‡fv‡KU), (7) XvKv kni gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ †gvnv¤g` ‡mivRywÏb, (8) c~e© cvwK¯Zvb cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K G †K Gg gywReyj nK, (9) XvKv †Rjv gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ †K Gg †mivRyj nK, (10) XvKv †Rjv gymwjg jx‡Mi m¤úv`K †bRvgywÏb, (11) XvKv kni gymwjg jx‡Mi m¤úv`K G gwZb (GW‡fv‡KU)| Ð‰`wbK cvwK¯Zvb, 8 GwcÖj, 1971| c~e©‡`k 5Ð5Ð1971 bqv mvgªvR¨ev`x Pµvš— bm¨vr Kivi Rb¨ kvn& AvwR‡Ri Avnevb

( `wjjcÎ t 7g LÛ c„t 675Ð676)

XvKv, 4Vv †g (Gwcwc)| RvZxq cwil‡ì mv‡eK we‡ivax mnKvix †bZv kvn& AvwRRyi ingvb MZ †mvgevi GK wee„wZ‡Z fvi‡Zi bqv mgªvRëv`x `yiwfmwÜ‡K bm¨vr Kivi e¨vcv‡i cvwK¯Zv‡bi mk¯¿ evwnbx‡K mvwe©Kfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv`vb Kivi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi cÖwZ Av‡e`b Rvbvb| kvn& AvwR‡Ri wee„wZi Ask we‡kl wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jv t Avgvi †`kevmx cvwK¯Zvb m„wó I Zvi Aw¯ZZ¡ msi¶‡Yi BwZe„Ë m¤ú‡K© AZ¨š— m‡PZb i‡q‡Q| wek¦ cvj©v‡g›Uvix †dviv‡g Avwg fvi‡Zi `~yiwfmwÜ I Kvk¥xi m¤ú‡K©, b¨vqm½Z `vwe m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì RvZxq AwfgZ †ck K‡iwQjvg| cvwK¯Zvb miKvi Gai‡Yi K‡qKwU e³„Zv cÖKvk I cÖPviI K‡iwQ‡jb| ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv†K me©vwaK my‡hvM myweav `v‡bi gva¨‡g MYZš¿ cyYt cÖeZ©‡bi Rb¨ †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb m‡Pó wQ‡jb| AvIqvgx jxM bv‡g c~e© cvwK¯Zvb cÖavb ivR‰bwZK `jwU mv¤cÖwZK wbe©vP‡b cwil‡ì msL¨vMwiô Avmb jvf K‡iI MYZš¿ cybt cÖeZ©‡bi myeY© my‡hvM Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡iwb| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Z_vKw_Z mš¿vmev`x‡ì †m−vMv‡b GLv‡b Îv‡mi m„wó n‡qwQj| me©Î fxwZ I Îvm weivR KiwQj| MZ wbe©vP‡bi mgq Avgv‡K I Avgvi Kgx©‡ì Dci AgvbywlK wbh©vZb Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQ‡jv| Gi 114

wei“‡× bvbv iKg Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡iI †Kvb iKg mvov cvIqv hvqwb| gvby‡li †`k‡cÖ‡gi wbðqZv cwigv‡ci†Kvb hš¿†bB e‡j wZwb Rvbvb| ‡`‡ki msnwZ webó Kivi Rb¨ 25‡k gv‡P©i Av‡M hviv cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡qwQ‡jv †`k†cÖwgK mk¯¿ evwnbx Zv‡ì †m cÖ‡Póv bm¨vr K‡i w`‡q‡Q| fviZ cvwK¯Zv‡bi Af¨š—ixY e¨vcv‡i†h RNb¨, n¯Z‡¶c Ki‡Q wZwb Zvi Zxeª wb›`v cÖKvk K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb fviZ Avš—R©vwZK mg¯Z wewa wb‡la j•Nb K‡i‡Q| fvi‡Zi eÜy‡Z¡i gy‡Lvk we‡k¦i Kv‡Q aiv c‡o †M‡Q| fviZ hv‡Z cvwK¯Zv‡bi Af¨š—ixY e¨vcv‡i n¯Z‡¶c bv K‡i †m Rb¨ wZwb ûuwkqvi evYx D”PviY K‡ib| bqv mvgªvRëv` fviZ‡K aŸsm Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ †`k †cÖwgK‡ì me iKg mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZv`v‡bi Rb¨ kvn AvwRRyi ingvb RbM‡Yi cÖwZ Av‡e`b Rvwbq‡Qb| Ðc~e©‡`k, 5 †g, 1971| ‰`wbK cvwK¯—vb 9Ð7Ð1971 c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b ev½vjx‡ì Rxe‡bi wbivcËv †bBÐGK_v wfwInxb | ÐWt mv¾v` †nv‡mb

(`wjjcÎt 7g LÛ c„t 680Ð681)

jÛb, 8B RyjvB (iqUvi)| Ðc~e©cvw¯Zv‡bi kni I Mªv‡g ev½vjx‡ì Rxe‡bi †Kvb wbivcËv †bB e‡j †h K_v ejv n‡q‡Q c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi `yBRb wek¦we`¨vjq Aa¨vcK MZKvj Zv Am¦xKvi K‡i‡Qb| ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi fvBm P¨v‡Ýji Wt Gm mv¾v` †nv‡mb I XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BwZnvm wefv‡Mi wiWvi Wt Gg †gvni Avjx UvBg cwÎKvq wjwLZ GK `xN© wPwV‡Z Zvu‡ì GB Am¦xK…wZi K_v Rvbvb| we‡`‡k cÖPvwiZ b„ksmZvi Kvwnbx D‡j−L K‡i wPwV‡Z ejv nq, G‡Z wew¯§Z nevi wKQy †bB †h G ai‡Yi Kvwnbx cÖPvi Ae¨vnZ _vKvi d‡jB G iKg m¤ú~Y© wfwËnxb aviYvi m„wó n‡”Q †h, c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b kn‡i I Mªv‡g ev½vjx‡ì we‡kl K‡i wkw¶Z ev½vjx‡ì Rxe‡bi†Kvb wbivcIv †bB| eyw×Rxex‡ì cvBKvix nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j†h Kvwnbx cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q, Aa¨vcKØq ZvI Am¦xKvi K‡i‡Qb| wPwV‡Z ejv nq †h, gv‡P©i 25‡kÐ26‡k Zvwi‡L RMbœv_ I BKevj n‡ji Av‡k cv‡ki GjvKvq hy‡× XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi 9 Rb wk¶K cÖY nvwi‡q‡Qb e‡j Rvbv †M‡Q| wPwV‡Z ejv nq †h, Avgv‡ì 3 Rb mn‡hvMx cÖvY nviv‡Zb bv hw` bv Zviv †h feb¸‡jv‡Z evm Ki‡Zb †m ¸‡jv‡K AvIqvgx jxM †m¦”Qv‡meK evwnbxi mk¯¿ m`mïv †mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× Zv‡ì ZrciZv NvuwU wn‡m‡e 115

e¨envi Ki‡Zv| Ð‰`wbK cvwK¯Zvb, 9 RyjvB, 1971|

‰`wbK cvwK¯—vb 2Ð9Ð1971 wew”QbœZvev`x ivR‰bwZK `j wbwl× †NvlYvi `vex KivPx‡Z †Mvjvg AvRg

(`wjjcÎ t 7g LÛ c„t 685Ð686)

KivPx, 1jv †m‡Þ¤¦i (Gwcwc)|Ð MZKvj c~e© cvwK¯Zvb Rvgv‡Z Bmjvgxi Avgxi Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg AvRg Awej‡¤¦ RvZxq cwil` evwZj Ges hLbB mgq AbyK~j n‡e Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ mgMª †`‡k bZyb K‡i wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi Avnevb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| MZKvj GLv‡b RvgvZ Awd‡m GK mvsevw`K m‡b¥j‡b fvlY `vb Kv‡j wZwb e‡jb †h, cieZx© Av`gïgvix mgvß nIqvi ciB †`‡k mvaviY wbe©vPb nIqv DwPr| wZwb Awej‡¤¦ cieZx© Av`gïgvix Abyôv‡bi †Rvi `vex Rvbvb| KviY cieZx© Av`gïgvix Abyôv‡bi mgq †ek Av‡MB n‡q‡Q| wZwb mKj wew”QbœZvev`x ivR‰bwZK `j wbwl× †NvlYv Ges Zv‡ì †bZ„e„›`‡K kvw¯Z `v‡bi Avnevb Rvbvb| GB cÖm‡½ wZwb b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU©i (fvmvbx MÖ“c), Rbve AvZvDi ingvb Lv‡bi †bZ„‡Z¡ cvwiPvwjZ b¨vkbvj jxM I b¨v‡ci (Iqvjx MÖ“c) c~e© cvwK¯Zvb kvLvi bvg D‡j−L K‡ib| Zvui g‡Z Gme `‡ji m`mïv GL‡bv c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b †Mvc‡b ZrciZv Pvjv‡”Q Ges RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ nZvkvi fve m„wó Ki‡Q| c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b A_©‰bwZK cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨ wZwb 5 `dv cwiKíbvi K_v mycvwik K‡i‡Qb| Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg AvRg e‡jb, XvKvq mì `dZi mn ÔÔc~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi A_©bxwZ cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK KwgwUÕÕ bv‡g GKwU we‡kl ms¯nv wb‡qvM Kiv DwPZ| GB ms¯nvi KvR n‡e A_©‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ cix¶v K‡i †`Lv Ges †mLv‡b A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Dcvq D™¢veb I mycvwik †ck| wØZxqZt hZ kxNª m¤¢e eb¨v wbqš¿‡bi eë¯’v MªnY Kiv DwPZ| Z‡e Avš— R©vwZK mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| cwiKíbvi Z„Zxq `dv n‡”Q c„_K DËie½ cÖ‡`k ¯’vcb Ges GRb¨ bqv kvmbZ‡š¿ eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e| XvKv †_‡K mivmwi DËie½ A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Kvh©µg Z`viK Kiv Lye AmyweavRbK| KviY †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î eªþcyÎ b` GK weivU cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i †i‡L‡Q| wZwb e‡jb, PZy_© `dv n‡”Q dmj nvwbi ì“Y c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b m¤¢ve¨ `ywf©¶ cÖwZ‡iv‡a miKv‡ii eë¯nv MªnY Kiv DwPZ| †kl `dvq c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b †eKvi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dci ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv nq Ges ejv nq hviv KvR Ki‡Z Pvb, Zv‡ì‡K KvR w`‡Z n‡e| Aa¨vcK AvRg cvwK¯Zvb i¶v I gvby‡li Rxe‡bi wbivcIvi Rb¨ cvwK¯Zvb 116

†mbvevwnbxi cÖwZ Mfxi kÖ×v Rvbvb| wZwb e‡jb, †Kvb fvj gymjgvbB Z_v Kw_Z Ôevsjv‡`k Av‡›`vj‡bÕi mg_©K n‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb e‡jb, c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b wew”QbœZvev`x‡`i wbg~©j Kivi Rb¨ GKgb I †`k †cÖwgK †jv‡Kiv GK‡G KvR K‡i hv‡”Qb| ivRvKviiv LyeB fvj KvR Ki‡Qb e‡j wZwb D‡j−L K‡ib| knx` ikx` wgbnv‡Ri cÖwZ kÖ×v Rvwb‡q wZwb e‡jb, GB AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi wb`k©b †_‡K Zi“Yiv DcK…Z n‡Z cvi‡e| Ð‰`wbK cwK¯Zvb, 2†m‡Þ¤¦i, 1971| ‰`wbK cvwK¯—vbt 24Ð11Ð1971 ÔAvµgb KivB †`k i¶vi eo †KŠkjÕ `jv`wj fy‡j HK¨e× †nvb t †Mvjvg AvRg

(`wjjcÎt 7g LÛ c„t 701Ð702)

jv‡nvi, 23†k b‡e¤¦i, (Gwcwc)|Ðc~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b Rvgv‡Z Bmjvgxi Avgxi Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg AvRg Rbmvavi‡Yi cÖwZ ivR‰bwZK `jv`wj fy‡j wM‡q Kvh©Ki fv‡e fviZxq nvgjv †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ HKë× nIqvi Avnevb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| `‡ji †K›`ªxq KwgwUi mfvq †hvM`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ GLv‡b †cŠu‡Q wZwb mvsevw`K‡` mv‡_ Avjvc KiwQ‡jb| Zvi mv‡_ c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi ivRm¦ gš¿x gvIjvbv G, †K, Gg BDmyd Ges Rvgv‡Z Bmjvgxi bv‡q‡e Avgxi gvIjvbv Ave`yi iwngI wQ‡jb| c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b me©‡kl fviZxq AvµgY cÖ‡kœ †Mvjvg AvRg e‡jb, GUv †Kvb bZyb NUbv bq| Zdvr n‡jv GB †h, Gev‡ii AvµgYUv Av‡iv eo AvKv‡ii| wZwb e‡jb, †`k‡K i¶vi me‡P‡q eo †KŠkj n‡jv AvµgY Kiv| wZwb G K_v eûevi e‡j‡Qb Ges GLb GUv Av‡iv †ekx mZ¨| wZwb e‡jb, AvZ¥i¶vi †KŠkj kµ‡K Av‡iv †ekx Drmvnx I kw³kvjx K‡i †Zv‡j| fy‡Ævi bvg D‡j−L bv K‡i wZwb e‡jb, †`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x n‡Z B”QyK gvÎ GKRb †jvK `jxq ivRbxwZ Ki‡Qb| fviZxq nvgjvi GB ûgwKi gy‡L wZwb e¨w³MZfv‡e †`‡k RvZxq miKvi MV‡bi c¶cvwZ| Zvi GB mycvwik wZwb Zvi `‡ji †K›`ªxq KwgwU‡Z †ck Ki‡eb e‡j Rvbvb| †Mvjvg AvRg e‡jb, MZ 8 gvm a‡i mxgv‡š—i NUbvejxi ì“b c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi †jvK Lye DwØMœ| wZwb e‡jb, `y¯K…wZKvixiv LyeB mwµq, fviZ cÖKv‡k¨ Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q Ges A¯¿ mieivn Ki‡Q| mš¿vmev`x ZrciZv Pj‡Q Ges cªK…Z †fvU MªnY Kivi Amyweav i‡q‡Q| bqv AwW©b¨v‡Ýi d‡j Av‡iv eû cÖv_x© bvg cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡eb e‡j 117

Avkv Kiv hvq| wegvbe›`‡i fy‡Æv‡K m¤¦a©bv Rvbv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvMZ wecyj msL¨K wccjm cvwU© Kgx© Rvgv‡Z Bmjvgx I Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg AvR‡gi wei“‡× †k−vMvb †`q| mg‡eZ RvgvZ Kgx©ivI cvëv †k−vMvb †`q| Ð‰`wbK cvwK¯Zvb, 24 b‡f¤¦i, 1971|

‰`wbK B‡ËdvKt 2Ð12Ð1971 mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B ¶gZv n¯Zvš—‡ii Avnevb Ð‡Mvjvg AvRg (`wjj cÎ 7g LÛ c„t 704)

ivIqvjwcwÛ, 1jv wW‡m¤¦i (Gwcwc) | Ð c~e© cvwK¯Zvb Rvgv‡Z Bmjvgxi Avgxi Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg AvRg wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡ì Kv‡Q mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© ¶gZv n¯Zvš—i Kivi Rb¨ MZKvj ‡cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi Kv‡Q Aby‡iva RvbvBqv‡Qb Ges ‡cÖwm‡W›U‡K e‡jb †h, c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi RbM‡Yi Av¯nv AR©‡bi Rb¨ ciivóª I A_© `dZ‡ii `vwqZ¡ c~e© cvwK¯Zvbx‡ì nv‡Z w`‡Z nB‡e| ‡cÖwm‡W‡›Ui mwnZ 70 wgwbU Kvj ¯nvqx GK ‰eV‡Ki ci Av‡qvwRZ GK mvsevw`K m‡b¥j‡b Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg AvRg e‡jbt †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui mwnZ ‰eV‡Ki mgq wZwb †cÖwm‡W›U‡K GB g‡g© civgk© w`qv†Qb †h AZx‡Z †h mg¯Z AwePvi Kiv nBqv‡Q †m¸wj `yixf~Z Kiv Ges c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi RbM‡Yi Av¯nv AR©bB nB‡e eZ©gv‡bi cÖavb KZ©e¨| Bnv‡Z †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui mvov cÖ`vb Drmvne¨ÄK ewjqv wZwb gš—e¨ K‡ib| GK cÖ‡kœi DË‡i Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg AvRg e‡jb, †cÖwm‡W›U Zvnv‡K GB g‡g© Avk¦vm cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Qb †h, c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi RbM‡Yi Av¯nv AR©‡bi e¨vcv‡i wZwb Avš—wiKfv‡e cÖ‡Póv PvjvB‡eb| wZwb e‡jb RbM‡Yi eZ©gv‡b cÖavb KvR nB‡Z‡Q †`‡ki cÖwZi¶v I AvÂwjK ALÛZv i¶vq GKwÎZ nIqv| Rbve †Mvjvg AvRg GB g‡g© Avkv cÖKvk K‡ib †h eZ©gvb msKU †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ RbMY mk¯¿ evwnbx‡K c~Y© mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kwi‡eb| Z_vKw_Z gyw³evwnbx‡K kµevwnbx i“‡c AvL¨vwqZ Kwiqv wZwb e‡jb †h Zvnvw`M‡K †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ ivRvKviivB h‡_ó| G cÖm‡½ ivRvKvi‡ì msL¨v e„w× Kivi Rb¨ wZwb Avnevb Rvbvb| Rbve fy‡Æv m¤ú‡K© †Mvjvg AvRg e‡jb †h, cÖexY ivRbxwZwe` Rbve byi“j Avgxb mn Ab¨vb¨ ivR‰bwZK †bZv m¤ú‡K© fy‡Æv †h mKj gš—e¨ Kwiqv‡Qb †m e¨vcv‡i wZwb †cÖwm‡W†›Ui `„wó AvKl©Y Kwiqv‡Qb| Ð‰`wbK B‡IdvK, 2 wW‡m¤¦i, 1971|

118

GB e½f~wg‡Z hy‡M hy‡M †hgb wmivR D` †ÏŠjv, gxig`b, †gvnbjvj,

ZxZygxi, ¶yw`ivg, cÖdzj− PvKx, gvóvi `v m~h©‡mb, cÖxwZjZv Iqv‡Ï`vi Ms Rb¥

Mªnb K‡i‡Q Kwiqv‡Q, hvnv‡`i ¯§„wZ Avgiv AZ¨š— kÖ×vf‡i Mfxi ggË¡‡eva wb‡q m¥iY Kwi, †Zgwb GB †`‡k gxiRvdi Ges Zvnvi DËimyixMYI Rb¥ jBqv‡Q Ges

Zvnviv cÖwZ c‡` c‡` †`‡ki m¦vaxbZv mg¥vb weKvBqv w`qv wMqv‡Q| hvnvi g~j¨ hy‡M hy‡M GB †`k I †`kevmx†KB w`‡Z nBqv‡Q|

(O) MYnZ¨v, AZ¨vPvi wbcxob t

AÎ ixU& †gvKvÏgvwUi `iLv‡¯— Ab¨vb¨ cÖv_©bvmn igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi

†h¯’v‡b 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx AvZ¥mgc©Y KwiqvwQj †mB

¯’vbwU HwZnvwmK M‡Y¨ D³ ¯’vb nB‡Z mKj ¯’vcbv AcmviY KiZt msi¶Y

Kwievi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q|

Bnv m¦xK…Z mZ¨ †h evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv nBqvwQj 1971 m‡bi

26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i Ges kµ‡mbv AvZ¥mgc©Y KwiqvwQj 16B wW‡m¤¦i|

26‡k gvP© gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ nBqv 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L Zvnv mvdj¨gwÛZfv‡e mgvwß jvf KwiqvwQj| wbtm‡›`‡n GB `yBwU NUbv HwZnvwmK|

GB gyw³hy× wQj cÖK…Z c‡¶ evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi hy×| GB hy‡×i mgvwß‡Z Avgiv GKwU m¦vaxb evOvwj ivóª jvf Kwi hvnvi bvg Ôevsjv‡`kÕ| cÖK…Zc‡¶ GB gyw³hy× Ges ivóª wnmv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Af~¨`q c„w_exi

BwZnvm‡KI cÖfvweZ Kwiqv‡Q|

Dc‡i 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©‡bi NUbv eY©bv

Kiv nBqv‡Q wKš‘ GB weRq ïaygvÎ GKw`‡bi NUbv bq ev Hw`b †h K‡qKRb

†Rbv‡ij m¤¦‡Ü D‡j−L Kiv nBqv‡Q ïaygvÎ ZvnvivB H gnvb weR‡qi GKgvÎ

Kzwkje b‡nb| cÖK…Z c‡¶ hy‡×i bqgv‡m †h AMwYZ gvbe mš—vb wbg©gfv‡e cÖvY wemR©b w`qv‡Qb Zvnviv mK‡jB gyw³hy‡×i DcwRe¨, Zvnviv wb‡Riv jvk nBqv,

K¼vj nBqv weRq wè‡mi BwZnvm wewbg©vY Kwiqv‡Qb| Zvnviv wb‡R‡ì Rxeb wemR©b w`qv BwZnvm nBqv‡Qb| AMYxZ evOvwj bvix Zvnv‡ì måg I Rxeb wemR©b w`qv‡Qb| AMYxZ Zi“b, Zi“Yx, hyeK, QvÎ, K…lK, kÖwgK hvnv‡ì hy× m¤¦‡Ü 119

we›`ygvÎ Ávb wQj bv ZvnvivI gyw³hy‡× Rxebcb Kwiqv SuvcvBqv cwoqvwQj|

Zvnv‡`i mg¥y‡L GK fqven hy× A‡c¶v Kwi‡ZwQj| wKš‘ Zvnviv Rxe‡bi cÖwZ

å“‡¶c bv Kwiqv evevÐgv, fvBÐ‡evb, AvZ¥xqÐm¦Rb Ges M„‡ni wbivc` AvkÖq cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv m¤c~Y© AwbwðZ GK fqven hy‡× SvucvBqv c‡o| GB evsjv‡`k

Av‡`Š m¦vaxb nB‡e wK bv ev Zvnviv hy× nB‡Z Av‡`Š wdwi‡Z cvwi‡eb wKbv wKQyB

Zvnviv Rvwb‡Zb bv, me wKQyB AwbwðZ wQj| †`‡ki Rb¨ Zvnv‡ì wbtm¦v_© GB fvjevmv hy³iv‡óªi m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i ‰mwbK‡ì g‡aÏ †`Lv hvq bv| RR©

IqvwksUb‡K Zuvnvi ‰mb¨‡`i †mbvevwnbx nB‡Z cjvqb i¶v Kwi‡Z h‡_ó †eM cvB‡Z nBqvwQj| A_P gyw³ hy‡× Ask MªnY Kwievi Rb¨ nvRvi nvRvi evOvwj Zi“Y m¦Ztù~Z© fv‡e †hvM`vb KwiZ| Zvnv‡`i †mB wbtm¦v_© m‡ev©”P Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q evOvwj RvwZ evsjv‡`k bv‡g GKwU m¦vaxb f~LÛ, GKwU RvZxq cZvKv I RvZxq m½xZ cÖvß nBqv GKwU m¦vaxb ivóª wnmv‡e BwZnv‡m GB me©cÖ_g AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i|

GB m¦vaxb f~ÐLÛ gyw³†hv×v‡ìB Awem¥ibxq `vb| Zuvnvw`M‡K ev` w`qv Kx weRq wèm‡K HwZnvwmK ejv hvB‡e| GgbwK hvnviv evOvwj nBqvI Avgv‡ì GB gnvb gyw³hy‡×i wei“‡× hy× Kwiqv‡Q wei“×vPiY Kwiqv‡Q ZvnvivI ‡bwZevPK wnmv‡e GB

BwZnv‡mi Ask |

GB Kvi‡Y weRq w`e‡mi HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ I Zvrch© mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e Dcjwä

Kwi‡Z nB‡j ïaygvÎ Dc‡ii eY©bv G‡Kev‡iB h‡_ó bq| Avgv‡`i Kx †cÖ¶vc‡U m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv nBj, Kxfv‡e gyw³hy†×i myPbv nBj, Kx cwiw¯nwZ‡Z evsjv‡`k miKvi MVb Ges AvbyôvwbK m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv nBj, Kxfv‡e gyw³ msMªvg cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc cvBj Zvnvi mKj NUbvejx wKQyUv nB‡jI Avgv‡`i Rvwb‡Z nB‡e|

Avgv‡`i Aek¨B we‡ePbv Kwi‡Z nB‡e evsjvi gvbyl cvwK¯—vb m¦vaxb Kwi‡jI

ïaygvÎ wb‡R‡`i m¦vqZ¡kvmb `vex Kwievi Aciv‡a Kxfv‡e MYnZ¨vi m¦xKvi nB‡Z nBj, j¶ j¶ bvix Zvnv‡`i meŸ©©m¦ nvivBj, evsjv‡`‡ki j¶ j¶ gvbe mš—vb

KsKvj nBqv BwZnv‡mi Ask nBqv‡Q| Zvnv‡`i ev` w`qv weRq w`e‡mi HwZnvwmKZv cÖvYnxb cÖnm‡b cwiYZ nB‡e| 120

wb‡æi MYnZ¨v I wbh©vZ‡bi eY©bv cÖK…Z NUbvi Zyjbvq gvÎ mvgvb¨ Ask nB‡jI bgybv wnmv‡e Avgiv we‡ePbvq jBe| D‡j−L¨ †h ewY©Z wewfbœ NUbvejx evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ„©K cÖKvwkZ Ôevsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy× t `wjjcÎÕ

(`wjjcÎ) nB‡Z MªnY Kiv nBqv‡Q|

1971 m‡bi 25/26 gvP© gv‡mi ga¨ivwÎ nB‡Z evsjv‡`‡k †h MYnZ¨v Avi¤¢ nq †m m¤¦‡Ü Major Siddiq Salik Zvnvi Witness to surrernder cy¯—‡K e‡jb †h

‘The gates of hell had been cast open’ | H GKB mgqKvi NUbv jBqv Lt. General

AAK Niazi Zvnvi ‘The Betrayal of East Pakistan’ cy¯—‡K †j‡Lb ‘The military action was a display of stark cruelty, more merciless than the massacres at Bukhara and Baghdad by Chandgez Khan and Halaku Khan, or at Jallianwala Bagh by the British General Dyer.

25/26 gvP© ivwÎ nB‡Z cieZx© bq gvm evsjv‡`†k †h MYnZ¨v, AZ¨vPvi, al©Y cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK evwnbx PvjvBqvwQj Zvnvi †Kvb bwRi c„w_exi BwZnv‡m bvB|

GB mKj RNY¨ Aciva msNwUZ nBqvwQj Bmjv‡gi bv‡g, cvwK¯—vb i¶vi bv‡g hw`I cvwK¯—vb evOvwj‡`iB m„wó|

16B wW‡m¤¦i weRq w`e‡m m¦fveZB Avgiv Avb‡›` D‡ØwjZ nB wKš‘ †mB

Avb‡›`i wcQ‡b iwnqv‡Q j¶ j¶ gvby‡li jvk, i³, KsKvj Akª“,†e`bv| †mB

AvZ©bv‡`i gvÎ mvgvb¨ wKQy Ask wb‡æ eY©bv Kiv nBj|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL RMbœv_ n‡j cvK evwnbxi ‰`wbK c~e©‡`k ‡deªyqvix, 1972 MYnZ¨vi Dci K‡qKwU cÖwZ‡e`b|

nvbv`vi‡`i Ke‡j RMbœv_ njÐ1 cuwP‡ki †mB fq¼i iv‡Z wZwb GKUvbv 19 N›Uv g¨vb‡nv‡j wQ‡jb kÖx cwigj ¸n (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„ t 416Ð417)

wSg& cv wi wi KiZ| Dcvq †bB †ei“evi| Aweivg †Mvjv¸wji kã| gvby‡li AvZ©bv`, Kvbœvi kã, meB Zvi Kv‡b †f‡m AvmwQj| GKUy ci ci wKQy mgq Aš—i Aš—i g¨vb‡nvj †_‡K †Kvb iK‡g MjvUyKz ch©š— †ei K‡i wZwb k¦vmÐ cÖk¦vm wb‡q‡Qb| GK cjK †`‡L wb‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb g¨vb‡nv‡ji evwn‡ii `ywbqvUv‡K, hLb ZLb wefrm nZ¨vjxjv Pj‡Q| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi RMbœv_ n‡ji mvaviY m¤cv`K kÖx cwigj ¸n Avgvi Kv‡Q 25†k gv‡P©i fqvj fq¼i iv‡Îi AwfÁZv eY©bv KiwQ‡jb| wZwb GB `ytm¦c‡bi iv‡Zi GKRb mv¶x n‡q wQ‡jb| g¨vb‡nv‡j †Kvb iK‡g Xy‡K c‡o g„Zy¨ cyixi wbwðZ cwiYvg †_‡K wb‡R‡K A‡bKUv A‡jŠwKK fv‡e i¶v K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb 25†k gvP©© iv‡Z cÖvq 11 Uvi w`‡K Avwg cÖL¨vZ KÚwkíx i_xb iv‡qi j¶xevRvi¯n evmv †_‡K n‡j wdwi| ZL‡bv nvbv`vi mvgwiK evwnbxi †jv‡Kiv nvgjv ïi“ K‡iwb| iv¯—vq iv¯—vq gvbyl m¦Ztù~Z©fv‡e †ewi‡KW ‰Zix Ki‡Qb| Mvox¸‡jv ¶xcÖ MwZ‡Z PjvPj Ki‡Q| b_xb`vi evmv †_‡K iv¯—vq cv evov‡ZB †jvKRb Avgv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb Avcwb †Kv_vq hv‡eb| Avwg RMbœv_ n‡j hve ï‡b mevB Avgv‡K †h‡Z wb‡la Ki‡jb| ej‡jb, kn‡ii Ae¯nv Lye DËß, †h †Kvb mgq mvgwiK evwnbx bvg‡Z cv‡i| wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvB n‡e G‡ì cÖavb j¶¨¯nj| Avcwb hv‡eb bv| kÖx cwigj ¸n e‡j‡Qb, †jvK R‡bi K_v ï‡b Avwg †ek fq †c‡q hvB| fvejvg iv‡Î n‡j wdiebv, n‡j ZLb A‡bK QvÎ| n‡j Ae¯nvbiZ 60/70 Rb Qv‡Îi mv‡_ Avgvi Avjvc n‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì K_v †f‡e Avwg n‡j hvIqvi wm×vš— wbjvg| gi‡j mevB GK mv‡_ gi‡ev Avi evuP‡j mevB GKmv‡_ evuP‡ev| I‡ì‡K I fv‡e †d‡j Avwg wb‡Ri cÖvY i¶v‡K we‡ivax †f‡e n‡j wdwi| ivÎ ZLb cy‡iv 11Uv| Pvwiw`‡K _g _‡g fve| Mvox †Nvov PjvPj eÜ| wbie wb¯—ä| gv‡S gv‡S Kv‡b †f‡m Avm‡Q `~i †_‡K MMb we`vix †k−vMvb ÔÔRq evsjv, evsMvjx †R‡M‡QÐevsMvjx †R‡M‡Q|ÕÕ n‡ji QvÎiv n‡ji †M‡U `vuwo‡q Av‡Qb| mevB fxZ mš¿¯— ! Kv‡iv gy‡L †Kvb K_v †bB| mevB ARvbv AvksKvq k¼Mª¯’| Avwg Zv‡ì‡K cwiw¯nwZ eywS‡q ejjvg| Avgvi K_vq ‡KD wek¦vm Ki‡jv bv| †KD ej‡jb Avgv‡ì Dci nvgjv Kivi †Kvb KviY †bB| Gici cÖvq 25 Rb QvÎ n‡ji evwn‡i wbivc` ¯nv‡b AvkÖq †bevi Rb¨ Zr¶Yvr nj Z¨vM Ki‡jb| Rvwbbv Zviv GLb †Kv_vq? mwZ¨B wK wbivc` n‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb, bv nvbv`vi‡ì †jvgnl©K nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wkKvi n‡qwQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì n‡j cvK evwnbx AvµgY K‡i ivZ mv‡o eviUvq| Gi Av‡MB Avgiv Pvwiw`‡K †Mvjv¸wji AvIqvR cvw”Qjvg| 122

‡mw`b Avgiv ivB‡d‡ji ¸wji kã ïwbwb| ï‡bwQjvg †gwkbMvb, gU©vi †kwjs I gv‡S g‡a¨ U¨v‡¼i cÖPÛ kã| Avgv‡ì n‡j ‰mb¨ cÖ‡e‡ki Av‡M Avgiv hviv n‡j wQjvg Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD n‡ji Qv‡` DV‡jv, †KD †KD mv‡f©›Um †KvqvU©v‡i, Avevi †KD †KD wb‡R‡ì i“‡gB AvZ¥‡Mvcb Kivi †Póv Ki‡jv| Avwg wcQ‡bi w`‡Ki †Wª‡bi ga¨ w`‡q mv‡f©›Um †KvqvU©v‡ii w`‡K †Mjvg| nvbv`vi ‰mbïv ZLb n‡j Xy‡K c‡o‡Q| Avwg †`Ljvg Zviv cÖwZwU i“g Zbœ Zbœ K‡i L~uR‡Q| Avgvi Kv‡b ¸wji kã †cŠuQvw”Qj| Avwg wcQ‡bi w`K w`‡q †ei“jvg| ax‡i ax‡i mv‡f©›Um †KvqvU©v‡ii †Wª‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q †Mjvg| nvbv`vi ‰mbïv n‡j Xy‡K c‡o‡Q| Avwg ZL‡bv g¨vb‡nv‡j Xy‡K cwowb| †`Ljvg ‰mbïv Zbœ Zbœ K‡i cÖwZwU i“g LuyR‡Q| n‡j evwZ †bB| nj Avµg‡Yi Av‡MB we`y¨r †hvMv‡hvM wQbœ K‡i w`‡qwQj Iiv| ZeyI †`LwQjvg QvÎ‡ì a‡i Iiv weRq Dj−v‡m †d‡U coZ, KL‡bv †e`g cÖnvi Ki‡Zv Avevi KL‡bv a‡i wb‡q AvmZ| Gi gv‡SB KvQ †_‡K ¸wji kã Kv‡b Avm‡jv| ¸wji k‡ã Avgvi Aš—i AvZ¥v †K‡cu DV‡jv| Gi c‡i Avwg g¨vb‡nv‡j XywK| ZLb ivZ cÖvq 1Uv| 26‡k gvP©| mKv‡j †fv‡ii m~h© DV‡jv| Avwg g¨vb‡nv‡j| mvivw`b g¨vb‡nv‡j _vKjvg| mvivw`b Avgvi Kv‡b ïay †Mvjv¸wj Avi gvby‡li AvZ¥ Kvbœv †f‡m Avm‡Q ev G‡m‡Q| w`b Mwo‡q mÜ¨v n‡jv| Avi cviv hvq bv| 19 N›Uv ci Avwg cÖvY nv‡Z wb‡q iv¯—vq ¸‡b ¸‡b cv evovB| †Ìqvj UcwK‡q wbKUeZ©x óvd †KvqvU©v‡i hvB| cÖ‡dmi m‡š—vl fÆvPv‡h©i evmvq AvkÖq †bB| ‰`wbK c~e©‡`k, 16 †deªyqvwi, 1972

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq AvevwmK GjvKvq ‰`wbK evsjv 19 Rvbyqvwi, 1971 cvKevwnbxi nZ¨vwfhvb|

cuwP‡k gvP© I Zvi ciw`bÐ \ gbRyi nvmvb \ (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„ t 435Ð439)

Nywg‡q c‡owQjvg knx` wgbv‡ii mvg‡b 34 b¤¦‡ii GK Zjvi d−vU evwo‡Z| Avgv‡`i G wewìs Gi cwðg w`‡Ki wZbZjvq cwimsL¨vb wefv‡Mi Aa¨¶ Rbve gwbi“¾vgvb †m iv‡Î weQvbvq †h‡qI Ny‡gv‡Z cv‡ibwb, GK_v Zvui ¯¿xi Kv‡Q †kvbv| w`b KZK Av‡M GLv‡b iv¯—vq MvQ †d‡j †h e¨vwi‡KW †`qv n‡qwQj †mbv evwnbxi GK`j cÖ_‡g Zv ‡K‡U mwi‡q w`‡Z Av‡m| 123

‡mB me Wvjcvjv KvUvi kã nw”Qj| Gi wKQy ciB cvK ‰m‡bï wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvq Avµgb ïi“ nq| QvÎvevm ¸‡jvi w`K †_‡K ‰mb¨‡ì †Mvjv¸jxi AvIqv‡R gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡ne Aw¯’i n‡q D‡Vb Ges e`bvq cvwb wb‡q ci ci wZbevi IRy K‡ib| Ggb mgq RMbœv_ n‡ji Kv‡Q M‡R© I‡V ee©i cvK ‰mb¨‡ì †Mvjvi AvIqvR| Pvicv‡k †Mvjv¸wji k‡ã Avgvi Nyg †f‡½ hvq Ges ci gyû‡Z© wek¦we`¨vjq †gwW‡Kj †m›Uv‡ii cv‡kB g‡b n‡jv †ZvcaŸwbi AvIqvR| Avwg †h N‡i NygvZvg, Zvi c~‡e©© wek¦we`¨vjq †gwW‡Kj †m›Uvi, Zvi `w¶‡Y knx` wgbvi| †mB AvIqv‡Ri m‡½ m‡½ Ni Av‡jvwKZ n‡q D‡V gyû‡Z©i R‡b¨| Avwg weQvbv †_‡K †g‡S‡Z Mwo‡q cwo| Avgvi †Q‡jwU‡K Avwg Avi Avgvi ¯¿x †g‡S‡Z ïB‡q †P‡c a‡i ivwL| †QvU †Q‡j f‡q GKevi k³ n‡q hvw”Qj Avi ï‡q †_‡K ïay Kvu`wQj| Avwg †g‡S‡Z c‡o †_‡K K‡qK gyû‡Z© wPš—v Ki‡Z †Póv KiwQjvg, wK n‡jv ? Pviw`‡K AbeiZ †Mvjv¸wji kã Avi iv¯—v w`‡q fvix Mvox Pjvi kã cvw”Qjvg| wVK Ggb mgq RMbœv_ n‡ji c~e© w`‡K Avgv‡ì 34 bs evoxi †M‡Ui wfZ‡i wZbwU wgwjUvix Mvox †Xv‡K| ZviciB A‡bK fvix ey‡Ui kã Ges Avgv‡ì ìRvq jvw_ I av°v ïi“ nqÐ ÔìRv †Lvj, ìRv †LvjÕ| wVK Gi ciB me d¬v‡Ui ìRvq jvw_ gviv Avi¤¢ n‡q †M‡Q Ges me evoxi Kwjs †ej ¸‡jv Iiv evRv‡”Q| gv, †ev‡biv, Ges †QvU fvBwU Ab¨ Ni †_‡K Qy‡U Avgvi N‡i G‡jv| gv ej‡jb, ÔevevÕ Iw`K w`‡q †`Ljvg, wgwjUvixiv evox wN‡i †d‡j‡Q Avi wewìs Gi †Uwj‡dv‡bi jvBb¸‡jv †K†U w`j| Avgvi N‡i mKj‡K †g‡S‡Z ï‡q †h‡Z ejjvg| gv‡K ejjvg ÔIiv hw` ìRv †f‡½ Av‡m Zvn‡j AvmyK, ìRv Lyje bv Avgiv|Õ evox‡Z Avgvi eqmx GK AvZ¥xq wQ‡jb, Dwb GB mgq wewìs Gi wfZ‡i evuPvi Avkv Z¨vM K‡i ej‡Z jvM‡jb, ÔAvwg R½‡j †Sv‡ci g‡a¨ †h‡q jyKv‡evÕ Ges d¬vU †Q‡o wcQb w`K w`‡q evB‡i †h‡Z D`¨Z n‡jb| Avwg Avi gv I‡K Rvc‡U aijvg| Dwb eviv›`vi †bU wQu‡o †dj‡Z D`¨Z n‡jb| gv Avi Avwg I‡K Rwo‡q a‡i ejjvg, Ôhw` Avgiv g‡i hvB mevB GK mv‡_ g‡i hv‡evÕ| Ggb mgq `y‡Uv ‰mb¨ Avgv‡ì Rvbvjvi cvk w`‡q †`Šu‡o G‡m d¬¨v‡Ui †cQ‡bi ìRvq `vuwo‡q †Mj| ìRvwU wQj evMv‡b hvevi R‡b¨ Lye Kg gReyZ GKUv c−vBDW w`‡q evbv‡bv ìRv| Avgiv eviv›`v †_‡K g~û‡Z© N‡i XyKjvg; wKš‘ Avgvi N‡ii ìRv jvMvevi mvnm n‡jv bv hw` kã n‡q hvq| Gi Aí ciB ‰mb¨ `y‡Uv P‡j †Mj cv‡ki cwðg w`‡K GK Zjvi d¬¨v‡Ui wcQ‡b, m¤¢eZt Iw`KKvi ìRv Ly‡j †djvi AvIqvR ï‡b| Avwg ìRv jvwM‡q w`‡q †g‡S‡Z ï‡q cojvg| 124

g„Zy¨ Avmbœœ g‡b n‡jv, Avgiv mK‡j Avj−vn‡K m¥iY Ki‡Z jvMjvg| ZZ¶‡Y Avgv‡ì ìRvq jvw_ gviv †_‡gwQj wKš‘ Avevi ïi“ n‡jv Ô†Lvj †LvjÕ Avi jvw_| fvix ey‡Ui `yo`vg K‡i wmuwo w`‡q IVv bvgvi k‡ãi gv‡S †Rv‡i ïb‡Z †cjvg gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei Mjvi AvIqvRÐ jvBjvnv Bj−vj−vû gynvg¥v`yi ivmyjyj−vn| Pvi ÐcvuPevi ïb‡Z †cjvg Dbvi K‡jgv covi kã, Zvici nVvr †_‡g †M‡jb †hb| evB‡i Pvwiw`‡K †Mvjv¸jxi AvIqvRÐ Gi ciB Avgv‡ì evB‡ii ìRvi Dci ¸wj n‡jv, Avi K‡qKUv eyKdvUv AvZ©bv` †f‡m G‡jv| 12/14 ivDÛ ¸wji kã ïbjvg| g‡b n‡jv, †g‡i †dj‡jvÐ g‡i †Mj gvbyl| ivZ ZLb †òUv| Zvici Avgv‡ì wewìs G me wKQy wb¯—ä n‡q †Mj| wgwbU `‡kK c‡i ïbjvg Wt †R¨vwZg©q ¸nVvKziZvi PxrKvi, Ôevmš—xÐ†`vjv|Õ wZwb ¯¿x I †g‡qi bvg a‡i †W‡K D‡VwQ‡jb| wewìs Gi mvg‡b Zvu‡K ¸jx Kiv n‡qwQj| Dwb Nv‡mi Dci c‡owQ‡jb| Wt †R¨vwZg©q 25†k gv‡P©i ciI K‡qKw`b RxweZ wQ‡jb Ges 27†k gv‡P©i mKv‡j Zvu‡K †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡R †bqv nq| gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei d¬v‡Ui ìRv †f‡½ wM‡qwQj wgwjUvixi ey‡Ui av°vq| gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x, Ges Zuvi †evb, †R¨vwZg©q eveyi Mjvi AvIqvR ï‡b cvwb wb‡q bx‡P bvgwQ‡jb| Zvuiv wZbZjv †_‡K Avwg©‡ì P‡j †h‡Z †`‡L‡Qb Ges ZL‡bv eyS‡Z cv‡ibwb †h bx‡P Zvu‡ì evoxi †jvKRb‡ì GKZjvi ìRvi Dci nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb G‡ió K‡i wb‡q P‡j †Mj| bx‡P bvg‡ZB †`L‡Z †c‡jb GK fqven `„k¨| gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei †lvj eQ‡ii †Q‡ji ZLb Awš——g gyûZ©| †m K‡ó e‡jwQj Ôgv cvwb `vIÕ| gy‡L cvwb †èvi ci †m GK gyL nvwm wb‡q g„Zyï †Kv‡j X‡j c‡o| †Q‡ji cv‡k c‡o wQ‡jb gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡ne, Zvui cÖvq 30 eQi eq¯‹ †QvU fvB Ges 14 eQ‡ii fvM‡bwU| GB PviRb knx‡ì i‡³i Ici w`‡q †nu‡U †h‡q gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x †R¨vwZg©q eveyi gy‡L cvwb †`b| c~e© w`‡Ki †`vZjvq Aa¨vcK Avãyi iv¾vK mv‡ne †`L‡Z cvb Avwg© P‡j †M‡Q Ges †R¨vwZg©q eveyi Mjvi AvIqvR †kvbv †Mj wewìs Gi mvg‡b Nv‡mi Ici †_‡K| ZLb iv¾vK mv‡n‡ei evmv †_‡K GKRb †jvK bx‡P bvg‡Z †h‡q GKZjvi ìRvq GB fqven `„k¨ †`‡L N‡i Xy‡K c‡o| Gi ci iv¾vK mv‡ne Zvu‡K wb‡q bx‡P †b‡g Av‡mb| G mgq †R¨vwZg©q eveyi ¯¿x, mvi‡f›U †KvqvU©vi †_‡K Zvui WªvBfvi‡KI †W‡K G‡bwQ‡jb| Zvuiv K‡qKRb aivawi K‡i cwðg w`‡Ki GKZjvq †R¨vwZg©q evey‡K Zvui d¬v‡U wb‡q hvb| wVK GB mgq Avevi wewìs Gi †M‡Ui Kv‡Q Avwg© G‡m c‡o| Gi Av‡MB iv¾vK mv‡ne †`vZjvq Zvui N‡i Xy‡K c‡owQ‡jb Ges 125

mK‡jB ìRv eÜ K‡i ‡d‡jb | evoxi evMv‡b †ei“evi ‡cQb w`‡Ki ìRv w`‡q ‰mbïv ‡R¨vwZg©q eveyi d−v‡U †Xv‡K Ges Zvu‡K Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i wb‡q hvq | GK_v Zvui KvQ †_‡K †kvbv| 27‡k gvP© †R¨vwZg©q eveyi ¯¿xi m‡½ †gwWK¨v‡j †`Lv nq Ges Zvu‡K mv‡_ K‡i Wt†R¨vwZg©q eveyi †e‡Wi cv‡k †h‡q `vuovB| ‡`‡LwQjvg Zvui Nv‡oi Kv‡Q ¸wj †j‡M Gw`K †_‡K Iw`K w`‡q †ewi‡q †M‡Q Ges Wvb nvZ I Wvb cv Aek n‡q †M‡Q| Ávb m¤ú~Y© wQj Ges Lye fv‡jv fv‡e ZLb Avgvi mv‡_ K_v ejwQ†jb| g‡bi †Rvo ZL‡bv AUyyU wQj | e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔÔivBU mvBWUv †civjvBR&W wKš‘ †ek envj Zweq‡ZB AvwQÕÕ| Dwb e‡jwQ‡jb †h bvg wRÁvmv Kivi ciB Zvu‡K ¸jx Kiv nq| Gici Avi¤¢ n‡jv Avgv‡ì wewìs Gi DIi w`‡K cÖvq wek MR `~‡i mwjgyj−vn gymwjg n‡ji cÖ‡fv‡ói evoxi ìRv fv½vi †Póv | Ô‡Lvj †Lvj, ìRv †LvjÕÐ Avi ìRvq jvw_, av°v| wKQy¶Y Pj‡jv, Zvici †_‡g †Mj| Zviv evKx ivwÎUyKzi g‡a¨ ILv‡b cyi‡bv w`‡bi gReyZ ìRv †Lvjvi Av‡iv `yevi †Póv Pvjvq| Pvwiw`‡K AbeiZ ¸jxi kã| †fvi n‡jv| †_‡K †_‡K Avk cv‡k ¸jxi kã n‡”Q| mKvj 9ÕUvi w`‡K knx` wgbv‡ii Kv‡Q GKUv ¶xY gvBK w`‡q GK Aev½vjx evsjv‡Z ej‡jv, ÔAvcbviv evoxi evB‡i †ei“‡ebbv, Avcbv‡ì †NivI Kiv n‡q‡Q|Õ†g‡S‡Z ï‡q wb‡R wb‡R g‡b Kijvg nqZ KviwdD Gi evsjv ZiRgv Ki‡Z †h‡q Ô‡NivIÕ ej‡jv| gb‡K cÖ‡eva w`jvg, KviwdDÐGi K_vB nqZ ej‡Q| Gi N›UvLv‡b‡Ki ci GZ N›Uvi cwiwPZ †Mvjv¸wji AvIqv‡Ri e¨wZµg NwU‡q knx` wgbv‡ii Kv‡Q GKUv †Rvi kã n‡jv| g‡b n‡jv nvZ †evgv| Aí¶‡Yi g‡a¨ N‡i evi“‡ì MÜ †f‡m Avm‡jv, ìRvi bx‡P ìRvi mvgvb¨ dvuK w`‡q †cvov Kvc‡oi gZ QvB D‡o G‡m co‡Z jvM‡jv| G nvZ †evgvi inm¨ D`NvUb n‡qwQj cvwj‡q †h Mªv‡g AvkÖq wb‡qwQjvg, †mB a‡jk¦ix b`xi Icv‡i GK †jv‡Ki KvQ ‡_‡K| †m Avgv‡K Mªv‡g †`L‡Z †c‡q Rwo‡q a‡i †Ku‡` †d‡j| KviY †mI A‡b‡Ki gZ ï‡bwQj, cÖ‡dmi Avãyj nvB‡qi d¨vwgwji mK‡jB H wewìsÐG 25‡k gv‡P©i iv‡Î gviv †M‡Q|Õ GB †jvKwU n‡jv nv‡mg | Avgv‡ì 34 b¤¦i wewìsÐGi c~e© w`‡Ki wZb Zjvi d−v‡U Rvg©vb cÖ‡dmi Iqv›Uvi †kv‡qwài †m eveywP© wQj| Zvi Rxe‡bi Pig g~û‡Z© †mB 25‡k gv‡P©i iv‡ZB ‡K‡U †M‡Q| Zvu‡K `vuo Kiv‡bv n‡qwQj Aa¨vcK gwbi“¾vgvb, Zvi †Q‡j, fvB, fvM‡bi m‡½ ¸jx K‡i nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨| Avwg© Awdmvi ¸jx Kivi ûKzg w`‡ZB ¸wji c~e©¶‡Y †m wPrKvi w`‡q c‡i hvqÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐZvi c‡iB KZK¸‡jv ¸jx n‡q †M‡QÐ Zvi kix‡ii Dci jywU‡q c‡o‡Q A‡bïv| 126

¸jx †kl K‡i ee©i cïiv g„Z †`‡ni Dci jvw_ †g‡iwQj Ges nv‡m‡gi †Kvg‡o ey‡Ui cÖPÛ evwo gv‡i| Zvici Zviv †mLvb †_‡K m‡i †h‡ZB nv‡kg D‡V `vuuovq Ges Qy‡U wZbZjvq †h‡q ìRv eÜ K‡i| Zvi mg¯— Rvgvq i³ †j‡M †M‡QÐ †m eyS‡Z cviwQj bv Zvi †Kv_vq ¸jx †j‡M‡Q| Rvgv Ly‡j nv‡kg Zvi kixiUv cix¶v K‡i †`‡L †h ¸jx jv‡M wb| Avwg nv‡kg‡K wRÁvmv Kivq e‡jwQj †h †m Nyg KvZy‡i Ges hLb ìRvq Kwjs †ej evRvq, gvÎ ZLb Zvi Nyg fv‡½ Ges Avgiv †KD †ej evRvw”Q g‡b K‡i †m Ny‡gi †Nv‡i ìRv ‡Lv‡j| Lyj‡ZB †mbv evwnbxi †jvK mv¶vr Rg`~‡Zi gZ ga¨ eqmx †MvjMvj nv‡k‡gi Rvgvi Kjvi †P‡c a‡i e‡jÐ Ô‡Zvg cÖ‡dmi †nv?Õ nv‡kg e‡j D‡V, ÔRvg©vb mveKv bIKi ûuÕ| wb‡g‡l Zv‡ì K‡qKRb d¬¨v‡U Xy‡K c‡o| †h Zvi Kjvi a‡iwQ‡jv †m c‡K‡U nvZ w`‡q e‡j, ÔRq evsjvKv †dv‡Uv n¨vq?Õ Zvi c‡K‡U K‡qKUv †eZ‡bi GKkÕ UvKvi †bvU wQj| Rvg©vb cÖ‡dmi nv‡kg‡K Zvi AvMvgx wZb gv‡mi †eZb w`‡q e¨v¼K P‡j wM‡qwQj| ‡bvU ¸‡jv nv‡Z wb‡q Qyu‡o ‡d‡j †`q †g‡S‡Z| e‡j Ôkvjv †Zvg i“wc‡q †j‡K †Kqv K‡iv‡M, Avwf †Zvg‡K ¸jx K‡i‡½Õ| e‡jB wno wno K‡i I‡K bx‡P bvwg‡q Av‡b Ges `yRb I‡K a‡i iv‡L| Gi ciB †m †`L‡Z cvq gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡ne Ges Zuuvi evmvi Ab¨vb¨‡ì a‡i wb‡q Avm‡Z| k¦¦kª“avix gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡ne D”Pm¦‡i Kjgv cowQ‡jbÐGgb mgq Dbv‡K P‡cUvNvZ K‡i GK cvÄvex ‰mb¨| Gi ci gyû‡Z© ¸jx Kiv nq ! ‡mB nv‡kg hLb g„Zyï nvZ †_‡K Qy‡U G‡m `g †d‡jwQj ZLb Avevi ïb‡Z cvq wewìsÐG wgwjUvix Avmvi kã| Gi wKQy c‡i †K †hb Zvi d¬¨v‡Ui ìRvq KvZiv‡Z _v‡K| I g‡b K‡iwQj nqZ G wewìsÐGi †KD AvnZ Ae¯nvq ìRvi Kv‡Q G‡m‡Q| wmuwo‡Z Av‡jv R¡jwQj| nv‡kg Kv‡Vi ìRvi wQ`ªc‡_ †`‡L, GK ‰mb¨ A¯¿ nv‡Z ìRvi cv‡k e‡m Awfbq Ki‡Q| nv‡kg Qy‡U eviv›`vi cÖv‡š— hvq Ges gkvgvwQ bv †XvKvi cvZjv †bU wKQyUv wQu‡o †d‡j ‰Zix n‡q hvq wZbZjv †_‡K jvd †èvi R‡b¨| wKš‘ †kl ch©š— cvK †mbviv IB d¬v‡Ui ìRv fv½vi †Póv K‡iwb| G nv‡k‡gi KvQ †_‡KB ZLwb †kvbv, knx` wgbv‡ii AfvweZ `„‡kï K_v| ‡ejv ZLb `kUvi gZ| nv‡kg e‡j Pj‡jv, Avwg jywK‡q wZbZjv †_‡K knx` wgbv‡ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q †`LwQÐPviRb cvÄvex ‰mb¨ knx` wgbv‡ii Ici `vuwo‡q Avgv‡ì wewìs Gi w`‡K gyL K‡i Av‡QÐÐÐGgb mgq wK n‡q †Mj †mLv‡bÐÐ‡evgv ‡d‡U †Mj, nvZ †evgv| ‡avqv, Avi knx` wgbv‡ii †cQb w`‡K `y‡Uv †jvK Qy‡U cvwj‡q †Mj| †`Lv †Mj †mgyû‡Z© `yRb ‰mb¨ knx` wgbvi †_‡K †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡Ri †gv‡oi UªvwdK jvB‡Ui w`‡K †`Š‡o cvjv‡jv| K‡qK wgwbU c‡iB G‡jv GKUv Mvox| knx` wgbv‡ii Ici c‡owQj `y‡Uv 127

wgwjUvixi jvk| †m MvoxwU giv ‰mb¨ `y‡Uvi A¯¿¸‡jv wb‡q P‡j †Mj| K‡qK wgwbU ci Avi GKwU Mvox G‡jv Ges jvk `y‡Uv‡K wb‡q P‡j †Mj| †m w`b wQj 26‡k gvP©, ïµevi| knx` Aa¨vcK gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei ¯¿xi KvQ †_‡K ï‡bwQÐ ‡h, 26‡k gv‡P© ïµevi Zvui d¬¨v‡U evi cvu‡PK cvK †mbviv †Xv‡K Ges ej‡Z _v‡K ÔAvIi GK Av`gx n¨vq I wKavi n¨vq ?Õ Dbviv Rvbvb †h eo cyi“l gvbyl Avi †KD RxweZ †bB| ZLb Zvuiv mg¯Z Ni ZbœÐZbœ K‡i †Lvu‡R Ges wRwbl cÎ ZQbQ K‡i †d‡j| nqZ GB Aci GK Av`gx wQj nv‡kg| gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x I nv‡kg GB wewìs Gi wZbZjv †_‡K RMbœv_ n‡ji gv‡V eyjWRvi w`‡q MZ© K‡i eû g„Z‡`n †m M‡Z© †d‡j w`‡Z †`‡LwQ‡jb| iv¾vK mv‡n‡ei m‡½I Mªv‡g GKw`b †`Lv nq, DwbI eyjWRvi w`‡q MZ© K‡i jvk cyu‡Z †djvi K_v e‡jb| gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x aiv Mjvq e‡jwQ‡jb, Avwg eviv›`vq `vuwo‡q wQjvg| we‡Kj †ejv Avwg© †MÄx civ 12/14 eQ‡ii Pvi‡U †Q‡j wb‡q G‡m gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei jvk Uvwb‡q wb‡q †Mj M‡Z©i ILv‡b| ZLb †evanq Avi jvk gv‡V wQjbv| †Q‡j PviwU‡K M‡Z©i cv‡k jvBb K‡i Iiv ¸jx K‡iwQj|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL gqbvgwZ K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U cvK ‰`wbK evsjv 21 Rvbyqvwi I 3 evwnbxi nZ¨vh‡Ái Ici `ywU ‡deªyqvwi, 1972 cÖwZ‡e`b |

gqbvgwZ K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U ax‡ib `Ë I †jt K‡Y©j Rvnv½xi mn kZ kZ evsMvjx‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq \ mvLvIqvZ Avjx Lvb cÖ`Ë \

(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„ t 456Ð458)

25‡k gv‡P©i Kv‡jviv‡Z Rj−v` Bqvwnqv `Lj`vi evwnbx evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi Dci Svwc‡q covi ci Kzwgj−vi gqbvgwZ K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U wK N‡UwQj ? D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †h nvbv`vi evwnbx †h mg¯— K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U me‡P‡q †ekx nZ¨vhÁ Pvwj‡qwQj, gqbvgwZ Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| gqbvgwZ K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U †h mg¯— evsMvjx mvgwiK Awdmvi I †RvIqvb AvUKv c‡owQ‡jb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cÖvq ‡KDB †ewi‡q Avm‡Z cv‡ibwb| evsMvjx mvgwiK Awdmvi‡`i cZœxiv †KD †KD †ewi‡q Avm‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb, wKš‘ ZvivI e›`x Ae¯nvq _vKvq cÖK…Z NUbvi K_v †ekx Rvb‡Z cv‡ibwb| Kv‡RB A‡bK †¶‡ÎB gqbvgwZ NUbv m¤ú‡K© RbMY‡K Rbkª“wZ Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| gqbvgwZi gZ Kvwe¨K bv‡gi GKwU 128

¯nv‡b bi wckvPiv †h bviKxq nZ¨vjxjv Pvwj‡qwQj, Zvi cÖZ¨¶`kx© 1 Rbvi KvQ †_‡K Avgiv †mLvbKvi NUbvi weeiY †c‡qwQ| G `yR‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb n‡”Qb, mv‡eK cvwK¯—vbx †Mvj›`vR evwnbxi †m‡KÛ †jd‡Ub¨v›U Bgvgy¾vgvb Ges Aci Rb n‡”Qb gqbvgwZ K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui †emvgwiK Kg©Pvix kÖx igbx †gvnb kxj| kÖx igbx†gvnb kxj K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U †¶Ši Kg© Ki‡Zb | cÖ_‡gv³ †jd‡Ub¨v›U Bgvg †eu‡P‡Qb m¤ú~Y© A‡jŠwKK fv‡e| wZwb Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h, Zvi †eu‡P _vKvi Ges gyw³ msMªv‡g Ask Mªn‡Yi K_v Zvi evev †hb GL‡bv wek¦vm Ki‡Z Pvb bv|

‡gvt mv‡ne Avjx myBcvi BÝ‡c±i, XvKv ‡cŠimfv, XvKv|

(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ, c„ t 35Ð38)

Avwg 1961 mb †_‡K XvKv ‡cŠimfvi Aax‡b myBcvi BÝ‡c±i wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiwQ| 1971 m‡bi 25‡k gvP© Avwg Avgvi myBv‡ii `j wb‡q `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i mÜ¨vq 45/1, cÖmbœ †cvÏvi †jbw¯nZ Avgvi wØZxq ¯¿xi evox‡Z Ae¯nvb KiwQjvg| ivZ bqUvi w`‡K Avwg XvKv Bswjk †iv‡Wi w`‡K †ei n‡q †`Ljvg iv¯ZvNvU Pvwiw`‡K _g_‡g, mKj cÖKvi hvbevnb `ªyZ Mš— e¨¯n‡ji w`‡K †h‡Z †`Ljvg| QvÎ RbZv‡K iv¯Zvq iv¯Zvq †ewi‡KW ‰Zix Ki‡Z †`Ljvg| cÖwZ‡iva ‰Zix‡Z e¨¯Z QvÎ RbZvi wbKU Rvb‡Z cvijvg XvKv †mbvwbevm †_‡K cvK †mbviv ivRavbx XvKvi w`‡K mvgwiK UªvK wb‡q GwM‡q Avm‡Q| cvK cï‡`i cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ QvÎ RbZvi G cÖ‡Póv I cÖqvm| Avwg mewKQy †`‡L AZ¨š— fvivµvš— g‡b evmvq P‡j †Mjvg| ivZ mv‡o GMv‡ivUvi w`‡K ivRvievM cywjk jvBb, cywjk †nW‡KvqvU©vi, cywjk Awdm I gvwjevM, †Mv‡q›`v Awd‡mi w`‡K AvKvk dvUv †Mvjv¸wji fxlY M¾©b ï‡b Avwg Nyg †_‡K †R‡M D‡V †`Ljvg ivRavbxi DË‡i ew¯Z GjvKv R¡j‡Q| ivRvievM †_‡K †Mvjv¸wji kã †kvbvi mgq XvKv kvLvixevRvi cÖ‡ek c‡_ eveyevRvi duvox‡Z fxlY †kwjs Gi M¾©b ïbjvg| Avwg wbKUeZ©x bqvevRvi myBcvi K‡jvbxi †`vZjvq `vuwo‡q PZyw`©‡K †Mvjv¸wji fxlY M¾©b ïbjvg| 26‡k gvP© AwZ cÖËy¨‡l Avwg myBcvi K‡jvbxi †`vZjv †_‡K †`Š‡o †b‡g eveyevRvi duvwo‡Z wM‡q †`Ljvg duvwoi cÖ‡ek c_, wfZ‡i, †Pqv‡i e‡m, Dcyo n‡q c‡o _vKv `kRb cywj‡ki BDwbdig civ ¸wji AvNv‡Z 129

SuvRov ¶Zwe¶Z i³v³ jvk c‡o Av‡Q| Avwg duvwoi wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i †`Ljvg dvwoi Pvwiw`‡K †Ìqvj nvRv‡iv ¸wji AvNv‡Z SvuRov n‡q Av‡Q| †Ìqv‡ji Pvwiw`‡K †g‡S‡Z Pvc Pvc i³, ZvRv i³ RgvU n‡q Av‡Q, †`Ljvg †KD wRf †ei K‡i c‡o Av‡Q, †KD nvZ cv Uvbv w`‡q Av‡Q, cÖwZwU jv‡ki cweÎ †`‡n AmsL¨ ¸wji AvNvZ| gvbeZvi Aegvbbv I jvÂbvi exfrm `„k¨ †`‡L Avwg GKwU †VjvMvox‡Z K‡i mKj jvk XvKv wgU‡dvW© nvmcvZv‡j jvk N‡i †i‡L Avevi †VjvMvox wb‡q kuvLvix evRv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i G‡Kev‡i c~e©w`‡K XvKv RR‡Kv‡U©i †Kv‡Y †nv‡U‡ji msjMœ iv¯Zvq `kwU dwKi wgmwKb I wiKmvi †givgZKvix wgw¯¿i Dj½ I Aa© Dj½ jvk DVvjvg| †Kvb wn›`yi jvk Avwg iv¯Zvq cvB bvB| meKqwU jvk gymjgv‡b wQj| iv¯Zvq c‡o _vKv ¸wj‡Z SuvRov `kwU jvk ‡VjvMvox‡Z Zy‡j Avwg wgW‡dvW© wb‡q wM‡qwQ| gymjgv‡bi jvk Gfv‡e iv¯Zvq c‡o _vK‡Z †Ìqv hvq bv| ZvB Avgiv ¯nvbxq QvÎ RbZv mevB wg‡j jvk ¸wj Zy‡j wgU‡dv‡W© Rgv K‡iwQ| ivRavbx XvKvi me©Î Kvdz© _vKv m‡Z¡I MYnZ¨vi †mB exfrm `„k¨ †`Lvi Rb¨ QvÎ RbZv iv¯Zvq iv¯Zvq †ei n‡q co‡j cvK‡mbviv †NvlYv K‡i XvKvq Kvdy© ejer i‡q‡Q †KD iv¯Zvq †ei n‡j ¸wj Kiv n‡e| cvK‡mbv‡ì G †NvlYvi ci Avgiv m‡i cojvg| w`‡bi †k‡l †ejv cvuPUvi mgq ZvuwZevRvi, kuvLvix evRvi Ges †KvU© nvDm wóªU GjvKvq cvK †mbviv Av¸b awi‡q †`q| mv‡_ mv‡_ Pj‡Z _v‡K e„wói gZ Aweivg ¸wj el©Y| mvivivZ cvK †mbviv ZvuwZevRvi, kuvLvixevRvi I †Mvqvj bMi GjvKvq Aweivg ¸wj el©Y Ki‡Z _v‡K| 1971 m‡bi 27‡k gvP© †ejv GKUvq mgq cvK †mbviv bIqvecyi †_‡K Bswjk †iv‡Wi evwYR¨ GjvKvi iv¯—vi `yw`‡Ki mKj †`vKvbcv‡U Av¸b awi‡q †`q| †ejv wZbUv ch©š— Bswjk †iv‡Wi iv¯— vi `yw`‡K Av¸b R¡j‡Z _v‡K| Av¸‡bi †mB †jwjnvb wkLvq cvk¦©eZux GjvKvi RbZv AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ cvjv‡Z _v‡K| cvjv‡Z wM‡q cvK‡mbv‡ì ¸wji AvNv‡Z A‡b‡K cÖvY nvivq| †ejv wZbUvq cvK †mbviv ZvuwZevRv‡ii evwni c_ I gvwjev‡Mi cy‡ji cwðg cv‡k¦© wn›`y gw›`‡ii Dci †kwjs K‡i gw›ìwU aŸsm K‡i †`q| Bswjk †iv‡Wi Av¸b evmv‡ev GjvKv AwZµg K‡i myBcvi K‡jvbxi w`‡K †a‡q Avm‡Z _vK‡j Avwg myBcvi‡ì K‡jvbxi cvwb wiRvf© K‡i ivLvi wb‡`©k †`B| cvK †mbv‡ì wWw½‡q mKj myBcvi wg‡j myBcvi K‡jvbxwU i¶v Kivi Rb¨ AMªmi n‡j Avgiv cvK †mbv‡ì ¸wji gy‡L P‡j Avwm|1971 mv‡ji 28‡k gvP© mKv‡j †iwWI gvidZ mKj miKvix I †emiKvix Kg©Pvix‡K Awej‡¤¦ Kv‡R †hvM`vb Ki‡Z n‡e G wb‡`©k †c‡q ciw`b Avwg mKvj `kUvi mgq XvKv †cŠi mfvq wWDwU wi‡cvU© Ki‡j XvKv †cŠi mfvi ZrKvjxb Kbmvi‡fwÝ Awdmvi wgt Bw`ªm Avgv‡K †Wvg wb‡q Awej‡¤¦ XvKvi wewfbœ RvqMvq c‡o _vKv jvk Zy‡j †dj‡Z e‡jb| Bw`Öm 130

mv‡ne AZ¨š— µy×fv‡e ej‡Z _v‡Kb, ÔÔmv‡ne Avwj †ei n‡q co, hw` evuP‡Z PvI Z‡e XvKvi ivRc_ I wewfbœ GjvKv †_‡K jvk †Zvjvi Rb¨ ‡ei n‡q co| †KD evuP‡e bv KvD‡K ivLv n‡e bv, mevB‡K cvK †mbv‡ì ¸wj el©‡Y gi‡Z n‡e, mevB‡K KzKz‡ii gZ nZ¨v Kiv n‡eÕÕ| †cŠi mfvi ZrKvjxb †Pqvig¨vb †gRi mvjvgZ Avjx Lvb k~i Avgv‡ì mv‡_ KzKz‡ii gZ D‡ËwRZ n‡q, AZ¨š— KK©km¦‡i µy× fv‡e eKvewK Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| †mLv‡b Avwg, myBcvi BÝ‡c±i AvjvDwÏb, myBcvi BÝ‡c±i KvwjPiY, myBcvi mycvifvBRvi cvÂvg, myBcvi BÝ‡c±i AvIjv` †nv‡mb Avgiv cvuPRb Dcw¯nZ wQjvg| Avgv‡K ci‡`kx †Wvg, g›Uy †Wvg,†jgy †Wvg,†Wvg †Mvjvc Pvb, `ywNjv I gay†Wvg‡K wb‡q XvKv wgU‡dvW© nvmcvZvj †_‡K jvk Zy‡j m¦vwgevM AvDUK‡j †dj‡Z ejv nq| 1971 m‡bi 29†k gvP© Avgvi `j XvKv wgU‡dvW© nvmcvZv‡ji jvk Ni †_‡K `yUªvK jvk Zy‡j‡Q| Avgvi `j †h mKj jvk Zy‡j‡Q Avwg m¦P‡¶ Zv †`‡LwQ| AwaKvskB wQj miKvix Kg©Pvix, cywjk ,Avbmvi I cvIqvig¨vb‡ì LvKx †cvkvK civ weK…Z jvk | jvk Zyj‡Z Zyj‡Z ci‡`kx bv‡g Avgvi R‰bK †Wv‡gi nv‡Z GK †lvokx i“cmxi Dj½ ¶Z we¶Z jvk †`Ljvg, †`Ljvg †mB hyeZxi cweÎ †`‡n AmsL¨ ¶Z wPý, Zvi eyK †_‡K ¯—b m‡Rv‡i Zy‡j †bIqv n‡q‡Q, j¾v¯’vb ¶Z we¶Z n‡q Av‡Q, wcQ‡bi gvsm Zy‡j †bIqv n‡q‡Q| nwi‡Yi gZ gvqvfiv gaygq eo eo †PvL Nywg‡q Av‡Q, mviv‡`‡n m„wóKZ©v †hb `y‡ai mi w`‡q Ave„Z K‡i w`‡q‡Q, gv_vq Kv‡jv Kv‡jv Pyj Zvi †Kvgi ch©š— j¤¦v n‡q c‡owQj, Zvi `yB Mv‡j AvNv‡Zi wPý †`Ljvg| ci¶‡YB †`Ljvg `k eQ‡ii GK wK‡kvixi Dj½ ¶Z we¶Z jvk| Aci“cv i“cmx d‡ji gZ UKU‡K †Pnviv, mviv †`‡n ey‡j‡Ui AvNvZ| 1971 m‡bi 30‡k gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †iv‡Kqv nj †_‡K fvicÖvß cvK ‡mbv‡ì †gRi †cŠi mfvq †Uwj‡dv‡b msev` †`b †iv‡Kqv n‡ji Pvwiw`‡K gvby‡li jv‡ki cPv M‡Ü †mLv‡b emv hv‡”Q bv, Awej‡¤¦ †Wvg cvwV‡q jvk Zy‡j ‡djv †nvK| Avwg QqRb †Wvg wb‡q †iv‡Kqv n‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i †iv‡Kqv n‡ji mg¯— K‡¶ Zbœ Zbœ K‡i Ly‡R †Kvb jvk bv †c‡q PviZjv Qv‡ì Dci wM‡q AvVvi eQ‡ii R‰bK i“cmx QvÎxi Dj½ jvk †`L‡Z †cjvg| Avgvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡iZ R‰bK cvK †mbv‡K wRÁvmv Kijvg G QvÎxi †`‡n ¸wji †Kvb AvNvZ bvB, †`‡ni †Kvb ¯nv‡b †Kvb ¶Z wPý bvB A_P g‡i wPZ n‡q c‡o Av‡Q †Kb? †m AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡o ej‡jv Avgiv mKj cvK‡mbv wg‡j I‡K al©Y Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †g‡iwQ| cPvÐdzjv †mB i“cmxi Dj½ †`n c‡o Av‡Q †`Ljvg| WvMi WvMi †PvL dz‡j †ei n‡q Av‡Q, gv_vi Pyj wbK‡UB wQ‡o †djv n‡q‡Q, j¾v¯nvb Zvi †cU †_‡K dz†j A‡bK Dc‡i D‡V Av‡Q, †hvwbc_ i³v³| Zvi `yw`‡Ki Mv‡j cï‡ì Kvg‡oi wPý †`Ljvg, e‡¶i ¯—‡b 131

gvby‡li `vu‡Zi `sk‡bi wPý †`Ljvg| Avwg GKwU Pvì w`‡q jvkwU †X‡K w`‡q bvwg‡q wb‡q Avwm| †iv‡Kqv n‡ji mv‡f©›U †KvqvU©v‡ii wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i cvuPRb gvjx‡ì ¯¿x cwiRb‡ì cvuPwU jvk Ges AvUUv cyi“‡li jvk (gvjx) †c‡qwQ| jvk †`‡L g‡b n‡jv g„Zyï c~e©¶‡Y mevB ï‡q wQj| Avwg UªvK wb‡q XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkeevoxi †ZZjv †_‡K R‰bK wn›`yy Aa¨vcK, Zvi ¯¿x I `yB †Q‡ji jvk Zy‡jwQ| ¯nvbxq RbZvi gy‡L Rvb‡Z cvijvg Zvi `yB †g‡q ey‡jU we× n‡q nvmcvZv‡j Av‡Qb| msM„nxZ jvk m¦vgxevM AvDUK‡j †d‡j w`‡q Avgiv UªvK wb‡q XvKv eywoM½v b`x‡Z fvmgvb nvZÐcv, †PvL euvav AmsL¨ hye‡Ki jvk Zy‡jwQ| Avgiv 30‡k gvP© XvKv eyoxM½v b`x †_‡K wZbÐUªvK jvkZy‡j m¦vgxevM †d‡jwQ| cvK ‡mbviv Kzwj w`‡q c~‡e©B †mLv‡b weivU weivU MZ© K‡i ‡i‡LwQj| c‡ii w`b Avgiv †gvnvg¥`cyi GjvKvi R‡q›U K‡jvbxi wbKU †_‡K mvZwU cPvÐdzjv jvk Zy‡jwQ| BKevj n‡j Avgiv †Kvb jvk cvB bvB| cvK‡mbviv c~‡e©B BKevj n‡ji jvk †c‡Uªvj w`‡q R¦vwj‡q fl¥œ K‡i †`q| ew¯— GjvKv †_‡K RMbœv_ n‡j AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ Qy‡U Avmv `kRb biÐbvixi ¶ZÐwe¶Z jvk Zy‡jwQ| †divi c‡_ Avgiv XvKv n‡ji wfZi †_‡K PviRb Qv‡Îi Dj½ jvk Zy‡jwQ| 1971 m‡bi 1jv GwcÖj Avgiv KPy‡¶Z, Wªvg d¨v±ix, †ZRMuvI, Bw›ìv †ivW, wØZxq ivRavbx GjvKv¯n XvKv wegvb e›`‡ii Af¨š—i, XvKv †ówWqv‡gi gmwR‡ì c~e© `w¶Y w`K †_‡K K‡qKRb Qv‡Îi cPv jvk Zy‡jwQ| Gici †_‡K cÖwZw`b Avgiv eywoM½v b`xi cvo †_‡K nvZÐcv, †PvL evuav AmsL¨ hye‡Ki jvk Zy‡jwQ| iv‡qi evRvi BU‡Lvjvq Avgiv K‡qK nvRvi ev½vjx hye‡Ki jvk Zy‡jwQ| wgicyi GK b¤¦i †mKk‡bi iv¯—v cv‡k¦© Qov‡bv, wQUv‡bv, ev½vjx hye‡Ki jvk Zy‡jwQ| †gvnvg¥`cyi wdwRK¨vj K‡j‡Ri nj †_‡K `kRb Qv‡Îi ¶ZÐwe¶Z jvk Zy‡jwQ| iv‡qi evRvi iv¯—v, wcjLvbv, MbKUywj, avbgwÛ, KjvevMvb, KvuVvjevMvb, Gqvi‡cvU© †iv‡Wi cvk¦©eZ©x GjvKv, †ZRMvI gv`Övmv †_‡K AmsL¨ gvby‡li cPvÐdzjv jvk Zy‡jwQ| A‡bK jv‡ki nvZÐcv †c‡qwQ gv_v cvB bvB| †g‡q‡ì jvk meB Dj½ I ¶Z we¶Z †`‡LwQ| wKQyw`b ci Avwg KZ©„c‡¶i wb‡`©k gZ KviLvbvq wM‡q mvabv Jlavj‡qi gvwjK cÖ‡dmi †hv‡MkP›`ª eveyi †eq‡b‡Ui AvNv‡Z ¶ZÐwe¶Z i³v³ ZvRv jvk Zy‡j m¦vgxevM †d‡jwQ| cvK cïiv †hv‡Mk eveyi me©m¦ jyÚb K‡i Zv‡K Zvi wbRm¦ Kvgovq e‡¶ †eq‡bU XywK‡q w`‡q wbg©g fv‡e nZ¨v K‡i †i‡L hvq| c‡i Zvi cweÎ ¶ZÐwe¶Z jvk bx‡P bvwg‡q G‡b Lv‡Ui Dci †i‡L w`‡qwQj| Avgiv wM‡q †`Ljvg cÖ‡dmi †hv‡Mk eveyi jvk Rxf †ei K‡i nvÕ K‡i Av‡Q| Mv‡q wQj aywZ Avi †MwÄ| m¦v¶i/Ð ‡gvt mv‡ne Avjx 19/5/74 132

‡gvnv¤§` mv‡jû¾vgvb mve BÝ‡c±i Ae cywjk igbv _vbv, XvKv| (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ, c„ t 39Ð40)

1971 m‡bi 25‡k gvP© mÜ¨vq Avwg GK c−vUyb †dvm© mn gxicyi GK b¤¦i †mKk‡b Un‡j wQjvg| mÜ¨vi ci ciB Avwg gxicy‡ii me©Î _g_‡g fve j¶ KiwQ| ivZ AvbygvwbK mv‡o `kUvi mgq Avgvi Iqvi‡jm †mUwU AvK¯§vr mwµq n‡q D‡V| Iqvi‡jm †m‡U GK ev½vjx cywjk KÚ ARvbv †÷kb †_‡K ejwQj, ÔÔXvKv †mbvwbevm †_‡K U¨v¼ I Kvgvbevnx mk¯¿ cvK †mbv‡ì UªvK mvwie× fv‡e ivRavbx‡Z m`‡c© cª‡ek Ki‡Q, ev½vjx cywjk †Zvgiv mveavb nI|ÕÕ Bnvi ci Avgvi Iqvi‡jm †m‡Ui gvidZ XvKv cywjk K‡›Uªvj i“g †_‡K †g‡mR †Ìqv nq, ÔÔcywjk wWDwU DB_WªbÕÕ| Iqvi‡jm gvidZ Gme †g‡mR Avmvi ci ciB Avwg XvKv ivRavbxi AvKv‡k me©Î Av¸‡bi dzjwK DV‡Z †`Ljvg| AK¯§vr ivRvievM cywjk jvBb, BKevj nj, B, wc, Avi †nW‡KqvU©v‡i fxlY Kvgvb I U¨v¼ nvgjvi AvKvk dvUv kã ïb‡Z cvB| G cwi¯nwZ‡Z Avwg Avgvi UnjiZ cywjk †dvm©‡K gxicy‡ii cwðg w`‡K Mªv‡gi w`‡K P‡j wM‡q cÖvY cY cÖwZ‡iva Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q Avwg Avgvi ivB‡dj I ¸wj wb‡q _vbvi evmvq P‡j hvB | _vbvq wd‡i G‡m Avwg ZrKvjxb gxicyi _vbvi fvicÖvß Awdmvi wgt Aveyj nv‡mg Ges Ab¨vb¨ mve BÝ‡c±i, G, Gm, AvB I ev½vjx cywjk‡ì AZ¨š— wegl© I weg~p †`L‡Z cvB| _vbvq e‡m Avgiv Iqvi‡j‡m ev½vjx K‡Úi eû exfrm AvZ©bv` ïb‡Z cvB| ivZ mv‡o PviUvi w`‡K cvK cïiv cywjk K‡›Uªvj i“g `Lj K‡i †mLvbKvi Iqvi‡j‡m evB‡i Unj wbhy³ ev½vjx cywjk‡ì KK©k K‡Ú ejwQj ÔÔev½vjx kvjv‡jvM, Avfx AvÐKvi †`‡Lv, †Zvgviv †KZbv gv ev‡nb nvgviv cvm nvq, ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ|ÕÕ GK_v ï‡b Avgv‡ì ev½vjx cywjk‡ì MvÕ wkD‡i D‡V| Avwg Zr¶Yvr Iqvi‡jm †mU eÜ K‡i †`B| mKvj nIqvi c~‡e©B Avwg _vbv I _vbvi evmv †Q‡o w`‡q gxicy‡i Ab¨ GK evmvq AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡i _vwK| mKv‡j Avwg †`Ljvg ev½vjx B, wc, Avi‡ì gxicyi B, wc, Avi K¨v¤ú †_‡K e›`x K‡i Avgv‡ì _vbvi m¤§y‡L G‡b cvK cïiv wbi¯¿ K‡i _vbvq e›`x K‡i‡Q| Avwg AviI †`Ljvg gxicy‡ii mKj ev½vjx evox‡Z wenvixiv Kcv‡j mv`v Kvco †e‡au `vb‡ei gZ Dj−v‡m †d‡U c‡o Av¸b jvMv‡”Q, jyU cvU Ki‡Q| evox evox †_‡K ev½vjx wkï hyewZ e„×v‡ì †U‡b G‡b iv¯Zvq ‡d‡j †Qvov w`‡q RevB Ki‡Q, ev½vjx igYx‡ì a‡i G‡b iv¯Zvq Dj½ K‡i ‡d‡j Dchy©cwi al©Y K‡i Zr¶Yvr aiv‡jv †Qvov w`‡q ¯Zb I cvQvi gvsm Qjvr K‡i †K‡U †d‡j b„msmfv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡Q| 133

KvD‡K KzwP KzwP K‡i †K‡U †dj‡Q, KviI †hvwb‡Z †jvnvi iW XywK‡q w`‡”Q, KviI Mv‡q Av¸b jvwM‡q w`‡q AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U co‡Q| fxZ mš¿¯’ nvRv‡iv gvbyl ZLb cÖvY f‡q Mªv‡gi w`‡K cvwj‡q hvw”Qj| †h mKj wbixn gvbyl cvjv‡Z cviwQjbv Zv‡ì‡K wenvixiv wbg©gfv‡e RevB KiwQj| cvK ‡mbviv G e¨vcK ev½vjx nZ¨vq wenvix‡ì wcQ‡b †_‡K mvnvh¨ KiwQj| 27‡k gvP© mKv‡j wKQy¶‡bi Rb¨ Kvdy© Zy‡j wb‡j Avwg Avgvi cwievi cwiRb wb‡q wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi mÜv‡b gxicy‡ii evB‡i hvÎv Kwi| gxicyi Mi“i nvU AwZµg Kivi mgq Avwg †`Ljvg cvK †mbv‡ì Unj †f` K‡i GKwU Uªv‡K gwnjv I wkï gxicyi eªx‡Ri w`‡K hvw”QjÐ cvK †mbviv H Uªv‡K Av¸b awi‡q†`q| Avi `yÕwU hyeZx †g‡q‡K Zv‡ì Rx‡c DwV‡q wb‡q hvq| †g‡q `ÕywU cvK cï‡ì nv‡Z c‡o cªvYdvUv wPrKv‡i AvZ©bv` KiwQj| Avgiv `~i †_‡K Mi“i nvU eivei †ev‡iv av‡bi †¶‡Z AvkÖq wb‡qwQjvg| eû `y`©kv I jvÂbv †fvM K‡i Avwg AvU w`b cv‡q †nu‡U I †bŠKv †hv‡M †`‡ki evox‡Z †cuvwQ| m¦v¶i/Ð ‡gvt mv‡jû¾vgvb 7Ð2Ð74

ci‡`kx wcZvÐ†QvUb †Wvg myBcvi, miKvix cï nvmcvZvj, XvKv| (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ, c„ t 50Ð52)

1971 m‡bi 27‡k gvP© mKv‡j ivRavbx XvKvq cvK‡mbv‡ì exfrm nZ¨vKv‡Ûi ci XvKv †cŠimfvi ZrKvjxb †Pqvig¨vb †gRi mvjvgZ Avwj Lvb k~‡ii cÖkvmwbK Awdmvi wgt Bw`ªm †cŠimfvi AviI K‡qKRb Awdmvi m‡½ wb‡q GKwU wgDwbwmc¨vj Uªv‡K cï nvmcvZv‡ji †M‡U G‡m ev‡Ni gZ ÔÔci‡`kx ci‡`kxÕÕ e‡j M¾©b Ki‡Z _vK‡j Avwg fxZmš¿¯— fv‡e Avgvi †KvqvU©vi †_‡K †ei n‡q Avwm| Bw`ªm mv‡ne AZ¨š— µy×fv‡e KK©k m¦‡i ej‡Z _v‡Kb, ÔÔ‡Zvgiv me myBcvi †Wvg †ei nI, hw` evuP‡Z PvI Awej‡¤¦ mevB wg‡j XvKvi wewfbœ GjvKvq ¯ZycK…Z jvk DwV‡q ajcyi gqjv wW‡cv‡Z ‡d‡j `vI| bB‡j KvD‡K evuPv‡bv n‡e bv, †KD evuP‡Z cv‡e bv|ÕÕ†cŠimfvi †mB Uªv‡K wbgœewY©Z myBcviiv emv wQj t 1| fviZ 2| jvWy 3| wKlb| Avwg Zvi wb‡`©k Agvb¨ Kivi †Kvb Dcvq bv †`‡L Uªv‡K D‡V emjvg|†mB Uªv‡K K‡i XvKv †cŠimfv Awd‡m Avgv‡ì cÖvq AvVviRb myBcvi I †Wvg‡K GKwÎZ K‡i cªwZ QqR‡bi mv‡_ `yBRb K‡i myBcvi Bbm‡c±i Avgv‡ì mycvifvBRvi wb‡qvwRZ K‡i wZb Uªv‡K wZb`j‡K 134

evsjvevRvi, wgU‡dvW© I wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvq †cÖiY Kiv nq| Avwg wgU‡dv‡W©i Uªv‡K wQjvg| mKvj bqUvi mgq Avgv‡ì UªvK wgU‡dvW© nvmcvZv‡ji jvk N‡ii mb¥y‡L Dcw¯nZ n‡j Avgiv UªvK †_‡K †b‡g jvkN‡ii wfZi cÖ‡ek K‡i ey‡K Ges wc‡V †gwkb Mv‡bi ¸wj‡Z SuvRov Kiv cÖvq GKkZ hyeK ev½vjxi exfrm jvk †`Ljvg| Avwg Avgvi mycvifvBRv‡ii wb‡`©‡k jvk N‡ii wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i cªwZwU jv‡ki cv‡q a‡i †U‡b †ei K‡i evB‡i `vuov‡bv Ab¨vb¨ myBcv‡ii nv‡Z Zy‡j w`‡qwQ Uªv‡K DVvevi Rb¨| Avwg †`‡LwQ cªwZwU jv‡ki eyK I wcV †gwkbMv‡bi ¸wj‡Z SuvRov| me jvk Zy‡j w`‡q GKcv‡k GKUv j¤¦v †Uwe‡ji Dci Pvì w`‡q †U‡K †Ìqv GKwU jv‡ki Dci †_‡K Pvì †U‡b DwV‡q †`Ljvg GKwU i“cmx †lvokx hyeZxi Dj½ jvkÐ jv‡ki e¶ †hvwbc_ ¶Zwe¶Z, †Kvg‡ii wcQ‡bi gvsm †K‡U Zy‡j †bIqv n‡q‡Q, ey‡Ki ¯Zb †_Z‡j †M‡Q, †Kvgo ch©¨š— j¤¦v Kv‡jv Pyj, nwi‡Yi gZ gvqvgq †PvL †`‡L Avgvi †PvL †e‡q cvwb co‡Z _vK‡jv, Avwg wKQy‡ZB †Pv‡Li cvwb ivL‡Z cvijvg bv| Avwg Avgvi mycvifvBRv‡ii fqvj Ges fq¼i KK©k M¾©‡bi gy‡L †mB my›ìxi cweÎ †`n AZ¨š— hZœ m¤¢‡gi mv‡_ Uªv‡K DwV‡q w`jvg| wgU‡dv‡W©i jvkN‡ii mKj jvk Uªv‡K DwV‡q Avgiv ajcy‡ii gqjv wW‡cv‡Z wb‡q wM‡q weivU M‡Z©i g‡a¨ ‡X‡j w`jvg|†`Ljvg weivU weivU M‡Z©i g‡a¨ myBcvi I †Wv‡giv ivRavbx XvKvi wewfbœ ¯nvb †_‡K wb‡q Avmv jvk UªvK †_‡K M‡Z©i g‡a¨ †d‡j w`‡”Q| Avwg AwaKvsk jv‡ki †`‡n †Kvb Kvco †`wL bvB, †h mg¯Z hyeZx †g‡q I igYx‡ì jvk M‡Z©i g‡a¨ ‡d‡j †Ìqv n‡jv Zvi †Kvb jv‡ki †`‡nB Avwg †Kvb AveiY †`wL bvB| Zv‡ì cweÎ †`n †`‡LwQ ¶Zwe¶Z, Zv‡ì †hvwbc_ wcQb w`K mn AvNv‡Z wefrm n‡q Av‡Q| `ycyi cÖvq `yUvi mgq Avgiv igbv Kvwjevox‡Z P‡j Avwm †cŠimfvi UªvK wb‡q| jvk DVvevi Rb¨ UªvK igbv Kvwjevox‡Z ìRvq `vuo Kwi‡q †i‡L, `yRb Uªv†K `vuo Kwi‡q †i‡L Avgiv PviRb Kvwjevoxi wfZ‡i wM‡q †`wL mewKQy cy‡o f®§ n‡q Av‡Q| Kvwjevoxi wfZ‡i wewfbœ RvqMvq Qov‡bv wQUv‡bv 41wU †cvov jvk Avwg Uªv‡K Zy‡jwQ| Kvwjevoxi GmKj jvk Avgiv ajcy‡ii gqjv wW‡cv‡Z M‡Z©i g‡a¨ †d‡jwQ| jvk Zy‡j Zy‡j gvby‡li cuPv Pwe©i M‡Ü Avgvi cvK¯nwj †ei n‡Z Pvw”Qj | c‡ii w`b Avwg Avi jvk Zyj‡Z hvB bvB,†h‡Z cvwi bvB, mvivw`b fvZ †L‡Z cvwibvB, N„Yvq †Kvb wKQy ¯úk© Ki‡Z cvwi bvB| c‡ii w`b 29‡k gvP© mKv‡j Avwg Avevi XvKv †cŠimfv Awd‡m nvwRi n‡j Avgv‡K UªvK w`‡q jvk †Zvjvi Rb¨ AviI K‡qKRb myBcv‡ii mv‡_ XvKv kvLvixevRv‡i †h‡Z ejv nq| RR †Kv‡U©i mb¥y‡L Av¸‡bi †jwjnvb wkLv ZLbI R¡jwQj, Avi cvK †mbviv Un‡j †gvZv‡qb wQj e‡j Avgiv UªvK wb‡q †m c_ w`‡q kvLvixevRvi cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvwi bvB| cvUyqvUywj Ny‡i 135

Avgiv kvLvixevRv‡ii cwðg w`‡K cÖ‡ek K‡i cvUyqvUywj duvwo cvi n‡q Zvnv‡ì UªvK kuvLvix evRv‡ii g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kij| UªvK †_‡K †b‡g Avgiv kvLvix evRv‡ii cÖwZwU N‡i N‡i cÖ‡ek KijvgÐ†`Ljvg gvby‡li jvk bvix cyi“l, hyeK hyeZx, e„× e„×v, evjK evwjKv, wK‡kvi wkïi wefrm cPv jvk, Pvwiw`‡K BgviZ mg~n †f‡½ c‡o Av‡Q, †g‡q‡ì AwaKvsk jvk Avwg m¤ú~Y© DjsM †`Ljvg, †`Ljvg Zv‡ì eyK †_‡K ¯Zb Zy‡j †bIqv n‡q‡Q| KviI KviI †hvwbc‡_ jvwV XyKv‡bv Av‡Q| eû †cvov, f¯§ jvk †`‡LwQ| cvÄvex †mbviv cvl‡Ûi gZ jvdv‡Z jvdv‡Z ¸wj el©Y KiwQj, wenvix RbZv kvLvix evRv‡ii cÖwZwU N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i g~jëvb AvmevecÎ, †mvbv `vbv jyÚb K‡i wb‡q hvw”Qj, Avgiv Aweivg ¸wjel©‡Yi gy‡L cÖv‡Yi f‡q `yB UªvK jvk Zy‡j jvk †Zvjvi Rb¨ †mw`b Avi kvLvixevRv‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi mvnm cvB bvB| 30‡k gvP© mKv‡j Avgvi `j‡K wgje¨vivK †_‡K jvk Zyj‡Z ejv nq| Avwg wgje¨vivK Nv‡U †cŠimfvi UªvK wb‡q wM‡q †`Ljvg b`xi Nv‡U AmsL¨ gvby‡li jvk Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q, eû jvk iwk w`‡q evuav †`Ljvg, cÖwZwU iwki eÜb Ly‡j cªwZ `‡j `k Rb c‡bi R‡bi jvk †ei Kijvg, me hyeK †Q‡j I m¦v¯nëvb evjK‡ì jvk †`Ljvg| cÖwZwU jv‡ki †PvL evuav, nvZ euvav, k³ K‡i wcQb w`K †_‡K| cÖwZwU jv‡ki gyLgÛj Kv‡jv †`Ljvg Gwm‡W R¡‡j weK…Z I weKU n‡q Av‡Q| jv‡ki mvg‡b wM‡q Jl‡ai Amn¨ MÜ †cjvg| jv‡ki †Kvb `j‡K †`Ljvg †gwkbMv‡bi ¸wj‡Z eyK I wcV SuvRiv n‡q Av‡Q, A‡bK jvk †`Ljvg †eUb I †eq‡b‡Ui AvNv‡Z exfrm n‡q Av‡Q, Kv‡iv gv_v PyY©ÐwePyY© n‡q gMR †ei n‡q Av‡Q, Kv‡iv KvUv ý` wcÛ †ei n‡q Av‡Q| b`xi cv‡o QqRb i“cmx hyeZxi exfrm ¶Zwe¶Z, Dj½ jvk †`Ljvg|†PvL evuav nvZ, cv, k³ K‡i evuav, cÖwZwU jvk ¸wji AvNv‡Z SvuRov, gyLgÛj, e¶, I †hvwbc_ i³v³ ¶Zwe¶Z I exfrm †`Ljvg| `yBev‡i `yB Uªv‡K Avwg mËiwU jvk DwV‡q ajcyi gqjv wW‡cv‡Z †d‡jwQ| Gici Avgv‡K mìNvU, k¨vgevRvi, ev`vgZjx NvU †_‡K jvk Zyj‡Z ejv nq| Avwg Dc‡iv³ GjvKvi b`x NvU †_‡K cPv jvk Zy‡j ajcyi gqjv wW‡cv‡Z †d‡jwQ| Avwg †hw`b Kvwjevox jvk Zy‡jwQ †mw`b mKv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †iv‡Kqv n‡ji wcQ‡b óvd †KvqvU©vi, †iv‡Kqv n‡ji cwðg w`‡K R‰bK Aa¨vc‡Ki evmv †_‡K Avwg jvk Zy‡jwQ| †iv‡Kqv n‡ji wcQ‡bi óvd †KvqvU©v‡ii wfZi †_‡K Avwg †h‡q cyi“l I wkï m‡gZ bqwU jvk Zy‡jwQ| Avi Aa¨vc‡Ki evmv †_‡K wmwoi mvg‡b †j‡ci wfZi †cPv‡bv R‰bK Aa¨vc‡Ki jvk Avwg Zy‡j wb‡q ‡MwQ| m¦v¶i ci‡`kx 21/3/74|

136

wg‡mm iv‡eqv LvZyb myBcvi, ivRvievM cywjk jvBb, XvKv | (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„t 53Ð56)

1971 m‡bi 25‡k gvP© iv‡Z nvbv`vi cvÄvex†mbviv hLb ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡bi Dci AZwK©‡Z nvgjv Pvjvq ZLb Avwg ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡bi Gm, Gd, †Kw›U‡b wQjvg| Avmbœ nvgjvi f‡q Avwg mvivw`b cywjk jvB‡bi e¨vivK Svoy w`‡q iv‡Z e¨viv‡KB wQjvg| Kvgvb, †Mvjv, jvBU‡evg Avi U¨v‡¼i Aweivg KvbdvUv M¾©‡b Avwg f‡q e¨viv‡Ki g‡a¨ KvZ n‡q c‡o †_‡K _i_wi‡q KvucwQjvg| 26‡k gvP© mKv‡j I‡ì Kvgv‡bi mb¥y‡L Avgv‡ì exi ev½vjx cywjk evwnbx ex‡ii gZ cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avi wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i bvB| mKv‡j Iiv cywjk jvB‡bi Gm, Gd, e¨viv‡Ki Pviw`‡K Av¸b jvwM‡q Ges e¨viv‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i ev½vjx cywjk‡ì bv‡K, gy‡L, mviv †`‡n ‡eq‡bU I †eUb PvR© Ki‡Z Ki‡Z I ey‡Ui jvw_ gvi‡Z gvi‡Z †ei K‡i wb‡q AvmwQj| K¨vw›U‡bi Kvgov †_‡K e›`y‡Ki b‡ji gy‡L Avgv‡KI †ei K‡i Avbv nq, Avgv‡K jvw_ †g‡i gvwU‡Z †d‡j †Ìqv nq Ges Avgvi Dci cÖKv‡k¨ cvkweK AZ¨vPvi KiwQj Avi KzKz‡ii gZ AÆ nwm‡Z †d‡U cowQj| Avgvi Dci Dch©~cwi cvkweK AZ¨vPvi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z hLb Avgv‡K G‡Kev‡i †g‡i †d‡j †Ìqi Dcµg nq ZLb Avgvi evuPevi Avi †Kvb Dcvq bv †`‡L Avwg Avgvi cªvY evuPvevi Rb¨ I‡ì wbKU KvZi wgbwZ Rvbvw”Qjvg| Avwg nvD gvD K‡i Kvu`wQjvg, Avi ejwQjvg Avgv‡K †g‡ivbv, Avwg myBcvi, Avgv‡K †g‡i †dj‡j †Zvgv‡ì cvqLvbv I b`©gv cwi¯‹vi Kivi Avi †KD _vK‡ebv, †Zvgv‡ì cv‡q cwo †Zvgiv Avgv‡K †g‡ivbv, †gv‡ivbv, †gv‡ivbv, Avgv‡K †g‡i ‡dj‡j †Zvgv‡ì cywjk jvBb i³ I jv‡ki cPv M‡Ü gvby‡li evm Kivi A‡hvM¨ n‡q co‡e| ZLbI Avgvi Dci GK cvÄvex KzKzi, KzKz‡ii gZB Avgvi †Kvg‡oi Dci PovI n‡q Avgv‡K Dchy©cwi al©Y KiwQj| Avgv‡K Gfv‡e al©Y Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †g‡i ‡d‡j w`‡j ivRvievM cywjk jvBb cwi¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨ Avi †KD _vK‡ebv GK_v †f‡e Iiv Avgv‡K †Q‡o w`‡q Avgv‡K GK cvÄvex †mbv agK w`‡q ej‡Z _v‡K, ÔÔwVK nvq, †Zvg‡Kv †Qvo w`qv hv‡qMv Rviv ev`, †Zvg evnvi bvwn †bK‡jMv, nviIqvKZ jvBb cvi nvwRi iv‡nMv|ÕÕ GK_v e‡j Avgv‡K †Q‡o †`q| cvÄvex †mbviv ivRvKvi I `vjvj‡ì mvnv‡h¨ ivRvavbxi ¯Kzj, K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GjvKv Ges AwfRvZ Rbc` †_‡K eû ev½vjx hyeZx, 137

†g‡q, i“cmx gwnjv Ges my›ìx evwjKv‡ì Rx‡c, wgwjUvix Uªv‡K K‡i cywjk jvB‡bi wewfbœ e¨viv‡K Rgv‡qZ Ki‡Z _v‡K| Avwg †Kw›U‡bi †Wªb cwi¯‹vi KiwQjvgÐ†`Ljvg Avgvi mb¥yL w`‡q Rxc †_‡K Avgx© UªvK †_‡K jvBb K‡i eû evwjKv hyeZx I gwnjv‡K Gm, Gd †Kw›U‡bi ga¨ w`‡q e¨viv‡K ivLv nj| eû †g‡q‡K †nW‡KvqvU©vi wewìs Gi Dci Zjvq i“‡g wb‡q hvIqv nj, Avi Aewkó †g‡q hv‡ì‡K e¨viv‡Ki wfZ‡i hvqMv †Ìqv †Mj bv Zv‡ì eviv›`vq `vuo Kwi‡q ivLv nj| AwaKvsk †g‡qi nv‡Z eB I LvZv †`Ljvg, A‡bK i“cmx hyeZxi †`‡n Aj¼vi †`Ljvg, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AwaKvsk †g‡qi †PvL †e‡q A‡Sv‡i Akª“ cowQj| Gi ciB Avi¤¢ n‡q †Mj †mB ev½vjx bvix‡ì Dci exfrm al©Y| jvBb †_‡K cvÄvex †mbviv KzKz‡ii gZ Rxf PvU‡Z PvU‡Z e¨viv‡Ki g‡a¨ D¤§Ë AÆ nvwm‡Z ‡d‡U c‡o cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| Iiv e¨viv‡K cÖ‡ek K‡i cÖwZwU hyeZx, gwnjv I evwjKvi ci‡Yi Kvco Ly‡j G‡Kev‡i Dj½ K‡i gvwU‡Z jvw_ †g‡i †d‡j w`‡q exfrm al©†Y †j‡M †Mj|†KD ùvwo‡q ùvwo‡qB †mB wbixn evwjKv‡ì Dci al©‡b †j‡M †Mj ‡KD ùvwo‡q ùvwo‡qB †mB wbixn evwjKv‡ì Dci al©‡Y †j‡M †Mj, Avwg e¨viv‡K †Wªb cwi¯‹vi Kivi Awfbq KiwQjvg Avi I‡ì exfrm ‰ckvwPKZv †`LwQjvg| I‡ì D¤§Ë Dj−v‡mi mvg‡b †Kvb †g‡q †Kvb kã ch©š—I K‡i bvB, Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB| D¤§Ë cvÄvex †mbviv GB wbixn ev½vjx †g‡q‡ì ïay gvÎ al©Y K‡iB †Q‡o †`q bvBÐAvwg †`Ljvg cvK †mbviv †mB †g‡q‡ì Dci cvM‡ji gZ D‡V al©Y Ki‡Q Avi avivj `vuZv †ei K‡i e‡¶i ¯—b I Mv‡ji gvsm Kvgov‡Z Kvgov‡Z i³v³ K‡i w`‡”Q, I‡ì D×Z I D¤§Z Kvg‡o A‡bK KwP †g‡qi ¯Zbmn e‡¶i gvsm D‡V AvmwQj, †g‡q‡ì Mvj, †cU, Nvo, e¶, wc‡Vi I †Kvg‡oi Ask I‡ì Aweivg `sk‡b i³v³ n‡q †Mj| †hmKj ev½vjx hyeZx I‡ì cÖgË cvkweKZvi wkKvi n‡Z Am¦xKvi Ki‡jv †`Ljvg Zr¶Yvr cvÄvex †mbviv I‡ì Pyj a‡i †U‡b G‡b ¯Zb †Qv †g‡i †U‡b wQ‡o †d‡j w`‡q I‡ì †hvwb I ¸n¨Øv‡ii g‡a¨ e›`y‡Ki bj, †eq‡bU I avivj Qywo XywK‡q w`‡q †mB exiv½bv‡ì cweÎ †`n wQbœ wfbœ K‡i w`w”Qj| A‡bK cï †QvU †QvU evwjKv‡ì Dci cvkweK AZ¨vPvi K‡i I‡ì Amvi i³v³ †`n evB‡i G‡b `yR‡b `y cvÕ `yw`‡K †U‡b a‡i PoPwo‡q wQ‡o ‡d‡j w`j, Avwg †`Ljvg †mLv‡b e‡m e‡m, Avi †oªb cwi¯‹vi KiwQjvg, cvÄvexiv kk¥v‡bi jvk †h‡Kvb KzKz‡ii gZ g` †L‡q me mgq †mLvbKvi hvi †h †g‡q B”Qv Zv‡KB a‡i al©Y KiwQj| ïay mvaviY cvÄvex †mbvivB GB exfrm cvkweK AZ¨vPv‡i †hvM †`q bvB, mKj D”P c`¯n cvÄvex mvgwiK AwdmviB g` †L‡q wnsmª ev‡Ni gZ n‡q `yB nvZ ev‡Ni gZ bvPv‡Z bvPv‡Z †mB Dj½ evwjKv, hyeZx I ev½vjx gwnjv‡ì Dci mviv¶Y ch©vqµ‡g al©Y Kv‡R wjß _vK‡Zv| †Kvb †g‡q, gwnjv hyeZx‡K GK g~û‡Z©i Rb¨ Aemi †Ìqv nq 138

bvB, I‡ì Dch©ycwi al©Y I Aweivg AZ¨vPv‡i eû KwP evwjKv †mLv‡bB i³v³ †`‡n KvZiv‡Z KvZiv‡Z †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡i‡Q, c‡ii w`b GmKj †g‡qi jvk Ab¨vb¨ †g‡q‡ì mb¥y‡L Qywi w`‡q †K‡U KzwP KzwP K‡i e¯—vi g‡a¨ f‡i evB‡i †d‡j w`Z| G mKj gwnjv, evwjKv I hyeZx‡ì wbg©g cwiYwZ †`‡L Ab¨vb¨ †g‡qiv AviI fxZ I m¤¢¯— n‡q co‡Zv, Ges †m¦”Qvq cï‡ì B”Qvi mg¥y‡L AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡Zv| †h mKj †g‡q cÖv‡Y evuPvi Rb¨ I‡ì mv‡_ wgj w`‡q I‡ì AZ„ß †hŠY ¶yav PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ Ôme©‡Zvfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡i Zv‡ì wcQ‡b Ny‡i †ewo‡q‡Q Zv‡ì nvwm Zvgvkvq †`n `vb K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì‡KI Qvov nq bvB| c`¯’ mvgwiK Awdmviiv †mB mKj †g‡q‡ì Dci mwg¥wjZ fv‡e al©Y Ki‡Z Ki‡Z nVvr GKw`b Zv‡K a‡i Qywo w`‡q Zvi ¯—b ‡K‡U, cvQvi gvsm ‡K‡U, †hvwY I ¸n¨ av‡i g‡a¨ m¤cyY© Qywo Pvwj‡q w`‡q AÆ nvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡i Iiv Avb›` Dc‡fvM KiZ| Gi ci Dj½ ‡g‡q‡ì‡K Mi“i gZ jvw_ gvi‡Z gvi‡Z cïi gZ wcUv‡Z wcUv‡Z Dc‡i †nW†KvqvU©v‡i †`vZjv, †ZZjv I Pvi Zjvq Dj½ Ae¯nvq ùvo Kwi‡q ivLv nq| cvÄvex †mbviv P‡j hvIqvi mgq †g‡q‡ì‡K jvw_ †g‡i Avevi Kvgovi wfZi XywK‡q Zvjve× K‡i P‡j †hZ| Bnvi ci eû hyeZx †g‡q‡K †nW †KvqvU©v‡ii Dci Zjvq eviv›`vq †gvUv †jvnvi Zv‡ii Dci Py‡ji mv‡_ †eu‡a Sywj‡q ivLv nqÐ cÖwZw`b cvÄvexiv †mLv‡b hvZvqvZ KiZ †mB Syjš— Dj½ hyeZx‡ì †KD G‡m Zv‡ì Dj½ †`‡ni †Kvg‡oi gvsm †eUb w`‡q Dg¥Ëfv‡e AvNvZ Ki‡Z _vKZ, †KD Zv‡ì e‡¶i ¯—b ‡K‡U wb‡q †hZ, †KD nvm‡Z nvm‡Z Zv‡ì †hvYxc‡_ jvwV XywK‡q Avb›` Dc‡fvM KiZ, †KD aviv‡jv PvKz w`‡q †Kvb hyeZxi cvQvi gvsm Av‡¯— Av‡¯— †K‡U ‡K‡U Avb›` KiZ, †KD DPy †Pqv‡i `vwo‡q Dg¥Ëe¶ †g‡q‡ì ¯—‡b gyL jvwM‡q avivj `vuZ w`‡q ¯—‡bi gvsm Zy‡j wb‡q Avb‡›` AÆ nvwm Ki‡Zv| †Kvb †g‡q GB me AZ¨vPv‡i †Kvb cÖKvi wPrKvi Kivi †Póv Ki‡j Zvi †hvwbc_ w`‡q †jvnvi iW XywK‡q w`‡q Zv‡K Zr¶Yvr nZ¨v Kiv nZ| cÖwZwU †g‡qi nvZ evav wQj wcQ‡bi w`‡K ï‡b¨ Sywj‡q ivLv n‡qwQj| A‡bK mgq cvÄvex †mbviv †mLv‡b G‡m †mB Syjš— Dj½ †g‡q‡ì G‡jvcv_vix †e`g cÖnvi K‡i †hZ| cÖwZw`b Gfv‡e weivgnxb cÖnv‡i †g‡q‡ì †`‡ni gvsm †d‡U i³ SiwQj, †g‡q‡ì KviI gy‡Li mg¥y‡Li w`‡K ùvZ wQj bv, †Vv‡Ui `yw`‡K gvsm Kvg‡o, †U‡b wQ‡o †djv n‡qwQj, jvwV I †jvnvi i‡Wi Aweivg wcUywb‡Z cÖwZwU †g‡qi Av½yj, nv‡Zi Zvjy †f‡½, †_Z‡j wQbœ wfbœ n‡q wM‡qwQj| Gme AZ¨vPvwiZ I jvwÂZ gwnjv I †g‡q‡ì cÖmªve I cvqLvbv Kivi Rb¨ nv‡Zi I Py‡ji evuab Ly‡j †Ìqv n‡Zv bv GK gyû‡Ë©i Rb¨| †nW †KvqvU©v‡ii Dci Zjvi eviv›`vq GB Syjš— Dj½ †g‡qiv nvZ evav Ae¯nvq †jvnvi Zv‡i Sy‡j †_‡K †mLv‡b cÖmªve cvqLvbv KiZ Ð Avwg 139

cÖwZw`b †mLv‡b wM‡q Gme cÖmªve cvqLvbv cwi¯‹vi KiZvg| Avwg m¦P‡¶ †`‡LwQ, A‡bK †g‡q Aweivg al©‡Yi d‡j wbg©gfv‡e Syjš— Ae¯nvq g„ZyëiY K‡i‡Q| cÖwZw`b mKv‡j wM‡q †mB evuab †_‡K A‡bK ev½vjx hyeZxi exfrm g„Z‡`n cvÁvex †mbv‡ì‡K bvgv‡Z †`‡LwQ| Avwg w`‡bi †ejvqI †mLv‡b †mB mKj e›`x gwnjv‡ì cyZMÜ, cÖmªveÐcvqLvbv cwi¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨ mvivw`b Dcw¯nZ _vKZvg| cÖwZw`b ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b e¨vivK †_‡K Ges †nW †KvqvUvi Awd‡mi Dci Zjv n‡Z eû awl©Zv †g‡qi ¶Z we¶Z weK…Z jvk Iiv cv‡q iwk †eu‡a wb‡q hvq Ges †mB RvqMvq ivRavbx †_‡K a‡i Avbv bZyb bZyb †g‡q‡ì Py‡ji mv‡_ Sywj‡q †eu‡a wb‡q wbg©g fv‡e al©Y Avi¤¢ K‡i †`q| GBme Dj½ wbixn ev½vjx hyeZx‡ì mviv¶Y mkmª cvÄvex †mbviv cÖniv w`Z| †Kvb ev½vjx‡KB †mLv‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`qv n‡Zv bv| Avi Avwg Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb myBcvi‡KI †mLv‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †Ìqv n‡Zv bv| ‡g‡q‡ì nvRv‡iv KvZi AvnvRvix‡ZI Avwg B”Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡I †deªyqvwi †g‡q‡ì evuPvevi Rb¨ †Kvb f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cvwi bvB| GwcÖj gv‡mi w`‡K Avwg AÜKvi cwi¯‹vi nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Lye †fv‡i †nW †KvqvUv©‡ii Dci Zjvq mvivivZ Syjš— †g‡q‡ì gjg~Î cwi¯‹vi K‡iwQjvg| Ggb mgq wm‡×k¦ixi 139 bs evmvi ivby bv‡g GK K‡j‡Ri QvÎxi KvZi cÖv_©bvq Avwg AZ¨š— e¨w_Z n‡q cwo Ges †g_‡ii Kvco cwi‡q K‡jR QvÎx ivby‡K gyw³ K‡i cywjk jvB‡bi evB‡i wbivc‡` w`‡q Avwm| m¦vaxb nIqvi ci †mB †g‡q‡K Avi †`wL bvB| 1971 mv‡ji wW‡m¤¦‡i gyw³ evwnbx I fviZxq wgÎ evwnbx evsjv‡`k gy³ Kivi c~e© ch©š— cvÄvex †mbviv GB mKj wbixn ev½vjx gwnjv, hyeZx I evwjKv‡ì Dci Gfv‡e wbg©g Ð cvkweK AZ¨vPvi I wefrmfv‡e al©Y K‡i hvw”Qj| wW‡m¤¦‡ii cÖ_g w`‡K wgÎ evwnbx XvKvq †evgv el©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ cvÄvex †mbviv Avgv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †g‡q‡ì wbg©gfv‡e †eq‡bU w`‡q LywP‡q LywP‡q nZ¨v K‡i| ivRvievM †nW †KvqvU©vi Awd‡mi Dci Zjvq, mg¯— K‡¶, eviv›`vq GB wbixn gwnjv I evwjKv‡ì ZvRv i³ RgvU n‡qwQj| wW‡m¤¦‡i gyw³ evwnbx I wgÎ evwnbx ivRavbx‡Z exi weµ‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡j cywjk jvB‡bi mKj cvÄvex †mbv AvZ¥ mgc©b K‡i| wUcmwn iv‡eqv LvZyb 18/2/74

my‡e`vi Lwjjyi ingvb Avg©m Gm,AvB, we,Avi, wc 140

ivRvievM cywjk jvBb, XvKv| (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ, c„ t 25Ð29)

1971 m‡bi 29‡k gvP© mKvj `kUvq Avgiv wgj e¨vivK cywjk jvB‡b Dcw¯nZ n‡q Avgv‡ì wcÖq cywjk mycvi wgt B, G, †PŠayix, cywjk Kgv‡Û›U wgt nvweeyi ingvb, wW,Gm,wc, †jv`x mv‡ne, ‡iÄ wiRvf© BÝ‡c±i wgt ‰mq` eRjyj nK, wW,Gm,wc, Avãym mvjvg, wiRvf© B‡Ý‡c±i wgt gwZqyi ingvb mevB‡K Dcw¯nZ †`Ljvg| wgt B,G,†PŠayix mv‡ne ¶yavZ©, Z„òvZ©, AvnZ, ¶Z we¶Z wmcvnx‡ì †`‡L Kvbœvq †f‡½ co‡jb| jvB‡b gyn~‡Z© Kvbœvi †ivj c‡o †Mj| wZwb jvB‡bi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i cÖwZwU wmcvnxi AvnZ, ¶ZÐwe¶Z †`n †`L‡jb, Zvi `yÕ †PvL †e‡q A‡Sv‡i AkÖy cowQj| wZwb Awej‡¤¦ Avgv‡ì LvIqvi eë¯nv Ki‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb ÔÔ‡Zvgv‡ì †Kvb Amyweav bvB, †Zvgiv bxi‡e †Zvgv‡ì KvR K‡i hvI|ÕÕ Avwg †Zvgv‡ì wbivcËvi e¨vcv‡i mZK© `„wó ivL‡ev|ÕÕ Avgvi mv‡_ Avgvi AviI wZbRb my‡e`vi, my‡e`vi mwdKzi ingv‡bi mnKg©xi mv‡_ AvURb nvwej`viÐ†gvt dRjyj nK, Avt Iqv`y`, Avãyj KyÏym I Ab¨vb¨ wekRb cywjk K‡bóej w`‡q XvKv †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvi `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq| Avgiv _vbvq cÖ‡ek K‡i †Ìqv‡j, †g‡S‡Z Pvc Pvc i³ †`L‡Z †cjvg, †`Ljvg _vbvi †Ìqvj ¸wji AvNv‡Z SuvRov n‡q Av‡Q, eyoxM½vi cv‡o AmsL¨ gvby‡li g„Z‡`n †`Ljvg, Avgv‡ì wc,Avi, Gd, Gi K‡bóej Avey Zv‡n‡ii (bs 798) †cvlvKciv jvk fvm‡Q, AviI eû wmcvnxi ¶Z we¶Z jvk †`L‡Z †cjvg| Avgvi †PvL †e‡q Akª“ cowQj, Avwg w`kvnviv n‡q Kuv`‡Z Kvu`‡Z Avgvi wcÖq wmcvnx Zv‡n‡ii jvk ai‡Z †M‡j wcQb †_‡K GK cvÄvex †mbv M¾©b K‡i KK©k fv‡e ej‡Z _v‡K ÔÔk~qvi Kv ev”Pv, †Zvg‡Kv wf cvKovZv nvq, KzËv Kv ev”Pv, †Zvg†Kv wf mv_ †g ¸wj K‡iMv|ÕÕ Avwg Avg© mve BÝ‡c±i nIqv m‡Z¡I GKRb mvaviY cvK†mbv Avgvi mv‡_ KzKz‡ii gZ eënvi Ki‡jv| `yt‡L Acgv‡b, j¾vq Avwg †hb Aek n‡q cojvg| cÖwZev` Ki‡Z PvBjvg me©kw³ w`‡q wKš‘ cvijvg bv| cÖwZev` Kivi †Kvb Dcvq wQjbv| ZvB I‡ì Amn¨ AvcwËKi Kvh©Kjv‡ci cÖwZev` Kwi bvB, mewKQy bxi‡e mn¨ K‡iwQ I‡ì h‡_”Q Kvh©¨Kjv‡ci bxie mv¶x n‡q i‡qwQ| ‡Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvi eivei †mvRvmywR wM‡q eyoxM½vi jÂNv‡Ui cv‡o `vuwo‡q †`Ljvg eyoxM½vi cv‡o jvk, weK…Z, ¶ZÐwe¶Z, AmsL¨ gvby‡li jvk fvm‡Q, fvm‡Q cywj‡ki †cvlvK civ exfrm jvk| †`Ljvg wewfbœ eq‡mi bvix cyi“l, e„×vÐhyev, hyeKÐhyeZx, evjKÐevwjKv, wK‡kviÐwkïi AmsL¨ jvk| hZ`~i Avgvi `„wó hvq †`Ljvg ev`vgZjx NvU †_‡K k¨vgevRvi NvU ch©¨š— b`xi cv‡o AmsL¨ gvby‡li exfrm cuPv I weK…Z jvk, A‡bK Dj½ hyeZxi 141

jvk †`Ljvg, GB c~Z cweÎ exiv½bv‡ì ¶Z we¶Z †hvwbc_ †`‡L g‡b n‡jv, cvÄvex †mbviv KzKz‡ii gZ I‡ì cweG †`‡ni Dci Svwc‡q c‡o I‡ì‡K h‡_”Qfv‡e al©Y K‡i ¸wj‡Z SuvRov K‡i b`x‡Z †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| A‡bK wkïi I †QvU †QvU evjKÐevwjKv‡ì †_Z‡j hvIqv jvk †`Ljvg| I‡ì‡K cv a‡i gvwU‡Z AvQwo‡q gviv n‡q‡Q| `vuwo‡q `vuwo‡q Akª“fiv †Pv‡L Avwg jvk †`LjvgÐjvk Avi jvkÐ AmsL¨ wbixn ev½vjxi jvkÐ cÖwZwU jv‡k †eq‡bU I †eU‡bi AvNvZ †`Ljvg, †`Ljvg KviI gv_v P~Y© weP~Y© n‡q Av‡Q, cvK¯nwj m‡gZ ürwcÛ †ei Kiv n‡q‡Q, cv‡qi wMU nv‡Z Kâv fv½v, Syj‡Q cvwb‡Z| mìNvU Uvwg©bv‡ji †k‡Wi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i ïay i³ Avi i³ †`LjvgÐÐÐ†`Ljvg gvby‡li ZvRv i³ GB eyoxM½v b`xi cv‡o| GB Uvwg©bvj †kW wQj 25†k gv‡P©i Kv‡jv ivwÎ‡Z I‡ì Rj−v`Lvbv| Iiv eû gvbyl‡K a‡i G‡b H Uvwg©bv‡j RevB K‡i †eUb I †eq‡bU w`‡q LyuwP‡q LuywP‡q nZ¨v K‡i †U‡b †nuPwo‡q cvwb‡Z ‡d‡j w`‡q‡Q| AmsL¨ gvbyl‡K Gfv‡e b`x‡Z †d‡j †Ìqvi cwi¯‹vi Qvc †`L‡Z †cjvg †mB i‡³i †mªv‡Zi g‡a¨| †k‡Wi evB‡ii cÖv½‡Y wM‡q †`Ljvg AmsL¨ KvK I kKzb gvby‡li †mB i‡³i †jv‡f fxo Ki‡Q| mìNvU Uvwg©bvj †_‡K fvivµvš— ü`‡q †ei n‡q c~e©w`‡K cvK†mbv‡ì mì AvDU †cv‡ói w`‡K †`Ljvg b`xi cv‡oi mg¯Z evwoNi f¯§ n‡q I‡ì b„ksmZv I exfrmZvi mv¶x n‡q `vwo‡q Av‡Q| †`Ljvg iv¯Zvi cv‡k¦© XvKv wgDwbwmcvwjwUi K‡qKwU gqjv cwi¯‹vi Kivi UªvK `vwo‡q Av‡Q, myBcviiv nvZ cvÕ a‡i †U‡b †nPwo‡q Uªv‡K jvk DVv‡”Q, cÖwZwU Ni †_‡K Avgv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b eû bvixÐcyi“l, evjKÐevwjKv, wK‡kviÐwkï I e„×Ðeyovi jvk myBcviiv †U‡b †U‡b Uªv‡K DVvw”Qj| cvÄvex †mbviv b`xi cv‡o `vwo‡q KzKz‡ii gZ wbg©g fv‡e cÖniv w`w”Qj| f‡q mš¿v‡m Avwg Avi G¸‡Z cvijvgbv| c~e© w`‡Ki iv¯—v w`‡q Avwg mìNv‡Ui Kvc‡oi evRv‡ii bxie wb_i iv¯—v a‡i mìNvU †ecwUó wgk‡bi †PŠiv¯—vi mg¥yL w`‡q bIqvecy‡ii w`‡K AMªmi nw”Qjvg| Avgv‡ì Kv‡iv kix‡i cywj‡ki †cvkvK wQjbvÐÐÐÐ Avwg Ges Avgvi mv‡_ AviI `yÕRb wmcvnx mvaviY ‡cvkvK c‡i `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiwQjvg| Kvc‡oi evRv‡ii Pviw`‡K i“cgnj wm‡bgv n‡ji myg¥y‡L me©Î wewfbœ eq‡mi AmsL¨ gvby‡li BZ¯—Zt Qov‡bv exfrm jvk †`Ljvg, eû hyeZx †g‡qi ¶Z we¶Z jvk ‡`Ljvg| L„óvb wgkbvix Awd‡mi mb¥y‡L, mìNvU evm ó‡c‡Ri Pviw`‡K, K‡jwR‡qU nvB¯Kzj, RMbœv_ K‡jR, cÖ‡MvR nvB¯Kzj, XvKv RR‡KvU©, cyivZb †óU e¨vsK wewìs, mìNvU wMR©v, bIqvecyi †iv‡Wi me©Î, K¨v_wjK wgk‡bi evB‡i Ges wfZ‡i Av`vjZ cÖv½‡Y eû gvby‡li g„Z‡`n †`Ljvg| iv¯—vq iv¯—vq †`Ljvg cywj‡ki †cvkvKciv eû g„Z‡`n, ivq mv‡ne evRvi eªxR cvi n‡q bIqvecyi †iv‡W cv w`‡qB †`Ljvg wenvix‡ì Dj−vk I Db¥Ë 142

jvdvjvwd, Iiv cïi gZ AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡o AmsL¨ evsMvjxi jvk cvwo‡q RqaŸwb K‡i wgwQj K‡i bIqvecy‡ii iv¯—vq †ei n‡q cowQj| cvÄvex †mbv KZ©„K wbwe©Pv‡i ev½vjx nZ¨vi Lykx‡Z †`Ljvg wenvixiv iv¯—vq c‡o _vKv wbixn ev½vjx‡ì jv‡ki Dci jvw_ gvi‡Q, †KD cÖmªve K‡i w`‡”Q, nvm‡Z nvm‡Z, iv¯—vq iv¯—vq wenvix GjvKvq †`Ljvg miy evu‡ki gv_vq ev½vjx evjK I wkïi jvk we× K‡i Lvov K‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q | †`Ljvg D¤§Ë wenvix RbZv iv¯—vq c‡o _vKv jvk¸wj‡K `v w`‡q Kzwc‡q KzwP KzwP K‡i †K†U Avb›` Ki‡Q, Dk„•Lj wenvix †Q‡jiv iv¯—vq †ewi‡q c‡o Dj−vk Ki‡Q, iv¯— vi `yB cv‡k¦© me©Î Av¸b Avi Av¸b †`Ljvg| wenvix RbZv iv¯—vi cv‡k¦©i cÖwZwU evox‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i Av¸b jvwM‡q w`‡qwQj, R¦jwQj ev½vjx‡ì Nievwo, AvmevecÎ cY¨`Öe¨, †cvkvK cwi”Q` g~jëvb wRwblcÎ| VvUvix evRv‡ii UªvwdK µwms‡q G‡m †`Ljvg GKwU hyeK †Q‡ji exfrm jv‡ki Dci †cU wP‡o evu‡ki jvwV Lvov K‡i, jvwVi gv_vq m¦vaxb evsjvi GKwU gwjb cZvKv Sywj‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q| jv‡ki Dci Rq evsjvi cZvKv Sywj‡q †i‡L wenvix RbZv Pviw`‡K `vuwo‡q †_‡K nvm‡Q, Dj−vm Ki‡Q| †`Ljvg jv‡ki Myn¨Øvi w`‡q jvwV XywK‡q Avb›` cÖKvk Ki‡Q| weRq bM‡ii iv¯—v a‡i Avwg kvwš—ev‡M Avgvi †KvqvU©v‡i AvmwQjvgÐ†`Ljvg ZLbI iv¯—vi Pvwicv‡k¦©i Nievwo R¦j‡Q| Avwg †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvq `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiZvg, 30‡k gvP© †KvZqvjx _vbvi g‡a¨ Avgiv Kvgovq Kvgovq cÖ‡ek K‡i †Ìqv‡ji me©Î Pvc Pvc i³ †`Ljvg,†`Ljvg _vbvi cvqLvbv, cÖkÖveLvbv I Abvb¨ †Ìqvj ¸wji AvNv‡Z SuvRov n‡q Av‡Q| 1971 m‡bi gvP© gv‡mi ci †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvi †Kvb ev½vjx cywjk‡K evB‡i ‡Kvb Un‡j cvVv‡bv n‡Zv bv, _vbvq ewm‡q ivLv n‡Zv| GK cvÄvex †gRi Avgv‡ì‡K Z`viK K‡i †h‡Zb gv‡S gv‡S G‡m| 5B GwcÖj Avgv‡ì mevB†K †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbv †_‡K ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b Avbv nq| cywjk jvB‡b G‡m Avgv‡ì e¨vivK †Kw›Ub, AvmevecÎ, †cvkvK cwi”Q` mewKQyi f¯§ QvB †`Ljvg| wZb b¤¦i e¨viv‡K cÖ‡ek K‡i Avgvi `yRb wcÖq wmcvnxi AwMœ`» jvk †`LjvgÐjv‡ki cv‡q ïaygvÎ eyU wQj, Zv‡ì †cvkvK cwi”Q` mviv †`n R¡‡j †kl n‡q wM‡qwQj| Avgvi wcÖq wmcvnx Rvnv½xi I Ave`ym mvjv‡gi exfrm jvk †`‡L Avwg Kvbœvq †f‡½ cojvg| jv‡ki w`‡K gv_v bZ K‡i Avgvi `yÕRb exi wmcvnx‡K mvjvg Rvbvjvg, Akª“wm³ bq‡b| cywjk jvB‡bi DËi c~e©w`‡Ki cyKz‡ii DËi cv‡o knx` wmcvnx‡ì h_v_© gh©v`vi mv‡_ mgvwnZ Kijvg| cywjk jvBb †_‡K cvÄvexiv P‡j †M‡jI ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b Pig fq fxwZ, mš¿vm I nZvkv weivR KiwQj| Avgiv me mgq g„Zy¨ f†q fxZ I AvZ¼Mª¯’ _vKZvg| XvKv wWwóª± we‡kl cywjk †dv‡m©i wiRvf© BÝ‡c±i wQ‡jb 143

G mgq †ev¯Zvb Lvuu bv‡g GK Pig ev½vjx we‡Ølx cvVvb f`Ö‡jvK| G f`Ö‡jvK cywjk jvB‡bi `vwqZ¡fvi MªnY K‡iB Pig mš¿v‡mi ivRZ¡ Kv‡qg K‡ib| wZwb 6B GwcÖj jvB‡b e‡mB ev½vjx cywj‡ki mv‡_ KzKz†ii gZ h‡_”Q eënvi Avi¤¢ K‡i †`b| jvB‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i m¦v¯nëvb, kw³Ðmg_© K‡b‡óej‡ì a‡i, nv‡oi wMivq wMivq †e`gfv‡e wcUywb †`b| Lyu‡R Lyu‡R Zvi cQ›` I B”QvgZ hv‡K B”Qv Zv‡KB a‡i gyw³ evwnbx e‡j XvKv †mbvwbev‡m †cÖiY K‡ib| †ev¯—vb Luv Gfv‡e cÖwZw`b †h mKj ev½vjx cywjk‡K XvKv †mbvwbev‡m a‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb Zviv Avi †Kvb w`b jvB‡b wd‡i Av‡m bvB| mv‡_ mv‡_ XvKv †mbvwbevm †_‡K wgwjUvix Uªv‡K K‡i cvÄvex †mbviv nVvr cywjk jvB‡b Dcw¯nZ n‡q ev½vjx cywjk‡ì Z`viK Avi¤¢ K‡i w`Zt cvBKvixfv‡e bvg I bv¤¦vi wRÁvmv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z AvK¯§vr A‡bK‡K ÔÔ‡Zvg kvjv gyw³ evwnbx nvq, P‡jvÕÕ e‡j Mi“i gZ ey‡Ui jvw_ gvi‡Z gvi‡Z Uªv‡K DwV‡q wb‡q †hZ| Avwg ZLb wc, Avi, GdÐGi †dvm© my‡e`vi wQjvg| wgwjUvix UªvK jvB‡b cÖ‡ek Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avwg †h †Kvb ARynv‡Z jvB‡bi evB‡i P‡j †hZvg| cvÄvex †mbviv jvB‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡j jvB‡bi me©Î †hb mevi gy‡L g„Zyï Kv‡jv Qvqv †b‡g Avm‡Zv| ev½vjx cywjk hvi hvi gZ e¨viv‡K cÖ‡ek K‡i I‡ì `„wói Avov‡j _vKvi †Póv Ki‡Zv| KviY I‡ì `„wó‡Z c‡o †M‡jB Iiv †h †Kvb ARynv‡Z ev½vjx cywjk‡ì wecbœ Ki‡Zv, wec`Mª¯n K‡i Zyj‡Zv| 1971 m‡bi †g gv‡m ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b cwðg cvwK¯Zvbx cvÄvex cywjk G‡m †M‡j cvVvb wiRvf© BÝ‡c±i KyKz‡ii gZ AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡o ej‡Z _v‡K ÔÔhvI kvjv †jvK †kvqvi Kv ev”Pv nvgviv e¨vivK †Quv‡ov, nvgviv Av`gx AvwMqv, kvjv †jvM, fv‡MvÕÕ| GK_v ejvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wenvix, cvÄvex, cvVvb cywjk I cwðg cvwK¯Zvbx cywjkiv †cvkvK cwi”Q`, AvmevecÎ mewKQy e¨viv‡Ki evB‡i †d‡j w`‡q Avgv‡ì Nv‡o a‡i †ei K‡i †`q| Avgiv ev½vjx cywjkiv Amnvq GwZ‡gi gZ Avgv‡ì †cvkvK cwi”Q` Kzwo‡q wb‡q jvB‡bi Av¯Zve‡j eviv›`vq Mv‡Qi wb‡P Db¥y³ cÖv½‡b AvkÖq MªnY Kwi| ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b †hvM`vb Kivi ci Avgiv †`‡LwQ cvÄvex †mbviv wgwjUvix Uªv†K I Rx‡c K‡i cÖwZw`b ¯Kzj, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎx‡ì XvKvi wewfbœ GjvKvi evwjKv hyeZx †g‡q I my›ìx igbx‡ì a‡i Avb‡Z _v‡K| AwaKvsk evwjKv, hyeZx †g‡qi nv‡Z eB I LvZv †`‡LwQ| cÖwZwU †g‡qi gyLgÛj welbœ, wegl©©, I welgq †`‡LwQ| wgwjUvwi Rx‡c I Uªv‡K hLb Gfv‡e hyeZx †g‡q‡ì ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b Avbv n‡Zv ZLb cywjk jvB‡b ‰n‰P c‡o †hZ, cvÄvex, wenvix I cwðg cvwK¯—vbx cywjk Rxf PvU‡Z PvU‡Z Uªv‡Ki mb¥y‡L G‡m †g‡q‡ì †U‡b †nuPwo‡q bvwg‡q wb‡q Zr¶Yvr †`‡ni †cvkvK cwi”Q` Kvco †Pvco Ly‡j Zv‡ì‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e 144

Dj½ K‡i Avgv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡bB gvwU‡Z †d‡j KzKz‡ii gZ al©Y Ki‡Zv| ivRavbxi wewfbœ GjvKv I AÂj †_‡K a‡i GmKj hyeZx †g‡q‡ì mvivw`b wbwe©Pv‡i al©Y Kivi ci ‰eKv‡j Avgv‡ì cywjk †nW‡KvqvU©vi wewìs Gi Dci Zv‡ì‡K Dj½ K‡i Py‡ji mv‡_ j¤¦v †jvnvi i†Wi mv‡_ †eu‡a ivLv nÔ‡Zv| iv‡Zi †ejvq Gme wbixn ev½vjx bvix‡ì Dci Aweivg al©Y Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv| Avgiv Mfxi iv‡Z Avgv‡ì †KvqvU©v‡i e‡m †g‡q‡ì AvZ©wPrKvi ï‡b AvK¯§vr mevB Nyg ‡_‡K †R‡M DVZvg| †mB fqvj I fq¼i wPrKv†i Kvbœvi †ivj †f‡m Avm‡Zv ÔÔevuPvI, Avgv‡ì evPuvI,†Zvgv‡ì cv‡q cwo, Avgv‡ì evPvuI, cvwb `vI, GK †dvUv cvwb `vI, cvwb cvwb !ÕÕ wgwjUvix UªvK I f¨v‡b cÖwZw`b cvÄvex †mbviv ivRavbx wewfbœ Rbc`, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKv †_‡K wbixn ev½vjx hyeK †Q‡j‡ì †PvL †eu‡a a‡i wb‡q †nW‡KvqvU©v‡i Awd‡mi K‡¶ K‡¶ Rgv‡qZ K‡i AK_¨ AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡Zv|†nW‡KvqvU©vi Awd‡mi Dci Zvjvq Avgv‡ì cÖ‡ek Kiv G‡Kev‡i wbwl× wQj| w`‡bi †ejvq cywjk jvB‡b c¨v‡i‡Wi AvIqv‡Ri Rb¨ DciZjv †_‡K wbh©vwZZ e›`x‡ì †Kvb AvZ©bv` Avgiv ïb‡Z †cZvg bv| mÜ¨vi ci Avgiv Avgv‡ì wbw`©ó †KvqvU©vi †_‡K Zv‡ì AvZ©bv` ïb‡Z †cZvg| mÜ¨vi ci cvK †mbviv wewfbœ cÖKvi e›`x‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi Pvwj‡q †hZ| Avi †jvnvi i‡Wi Dci Syjš— evwjKv, hyeZx bvix I i“cmx igbx‡ì Dci Pj‡Zv Aweivg al©Y, wbg©g AZ¨vPvi| e›`x‡ì nvnvKv‡i Avgvi A‡bK mgq G‡Kev‡i w`kvnviv n‡q coZvg, A‡bK mgq cÖwZev` ei‡Z PvBZvg| wKš‘ I‡ì kw³i †gvKv‡ejvq Avgv‡ì wKQyB Kivi wQjbv, Avgiv wKQyB Kwi bvB, Ki‡Z cvwi bvB| Gfv‡e cªwZw`b Ôgyw³ nvqÕ e‡j †h me wbixn ev½vjx †Q‡j‡ì †PvL ‡eu‡a cywjk jvB‡b G‡b †nW‡KvqvU©vi Awd‡m Rgv‡qZ Kvi nZ iv‡Zi †k‡l c‡ii w`b mKv‡j Avi G mKj e›`x‡ì †`Lv †hZbv Ges †m¯’v‡b bZyb e›`x‡ì G‡b ivLv n‡Zv| m¦v¶i/ÐLwjjyi ingvb 2Ð1Ð1974|

Ave`yj KzÏym wgqv wiRvf© BÝ‡c±i Ae cywjk we, Avi, wc, †nW †KvqvU©vi, ivRvievMvi, XvKv| (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ, c„ t 23Ð24)

1971 m‡bi 15B †g †_‡K ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b cwðg cvwK¯Zvbx cywjk‡ì Rgv‡qZ Kiv nq| cvÄvex cywjk jvB‡b G‡mB Avgv‡ì mv‡_ h‡_”Qv eënvi Avi¤¢ K‡i †`q; K_vq K_vq cwðg cvwK¯Zvbx cywjkiv Avgv‡ì ey‡Ui jvw_ I e›`y‡Ki evU w`‡q wcUv‡Z _v‡K, †PvL ivw½‡q ej‡Z _v‡K ÔÔk~qviKv ev”Pv, wn›`yKv jvoKv, †eCgvb kvjv †jvM, nvg‡jvM Av`gx 145

bvwn gvsZv, Rvwgb gvsZvÕÕ| Avgv‡ì‡K †nW‡KvqvU©v‡ii mKj K¶ †_‡K KzKzi weov‡ji gZ Zvwo‡q w`‡q †mLv‡b cwðg cvwK¯Zvbx cywjk‡ì hvqMv †Ìqv nq, Avgv‡ì †cvlvK cwi”Q`, Kvco, AvmevecÎ me evB‡i †d‡j †Ìqv nq, Avgiv Amnv‡qi gZ Avgv‡ì AvmevecÎ Zy‡j wb‡q AvmZve‡ji mvg‡b, e¨viv‡Ki eviv›`vq AvkÖq MªnY Kwi| cwðg cvwK¯Zvbx cywjk ivRvievM Avmvi ciB ev½vjx‡ì Dci wbg©g AZ¨vPvi †b‡g Av‡m| cÖwZ w`b ÔÔB‡q kvjv †jvM gyw³ nvqÕÕ e‡j eû wbixn ev½vjx hyeK‡K †PvL †eu‡a wgwjUvix UªvK I Rxc †_‡K Avgv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b bvwg‡q †nW‡KvqvU©vi wewìs‡qi Dci Zjvq wb‡q ivLv nq| mvivw`b Gfv‡e †PvL †eu‡a ev½vjx hyeK‡ì ivRvievM G‡b Rgv‡qZ Kiv nq Ges mÜ¨vi ci G me AmsL¨ ev½vjx hyeK‡K wgwjUvix Uªv‡K K‡i XvKv †mbv wbev‡m wb‡q nZ¨v Kiv nq| †nW‡KvqvU©v‡ii †ZZjv I PviZjvq eû hyeZx †g‡q‡K Dj½ K‡i ivLv nqÐcvÄvex †mbv I cwðg cvwK¯Zvbx cywjk Gme a‡i Avbv evwjKv I gwnjv‡ì Dci Aweivg al©Y Pvjvq| jvB‡b cywj‡ki Kji‡ei Rb¨ Avgiv AZ¨vPvwiZ †g‡q‡ì µ›`b †ivj ïb‡Z †cZvg bvÐ jvB‡bi `~‡i wM‡q ùvov‡jB awl©Zv †g‡q‡ì AvZ©bv` I AvnvRvwi ïb‡Z †cZvgÐiv‡Z awl©Zv †g‡q‡ì eyKdvUv wPrKv‡i Avgiv †KvqvU©v‡i Nygv‡Z cviZvg bvÐmvivivZ cwievi cwiRb wb‡q †R‡M _vKZvg | †nW‡KvqvU©vi wewìs †_‡K †f‡m Avmv awl©Zv †g‡q‡ì AvZ©bv‡` Avgiv ev½vjx †g‡q‡ì `y`©kv †`‡L `yt‡L, †¶v‡f, †e`bvq w`kvnviv n‡q c‡owQjvg| Avgiv H mKj Amnvq ‡g‡q‡ì D×vi Kivi Rb¨ wKQyB Kwi bvB, Ki‡Z cvwi bvB, KviY I‡ì‡K D×vi Kivi Rb¨, I‡ì AZ¨vPv‡i mnvbyf~wZ I ì` †`Lv‡bvi †Kvb my‡hvM Avgv‡ì wQjbv|†nW‡KvqvU©v‡ii †ZZjv I PviZjvq †hLv‡b ev½vjx†g‡q‡ì Dj½ Ae¯’vq Sywj‡q †i‡L al©Y Kiv nÕ‡Zv †mLv‡b me mgq cvÄvex ‰mbïv cÖnivq †gvZv‡qb _vK‡Zv†mLv‡b Avgv‡ì cÖ‡ek Kivi AbygwZ wQj bv| wgt †ev¯—vb Luv bv‡g GK cvÄvex f`ª‡jvK G mgq ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡bi wiRvf© Bbm‡c±i wQ‡jb| GB f`ª‡jvK Avgv‡ì jvB‡b `vwqZ¡fvi MªnY Kivi ci Avgv‡ì Dci me©w`K w`‡q AZ¨vPvi I `gb bxwZ Avi¤¢ n‡q hvq| cywjk jvB‡b KLb Avgv‡ì Dci g„Zyï Kovj Mªvm †b‡g Av‡m, Avgiv Gf‡q me mgq mš¿¯Z _vKZvg| 1971 m‡bi 4Vv GwcÖj ivRvievM cywjk jvBb †_‡K ZrKvjxb †óviÐBbÐPvR© cywjk mv‡R©›U wgt gyZ©Rv †nv‡mb Ges my‡e`vi Aveyj †nv‡mb Lvb Ges my‡e`vi †gv¯Zdv‡K XvKv †mbvwbev‡m wb‡q hvIqv nq| †mLv‡b cvÄvex †mbviv GB wZbRb ev½vjx cywjk‡K I‡ì K¨v‡¤ú wb‡q wM‡q wbg©g AZ¨vPvi PvjvqÐ cvÄvex †mbviv jvBb n‡q I‡ì‡K †NivI K‡i `vwo‡q dzU e‡ji gZ eyU w`‡q jvw_ †g‡i †Lj‡Z _v‡K| I‡ì wZb R‡bi †`n jvwV,†eZ eyU I ‡eq‡bU w`‡q Mi“i gZ wcwU‡q Pyigvi K‡i 146

†Ìqv nq, mviv †`n PvK PvK K‡i †K†U †Ìqv nq| I‡ì †`n i³v³ n‡q G‡Kev‡i Aek I APj n‡q †M‡j Zv‡ì wZbRb‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kivi wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq| I‡ì ¶Zwe¶Z i³v³ †`n †`‡L hv‡K Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kivi wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡qwQj, †mB cvVvb Zv‡ì‡K †Q‡o †`b| c`¯’ cvÄvex Awdmvi‡ì Zv‡ì nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ wZbwU duvKv ¸wji kã ïwb‡q †`q Ges e›`x‡ì evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb bv nIqv ch©š— AvZ¥†Mvcb K‡i _vKvi Rb¨ ejv nq| evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb nIqvi ci Avwg Dc‡iv³ wZb mnKg©xi wbKU D³ NUbv we¯ZvwiZ Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ| 1971 m‡bi wW‡mg¦‡i XvKv ivRavbx‡Z gyw³evwnbx I wgÎevwnbx mwg¥wjZ Awfhv‡bi gy‡L Avgiv ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡bi cwðg cvwK¯’vbx cywjk I cvÄvex †mbv‡ì †emvgvj Ae¯’v †`L‡Z cvB | evsjv‡`k gy³ n‡j wgÎevwnbx I gw³ evwnbx ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡bi mKj cwðg cvwK¯’vbx cywjk I cvÄvex †mbv‡ì e›`x K‡i wb‡q hvq|

m¦v¶i/Ð Ave`yj KzÏym 23Ð3Ð74 wiRvf© B‡Ý‡c±i Ae cywjk, we,Avi,wc, ivRvievM,XvKv|

Zvngxbv †eMg (w`cvjx) Mªvg t ‰eZcyi WvKNi I _vbv t ev‡MinvU ‡Rjv t Lyjbv (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„t 240Ð241)

24‡k GwcÖj cvK‡mbviv Kvovcvov †nv‡q ev‡MinvU Av‡m| G‡mB Kvovcvov GjvKv‡ZB 100 kZi Dc‡i †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i| bv‡Mi evRvi †ZjcwUª BZ¨vw` GjvKv Av¸b w`‡q cywo‡q †`Iqv ïi“ K‡i Ges e‡j †`q jyU Kivi Rb¨, gymjgv‡bi AwaKvsk Nievox me jyU Kiv ïi“ K‡i| ‡g gv‡m GLv‡b kvwš— KwgwU †mB m‡½ ivRvKvi evwnbx MVb nq cieZx©Kv‡j iRe Avjx dwKi kvw¯— KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb wbhy³ nb| mgMª ev‡MinvU GjvKv‡Z cvK †mbvi PvB‡Z ivRvKviivB AZ¨vPvi Pvwj‡q‡Q †ekx| kÖveY gv‡mi †k‡li w`‡K ev‡MinvU kni GjvKv‡Z hZ wn›`y wQj wKQy nZ¨v ev‡` mevB‡K gymjgvb a‡g© w`¶xZ K‡i| Gici Mªv‡gi w`‡K nvZ evovq Mªvg‡K Mªvg a‡i mevB‡K gymjgvb Ki‡Z _v‡K| Avwg Avgvi m¦vgx †Q‡j‡g‡q evev, gv, KvKv, KvKxgv Zv‡`i †Q‡j‡g‡q mevB Bmjvg a‡g© w`¶v wbB| wKš—y ivRvKviiv Gic‡iI AZ¨vPvi Ki‡Z Qv‡owb| GiciI AmsL¨ †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| 147

22‡k Avwk¦b ivZ wZbUvi w`‡K 50/60 Rb ivRvKvi Avgv‡ì evox wN‡i †d‡j| cÖ_‡g Zviv gyw³evwnbx e‡j cwiPq w`‡q _vK‡Z Pvq iv‡Zi gZ| A‡bK AbybqÐwebq K‡i| cª_‡g Avgvi fvB cÖ`xc ¸n †`‡LB wP‡bwQj Zviv ivRvKvi| ZvB †m Qv` w`‡q Mv‡Q †e‡q wcQ‡b bvgevi †Póv K‡i‡Q| Dci †_‡K wb‡P bvg‡jB ivRvKviiv a‡i ‡d‡j| I‡K wKQy `~i wb‡q wM‡q †e‡qv‡bU w`‡q Mjv †K‡U nZ¨v K‡i| Zvici evev KvKv Ges cv‡ki evoxi wZbRb‡K wKQy`~i wb‡q wM‡q wkivR gvóvi Ges Zvi `j ¸wj K‡i gv_v me Dwo‡q †`q| mKvj‡ejv Avgiv †mme jvk D×vi Kwi| nZ¨v K‡i evoxNi jyU K‡i me wb‡q P‡j hvq| Avgiv hviv †eu‡P wQjvg ev‡MinvU kn‡i Avwm| evox‡Z †Kej GKRb K…lvb Ges Avgvi 70 eQ‡ii e„×v w`w`gv‡K †i‡L Avwm| KvwË©K gv‡mi 12/13 ZvwiL n‡e| ivRvKviiv Avevi hvq Avgv‡ì Mªv‡g| òvUvbv b`xi Icvi †_‡K gyw³evwnbx †Mvjv¸wj Ki‡Zv| ZvB iRe Avjx AW©vi †`q mg¯Z GjvKv Nievox †f‡½ aŸsm K‡i MvQcvjv cwi¯‹vi K‡i †djvi Rb¨| Hw`b Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z †Xv‡K Ges w`w`gv‡K †jcKvu_v w`‡q Rwo‡q †K‡ivwmb †Zj †X‡j w`‡q cywo‡q nZ¨v K‡i| Av¸b w`‡j w`w`gv Avgvi KvKvi bvg a‡i evievi wPrKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| †kl ch©š— mg¯Z GjvKv cywo‡q aŸsm K‡i| †fvjv †evm‡K b„ksm fv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| ivav ej−f Mªv‡g †g‡q‡ì ivRvKviiv a‡i wb‡q Av‡m| ivRvKviiv mvivivZ cvkweK AZ¨vPvi Pvwj‡q w`‡bi †ejv ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i iv¯Zvq †d‡j iv‡L| ejivg mvnv‡K ivRvKviiv ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| Zvi weivU Mwì Dc‡i iRe Avjx emZ, Pvwiw`‡K ivRvKvi wN‡i _vKv‡Zv| ILv‡b GKwU N‡i †jvK‡ì RevB Ki‡Zv| cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b 10wU †jvK †hvMvo Ki‡ZB n‡Zv, 10wU K‡i RevB Ki‡ZvB| †jvK bv cvi‡j †h fv‡eB †nvK dwKi †nvK G‡b w`‡ZB n‡Zv| Avwg GKw`b GK †jv‡Ki mycvwik Ki‡Z wM‡q †`Ljvg N‡ii wfZi Pvc Pvc i³ c‡o‡Q| g`‡bi gvV Iqvc`v †ió nvD‡m GKwU K‡¶ AmsL¨ †jvK‡K RevB K‡i‡Q| LvÏvi Mªv‡g GK evox †_‡K mevB‡K a‡i G‡b nZ¨v K‡i| WvK evsjv Nv‡U cÖZ¨n AmsL¨ †jvK‡K RevB K‡i‡Q †e‡qv‡bU w`‡q| GK e„× ivg`v w`‡q AmsL¨ †jvK‡K †K‡U‡Q| †m wcV †mvRv n‡q `vuov‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| †jvK a‡i ej‡Zv Ôevev bxPy nI Zv bB‡j KvU‡Z Avgvi Kó nq| ZvovZvwo e‡m co †Zvgv‡ì KóI Kg n‡e, AvgviI Kó Kg n‡e| BmnvK wgqvi evox‡Z A‡bK †g‡q AvkÖq wb‡qwQj| Zv m‡Ë¡¦I †KD †invB cvqwb| mg¯Z GjvKv‡Z mš¿v‡mi ivRZ¡ Kv‡qg K‡iwQj| Mªvg Mªvgvš—i †_‡K e¨vcKfv‡e wn›`y †g‡q a‡i cvK‡mbv‡ì nv‡Z Zy‡j w`Z ivRvKviiv| GQvov ivRvKviiv Mªv‡g Mªv‡g Xy‡K AwaKvsk †g‡qi Dci cvkweK AZ¨vPvi Pvwj‡q‡Q| 148

ev‡Mi nvU _vbvi gxR©vcyi Mªvg Ges mvivMªv‡g eû †g‡q AcgvwbZv n‡q AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i‡Q wel cv‡b †KDev Mjvq `wo w`‡q| ivRvKvi, AvjÐe`i G‡`i gvbyl Pig fv‡e N„Yv Ki‡Zv| Avgvi g‡b nq mg¯— evsjv‡`‡k ivRvKviiv Ggb fv‡e mš¿vm Avi b„ksm AZ¨vPvi †Kv_vI Pvjvqwb| b`xi Nv‡U `woevuav Ae¯nvq GK gv‡m 4/5wU †jvK‡K Mjv KvUv Ae¯nvq †c‡qwQ| Mjv m¤c~Y© KvU‡Zv bv Aí †K†U †Q‡o w`‡Zv, QUdU K‡i †kl n‡q †hZ| nvwo Lvjx‡Z (ev‡MinvU _vbv) weòy gnvkq‡K Zvi †eŠ‡qi KvQ †_‡K †Rvi K‡i †K‡o wb‡q AviI cvuPRb‡K a‡i Ii ¯¿xi mvg‡b ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq mvivMªv‡g| we,G, cvk GK †g‡q‡K a‡i AZ¨vPvi Pvwj‡q Qywi w`‡q nZ¨v K‡i| g`‡bi gv‡Vi GK N‡i Iiv wbqwgZ gvbyl †K‡U‡Q| m¦v¶i Zvngxbv †eMg (w`cvjx) 3.8.73

‡gvmvg¥r g‡bvqviv LvZyb Mªvgt mj½v ga¨cvov fignbx _vbvt ivqMÄ ‡Rjvt cvebv (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„t 192Ð193)

1971 mv‡ji fv`Ögv‡m (15 ZvwiL) gymjxg jx‡Mi Ab¨Zg `vjvj `~ieZ©x Zvivk _vbvi K¨v¤c †_‡K GK`j cvwK¯—vbx Lvb †mbv‡`i mj½v evRv‡ii w`‡K †jwj‡q †`q| ejv cÖ‡qvRb †mB mgq wKQy msL¨K gyw³ evwnbx mj½v evRv‡i ivRvKvi K¨v¤c Avcv‡ikb Kivi Rb¨ †Mvc‡b Pvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q wQj| wVK H Zvwi‡LB AviI 20/25 Rb Lvb KzKz‡iiv jvwnox †gvnbcyi †_‡K ¯úxW †evU †hv‡M mj½v evRv‡ii w`‡K P‡j Av‡m| mj½v evRv‡i G‡m Zviv evRv‡ii PZyw`©K cÖ`w¶Y K‡i| †Kvb iKg `y¯K…ZKvix‡K bv †c‡q Zviv Avcb K¨v‡¤ci w`‡K iIqvbv nq| hvIqvi c‡_ cvK ‰mb¨ Avgv‡`i evox‡Z Xy‡KB Avgv‡K I Avgvi k¦vïox‡K †`L‡Z cvq| BwZc~‡e©B Avgvi m¦vgx Rxe‡bi f‡q evox †_‡K m‡i c‡o| cvK ‰mb¨ Avgvi k¦vïox‡K D`y©‡Z e‡j †h, ÔÔB‡q eywogv †Zvg Rj`x †nuqv‡Q fvM hvI|ÕÕ eyox Rxe‡bi f‡q evoxi evB‡i P‡j hvq| Avwg ZLb cvK †dŠ‡Ri nv‡Zi Zj w`‡q †`Š‡o cv‡ki evox‡Z AvkÖq †bB| cvK †dŠR ZLb †`Šo w`‡q †mB evox‡Z Xy‡K c‡o| Avwg ZLb D³ evoxIqvjvi hyeZx †g‡q‡K Rwo‡q awi| cvK †dŠR ZLb D³ hyeZx †g‡q‡K bv a‡i Avgv‡K †Rvi K‡i Zvi nvZ †_‡K wQwb‡q †bq| Avwg ZLb ewj †h evev Zywg Avgvi gvbnvwb †Kv‡ivbv, †Zvgvi cv‡q awi wgbwZ Kwi| ZLb cvK†dŠR D`y©‡Z e‡j †h, Zywg Avgv‡K evev †ev‡jvbv, Avwg 149

†Zvgvi fvB Avi Zywg Avgvi gv‡qi †c‡Ui †evb| GB K_v KqwU e‡j Avgvi nvZ a‡i †Rvi K‡i cieZ©x evox nvi“ Kweiv‡Ri cv‡Ki N‡i Xy‡K c‡o| Zrci Avgvi Dci cvkweK AZ¨vPvi Avi¤¢ K‡i| Avgvi kix‡ii Dc‡i AgvbywlK Dcv‡q al©Y I g`©b Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i †`q| Avwg ZLb A‰PZb¨ Ae¯nvq gvwU‡Z c‡o _vwK| Lvb wckvP Zvi Kvg evmbv Z„wß K‡i Acivci Lvb †mbv‡ì Zv‡ì Kvg evmbv PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ ûKzg †`q| GB msev` ï‡b Lvb KzKzi‡ì AviI PviRb Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡m c‡o| Avgv‡K Zviv AviI e‡j †h, †Zvgvi m¦vgx †Kv_vq, †m bvwK gyw³ †dŠR, †m bvwK jyU K‡i‡Q? Aek¨ me K_v D`y©‡Z wRÁvmv K‡i| ZLb Avwg ewj †h, bv bv, me wg_¨v K_v, evev Avgvi m¦vgx Ime wKQyB K‡i bvB ev †m †Kvb gyw³ †dŠR bq| ZLb Lvb `myïv Avgvi N‡ii wfZi Xy‡K Zj−vkx Pvjvq| N‡i Xy‡K †Kvb iKg jy‡Ui gvjcÎ Zviv †`L‡Z cvq bv| Zviv ïay ZvgvK I ZvgvK ‰Zixi gmjvw` †`L‡Z cvq| KviY Avgvi m¦vgx GKRb `wi`ª ZvgvK eëmvqx| Lvb †mbviv Avgv‡K Rvbvq †h, Zywg GLv‡b _vK, Avgiv evB‡i †_‡K GLwb Avm&wQ| Zv‡ì KzgZje eyS‡Z †c‡i Avwg `y‡i GKUv evoxi w`‡K Qy‡U hvB| †mLv‡b wM‡q †`L‡Z cvB †h AviI GK`j Lvb‡mbv GKwU wn›`y †g‡q‡K †Rvi K‡i UvbvUvwb Ki‡Q Zv‡ì Kvg evmbv wgUv‡bvi Rb¨ H †`‡L Avwg AviI `y‡ii evox‡Z wM‡q AvkÖq †bB| Zvici †`L‡Z †cjvg Lvb †mbviv ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡ì ¯úxW †ev‡Ui w`‡K AMªmi n‡Z _v‡K Gi ci ciB Zviv evRvi †Q‡o K¨v‡¤ci w`‡K AMªmi nq| wUcmwn/Ð g‡bvqviv LvZyb|

‡iev ivYx bv_ WvK I _vbv t Wygywiqv ‡Rjv t Lyjbv

(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„t 236Ð237)

Ryb gv‡mi †k‡li w`‡K Avgiv cv_iNvUv n‡q fvi‡Z hvw”Qjvg | `‡j wQjvg cÖvq 8/10 nvRvi †jvK, mevB Avgiv fvi‡Z hve| ivZ †_‡K mKv‡j 8/9Uvi w`‡K Avgiv hv‡nvK wKQy ivbœv evbœv K‡iwQ Ggb mgq 3/4 Mvox wgwjUvix Av‡m| m‡½ m‡½ cvK‡mbviv ¸wj Pvwj‡q eû †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Ges eû †jvK‡K a‡i Mvox‡Z †Zv‡j| cÖ‡Z¨K Mvox‡Z 15/20 Rb K‡i †g‡q‡ì Zy‡j †bq| ILv‡bB A‡b‡Ki Dci cvkweK AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq| cvKNvuwU SvDWv½v‡Z Avgv‡ì wb‡q hvq| †Q‡j¸wj‡K GKRvqMvq K‡i ¸wj K‡i mevB‡K nZ¨v K‡i ïay Avgv‡ì‡K wb‡q hvq| ILv‡b wM‡q 50/60Rb †g‡q‡K †`Ljvg wewfbœ RvqMvi, SvDWv½viI A‡bK †g‡q †`Ljvg| A‡bK 150

K‡j‡R cov wek¦we`¨vj‡q cov †g‡q‡K †`Ljvg| cvK‡mbviv Avgv‡ì 4/5w`b iv‡L| ILv‡b 3/4wU Zvuey wQj| GK GKwU mx‡Ui Kv‡Q 2/3wU †g‡q wb‡q G‡m ivL‡Zv| cvK‡mbviv †Rvi K‡i ai‡j `ywU †g‡q wKQy‡ZB Zv‡ì wkKvi n‡Z Pvq bv| ZLb cvK‡mbviv fxlYfv‡e ‰`wnK cxob K‡i ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| cvK‡mbviv GK`j memgq N‡i _vK‡Zv, Aci`j Avmv ch©š— Avgv‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡Zv| Avwg †h Zvuey‡Z wQjvg †mLv‡b 15/16wU †g‡q wQj| mxU wQj 8/10wU| cvK‡mbviv hLb ZLb Avgv‡ì Dci ‰`wnK cxob Pvjv‡Zv| cÖvq me mgq wewfbœ ¯nvb †_‡K cvK‡mbviv Avm‡Zv Avi Avgv‡ì Dci AvZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡Zv| cvK‡mbviv ej‡Zv evsjv‡`k n‡ebv, †Zvgv‡ì Avgv‡ì m‡½B _vK‡Z n‡e, †Rvi Ki‡j ¸wj | Avgv‡ì Dci GKB mgq 5/7wU K‡i cvK‡mbv AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡Zv| wewfbœfv‡e Zviv Zv‡ì †hŠb ¶yav wbe„Ë Ki‡Zv| Avgv‡ì 4 w`‡bi g‡a¨ 1 w`b fvZ w`‡qwQ‡jv| GKR‡bi mv‡_ AciR‡bi K_v ej‡Z w`b bv| Avgiv ILv‡b wn›`y †g‡q †ekx wQjvg wKš‘ mevB Avgiv gymjgvb e‡j cwiPq w`B| Avgv‡ì Mv‡q e−vDR ivL‡Z w`Z bv| mevB‡K †Kej kvox cwi‡q ivL‡Zv| Avgvi _vK‡Z AviI cÖPyi †g‡q‡K a‡i Av‡b| cvK‡m‡biv ZLb Avgv‡ì ivRvKvi‡ì nv‡Z Zy‡j †`q| cÖ‡Z¨K ivRvKvi GK GKRb‡K wb‡q hvq| Avgv‡K GK ivRvKvi Zvi evox‡Z wb‡q hvq| 3/4w`b ivRvKviwU Avgvi Dci AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq| ivRvKviwUi †eŠ Ges gv wb‡la Ki‡j ¸wj Ki‡Z †h‡Zv| Gici ILvb †_‡K ivRvKv‡ii gv Ges †eŠ‡qi mnvqZvq cvwj‡q fvi†Z P‡j hvB| †mLv‡b †Mvj cyKzi K¨v‡¤ú _vKZvg| †`k m¦vaxb n‡j †`‡k wd‡i Avwm| Avwg ZLb 7/8 gv‡mi Aš—tmË¡v wQjvg| Avwg bvix cyb©evmb †K‡›`ª Av‡e`b Kwi mgvRKj¨vb `ß‡ii gva¨‡g| IivB Avgvi wPwKrmv Ges Kv‡Ri eë¯nv K‡ib| m¦v¶i/Ð ‡iev ivYx bv_ 25/7/73

Beªvwng f~Bqv jvB‡eªixqvb, wk¶v I M‡elYv BbwówUDU, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ, c„ t 18)

1971 m‡bi †m‡Þ¤¦i gv‡m Avwg Mªv‡gi evox hvIqvi Rb¨ XvKv mìNv‡Ui w`‡K iIqvbv n‡qwQjvg| mìNvU Uvwg©bv‡ji cÖ‡ek c‡_ mk¯¿ cvÄvex †mbv‡ì cÖnivq †gvZv‡qb †`Ljvg| wKQy¶Y c‡i GK AwZ e„× 151

f`ª‡jvK gywÝMÄ hvIqvi Rb¨ Uvwg©bv‡j Avm‡jb| m‡½ Zvi becwiwYZv cyÎeay Ges hyeZx †g‡q wQj| cvÄvex †mbviv Avgv‡ì mevB‡K Zj−vwk Ki‡Z ej‡jv ÔÔB‡q †`v AvIivZ bvwn hv‡qMxÕÕ| e„× wbi“cvq n‡q KvbœvKvwU K‡i mvg‡b hv‡K cvq Zv‡KB Rwo‡q a‡i ej‡Z _v‡Kb, ÔÔAvcbviv Avgvi †g‡q I cyÎ eay‡K euvPvb|ÕÕ wKš‘ Avgv‡ì wKQyB Kivi wQj bv| B”Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Avgiv †mB Amnvq hyeZx †g‡q `yRb i¶v Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb K_v ej‡Z cvwi bvB, wKQyB Ki‡Z cvwi bvB| Avgv‡ì mK‡ji †Pv‡Li mvg‡b cvÄvex †mbviv AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡o hyeZx †g‡q `yÕwU‡K ‡U‡b †nuPwo‡q I‡ì Avgx© Uªv‡K DwV‡q wb‡q ‡Mj|†g‡q `yÕwU G mgq Ki“Y AvZ©bv‡` †f‡½ c‡owQj| `yÕN›Uv ci Avevi hyeZx †g‡q `yÕwU‡K wdwi‡q wb‡q Gj| †`Ljvg †g‡q `ywUi Pjvi †Kvb kw³ bvB, G‡jv‡g‡jv Pyj, Akªy fiv gyLgÛj| Avgiv j‡Â iIbv n‡q †Mjvg| ÔcvMjviÕ Gg, Gg I‡qj cvK Avgx© NvwU‡Z Avgv‡ì jÂ AvUwK‡q Zj−vwk Pvjv‡bv nqÐcvK †mbviv hvÎx‡ì g~jëvb gvjvgvj jyU K‡i wb‡q hvq| j‡Â `vwo‡q Avgvi †`LjvgÐI‡ì Kvgovi Rvbvjvi mb¥y‡L PviwU ev½vjx hyeZx †g‡q G‡jv‡g‡jv Py‡j Ki“Y I Amnvq `„wó‡Z Avgv‡ì w`‡K ZvwK‡q Av‡Q| Rvbvjv w`‡q Zv‡ì †`‡ni hZUyKz †`Lv †Mj Zv‡Z g‡b n‡jv Zv‡ì‡K wee¯¿ K‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| eyoxM½v b`x‡Z 15Ð20 Rb K‡i GK mv‡_ `wo w`‡q evuav ev½vjx hyeK‡ì eû jvk fvm‡Z †`Ljvg | 1971 m‡bi A‡±vei gv‡mi GK w`b Avwg evox‡Z wQjvg| mKvj bqUvi mgq Avwg evMov evRv‡i wM‡qwQjvg evRvi Ki‡Z| eû †jv‡Ki mgvMg wQj| evRv‡ii `w¶Y w`‡K cÙv b`x| c~‡e©i w`b mÜ¨vq cvK †mbv‡ì †bv½i Kiv w÷gviwU cÙvi NvU †Q‡o P‡j hvw”QjÐ w÷gv‡ii Pvwiw`‡K mk¯¿ cvK †mbviv cÖnivq †gvZv‡qb wQj| AKm¥vr †`Ljvg cvK †mbviv w÷gvi †_‡K m‡Rv‡i †U‡b GKwU jvk ‡d‡j w`‡”QÐw÷gvi `„wói evB‡i P‡j hvIqvi ci Avgiv †bŠKv wb‡q wM‡q †`Ljvg GK ¶Z we¶Z hyeZxi exfrm Dj½ jvk| GQvov Kvke‡bi cv‡o c‡o Av‡Q dzjv exfrm jv‡ki Mv‡j I †`‡ni Ab¨vb¨ ¯nv‡b ¶Z wPý †`Ljvg| Zvui Wvb w`‡Ki ¯Z‡bi †evUv Zy‡j †bIqv n‡q‡Q| m¦v¶i/ÐBeªvwng f~Bqv 8/6/74

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL ‡KD cvkweKZv †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ ‰`wbK AvRv` 8 gvP©, 1972 cvqwb|

(`wjjcÎ 8g LÛ c„ t 567)

ev‡iv eQ‡ii KwP wK‡kvix wKsev cÂv‡ki e„×v 152

‡KD cvkweKZv †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ cvqwb \ Aveyj †nv‡mb gxi \

ÔÔDavi AvU‡Vv jvk n¨vq| KzIv‡Q wLjvbv n¨vq, wLjv‡`v| AvDi bv wKwm‡Kv †`bv n¨vq †` †`v| hvI, †hv †Zvgnviv gwR© K‡iv|ÕÕ cvK Rj−v`†ì K_v¸‡jv AweKj g‡b †i‡L‡Qb Avwgi †nv‡mb| wVK †Zgwb gyL weK…Z K‡i kã¸‡jv †kvbv‡jb Avgv‡ì| K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKv †Q‡o Avgiv cwðg w`‡Ki g‡bvnicyi Mªv‡g wM‡q DV‡ZB †`Lv n‡qwQj Avwgi †nv‡m‡bi mv‡_| Avwgi †nv‡mb gyw³ evwnbx‡K †Mvc‡b Z_¨ mieiv†ni Kv‡R wb‡hvwRZ wQ‡jb| cvK evwnbxi nv‡Z aivI c‡ob| `xN© Pvigvm nvbv`vi‡ì bi‡K KvUvevi ci †mŠfvM¨µ‡g Qvov †c‡q hvb| Qvov †c‡q evox †divi c‡_ Mvu‡qi wemy gÛ‡ji evoxi Kv‡Q †`Lv nq GK`j `myï mv‡_| †mB `my¨‡ì GKRb Avwgi †nv‡mb‡K †kvbvq Dc‡iv³ K_v¸‡jv| wZwb K cv G¸‡ZB mwZ¨ mwZ¨B †`L‡Z cvb nvZ cv evuav Dj½ Ae¯’vq AvUwU gi‡`n| Zv‡ì Kv‡iv Kv‡iv kix‡ii wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨½ wew”Qbœ Kiv| weg~p Avwgi †nv‡mb †`qvjUv †f‡½ jvk¸‡jv gvwUPvcv w`‡q P‡j hvb Avcb N‡ii w`‡K| bxj †e`bvZ© ü`‡q| Avwgi †nv‡m‡bi KvQ †_‡K Rvbv †Mj K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui AmsL¨ nZ¨vh‡Ái Kvwnbx| wZwb ej‡jb, †m‡fb wdì A¨v¤¦y‡j‡Ýi I, wm †jt K‡Y©j Avãyj nvB‡qi jvk nZ¨vi `yÔw`b ci Avbv nq wm, Gg, GBP G| Zvui jvk cvIqv hvq M¨vwikb wm‡bgv nj msjMœ cwðg w`‡Ki ZvjZjvq| Zvui Zj‡c‡U m‡ZiwU ey‡j‡Ui wPý wQj| GB †Kv¤úvbxi †KvqvU©vi gvóvi K¨v‡Þb †k‡Li fv‡MÏ GKB cwiYwZ N‡UwQj| Avwgi †nv‡mb Zvui AwfÁZv †_‡K Av‡iv Rvbv‡jb, wmÐGgÐGBPÐGi bvwm©s óvd nvwej`vi Avãyj Lv‡jK Ges Zvi m½x dRi Avjx I GKRb my‡e`vi Gg, AvB i“‡g Jla Avb‡Z hvIqvi c‡_ ivbI‡qi wbKUeZx© ìRvi Kv‡Q wdì G¨v¤¦y‡j‡Ýi wmcvBiv Zv‡ì‡K ¸jx K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| G Qvov wmÐGgÐGB‡Pi gmwR‡ì Bgvg‡KI Zviv ¸jx K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| nZ¨v Kivi Av‡M `myïv Bgvg mv‡ne‡K K‡jgv co ej‡j wZwb kÖ×vi mv‡_ cweÎ K‡jgv Ave„wI K‡i †kvbvb| wKš— R‰bK `my¨ gyL weK…Z K‡i e‡j, kvjv MÏvi GK gvIjvbv K‡jgv fx co‡b †bnx m¨vK&Zv| Avwgi †nv‡mb Rj−v`†ì binZ¨vi cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© ej‡jb, ev½vjx‡ì a‡i G‡b cÖ_‡g AvB, Gm, AvB, AZtci †mLvb †_‡K 614 Gg, AvB, BD Ges c‡i 409 wR, GBP, wKDG cvwV‡q†`qv n‡Zv| 614 Gd, AvB, BD‡ZB bvwK wRÁvmvev‡ì R‡b¨ K‡Vvi wbh©vZb Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv| Gg, B, G‡mi R‰bK Kg©Pvix nv‡iQ DÏxb Rvbvb †h, 30‡k gvP© wZwb †MªdZvi nb| 153

14 w`b a‡i K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui †fZ‡i cvK †mbvevwnbxi Rj−v†ìv Zvi Dci AgvbywlK AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq| nv‡iQ DÏx‡bi KvQ †_‡K K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U Ae¯nvbiZ ZrKvjxb mvgwiK evwnbxi ev½vjx Kg©Pvix‡ì cwiev‡ii gwnjv‡ì GKwU e›`x wkwe‡ii mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q| †m Rvwb‡q‡Q †h, 55 bs wdì †iwR‡g‡›U AvwU©jvixi d¨vwgjx †KvqvU©v‡ii ev‡iv †_‡K cÂvk eQi eq‡mi `yÔk cPvbeŸB Rb †g‡q‡K H mgq AvUK K‡i †i‡L cÖwZw`b iv‡Z Zv‡ì Dci cvkweK AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv| wZwb Av‡iv Rvbvb †h, Zv‡ì †mjwU wKQyUv `~‡i n‡jI cÖwZw`b iv‡ZB †f‡m Avm‡Zv †g‡q‡ì Ki“Y AvZ©bv`| †mB mv‡_ ee©i cvK †mbv‡ì ‰ckvwPK Dj−vmaŸwb evZv‡mi m‡½ wg‡k GK gg©we`vix `„‡kï m„wó Ki‡Zv| cÖwZw`b we‡K‡j R‰bK my‡e`vi G‡m GBme †g‡qiv †K †Kv_vq hv‡e ZviB GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯—Z K‡i †h‡Zv| AZtci mÜ¨v n‡jB D³ wjó †gvZv‡eK wba©vwiZ †g‡qwU‡K cvVv‡bv n‡Zv wba©vwiZ ¯nv‡b| KL‡bv KL‡bv Avcb †Lqvj Lykx‡Z evB‡i wb‡q G‡m cvnviviZ KzKz‡ii `j Dchy©cwi bvix al©‡Y wjß n‡Zv| GKw`b GKwU †g‡q‡K GBfv‡e cici †PŠÏRb wbh©vZb Pvjv‡j †g‡qwU msÁv nvwi‡q †d‡j| wKš— ZeyI `ye©„Iiv Zv‡K †invB †`qwb| A‰PZb¨ Ae¯nvqB wb‡R‡ì jvjmv PwiZv_© K‡i‡Q| †g‡qwUi cybivq Ávb wd‡i Avm‡Z bvwK 36 N›Uv mgq †j‡MwQj| Rbve nv‡iQ e‡jb, †PŠÏw`b ci Zv‡K †K›`ªxq KvivMv‡i cvwV‡q †`qv nq| Zvici H gwnjv e›`x wkwe‡ii evwm›`v‡ì cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© wZwb wKQyyB ej‡Z cv‡ib bv| Aci GKwU gwnjv wkwe‡ii K_vI wZwb D‡j−L K‡ib| 25‡k †m‡Þ¤¦i †RjLvbv †_‡K cybivq Zv‡K K¨v›Ub‡g›U wb‡q Avmv n‡j †m_vq Gd, AvB, BDÐG Zvi Dci bZybfv‡e wbh©vZb Kiv nq| †mLv‡b wZwb 12bs Gd, AvB, BD e¨viv‡Ki 10bs i“‡g eû gwnjv‡K e›`x Ae¯nvq †`L‡Z cvb| cÖwZiv‡Z H Ni †_‡K Zv‡ì PxrKvi ïbv †h‡Zv| Ges GKB Dcv‡q Zviv cvkweK wbh©vZb Pjv‡Zv| GBme †g‡q‡ì †hŠeb mvaviYZ t AwdmviivB Dc‡fvM Ki‡Zv| G m¤¦‡Ü nv‡iQ DÏxb Av‡iv e‡jb e›`xwkwe‡ii gwnjv‡ì mvaviYZ t wZb fv‡M fvM K‡i ivLv n‡Zv| cÖ_g fv‡M wQj hyeZx, wØZxq fv‡M gaëqmx Ges Z„Zxq fv‡M K‡qK mš—v‡bi gvZv| wZwb ¯Kzj K‡j‡Ri my›ìx †g‡q‡ì †c−‡b K‡i XvKv cvVv‡ZI †`‡L‡Qb| nv‡iQ DÏx‡bi eY©bv †_‡K Av‡iv A‡bK Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| `Lj`viiv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui wfZ‡i AvÛvi MªvDÛ †mj ‰Zix K‡iwQj| h‡kvi cZ‡bi ci wVK Ggwb GKwU †mj †_‡K 113 Rb‡K D×vi Kiv n‡qwQj| mevB RxweZ Ae¯nvq _vK‡jI Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖvY wQ‡jvbv ej‡jB P‡j| Av‡jv evZvm I Lv‡`ï Afv‡e gvsmnxb n‡q Zv‡ì kixi G‡Kev‡iB †f‡½ c‡owQj| nvWwW KsKvjmvi †`n¸wj Amn¨ wbh©vZ‡bi R¡vjv enb K‡i G‡bwQj| 154

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL `vbexi b~ZbP›`ª wmsnI evuP‡Z ‰`wbK evsjv 13 GwcÖj, 1972 cv‡iwb| (`wjjcÎ 8g LÛ c„ t 576)

`vbexi b~ZbP›`ª wmsn t MZeQi GB w`‡b Lvb †mbviv Zvu‡K wbôyifv‡e nZ¨v K‡iwQj

Zvui GKgvÎ B‡”Q wQj wZwb †h‡bv †`‡ki gvwU‡Z †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †m B”Qv Zuvi c~iY n‡q‡Q| †`‡ki gvwU‡Z wZwb gi‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| Z‡e eo wbôyifv‡e cÖvY w`‡Z n‡q‡Q Zvu‡KÐKL‡bv †KD hv KíbvI K‡iwb| MZ eQi GB 13B GwcÖj PÆMªv‡gi A`~‡i wb‡Ri nv‡Z Mov Kz‡Ûk¦ix fe‡b Zvu‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| Kz‡Ûik¦ix we`¨vcx‡Vi cÖwZôvZv evey b~Zb wms‡ni K_v ejwQ| GwcÖ‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K PUªMªvg kn‡ii cZb n‡qwQj| 13 Zvwi‡L cvK evwnbx Kz‡Ûk¦ix Avµgb K‡i| evey b~Zb wmsn ZLb gw›`‡i cªv_©bv KiwQ‡jb| m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvi ci PÆMªvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖvq 47 Rb Aa¨vcK m¯¿xK AvkÖq wb‡qwQ‡jb †mLv‡b| ‰mq` Avjx Avnmvb, Wt G, Avi, gwj−K, Wt Avwbmy¾vgvb, Wt †KvivBkx cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡j−L †hvM¨| PÆMªvg †_‡K AvMiZjv hvIqvi c‡_ Rbve Gg, Avi, wmwÏKxI Kz‡Ûk¦ix‡Z AvkÖq wb‡qwQ‡jb| cvK evwnbxi AMªMwZi Lei ï‡b mevB Kz‡Ûk¦ix †Q‡o fvi‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv n‡q hvq| evey b~Zb wmsn‡K hvIqvi K_v ej‡j wZwb ivRx nbwb| e‡jwQ‡jb, hw` gi‡Z nq †`‡ki gvwU‡ZB gie| A‡bK cxovcxwoi ciI Zv‡K ivRx Kivb †Mj bv| Gw`‡K cvKevwnbx `yªZ GwM‡q AvmwQj| 13B GwcÖj cvKevwnbx Kz‡Ûk¦ix fe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i| ‡Q‡jiv Av‡MB cvwj‡q wMqvwQj| evey b~Zb wmsn ZLb gw›`‡i cÖv_©bv KiwQ‡jb| R‰bK mvjvnDÏxb Zvu‡K †mLvb †_‡K †U‡bwnuP‡o evB‡i wb‡q G‡mwQj| Zvui †Pv‡Li mvg‡b gw›`i Dwo‡q w`‡qwQj| Zuvici Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj b„ksmfv‡e| †gRi wZbwU ¸wj Kivi ciI mvjvnDÏxb wifjev‡ii ¸wj Qyu‡owQj byZb eveyi w`‡K| wZwb jywU‡q c‡owQ‡jb| †Zgwb gyL _ye‡o c‡owQ‡jb wZb w`b|

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjj cÎt Aóg LÛ c„ôv 481Ð482

155

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL Ôee©iZvi †iKW©Õ ‰`wbK AvRv` 3 †deªyqvix, 1972

ee©iZvi †iKW© \ iwng AvRv` cÖ`Ë \ ewikvj t Ôgnv‡`‡ei RUv †_‡KÕ bq evsjv gv‡qi bvox wQu‡o Rb¥ w`‡qwQ‡jb †h †mvbvi †g‡q †m fvMxi_x‡K Iiv R¨vš— Rx‡c †eu‡a kn‡ii iv¯—vq †U‡b †U‡b nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Lvb `myïv nq‡Zv ciL Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj Iiv KZLvwb b„ksm n‡Z cv‡i| ej‡Z nq G‡¶‡Î Iiv ïay mdjB nqwb, ee©iZvi me †iKW© Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| Aóv`kx fvMxi_x wQj ewikvj †Rjvi wc‡ivRcyi _vbvi evNgviv K`gZjxi GK weaev cj−xevjv| we‡qi GK eQi ci GKwU cyÎ mš—vb †Kv‡j wb‡qB Zv‡K eiY K‡i wb‡Z nq myKwVb ‰eae¨| m¦vgxi we‡qvM e¨_v Zvui ZLbI Kv‡Uwb| GiB g‡a¨ †`‡k †b‡g Gj Bqvwnqvi SwUKv evwnbx| MZ †g gv‡mi GK weKv‡j Iiv PovI n‡jv fvMxi_x‡ì Mªv‡g| nZ¨v Ki‡jv A‡bK‡K hv‡K †hLv‡b †hfv‡e †c‡jv| G wbwe©Pvi nZ¨vh‡Ái g‡aÏ fvMxi_x‡K Iiv gvi‡Z cvi‡jvbv| Ii †`njveY¨ `my¨‡ì g‡b †h jvjmv RvwM‡qwQj Zv‡ZB nvi gvbj Zv‡ì i³ wccvmv| I‡K Uªv‡K Zy‡j wb‡q Gj wc‡ivRcy‡i| Zvici K¨v‡¤c Zvi Dci Pvjv‡bv n‡jv wnsmª cvkweK AZ¨vPvi| mZx bvix fvMxi_x| G cwiw¯nwZ‡Z g„Zy¨‡K wZwb GKgvÎ cwiÎv‡Yi Dcvq e‡j fve‡Z jvM‡jb| fve‡Z fve‡ZB GK mgq Gj bZyb wPš—v Ð nu¨v g„Zy¨B hw` eiY Ki‡Z nq I‡ìBev †invB †è †Kb? fvMxi_x †KŠk‡ji AvkÖq wbj Gevi| GLb Avi Aeva¨ †g‡q bq `¯— igZ Lvb‡ì Lykx Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij, I‡ì Av¯’v AR©‡bi AvcÖvY †Póv Pvjv‡Z jvM‡jv| ‡ekxw`b jvM‡jvbv, Aí KÕw`‡bB bvix †jvjyc Bqvwnqv evwnbx Ii cÖwZ `vi“Y AvKl©Y Abyfe Kij| Avi GB my‡hv‡M fvMxi_x I‡ì KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wb‡Z ïi“ Kij cvK evwnbxi me †Mvcb Z_¨| GK ch©v‡q wek¦vm fvRb fvMxi_x‡K Iiv wb‡Ri N‡iI †h‡Z w`j| Avi †Kvb evuav †bB| fvMxi_x GLb wbqwgZ mvgwiK K¨v‡¤c hvq Avevi wd‡i Av‡m wbR Mªv‡g| GiB g‡a¨ PZyiv fvMxi_x Zvui g~j j¶¨ AR©‡bi c‡_I GwM‡q ‡Mj A‡bKLvwb| †Mvc‡b gyw³ evwnbxi mv‡_ M‡o Zyjj Nwbó †hvMv‡hvM| GiciB Gj Avmj my‡hvM| Ryb gv‡mi GKw`b fvMxi_x Lvb †mbv‡ì wbgš¿Y Ki‡jv Zvui wbR Mªv‡g| Gw`‡K gyw³ evwnbx‡KI ‰Zix ivLv n‡jv h_vixwZ| 45 Rb Lvb †mbv †mw`b nvm‡Z nvm‡Z evMgvi K`gZjv G‡mwQj 156

wKš‘ Zvi g‡a¨ gvÎ 4/5 Rb K¨v‡¤c wdi‡Z †c‡i‡Q ey‡j‡Ui ¶Z wb‡q Kvuu`‡Z Kvu`‡Z| evwKiv fvMxi_xi Mªv‡gB wkqvj KzKzi kKz‡bi †LvivK n‡q‡Q| Gici Avi fvMxi_x I‡ì K¨v‡¤c hvqwb| IivI ey‡S‡Q, GUv ZviB KxwZ©| KxwZgvbiv ZvB ûKzg w`j RxweZ A_ev g„Z fvMxi_x‡K †h awi‡q w`‡Z cvi‡e Zv‡K bM` GK nvRvi UvKv cyi¯‹vi †`qv n‡e| wKš‘ fvMxi_x ZLbI Rvb‡Zvbv Ii Rb¨ AviI `ytmn fwel¨r A‡c¶¨ Ki‡Q| GKw`b ivRvKvi‡ì nv‡Z aiv co‡jv fvMxi_x| Zv‡K wb‡q Gj wc‡ivRcyi mvgwiK K¨v‡¤c| Lvb †mbviv Gevi fvMxi_xi Dci Zv‡ì wnsmªZvi cix¶vi Av‡qvRb Ki‡jv| GK nvUev‡i Zv‡K kn‡ii iv¯—vq G‡b `vuo Kiv‡bv n‡jv Rbeûj †PŠgv_vq| †mLv‡b cÖKv‡k¨ Zvi A½veiY Ly‡j †djj K‡qKRb Lvb †mbv| Zvici `yÕMvwQ `wo Ii `yÕcv‡q †eu‡a GKwU Rx‡c †eu‡a R¨vš— kn‡ii iv¯— vq †U‡b †eovj Iiv gnvDrm‡e| N›UvLv‡bK ivRc_ cwiµgvi ci Avevi hLb wd‡i Gj †mB †PŠgv_vq ZLbI Ii †`n cÖv‡Yi ¯ú›`b i‡q‡Q| Gevi Zviv `yÕwU cv `yÕwU Rx‡ci mv‡_ †eu‡a wbj Ges Rxc `yÕwU‡K Pvwj‡q w`j wecixZ w`‡K| fvMxi_x `yÕfvM n‡q †Mj| †mB `yÕfv‡M `yÕRx‡c Avevi kni cwiµgv †kl K‡i Rj−v` Lvbiv Avevi wd‡i Gj †mB †PŠgv_vq Ges GLv‡bB †d‡j †i‡L †Mj Ii weK…Z gvsm¸‡jv| GKw`b `yÕw`b K‡i †m gvsm¸‡jv H iv¯—vi gvwUi mv‡_B GKvKvi n‡q †Mj GK mgq| evsjv gv‡qi fvMxi_x Ggwb fv‡e Avevi wg‡k †Mj evsjvi aywjKYvi mv‡_|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL igbv cv‡K©i ea¨f~wg ‰`wbK evsjv 9 †deªyqvix, 1972

igbv cv‡K©i ea¨f~wg t ¶‡q hvIqv †cvlvK †`‡L wK Zv‡`i mbv³ Kiv hv‡e ? \ nvwmbv Avkivd \

(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„ t 483)

igbv cv‡K©i DËi c~e©© †KvYUv wK cvK mvgwiK P‡µi †Kvb ea¨f~wg A_ev mgvwa¯’j ? ivRavbx XvKvi †K›`ª¯n‡j Aew¯nZ igbv cv‡K©i DËi †KvYUvq †hw`‡K f~Zc~e© †cÖwm‡W›U nvD‡mi mxgvbv ïi“ n‡q‡Q, Zvi †_‡K wKQyUv †fZ‡ii w`‡KB GwU Aew¯’Z| cy‡iv RvqMvUvB cÖvq Ry‡o i‡q‡Q, †e¸bx e‡Y©i †ev‡Mb wfjv ev evMvb wejv‡mi iwOb KzÄ| 157

GB †SvcwUi bx‡P eo eo K‡qKwU M‡Z© Ges cv‡ki DPy bxPy ¯nv‡b BZ¯—Z t Qwo‡q i‡q‡Q biKsKv‡ji Aw¯n Ges gv_vi Lywj| gvwUi mv‡_ mgvb n‡q Qwo‡q Av‡Q nVvr †`L‡j †evSv hvqbv| RvqMvUv †h mwZ¨Kvi KZLvwb we¯—„Z evi †_‡K Zv AvR eySvi Dcvq †mB| Z‡e GLvbKvi A‡bK‡B Rvwb‡q‡Q †h, cïiv AmsL¨ gvbyl‡K Uªv‡K K‡i ‡cÖwm‡W›U nvD‡mi g‡a¨ wb‡q nZ¨v Kivi ci M‡Z©i g‡a¨ cy‡Z ivL‡Zv| e„wói cvwb‡Z MZ©¸‡jv hLb f‡i hvq ZLb cvwbi mv‡_ mv‡_ KZK¸‡jv AvacuPv jvk Ges m‡½ AmsL¨ ¯Kzj, K‡j‡Ri eB †f‡m DVZ| Gme jv‡ki g‡a¨ K‡qKwU jv‡ki j¤¦v Pyj Ges †`‡ni MVb †`‡L gwnjv e‡j †Pbv wM‡qwQj| igbv cv‡K©i wbf©„Z GB cÖv‡š— †Kvb& nZfvMv fvB‡evb‡ì mgvwa ¯nj †h iwPZ n‡qwQj KsKv‡ji Aw¯n Avi fMœ Lywji gv‡S AvR Zv Rvbv hv‡e bv| Z‡e cÖkœ Rv‡M g‡b Giv wK †mB nZfvMv cywjk fvB‡ì †KD, hviv Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq `my¨ Bqvwnqv‡K cvnviv †èvi Rb¨ †cÖwm‡W›U nvD‡m wbhy³ n‡qwQj; cÖkœ Rv‡M g‡b, Giv wK †mB QvÎ fvB‡ì †KD, hviv ïay †`k †cÖ‡gi kc_ wb‡q Rxeš— AvZ¥vi ZvwM‡` ïb¨ nv‡Z i“‡L ùvwo‡qwQj Rj−v` cvK evwnbxi wei“‡× ?

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL iscyi †RjvUvB †hb ‰`wbK evsjv 19 Rvbyqvix, 1972 ea¨f~wg

iscyi †RjvUvB †hb ea¨f~wgt wk¶K kÖwgK QvÎ wKlvY wKlvYxi AZjvš— †mB i³‡mªvZ

(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„ t 487Ð489)

ÔÔAvevi †Mvj‡hvM n‡j Avgv‡ì cvjv‡bvi RvqMv Av‡Q| fvi‡Z wM‡q AvkÖq †b‡ev, †eu‡P hv‡ev| fvB, Avcbviv hv‡eb †Kv_vq? Avcbv‡ì †h Avi †Kvb c_ iB‡jvbv|ÕÕ wcÖq gymwjg mnKwg©‡ì Rb¨ AK…wÎg mg‡e`bvq mnKvix Aa¨vcK †iRvDj nK‡K GB K_v¸‡jv e‡jwQ‡jb ewikvj †Rjvi Awaevmx Aa¨vcK ivgK…ò AwaKvix| 1969 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m| AvBqy‡ei †hvM¨Zi DËimywi i³ wccvmy bqv mvgwiK kvmK Bqvwnqvi mvgwiK kvmb Rvix‡K †K›`ª K‡iB Zv‡ì g‡a¨ K_v nw”Qj| wKš‘ bv| Aa¨vcK AwaKvix cvjv‡Z cv‡ibwb| evPuv‡ZI cv‡ibwb Zvi cÖvY| Zvi GB Zrch©en gš—‡eï mv¶x †Ìqvi Rb¨ †mŠfvM¨µ‡g Aa¨vcK †iRvDj nK AvRI †eu‡P Av‡Qb| 1971ÐGi 25†k gvP© Bqvwnqvi Rj−v` evwnbxi Avµgb ïi“i ci Aa¨vcK AwaKvix cvwj‡q wQ‡jb| MvBev›`v 158

gnKzgvi my›ìM‡Ä wM‡qwQ‡jb| hvIqvi mgq Aci mnKwg© Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡kg‡K e‡j‡Qb UvKv cqmv †bIqvi Rb¨ †KD hw` †g‡i †d‡j Zv‡ì nv‡Z gi‡ZI ivRx AvwQ| wKš‘ ee©i Lvb‡mbv‡ì nv‡Z bq| †eZb †bIqvi Rb¨ iscy‡i G‡mwQ‡jb| wKš‘ †eZb wb‡q Avi wd‡i †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| 1971 mv‡ji 30‡k GwcÖj| iscyi KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri 2 gvBj `w¶Y c~‡e© `g`gvi cy‡ji bx‡P Zvi Aci wZb mnKwg© imvq‡bi †jKPvivi Kzwgj−vi kÖx KvwjPvu` ivq I Zvi wcZv, `k©‡Yi †jKPvivi ewikv‡ji kÖx mywbj eiY PµeZ©x I MwY‡Zi †jKPvivi ewikv‡ji kÖx wPËiÄb iv‡qi mv‡_ Lywb cvK †mbv‡ì ¸wj‡Z cÖvY nvivb| evox wM‡qB †invB †bB

iscyi KvigvB‡Kj K‡j‡Ri D`y© wefv‡Mi cÖavb Aa¨vcK kvn †gvnvg¥` †mvjvqgvb w`bvRcy‡i Zvi Mªv‡gi evox‡Z wM‡qwQ‡jb| Mªv‡gi evox †_‡KB †mbvevwnbx Zv‡K a‡i wb‡q hvq| Zvici Zvui Avi †Kvb †LvuR Lei cvIqv hvqwb| wZwb Kv‡R †hvM w`‡Z cv‡ibwb

imvq‡bi †jKPvivi KzwoMªvg gnKzgvi bv‡Mk¦ixi Awaevmx Rbve Avãyi ingvb †g gv‡mi †kl w`‡K Kv‡R †hvM †Ìqvi Rb¨ iIbv n‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvui Kv‡R †hvM †Ìqv Avi nqwb| ZLb nqZ G `yÕRb Aa¨vcK‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Lvb †mbv‡ì nv‡Z b„ksmfv‡e wbnZ n‡q‡Qb iscyi kn‡ii wewkó mgvR Kg©x I ivR‰bwZK †bZv Rbve BqvKze gvndzR Avjx| GwcÖj gv‡mi †Mvovi w`‡K iscy‡ii k¥kvb Nv‡U Zvi mv‡_ Av‡iv 10 Rb‡K GK m‡½ nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q GK w`‡b| Avi cvK †mbv‡ì AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi c~e© g~û‡Z© 12B wW‡m¤¦i †_‡K 16B wW‡m¤¦‡ii †Kvb GK mg‡q iscyi evi Gi wewkó AvBbRxwe GKwbô ivR‰bwZK Kg©x iscyi †Rjv b¨v‡ci fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U kÖx wk‡eb gyL©vRx‡K m¤¢eZt nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kl w`‡K wZwb w`bvRcy‡i †R‡j wQ‡jb| 11B wW‡m¤¦i Zv‡K gyw³ †Ìqvi bvg K‡i w`bvRcyi †Rj †_‡K †ei K‡i Avbv nq| Zvici Avi wk‡eb eveyi †Kvb †LvuR †g‡jwb| KZ †h ea¨f~wg

‡MvUv †Rjvq cÖwZwU kn‡i gnKzgvq, _vbvi Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P, KZ †h ea¨f~wg Av‡Q Zvi Aš— bvB| wek, cuwPk, cÂvk bq, †hLv‡b kZkZ GgbwK nvRvi nvRvi †jvK‡K †g‡i‡Q Ggb ea¨f~wg ¸wji g‡a¨ D‡j−L Kivi gZ iscyi kniI m`i gnKzgvi bweinvU, RvdiM‡Äi cyj, wbk‡eZMÄ, k¥kvb NvU (iscyi kn‡ii Kv‡Q) mv‡neMÁ Ges iscyi kn‡ii Kv‡Q gWvb© wm‡bgv n‡ji wcQ‡b Ges †`wecyi| 159

Gme GjvKvq gvby‡li nvo‡Mvo AmsL¨ c‡o Av‡Q| fvj K‡i Lbb Kiv n‡j kZkZ bq nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li KsKvj Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e| iscyi kn‡ii DcK‡Ú KzKzi‡Yi we‡j eû gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| MvBevÜv

G Qvov MvBevÜv kn‡ii †njvj cvK©, jvjgwYi nvU, kni, Ges ‰mq`cy‡i nvRvi nvRvi wbi¯¿ Amnvq gvbyl‡K b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| my›ì Mvbyi GjvKv †_‡K eû N‡ii gv, ‡evb‡ì a‡i G‡b cvkweK jvjmv PwiZv_© K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| iscyi kn‡ii DcK‡Ú Aew¯nZ DËg bvgK ¯nv‡bi wi·v PvjK Avnve DwÏb gWvb© wm‡bgv n‡ji wcQ‡bi GKw`‡bi nZ¨vKv‡Ûi GKRb cÖZ¨¶`k©x| MZ b‡e¤¦i gv‡mi 8 Zvwi‡L Avwg hLb iscyi †ij‡ók‡b Avgvi wi·vi †LvuR cvB ZLb Ryg¥vcvov wbevmx cvK evwnbxi R‰bK `vjvj Avgv‡K b¨v‡ci Kg©x wnmv‡e `y®K…ZKvix I gyw³ †dŠR e‡j cvK evwnbx‡K mbv³ K‡i †`q| ZLb cvK evwnbxi †Rvqvbiv Avgv‡K AvUK K‡i iscyi gWvb© n‡j wb‡q hvq| †mLv‡b Avgv‡K 14w`b AvUK K‡i iv‡L| AvUK Ae¯nvq cvÄvex cywjk Avgvi `yÕnvZ †eu‡a Sywj‡q †i‡L Avgv‡K AgvbywlK AZ¨vPvi K‡i| †Ziw`b ci Avgv‡K I Avgvi mv‡_ AvUK Av‡iv 13Rb †jvK‡K h_vµ‡g jvjgwYi nv‡Ui GK ¶wÎq †g‡q wRbwK, gv‡jKv, MvBevÜvi Avjx †nv‡mb, dvi“K, cjvk evoxi Avkivd Avjx iscyi Dckn‡ii wi·v PvjK Avjx I Ab¨vb¨ mevB‡K ivwÎ 10 Uvi mgq gW©vb n‡ji wcQ‡b wb‡q hvq| Avgvi mvg‡b wZbRb cvÄvex cywjk (G‡ì g‡a¨ AvRgj Lvb bvgK GK my‡e`vi c‡i gyw³ evwnbxi nv‡Z wbnZ n‡q‡Q) cici cvuPRb‡K h_vµ‡g wRbwK, gv‡jKv, Avjx †nv‡mb, dvi“K I Avi GKRb‡K hvi bvg Rvwbbv Avgvi mvg‡b RevB K‡i‡Q| ZLb Avwg AÜKv‡ii my‡hvM wb‡q cÖvYf‡q nvgv¸wo w`‡q cv‡ki R½‡j jywK‡q AvZ¥i¶v Kwi Ges c‡i my‡hvM ey‡S cvwj‡q hvB| hLb Avwg gW©vb n‡j AvUK wQjvg ZLb †mLv‡b 340 Rb †jvK wQj| Zv‡ì Dci †h AgvbywlK AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiv hvqbv| wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL KsKv‡ji wgwQj GLv‡b ‰`wbK msev` 3 †deªyqvix, 1972

bicï cvK‡mbv‡`i aŸsmh‡Ái Avi GK Aa¨vqt KsKv‡ji wgwQj GLv‡b

(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„ t 491Ð492)

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwU M„nv½b †hb GK GKwU ea¨f~wg| cÖwZwU wfUv GK GKwU knx` wgbvi| cj−xi k¨vgj w`Mš— ZvB †e`bvq gwjb| we¯—„Z gv‡Vi 160

gvwU Nv‡m †j‡M Av‡Q knx‡ì i³| biwms`x kn‡ii A`~‡i biwms`x Zviv‡ev iv¯—vi LvUviv cyjwUI nvbv`vi Rj−v†ì GKwU ea¨f~wg| bi wckvPiv GB †mZywU‡K cwiYZ K‡iwQj wbh©vZb †K‡›`ª I ea¨f~wg‡Z| nv‡qbvi `j cvk¦©eZx GjvKv †_‡K Zi“Y, Zi“Yx, †Q‡j ey‡ov wbwe©Pv‡i mKj‡K a‡i wb‡q Avm‡Zv GLv‡b| I‡ì Dci Pj‡Zv wbh©vZb| wbh©vZ‡bi ce© PyK‡j Zv‡ì nZ¨v K‡i jvk¸‡jv cy‡ji Av‡k cv‡k gvwU Pvcv w`‡q ivLv n‡Zv| nZ¨vjxjvi bxie mv¶x GB cy‡ji Pvwiw`‡K eû bi K¼vj I gv_vi Lywj AvRI Qwo‡q Av‡Q| e¨vcK AbymÜv‡b cvK evwnbxi wbôyiZg wbh©vZb I cvBKvix bi nZ¨vi A‡bK gg©š‘` Kvwnbx cÖKvk n‡Z cv‡i e‡j mK‡j g‡b K‡ib| ¯nvbxq mgvR Kg©xiv AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q BwZg‡a¨B LvUviv cy‡ji Av‡k cv‡ki cwZZ Rwg †_‡K eû bi K¼vj D×vi K‡i‡Qb| Gme bi K¼v‡ji g‡a¨ GKwU K¼vj R‰bK gwnjvi e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q| K¼vj ¸‡jvi Av‡k cv‡k cvIqv †cvkvK cwi”Q` Qvov Ab¨ wKQy Øviv nZ fvM¨ e¨w³‡K mbv³ Kiv m¤¢e bq| ‡Zgwb Abygv‡bi wfwË‡Z H K¼vjwU †Kvb hyeZxi e‡j aviYv n‡”Q| KviY K¼vjwUi nv‡Z Kvu‡Pi Pywo i‡q‡Q| Av‡iv GKwU K¼vj mbv³ Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b| GB K¼vjwU wkecyi _vbvi Kivi Pi Mªv‡gi R‰bK e¨w³i| †cvkvK cwi”Q` †`‡L Av‡iv `ywU K¼vj mbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| m¤¢e K¼vj `ywU biwms`x gnvwe`¨vj‡qi wb‡LvuR `yRb wn›`y Aa¨vc‡Ki e‡j D×viKvixiv aviYv K‡i‡Qb| ZvuZ e‡¯¿i Rb¨ mgwaK cÖwm× †m‡Li P‡ii R‰bK mgvRKg©x Avgv‡ì cÖwZwbwa‡K Rvbvb †h, wewfbœ GjvKv †_‡K hyeZx‡ì a‡i G‡b nvbv`vi cvK †mbviv biwms`x †Uwj‡dvb GK‡P‡Ä wb‡R‡ì cvkweK cÖe„wË PwiZv_© Ki‡Zv| hviv bi cï‡ì Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡Zvbv Zv‡ì nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv| Zvici †mB g„Z‡`‡ni Dci cvkweK cÖe„wË PwiZv_© K‡i jvk¸‡jv †d‡j †Ìqv n‡Zv| GB GK‡PÄB bi cïiv K¨v¤c Ly‡jwQj| GLvb †_‡KB bicïiv `vjvj‡ì mvnv‡h©¨ iv‡Z Mªv‡g nvbv w`‡q evsMvjx bi bvix‡ì a‡i Avb‡Zv| Zvici Zv‡ì Dci Pvjv‡Zv ee©i AZ¨vPvi| wbh©vZb †k‡l Zv‡ì GB LvUviv cy‡ji Kv‡Q G‡b nZ¨v Ki‡Zv| cvuP‡`vjvcyj I LvUvivcyj QvovI Av‡iv K‡qKwU ea¨f~wg i‡q‡Q biwms`x‡Z| †m¸‡jv n‡”Q cywUqv cyj, mvb‡Lvjv cyj, Lvwmi w`qv, ivqcyiv _vbvi nvUy fvsMv, ev`yqvi Pi †ijcyj| Gme ea¨f~wg‡Z KZ ev½vjx jvwÃZv awl©Zv, gv †ev‡bi we‡`nx AvZ¥v Av‡Rv nvnvKvi K‡i wdi‡Q Zvi wn‡me †KD w`‡Z cvi‡ebv| evsjvi gvbyl‡ì nZ¨v K‡i, Zv‡ì emZ evwU Rvwj‡q, m¤cwË jyU K‡i K…l‡Ki Mevw` cï RevB K‡i, gv‡Vi dmj webó K‡iB Gme bi cïiv ¶vš— nqwb, Zv‡ì aŸsm hÁ †_‡K i¶v cvqwb wk¶v I ag©xq cÖwZôvb, 161

GgbwK gmwR` gw›ì MxR©vI| m¨vi †KwR ¸ß nvB ¯KzjwUI GBme ee©i cïiv AwMœms‡hv‡M fm¥xf~Z K‡i| wRbviw` GjvKvi Awef³ evsjvi K…Zx mš—vb m¨vi †K, wR ¸ß 1919 mv‡j biwms`x Zviv‡ev iv¯—vi cv‡k GB ¯KzjwU ¯nvcb K‡ib| Zvi bvgvbymv‡iB ¯KzjwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq| GB ¯‹z‡ji mwbœK‡U Aew¯nZ cvuP‡`vjvcyj| GLv‡bB wQj bi cï‡ì GKwU K¨v¤c| bicïiv bvix wbh©vZ©b, bvix al©Y, jyÚb I MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡Zv GLvb †_‡K| bi cï‡ì Reve w`w”Q‡jv gyw³ evwnbx| gv‡S gv‡S gyw³ evwnbx cvK †mbv‡ì Avµgb K‡i Dchy³ cÖwZ‡kva MªnY Ki‡Zv| AZwK©Z Avµg‡Yi Rb¨ gyw³ †mbviv ¯KzjwU‡K eënvi Ki‡Zv eg© wnmv‡e| ZvB cvK †mbviv wk¶v cÖwZôvbwU‡Z AwMœ ms‡hvM K‡i| eZ©gv‡b GB ¯Kz‡ji †Kvb wPý Aewkó †bB| ¯Kz‡ji weÁvb wefv‡Mi cÖvq 20 nvRvi UvKvi hš¿cvwZ GB me A¶iÁvbnxb cïiv bó K‡i w`‡q‡Q| wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL Avi GK ea¨f~wg ‰`wbK evsjv 3 †deªyqvix, 1972 PUªMªv‡gi `vgcvov

Avi GK ea¨f~wg PÆMªv‡gi `vgcvov t Bqvwnqvi Rj−v` evwnbx GLv‡b K‡qK nvRvi †jvK nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| \wbRm¦ cÖwZwbwa \

(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„ t 494Ð495)

PÆMªvg, 31‡k Rvbyqvix| GB kn‡ii `vcvov&&¯’ Mixeyj−v kvn&i gvRv‡ii cv‡k GKwU †jvgnl©K ea¨f~wg Avwe¯K…Z n‡q‡Q| MZ 30‡k gvP© †_‡K wR‡m¤¦‡ii cÖ_g mßvn ch©š— GB ea¨f~wg‡Z ee©i cvK evwnbx cÖvq K‡qK nvRvi †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q| ea¨f~wgi ¯nvbwU Avgv‡K †`wL‡q‡Qb Mixeyj−v kvn&i gvRv‡ii msjMœ †`vKvb`vi bvwmi Avng`| MZ 25†k gvP© †_‡K 16B wW‡m¤¦i evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb bv nIqv ch©š— GB nZ¨vh‡Ái †lvj AvbvB wZwb m¦P‡¶ †`‡L‡Qb| GB `xN© mg‡q wZwb Zvui †`vKv‡bB wQ‡jb| bvwmi Avng` Avgv‡K e‡j‡Qb, MZ 30‡k gvP© †_‡K wW‡m¤¦‡ii cÖ_g mßvn ch©š— AwZwi³ e„wói w`b Qvov cÖZ¨n mÜ¨vq Kov wgwjUvix cvnvivq cvuP †_‡K Qq UªvK †evSvB ‡jvK wb‡q Avmv nZ| GB nZfvM¨‡ì †PvL Kvco w`‡q evuav _vK‡Zv| Zv‡ì ea¨f~wg‡Z bvwg‡q w`‡q UªvK ¸wj P‡j †h‡Zv| GB nZfvM¨‡ì ga¨f~wg‡Z jvBb w`‡q `vuo Kwi‡q ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv| Zvici Ab¨ GK`j wgwjUvix UªvK wb‡q ea¨f~wg‡Z G‡m jvk ¸wj UªvK †evSvB K‡i Ab¨Î mwi‡q wb‡q †hZ| 162

bvwmi Avng` Avgv‡K Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb †h, wbqwgZ GB nZ¨vh‡Ái ïi“‡Z jvk cyuZevi Rb¨ ea¨f~wgi cv‡k GKwU Mfxi MZ© Lbb Kiv nq| gvÎ K‡qK w`‡b jv‡k GB Mfxi MZ© fwZ© n‡q †M‡j m`¨ giv jvk ¸wj‡K Uªv‡K Pwo‡q Ab¨Î mwi‡q †djvi eë¯nv Kiv nq| Avgvi Aby‡iv‡a bvwmi Avng` GB M‡Z©i gyL †_‡K mvgvb¨ gvwU mwi‡q cvuPwU biKsKvj DVvb| Zvui g‡Z †mB M‡Z© Kg‡c‡¶ cvuP nvRvi biKsKvj i‡q‡Q| GB †jvgnl©K ea¨f~ywg Pvwiw`‡K cvnvo w`‡q ‡Niv| ea¨f~wgi Pvwiw`‡K wew¶ßfv‡e Qwo‡q i‡q‡Q nZfvM¨‡ì RvgvÐKvco RyZv cÖf„wZ| gvwU‡Z i‡q‡Q Pvc Pvc we¯—i i‡³i `vM hv cÖgvY K‡i‡Q †h MZ wW‡m¤¦‡ii cÖ_g w`‡K GLv‡b K‡qKÕk †jvK‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q! ea¨f~wgi cv‡k nvuUvi mg‡q gvwU‡Z Avwg †MvUv`k myÜI †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ| G‡Z cÖgvwYZ n‡”Q †h, †ijI‡q †cvU© Uªvó Ges Ab¨vb¨ Awd‡mi †hme nZfvM¨ Awdmvi wb‡LvuR i‡q‡Qb, Zvu‡ì A‡bK‡KB GB ea¨f~wg‡Z nZ¨v Kiv n‡‡q‡Q| bvwmi Avng‡ì g‡Z AZ¨vPv‡ii Kv‡jv w`b ¸‡jv‡Z ee©i cvK evwnbx GB ea¨f~wg‡Z K‡qK nvRvi †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| wZwb ej‡Qb †h, wbqwgZ GB nZ¨vh‡Ái ïi“‡Z †PvL evuav Ae¯nvq ea¨f~wg‡Z Avbv GK `j †jvK‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Ki‡j ¸wji AvIqv‡R nZfvM¨‡ì jvBb K‡i `vuov‡bv Ab¨`j g„Zy¨ f‡q PxrKvi Ki‡Zv e‡j c‡i ivB‡d‡j mvB‡jÝvi jvwM‡q ¸wj K‡i gvivi c×wZ cÖewZ©Z nq| wbqwgZ GB †jvg nl©K nZ¨vKv‡Ûi AviI `yBRb mv¶x cvIqv †M‡Q| Giv n‡”Qb Mixeyj−vn kvn&i gvRv‡ii `v‡ivqvb Avãyj ReŸvi|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL bv‡Uv‡ii QvZbx‡Z cvK evwnbxi c~e©‡`k 6‡deªyqvix, 1972 ee©iZv| bv‡Uv‡ii QvZbx gvBjv‡qi ee©iZv‡KI nvi gvwb‡q‡Q (`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„ t 509Ð510)

nvRvi gvBjvB‡qi GK QvZbx| e½eÜyi Avnev‡b mgMª evsjvi gvbyl †hgb mvov w`‡qwQj †Zgwb QvZbxi gvbylI mgm¦‡i †k−vMvb w`‡qwQj t †kvl‡Ki gy‡L jvw_ gv‡iv evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb K‡iv| Avi GUv‡ZB mgMª evsjvi aŸs‡mi g‡Zv QvZbxi aŸsmI Awbevh© n‡q c‡o| ÔÔAvgv‡K †Zvgiv Lyb K‡iv, Zvi wewbg‡q Avgvi Mªv‡gi gvbyl‡K evuPvI| †Zvgv‡ì †Lv`vi Kmg †Zvgiv Avgvi gvbyl‡ì †g‡ivbv|ÕÕ g„Zy¨gy‡LvhvÎx fvekx Mªv‡gi gwY miKvi AvwZ© K‡iwQ‡jb nvbv`vi cvK evwnbxi ‰mb¨‡ì wbKU| nvbv`vi evwnbx Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| wbg©gfv‡e Mv‡qi Pvgov DwV‡q nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| QvZbxi nZ¨v Kv‡Ûi cÖZ¨¶`kx© hyeK Aveyj Kvjvg KvbœvweRwoZ K‡Ú †kvbvw”Q‡jb QvZbxi G gg©vš‘` Kvwnbx| Aveyj Kvjvg ej‡jb, ÔÔm¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi `yÕgvm ch©š— Avgiv Gw`K †mw`K 163

cvwj‡q fvjB wQjvg|ÕÕ ÔÔwn›`y‡ì Avgiv cvnviv w`‡q ivLZvg, wKš— Gi g‡aÏ Avgv‡ì A‡bKevi jvwV †kvUv wb‡q cÖ¯—yZ _vK‡Z n‡Zv, KLb nq‡Zv biwckvP Aev½vjx Rj−v‡ì `j Mªv‡g Xy‡K c‡o| Zv‡ì wZbevi hy× Kievi Rb¨ GwM‡q Avm‡Z nq| wesk kZ‡K nvjvKzi eskaiiv wZbw`b ci mk‡¯¿ QvZbx Mªvg‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z Av‡m| Mªv‡gi gvbyl GK‡Î †Lv`vi bvg wb‡q jvwV †kvUv wb‡q `‡j `‡j Zv‡ì Zvov K‡i| nvbv`vi evwnbx weåvš— n‡q‡Q NUbv †`‡L| Zviv wcQy n‡V‡Q| wKš‘ Aev½vjx cvwK¯—vbx AmvgwiK bvMwiK‡ì wØZxq wcZv, a‡g©i Kzjv½vi Rj−v` nv‡dR Avãyi ingvb G civRq‡K Acgvb g‡b Ki‡jv| ZvB cÖwZ‡kva †bevi B”Qv cÖej n‡jv Zvi| Ly‡bi †bkv‡Lvi GB Rj−v` ZvB c_ LyuR‡Z ‡Póv K‡i‡Q me©¶Y| Avevi †nu‡U‡Q †mB c‡_| eb‡ejv Nywiqvi gmwR` †_‡K †U‡b †ei Ki‡jv 105 eQi eq¯‹ AvIqvgx jxM mg_©K e„× ‰mq` Avjx gyÝx‡K| NUbv NU‡jv 15B ‰R¨‡ô| ‰mq` Avjx gyÝxi jvk †`L‡jv QvZbxi gvbyl| Iiv Kvu`‡jv| Gi c‡ii NUbv mycwiKwíZ| QvZbxi eZ©gv‡b me‡P‡q e‡qve„× 82 eQ‡ii bjxwbKvš— ej‡jb Iiv iv‡Z G‡m QvZbx w`Nxi cv‡o Rgv nq| ivZ ZLb cÖvq `y‡Uv| mKvj cvuPUvi w`‡K Mvu wN‡i †bq| N‡i N‡i Xy‡K mevB‡K †ei K‡i nvZ wcQ‡b †eu‡a wb‡q hvw”Qj| e„‡×i GKgvÎ †Q‡j‡KI Iiv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| wkï‡KI nZ¨v Ki‡Z Qv‡owb| e„× ejwQ‡jb, Wv³vi gwbi“wÏ‡bi wZbwU weevwnZ hyeK fvB‡KI Iiv nZ¨v K‡i †Mj| i“×K‡Ú e„× bjxwb Kvš— ej‡jb, wckvPiv †g‡q‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi Ki‡jv| jvL jvL Awf‡hvM ee©i‡ì Gi“c Kv‡Ri| GB Mªv‡gi Av‡iKRb hyeK Aveyj Kv‡kg| A‡bK eyw× LvwU‡q †eu‡P‡Q †m| ejj t hLb Avwg ey‡K †nu‡U Rwgi AvB‡ji cvk w`‡q nvbv`vi‡ì †Pv‡Li evB‡i hvw”Qjvg, ZLb K‡qKRb hyeZx‡K wee¯¿ Ae¯nvq AÁvb n‡q c‡o _vK‡Z †`‡LwQ| Avevi †`Ljvg GKwU e„× Ges KÕRb †jvK wcQ‡b nvZ evuav g‡i c‡o Av‡Q| Iiv msL¨vq wQ‡jv Kgc‡¶ 250 R‡bi g‡Zv| 50 R‡bi g‡Zv cvK evwnbxi ‰mb¨| Aewkóiv †Qviv nv‡Z Aev½vjx wckvP Zviv QvZbxi mg¯— wKQy jyU K‡i‡Q, N‡i N‡i Zbœ Zbœ K‡i cyi“l‡ì nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Aveyj Kvjvg Avgv‡K ej‡jb, Mªv‡gi †h GjvKvq †ekx †jvK nZ¨v, bvix wbh©vZb n‡q‡Q †mw`‡KiB GK av‡bi Rwg‡Z cvwbi g‡a¨ wb‡R‡K Avovj †i‡L mewKQy †`‡L‡Qb wZwb| ‰mbïv G‡mwQj ivB‡dj nv‡Z wb‡Ri †cvkv‡K| Aev½vjxiv mv`v cvRvgv cvÄvex ci‡Y, †Qviv nv‡Z Kv‡jv gy‡Lvk wQj nv‡dR Rj−v‡ì| Zvi Aí wKQy `~‡iB GK gwnjvi †Kv‡ji wkï‡K †d‡j nvbv`vi evwnbxi ‰mb¨ Rwgi Ic‡i gwnjv‡K AZ¨vPvi Ki‡jv| gwnjvi kvïwo wkïwU‡K 164

†Kv‡j wb‡q m‡i †Mj| GKUy ci ¸wji AvNv‡Z wkïwU wb¯—ã n‡q †Mj| ¸wji kã, ïay kã| mKvj cvuPUv †_‡K bÕUv| AZ¨vPvi nZ¨vi cvkweKZvi ZvÛejxjv Pj‡jv| nvnvKvi, AvZ©wPrKvi| Mªv‡g AvkÖq wb‡qwQj Av‡iv Ab¨ Mªv‡gi AvZ¥i¶v cÖqvmx eû cwievi| me GKvKvi n‡jv, QvZbxi gvV, Lv‡ji cvwbi m‡½ g„‡Zi msL¨v `uvov‡jv 441 Rb| wkï, hyeK, e„×, ga¨ eqmx| ïay cyi“l‡`i †e‡Q †e‡Q nvZ wcQ‡b †eu‡a ¸jx K‡i‡Q ee©iiv| Gfv‡eB kZvãxi Awfkvc gymwjg Kj¼ cvwK¯—vbx ee©i kvmK bv‡Uv‡ii QvZbx‡K j¶ gvBjvBÐG cwiYZ K‡i †M‡Q|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL nvRvi cÖv‡Yi nZ¨vcyix jvKmvg c~e©‡`k 6 ‡deªyqvix, 1972 wmMv‡iU d¨v±ix|

nvRvi cÖv‡Yi nZ¨vcyix jvKmvg wmMv‡iU d¨v±ix \Gg G Lv‡qi wgqv \

(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„ t 513Ð514) jvKmvg \ Kzwgj−v

jvKmvg Rsk‡b `vuwo‡q `w¶‡Y cwðg w`‡K `„wó †g‡j ai‡j †`qvj ‡Niv mywekvj GjvKv Ry‡o Kv‡jv is gvLv †h wØZj cÖvmv`wU †`Lv hv‡e †mwU GKwU wmMv‡iU d¨v±ix| wKš‘ Zvi bvg hvÐB _vKzK bv †Kb jvKmvgevmxiv GUv‡K nZ¨vcyix e‡jB Rv‡b| weMZ bqwU gv‡m GB d¨v±ixi wewfbœ †KvYvq wewfbœ K‡¶ I †KvVvq wewfbœ †m‡j Ges Qv‡` †h AZ¨vPvi, bvix al©Y Ges wbwe©Pv‡i MYnZ¨v P‡jwQj Zvi bRxi c„w_exi BwZnv‡m weij| w`‡b iv‡Z hLb ZLb jvKmvg _vbvi wewfbœ MªvgM‡Ä nvbv w`‡q Mªvg evsjvi wbixn bvixÐcyi“l‡ì a‡i G‡b Ges jvKmvg Rsk‡b A‡c¶gvb †Uªb †_‡K hyeKÐhyeZx I hvÎx‡ì wQwb‡q G‡b GB nZ¨vcyix‡Z ee©i Lvb †mbviv webó K‡i‡Q AMwbZ gv, †ev‡bi B¾Z, ea K‡i‡Q nvRvi nvRvi cÖvY| ‡Uªb †_‡K gwnjv hvÎx Avi Mªvg †_‡K cj−xevjv I Kzjeay‡ì‡K wQwb‡q G‡b I‡ì Dj½ K‡i KviLvbvi Qv‡ì Dc‡i DwV‡q `yÕnvZ Dc‡i Zy‡j mvivw`b fi †iwjswenxb Qv‡ì Dc‡i nvuU‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡Zv| KviLvbvi AbwZ`~‡i hvÎxevnx †Uªb _vwg‡q hvÎx‡ì H Qv‡ì Dci `„wócvZ Ki‡Z wb‡`©k †`qv n‡Zv| Ggwb fv‡e mvivw`bfi a„Z gvÐ‡evb‡ì †eB¾wZ K‡i iv‡Z KviLvbvi wewfbœ †KvVvq wb‡q †gRi Mvw`©wR I Zvi †`vmiiv gvÐ‡evb‡ì Dci Pvjv‡Zv cvkweK AZ¨vPvi| wb‡Riv †Zv g` cvb Ki‡Zv, bvix‡ìI g` cv‡b eva¨ Kiv n‡Zv| Pvey‡K Avi Pvey‡K Ges cvkweK AZ¨vPv‡i RR©wiZ n‡q ivwÎi MfxiZv †f‡½ cÖvqB †f‡m AvmZ gv †evb‡ì eyK dvUv Ki“Y 165

AvZ©bv`| wKš‘ g`¨cvqx biÐcï‡ì AÆnvwm‡Z mewKQy Pvcv c‡o †hZ| A‡bK A‡bK gvÐ†evb‡K ejrKvi ¯’‡jB g„ZyëiY Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q Avi hviv bv‡g gvÎ †eu‡P _vKZ Zv‡ì msÁvnxb †`n iv‡Zi Avuav‡i †m KviLvbvi wewfbœ †KvYvq cyu‡Z †djv n‡Zv| weMZ 1jv ‡deªyqvwi †m KviLvbvq cÖniviZ wgÎ evwnbxi AbygwZ wb‡q jvKmv‡gi Gg,wm, G Rbve Avãyj AvDqvj I _vbvi †m‡KÛ Awdmvi Ges Rb K‡qK f~³‡fvMx I cÖZ¨¶`k©x mnKv‡i KviLvbvwU †`L‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| cwðg KviLvbvwU‡Z XyK‡ZB †f‡m Gj cuPv MÜ| n‡q‡Zv i³ cuPv MÜB n‡e| G KviLvbvi †hLv‡bB †h K‡¶ Ny‡iwQ me©ÎB Abyfe Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ i‡³i Pvc †m i‡³ `yM©‡Üi Avfvm| wfZ‡i XyK‡ZB mvg‡bB †`L‡Z †cjvg `yÕwU Rxeš— †cqviv MvQ Ges m`¨ g„Z GKwU KvuuVvj MvQ| MvQ wZbwUi cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Wv‡j †`Ljvg GL‡bv Sy‡j i‡q‡Q nZ¨vi cÖZxK K‡qKwU iwk| R‰bK cÖZ¨¶`kx© Rvbv‡jb G MvQ wZbwU‡Z †h mg¯— iwk GL‡bv Sy‡j i‡q‡Q †m mg¯— iwk‡Z AmsL¨ bvix cyi“l‡K Sywj‡q †`‡L Pvey‡Ki cÖnv‡i wb‡¯—R Kiv n‡Zv| Zvici †m mg¯— msÁvnxb †`n ¸o †g‡L GKwU wP‡j †KvVvq †d‡j ivLv n‡Zv| ejv evûj¨, †mB wP‡j †KvVvq c~~ye©v‡ýB jyU Kiv †LRy‡ii ¸o ev wgwó `Öe¨ wQwU‡q ARmª wccov R‡ov K‡i ivLv n‡Zv| Zvici †mB wccovi wf‡o msÁvnxb †`n‡K †d‡j ivLv n‡Zv| mviv ivZ welv³ wcucovi Zxeª `sk‡b A‡bK‡KB †mB wP‡j †KvVvq wbg©gfv‡e g„ZyëiY Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| Ggwb fv‡e cÖv_wgK wbh©vZb †k‡l A‡bK‡K †PvL †eu‡a jvB‡b `vuo Kiv‡bv n‡Zv Zvici M‡R© DV‡Zv wnsmª nv‡qbv‡ì A¯¿ wbwg‡l fyjywÚZ n‡Zv AMwYZ cÖvY| Avi GKUy GwM‡q †Mjvg, †`Ljvg GKwU cyKzi| cyKz‡ii cwðg cv‡o `yÕwU Avg MvQ G Mv‡QI †`Ljvg K‡qKwU iwk Syj‡Q Avi Mv‡Qi bx‡P †`Ljvg AvMvQvq fiv GK dvwj Rwg| R‰bK cÖZ¨¶`kx© Rvbv‡jb H me †cqvivÐKvuVvj Mv‡Qi bx‡P, GB Avg Mv‡Qi bx‡P, Avi H AvMvQv fiv RwgUyKz Luyo‡jB †ei n‡q co‡e AmsL¨ fvBÐ‡ev‡bi ARmª biÐK¼vj| Avi GK cÖZ¨¶`kx© cyKz‡ii c~e© cv‡oi GKwU fivU M‡Z©i wPý †`wL‡q Rvbv‡jb †h, GKwU Rxeš— †jvK‡K nvZÐcv †eu‡a GB M‡Z© †d‡j w`‡q gvwU Pvcv w`‡Z wZwb †`‡L‡Qb| ZvQvov Gg,wm,G AvDqvj mv‡neI G LeiwU eû †jv‡Ki gy‡L ï‡b‡Qb e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Zvici XyKjvg KviLvbvi wfZ‡i| m½x †m‡KÛ Awdmvi mv‡ne c~‡e©B ï‡bwQ‡jb †h B‡jwUªK wnU w`‡q bvwK GLv‡b †jvK gviv n‡Zv| Zvui †bZ„‡Z¡ Avgiv †m i“gwU Lyu‡R †cjvg| †`Ljvg GKUv myBP †evW© Avi AmsL¨ ‰e`y¨wZK Zvi| †m NiwUi cv‡kB †`Ljvg †ek wKQy mvgwiK I †emvgwiK †jv‡Ki †cvkvK| GLv‡b ev½vjx mvgwiK I †emvgwiK †jvK‡ì Dj½ K‡i B‡jwUªK wnU w`‡q gviv n‡Zv| 166

mvivUv KviLvbv Ny‡i †`Ljvg| me©ÎB †`Lv hvq, BZ¯—Zt wew¶ß Ae¯nvq c‡o i‡q‡Q A‡bK KvMR cÎ Lvb †mbv‡ì e¨w³MZ wPwV I cvwievwiK d‡Uv| jvKmvg †ijI‡q nvmcvZv‡ji gvjx gwb›`ª P›`ª, D‡c›`ª P›`ª I kÖxivg P›`ª gvjx‡K weMZ K‡qK gvm a‡i G KviLvbvq Lvb†mbv‡ì KvR Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q e‡j A‡bK NUbvi cÖZ¨¶`k©x n‡q Zviv AvRI †eu‡P Av‡Qb| Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K A‡bK wKQy Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ Ges Av‡iv Rvbv hv‡e| gwb›`ª P›`ª Avgv‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h, GLv‡b AbywôZ AZ¨vPvi I nZ¨vhÁ †`‡L †m fxZ n‡q A‡bK eviB cvjv‡Z †P‡qwQj wKš‘ my‡hvM †g‡jwb| gwb›`ª P›`ª Av‡iv Rvwb‡q‡Q †h, cÖvq iv‡ZB `‡j `‡j †jvK‡ì †PvL †eu‡a Rsk‡bi `w¶‡Yi eo nvB jvBUwUi c~e© w`‡K †ejZjvq wb‡q †h‡q eªvk †g‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv| hv‡ì nv‡Z w`‡bi †ejv MZ© Kiv n‡Zv ivwGi †ejvq Zv‡ì‡KB ‡mB M‡Z© gvwU Pvcv †Ìqv n‡Zv| gbx›`ª P‡›`ªi I Zvi m½x‡ì wb‡`©wkZ MZ© ¸wj Lyo‡j AvRI AmsL¨ cÖgvY wgj‡e e‡j Zviv †Rvi `vex Rvbvb| jvKmv‡gi cÖL¨vZ Wv³vi Rbve gKeyj Avng`, wgj gvwjK Rbve Avãyi iwng I Avãyj gwgb GK mv¶vrKv‡i Rvbv‡jb †h, cvK †mbv‡ì KzL¨vZ †gRi gyRvddi nvmvb Mvw`©wR, K¨v‡Þb Ievq`yi ingvb, my‡e`vi gy¯—dv Lvb I †ijI‡q cywjk evKvIqvjxi †bZ„‡Z¡ Ges ¯nvbxq KwZcq `vjvj‡ì †hvMmvR‡k jvKmv‡g mnmªvwaK ‡jv‡Ki cÖvY bvk N‡U| jvKmvg _vbvi cÖL¨vZ AvIqvgx jxM Kgx© 24 bs Av`©ªv BDwbq‡bi †Pqvg¨vbg¨vb Rbve Avjx Avkivd‡K Ges jvKmv‡gi wewkó gyw³†hv×v Ave`yj Lv‡jK I Lmi“‡K GB nZ¨vcyix‡Z wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL ÔÔAiv QevB‡K ¸wj K‡i †g‡i‡QÕÕ| ‰`wbK evsjv 10 ‡deªyqvix, 1972

ÔÔIiv QevB‡K ¸wj K‡i †g‡i‡Q|ÕÕ \‡gvt Kvgi“¾vgvb cÖ`Ë \

(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ c„ t 523Ð524)

‡mvfv ivYx gRyg`viÐÔÔQveÐnvgviwf †Q‡j gviv †M‡Q|ÕÕ j¶x ivYx †NvlÐÔÔAvgvi m¦vgx, Avi `ywU †g‡q gviv †M‡Q|ÕÕ ‡mvwbqvÐÔÔnvgvi Qvgx, GK †cvjv, `yB gvBqv gviv †M‡Q| GK †cvjv †Kv‡j Av‡Q|ÕÕ cyivb `vmÐÔÔnvgvi †Q‡j gviv †M‡Q|ÕÕ wjwjqvÐÔÔnvgvi Qvgxwf gviv †M‡Q `yBUv gvBqvwf gviv †M‡Q|ÕÕ ‡ePbÐÔÔnvgvi fvMbv myi“R fj−x gviv †M‡Q| I †h w`b gviv †M‡Q †Qw`b Zvi gvBqv cve©Zxi Rbg nB‡Q|ÕÕ e„×vÐÔÔb›`yi †cvjv gviv †M‡Q|ÕÕ mK‡ji K‡Ú ÐÔÔQvgxwf gviv †M‡Q Qve|ÕÕ Av‡iv A‡bK, A‡b‡Ki K‡Ú ïbwQjvg Avwg †mw`b Kvjxevoxi aŸsm¯—y‡ci Dci `vuuwo‡qÐwjwjqv, †mvwbqv, j¶x ivYx, cyivb`vm, Avi †kvfv ivYxi gZ Avcb Rb‡ì nvwi‡q hvIqvi †e`bv wgwkÖZ K_v| wKš—y Avwg AcviM| Zv‡ì mK‡ji bvg Avi K_v †mw`b wj‡L ivL‡Z cwiwb| mevi †Zv GKB K_vÐKv‡iv †Q‡j, Kv‡iv m¦vgx, Kv‡iv ev †g‡q, Avevi A‡b‡KB m¦vgx, cyÎ, mevB‡K nvwi‡h‡Q| Zviv Zv‡ì Avcb Rb‡K nvwi‡q‡Q biwckvP cvK Rj−v`†ì nv‡Z| 25‡k gv‡P©i Kv‡jv iv‡Z nvbv`vi evwnbx aŸsm Awfhvb XvKv kn‡i me©Î ïi“ K‡i| Zv‡ì ZvÛejxjv †_‡K cÖvPxb gw›ìI †invB cvqwb| igbvi Kvjxevoxi gw›ìwU nvbv`viiv 27‡k gv‡P©i iv‡Z U¨v‡¼i mvnv‡h¨ aŸsm K‡i †`q| gw›ì mn cyiv Kvjxevox AvR igbvi gvV †_‡K wbwðZ n‡q †M‡Q| Gi mv‡_ Kvjxevox‡Z AvwkÖZ †gvU 50 R‡bi cÖvY bvk K‡i‡Q Rj−v` †mbviv| Avwg †mw`b igbvi †Kvievwbi nv‡U Qwe Avb‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| wKš‘ nv‡Ui Qwe Avi Avb‡Z cvwiwb, G‡bwQ Zv‡ì Qwe hviv nvwi‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Avcb Rb‡K| Zviv AvR mevB gy³ AvKv‡ki bx‡P AvkÖq wb‡q‡QÐZvB †mw`b Avgvi mv‡_ Zv‡ìB GKRb jvj‡gvnb gvjx‡K K_v ej‡Z †`‡L g‡b K‡iwQjvgÐÐ Avwg nq‡Zv wiwjd m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì bvg wVKvbv wjLwQ| ZvB A‡bK bvix cyi“l Avgv‡K wN‡i e‡jwQj Qve nvgvi bvg wj‡Lb, nvgvi m¦vgx, nvgvi †Q‡jÐÐÐÐÐÐBZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`| igbv Kvjxevox‡Z †gvU 700 bvix cyi“‡li evm¯nvb wQj| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ m¦vgxRxÐ‡cÖgvb›` wMwi mn †gvU 50 Rb‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| m¦vgxRxi eqm cÖvq 70 eQi n‡qwQj| Zv‡K igbvi gv‡V Ab¨vb¨‡ì mv‡_ jvB‡b `vuo Kwi‡q nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q 28‡k gv‡P©| Zvi ¯¿x Ges wZb eQ‡ii wkï mš—vb fvi‡Z AvkÖq wb‡qwQj| wcZvi g„Zyï w`bÐcve©Zxi Rb¥w`b| Kvjxevox‡ZB AvwkÖZ wQj myi“Rfj−x| myi“Rfj−x †mw`b 27‡k gv‡P©i iv‡Z A‡b‡Ki mv‡_ mvwi‡Z `vuwo‡qI g‡b K‡iwQj Zvi ¯¿xi cÖme †e`bvi K_vÐ| beRvZ cve©Zxi wcZv 168

Avi †bB Av‡Q igbvi Kvjxevox‡Z wcZvi RvgvU evuav i³| Si‡Q AkÖy Aweij Kvjxevoxi GK e„×v bvg wcÖqevjv †Nvl| eqm 60 eQ‡ii gZ| `yB MÛ †e‡q SiwQj ïay AkÖyi †dvuUv| Avgvi Kv‡Q Avm‡Z cv‡iwb wfo †V‡j| ZvB A‡bK c‡i mevi †k†l Avwg Zvi wbKU wM‡q wRÁvmv K‡iwQjvg ÔÔAvcwb Ggb K‡i Kvu`‡Qb †Kb ?ÕÕ DË‡i nZevK| wKQyB cÖ_‡g ej‡Z cv‡iwb| ZLb †Pv‡Li cvwb †hb evua fvsMv †mªv‡Zi gZ eBwQj| e„×vi cv‡kB `vuwo‡qwQj GKwU dzUdzU i³ †Mvjv‡ci gZ wkï‡K †Kv‡j wb‡q Zvi cyÎeay j²xivYx ‡Nvl| ‡KD wKQy ej‡Qbv| Avgvi wØZxq cÖ‡kœ 5 eQ‡ii wkï g›UyP›`ª †Nvl Avgv‡K DËi w`jÐÒAvgvi evev‡K †g‡i ‡d‡j‡Q ‡mRb¨ VvKyi gv Kvb‡Q|Ó AvuP‡j †PvL gy‡Q e„×v cÖxqvevjv ZLb †Q‡j eD Avi cvuPwU wkï mš—vb‡K †`wL‡q Avgv‡K ejj, mevB‡K fvwm‡q Avgvi gvwbK (‡Q‡j m‡š—vl †Nvl) ¸wj †L‡q gviv †M‡Q | `yÕwU bvZbx gÄy, mÄy I gviv †M‡Q| e„×v Gi †ekx Avgv‡K Avi wKQyB ej‡Z cv‡iwb| wkïi gZ †Ku‡` D‡VwQj †mw`b igbvi gv‡V `vuwo‡q | cyÎnviv Rbbxi Kvbœvq AvwgI Avi wKQy wR‡Ám Ki‡Z cvwiwb|Ñ

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL e¸ovq cvK evwnbxi nZ¨vKv‡Ûi msev` 2 I 20 ‡deªyqvix, Ici `ywU cÖwZ‡e`b| 1972

cÖwZw`b ea¨f~wg †_‡K ‡f‡m Avm‡Zv gvby‡li giY PxrKviÐ mvayevev AvZ‡¼ wenej n‡q ZvÐB ïb‡Zb

(`wjjcÎt Aóg LÛ c„ t 527Ð531)

ÐÐÐÐÐÐ AvR †_‡K cÖvq mËiÐAvwk eQi Av‡Mi K_v| Avgv‡`i ¸i“ G‡m Av¯—vbv †c‡ZwQj e¸ov †Rjvi evMevb Kveivi GKwU eUMv‡Qi Qvqvq| e¸ov kni ej‡Z ZLb wKQyB M‡o D‡Vwb| GKUv wU‡bi N‡i _vbv Ges dzjevoxi igRvb gÛ‡ji GKwU Kv‡Vi KviLvbv †evanq wQj| AvR‡Ki mvZÐgv_v ZLb wQj MvQcvjv Avi R½‡j fiv| Avgv‡`i ¸i“ Avb›` †Mv¯¦vgx Ges †fi¸ †Mv¯—vgx GB c„w_ex †Q‡o A‡bK c~‡e©B we`vq wb‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ †mw`b GK m‡½ P‡j Avgvi wZbfvB| nvZ †eu‡a e¸ovi †mDRMvoxi Avb›` AvkÖ‡g mKvj †ejv e‡m e‡m GB mvayevev me NUbv ejwQ‡jb| nvbv`vi cvK evwnbx e¸ov `Lj Kivi ciI AvkÖ‡g PviRb mvay I wZbRb gvZv wQ‡jb| nvbv`vi evwnbx wZbRb mvay‡K e¸ov †ij‡ók‡bi cwðg w`‡K wWMªx K‡jR 169

mo‡Ki cv‡k¦© ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| G‡ì wfZi wQ‡jb my›ì mvay, g½j mvay Ges ¯nvbxq ev`yiZjvi GKRb e„× gy‡b›`ªbv_ miKvi| wZbRbB wQ‡jb e¸ovi cÖv³b Awaevmx| ÔGB wZb mvaÕy Ðej‡Z ej‡Z †Ku‡` †dj‡jb mvayevev| e¸ovi AZxZ BwZnvm‡K ey‡K wb‡q GB mvay evev AvRI †eu‡P Av‡Qb| e¸ovi Ggb †jvK KgB Av‡Qb hviv GB mvayevev‡K †P‡bb bv| cvK `my¨‡ì RNb¨ b„ksmZvi ciI AvR †mŠfvM¨µ‡g †eu‡P Av‡Qb GB mvayevev| hy‡Mvj wK‡kvi †Mvm¦vgx‡K wRÁvmv Kijvg, Avcwb evuP‡jb †Kgb K‡i ? †n‡m wZwb ej‡jb, ÔÔIiv Avgv‡K †Kb †h nZ¨v K‡iwb Zv Avwg ej‡Z cvie bv| Avgvi wZb fvB ZLb †L‡Z e‡mwQj| nVvr †mB gyû‡Z©B evoxi wfZ‡i XyK‡jv K‡qKRb Aev½vjx| Iiv Avgvi fvB‡ì †L‡Z †`qwb| G‡mB fvB‡ì nvZ †eu‡a ‡dj‡jv| I‡ì wb‡q hvIqvi mgq Avwg ejjvg, Avgv‡K gvi, I‡ì wb‡q †h‡qvbv| e„× e‡jB †evanq Avgv‡K I‡ì m‡½ †bqwb| wKš‘ Avgvi fvB‡qiv Avi wd‡i Av‡mwb| GKw`b GK av½o G‡m Avgv‡K Rvbv‡jv, ÔÔcvK †mbviv iv¯—vi av‡ii M‡Z© Avgvi fvB‡ì cy‡Z †i‡L‡Q|ÕÕ mvayevev‡K wRÁvmv Kijvg,ÐÕ ÔÔAvcbviv mevB Av‡M cvjv‡jb bv †Kb ?ÕÕ mvayevev cÖZy¨Ë‡i ej‡jb, ÔÔ†m A‡bK K_v evey| cÖvq mK‡jB ZLb kni †Q‡o P‡j hvb| f³iv G‡m Avgv‡ì A‡bK Aby‡iva K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ ms‡Ni mvayi gvZviv wb‡la K‡iwQj| Avgiv Kv‡iv Ab¨vq Kwiwb| Iiv wbôyi Iiv Kvj, Iiv A‡bK Ab¨vq K‡i‡QÕÕÐ K_v ej‡Z ej‡Z wgófvlx mvayevevi gyLÐ‡PvL jvj n‡q DVwQj| mvayevev ej‡jb, ÔIiv Avgv‡KI Qv‡owb|Õ gv‡S gv‡SB cvK †mbviv AvkÖ‡g Ab¨vqfv‡e cÖ‡ek Ki‡Zv| Avgvi mvg‡b e›`yK a‡i ej‡Zv, ÔUvKv KvunvÐ UvKv †`vuÐ Iiv Avgvi cvuPkZ UvKv Av‡MB wb‡q †M‡Q, wKš‘ Zvic‡iI Avm‡Zv UvKvi †Lvu‡R| GB †`Lyb Avgvi wc‡V iW w`‡q A‡bK †g‡i‡Q| memgq Iiv Avgv‡K †Qvivi f‡q Kvey †i‡L‡Q| GK w`b Iiv Avgv‡K gw›`‡ii mvg‡b `vuo Kwi‡q ej‡jv, ÔÔKzqv Kvnv nvq ?ÕÕ Avwg †f‡ewQjvg Iiv Gevi Avgv‡K †g‡i †dj‡e| Iiv Avgv‡K ej‡jv, ÔÔeyÇv Zyg Kv‡jgv co|ÕÕ Gici nVvr Rvwbbv I‡ì wK g‡b nIqv‡Z Avgv‡K †Q‡o w`j| Avwg †eu‡P AvwQ, wKš‘ Iiv Avgv‡K †hgb AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q, Zv‡Z †eu‡P _vKvUvB Avðh©| Rvb‡Z PvBjvg, bqwU gvm Avcbvi I gvZv‡ì Lvevi msMªn Ki‡jb †Kv‡Ì‡K? wZwb ej‡jb ÔÔA‡bK Kó K‡iwQ| wf‡¶I K‡iwQ| cv‡ki Mªv‡g wM‡qwQ| GKUy AvaUy hv †cZvg ZvB †L‡q evuPZvg| Avgv‡ì `k gY Pvj, 8Uv Mi“, cÖvq nvRvi UvKvi evmbcÎvw` me jyU K‡i wb‡q †M‡Q Iiv| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †`LZvg, wKš‘ wKQyB ej‡Z cvwiwb| gv‡S gv‡S f³iv †Mvc‡b wKQy mvnvh¨ w`‡q †hZ| ZvB w`‡q Pvwj‡q wb‡qwQ|ÕÕ AvkÖ‡gi c~e©w`‡Ki evMv‡b (¸i“i cÖ_g Av¯—vbv) †`wL‡q mvayevev ej‡jb ÐH †h ILv‡b GKUv e× K~c Av‡Q| cÖvq cÖwZ w`bB Ki“Y Kvbœvi 170

AvIqvR Avwg ï‡bwQ| GKw`b GK †QvU wkï, ÔÔevev gv evuPvIÐevuPvI K‡i PxrKvi KiwQj| H †Q‡jUv‡K RevB K‡i Kz‡c †d‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avwg cÖvq cÖwZw`bB GiKg wPrKvi ï‡bwQ| mvayevevi Aby‡iv‡a Avwg e×Kz‡c wnsmªZvi A‡bK wPÎ †`‡LwQ| Av‡Rv GB evMv‡bi GKwU N‡ii †`qv‡j †`qv‡j gvby‡li i³ †j‡M Av‡Q| Kz‡c biKsKvj Avi gv_vi Lywj¸‡jv GL‡bv †`Lv hvq| KZ wbiciva, wb¯úvc gvbyl GLv‡b Rj−v`‡ì nv‡Z ewj n‡q‡Q †K Zvi wnmve w`‡Z cv‡i ? e¸ov kn‡ii AwZ cyivZb Ges mevi cwiwPZ mvayi AvkÖg AvR Avevi f³ Avi ¸YMªvnx‡ì AvMg‡b f‡i D‡V‡Q| wKš‘‘ AvkÖ‡gi †mB cwiwPZ gyL¸‡jv Avi †bB| wR‡Ám Kijvg †`k m¤¦‡Ü| Avcwb wK fve‡Qb ? DË‡i wZwb ïay ej‡jb, ÔIiv LyeB †eAvBbx KvR K‡i‡Q| Iiv MY‡fvU gv‡b bv| †kL gywRe‡K ¶gZv bv w`‡q Zviv LyeB Ab¨vq K‡iwQ| Iiv AZ¨vPvix| AZ¨vPvix‡K kvw¯— †fvM Ki‡ZB n‡e|Õ AvkÖ‡gi gw›`‡i ¸i“‡ì Av¯—vbv †`wL‡q mvayevev ej‡jb, ÔÔAvgvi nvwi‡q hvIqv fvB‡qiv Ggwbfv‡eB _vKZ| wKš‘ `myïv Zv‡ì wb`©qfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| gv_vq Zvi †QvU SywU euvav| mvgvb¨ mv`v Kvc‡oi GKwU MvgQv Zvi ci‡Y| wZwb ej‡jb, c‡ii Ab¨vq Kiv Avgv‡ì bxwZ bq| ZeyI Iiv Avgv‡ì †g‡i‡Q| e„× mvay hy‡Mvj wK‡kvi †Mvm¦vgxB ïay Zvi fvB‡K nvivb bvB, e¸ovevmxI nvwi‡q‡Q Zv‡ì cwiwPZ †k¦Ze¯¿avix wZbwU fvB‡K| Zviv Avi Avm‡e bv| e¸ov †ij‡ók‡bi Pvicv‡kB wQj Rj−v`‡ì KmvBLvbv ÔÔZLb Ryb gv‡mi †eva nq cÖ_g mßvn| ivwÎ‡ejv ï‡q AvwQ| nVvr B›Uvi K¬vk I‡qwUs i“g †_‡K †f‡m Avm‡jv gvby‡li Ki“Y AvZ©bv`| ÔAvgv‡K evuPvIÕ K‡i †K †hb wPrKvi KiwQj| GKUy c‡iB †_‡g †Mj| eySjvg, †m Avi †bB|ÕÕ K_v¸‡jv ej‡Z ej‡Z wkD‡i D‡VwQ‡jb e¸ov ‡ijI‡qi GK Rb c`¯’ ev½vjx Kg©Pvix| Rvb‡Z PvB‡jg, ÔÔAvcwb `my¨‡ì Avi wK b„ksmZv †`‡L‡Qb|ÕÕ DË‡i wZwb Rvbv‡jb, ÔÔwK †`wL bvB ejyb| Iiv me K‡i‡Q| ev½vjxiv mevB wQj I‡ì kµ| †Kbbv, †h ev½vjxB †ij‡ók‡bi Av‡kcv‡k Avm‡Zv Zv‡KB Zviv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| GKw`b GKRb wbixn ev½vjx‡K w`‡q K‡qKRb wgwjUvix Zv‡ì gvjcÎ †U‡b DV‡jv| Zvici KvR †kl n‡j ïi“ n‡jv Zvi Dci AgvbywlK AZ¨vPvi| GKRb wgwjUvix †jvKUv‡K IqvMv‡bi wcQ‡b wb‡q `yÔcv mgvb K‡i cv‡qi m‡½ gv_v jvwM‡q ewm‡q ivL‡jv| Zvici GKRb DV‡jv Zvi wc‡Vi Dci|†Rvi K‡i Iiv Rxeš— gvbylUvi nvo¸‡jv Ggwb K‡i †f‡½ w`j| gvbylUvi Aby‡iva Avi wgbwZ Iiv ï‡b bvB| Gici †jvKUv‡K Avi Zvi fvB‡ì gZ nZ¨v Kiv n‡jv| cvK 171

`myïv †ók‡bi Av‡kcv‡k AninB gvbyl‡ì Ggwb wbôyifv‡e AZ¨vPvi K‡i nZ¨v Ki‡Zv|ÕÕ wR‡Ám Kijvg, ÔÔAvcbv‡ì Iiv wKQy e‡j bvB ?ÕÕ DË‡i wZwb ej‡jb, ÔÔe½eÜyi Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b Ask †bIqvq ev½vjx Kg©Pvix‡ì Iiv ¶gv K‡i bvB| hviv mi‡Z cv‡i bvB Zv‡ì g„Zy¨ wQj I‡ì nv‡Z|ÕÕ cÖm½µ‡g wZwb ej‡jb, ÔÔGKw`b †gRi RvKx mvgwiK †nW †KvqvU©v‡i Avgv‡K WvK‡jv| Zvici cv‡ki i“g †_‡K i³gvLv Kvco cwiwnZ GKRb ev½vjx‡K †W‡K Avbv n‡jv| Zvi nvZ evuav wQj Ges gyL wQj i“gvj w`‡q evuav| Avgv‡K †gRi ej‡jv, ÔGÐ‡`‡LvÕ| Gici Kov †gRv‡R ûKzg n‡jvÐÔAvwf †Zvg hvI|Õ Avwg †gRi RvKxi nvZ †_‡K i¶v †c‡qwQ e‡U, wKš‘ H i³gvLv fvBwU †eu‡P Av‡Q wKbv Rvwb bv| †k‡li w`‡K (e¸ov Qvovi c~‡e©©) Iiv †ijI‡qi ev½vjx Kg©Pvix‡ì nZ¨v KiviI lohš¿ K‡iwQj| †ij‡ók‡bi Av‡kcv‡k wbixn ev½vjx‡ì nZ¨v K‡iI I‡ì i³ cv‡bi Z„òv ZLbI †g‡Uwb| e¸ov Qvovi c~‡e© I‡ì lohš¿ dvum nIqvq Avgiv †eu‡P AvwQ| wKš‘ ‡ij‡ók‡bi ea¨f~wg‡Z nvwi‡q hvIqv fvBiv Avi Avm‡e bv| †ij‡ók‡bi myBcvi `kxb (70) Rgv`vi mZK©Zvi BswMZ w`‡q Avgv‡ì‡K i¶v K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ GB e„‡×i 7wU gvm †K‡U †M‡Q †ók‡bi Av‡kcv‡ki g„Z ev½vjx‡ì Kei w`‡ZB| `kxb Rgv`vi e¸ov †ijI‡q †ók‡bi GKRb myBcvi| eqm cÖvq 70 eQ‡ii †ekx| GB e„× Zvi mvZwU gvm KvwU‡q w`‡q‡Q ee©i cvK `my¨‡ì nZ¨v Kiv jvk mwi‡q| `my¨‡ì nZ¨vh‡Ái †m GKRb bxie mv¶x| ÔÔAvwg c~‡e© Av‡iv †gvUv‡mvUv wQjvg m¨vi| Avwg jvj UK&U‡K wQjvg| wKš‘ e¸ov †ók‡bi Av‡kcv‡ki ev½vjx fvB‡ì i³ †`‡L †`‡L Avwg Lye †ivMv n‡q ‡MwQ| Avgvi kix‡i Av‡Mi gZ gvsm †bB| AvcwbB ejyb, GKRb gvbyl kZ kZ i³gvLv jvk miv‡j Avi wK K‡i evuPvi Avkv iv‡L! Rxeb wb‡q †Ljv n‡q‡Q mv‡ne| Avcbviv wKQyB Rv‡bb bv| Avwg †Kgb K‡i †eu‡P AvwQ Rvwb bvÐIiv KZ RevB K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ Avwg wKQy ej‡Z cvwiwb| gyw³ Avi BwÛqvi ‰mb¨ Avgv‡ì i¶v Kij ûRyiÐÐÐÐ|ÕÕ e¸ov †ijI‡q †ókb †_‡K cÖvq 300 MR `w¶‡Y GKwU e× K~c †`L‡‡Z wM‡q myBcvi `vkxb K_v¸‡jv ejwQj| evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb nIqvi ci e¸ov †ijI‡qi Gm wW I mv‡ne cwievimn GB cÖ_g Avm‡jb Zvui evs†jv‡Z| cvKevwnbxi Avg‡j Zvi evs‡jvUv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e mvgwiK `my¨‡ì nv‡Z wQj| Zviv GB `yÔZjv evoxwU eënvi Ki‡Zv KmvBLvbv wn‡m‡e| wbixn ev½vjx‡ì cvK`my¨ Avi Zvi mn‡hvMxiv a‡i Avb‡Zv, Zvici GB evox‡Z RevB Kiv n‡Zv, evoxi msjMœ GKUv e„nr K~‡c nZ¨v Kivi ci g„Z‡`n †d‡j †Ìqv n‡Zv| evoxUvi AvDU wK‡P‡b me‡P‡q †ekx nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv e‡j g‡b nq| KviY GLvb †_‡K K~cwU gvÎ 20 MR 172

`~‡i| evoxUvi Pvwiw`‡K `xN© bq gv‡m Nvm Avi R½‡j cÖvq fwZ© n‡qwQj| cvKevwnbx †m¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Zv bv| KviY R½‡ji gv‡S GBiKg GKwU evox‡Z Zv‡ì ev½vjx wba‡bi †bkv LyeB †e‡o †hZ| ïay ZvB bq, ee©i cvK‡mbviv GB evox‡Z g` Avi Ryqvi AvÇvI emv‡Zv| w`‡b iv‡Z Zviv ILv‡b Avmi Rgv‡Zv wbwe©‡Nœ | I‡ì †KD evuav w`‡Z cv‡i bvB| i‡³i †bkvq ee©iiv n‡b¨ n‡q ev½vjx‡ì Luy‡R Avb‡Zv| `vkxb Rgv`vi‡K wR‡Ám Kijvg, ÔÔZywg KZRb ev½vjxi g„Z‡`n GB K~‡c †d‡j‡Qv|ÕÕ ÐÔÔwK Avi ej‡ev ûRyi ! wek¦vm Ki‡eb bv ! Avgvi nv‡ZB Kgc‡¶ PviÐcvuP kZ jvk GB Kzqvq †d‡jwQ| Rj−vìv ZvwK‡q ZvwK‡q †`L‡Zv ûRyi, Avwg wK Kwi| Avwg jvk¸‡jv cyu‡Z ivL‡Z PvBZvg| wKš‘ Iiv †`q bvB| Iiv Avgv‡K ej‡Zv, ÔZyÕ kvjv wn›`y nvq| GB‡m ì`& wKD jvMZv!ÕÕ Rvb‡Z PvB‡jg Ô‡Zvgvi mvg‡bB wK Iiv nZ¨v Ki‡Zv|ÕÕ e„× e‡j PjwQj, ÔÔwK e‡jb mv‡ne! Avgv‡K Iiv fq †cZbv| cÖ_‡g ev½vjx‡K a‡i Avb‡Zv, Zvici nvZ †eu‡a gy‡Li wfZi Kvco ¸u‡R †`q| Gici nq †c‡Ui wfZi PvKz gv‡i, bv nq RevB K‡i| †KvbUvi Avevi wcQb w`‡K †_‡K Nv‡o Qywi ewm‡q RevB Ki‡Zv| I‡ì `qv bvB| KvbœvKvwU Aby‡iva wKQyB ï‡bwb| KZ ev½vjx †h Kvu`‡Zv ûRyi, wK Ki‡ev| wgwjUvixiv LywkgZ gvbyl‡K ¸jx Ki‡Zv| Zvici Avgv‡K ej‡Zv ÔBwQ †Kv nVv‡`vÕ| Avwg eva¨ n‡q KvR K‡iwQ ûRyi| wKš‘ Iiv Avgv‡KI Qv‡o bvB| †ij †ók‡bi ev½vjx†ì Avwg Av‡MB ejZvg †Zvgiv m‡i hvI| Avwg I‡ì GBw`‡K Avm‡Z †`Bwb| †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b Avwg A‡bK ev½vjx mv‡ne‡K mveavb K‡iwQ| wKš‘ wgwjUvixiv GUv Rvb‡Z †c‡i Avgv‡K m‡›`n K‡i Nv‡o ivB‡dj w`‡q gv‡i| ïay jvk mivevi Rb¨B Avgv‡K evuwP‡q †i‡L‡Q| Iiv ûRyi eo eo mv‡ne‡KI RevB K‡i‡QÐ¸jx K‡i‡Q|ÕÕcv‡k cvK©Ð‡iv‡Wi GKwU †Wªb †`wL‡q ejj, ÔÔGLv‡b wZbUv, ILv‡b 1Uv, GB iKg A‡bK mv‡n‡ei jvk GB †Wª‡bB Av‡Q ûRyi| Iiv fvjfv‡e cyu‡Z ivL‡ZI Avgv‡K †`qwb| Avgv‡K m†›`n K‡i Lye gvi‡Zv, Zvi Dci Avgvi PvKzix bó K‡i w`j mv‡ne| K‡qK gvm a‡i bv †L‡q AvwQ|ÕÕ Svoy `vkxb cvK ee©i‡ì ey‡j‡Ui mvg‡b bv †L‡qB w`b KvwU‡q‡Q| PvKzix‡Z cybe©nv‡ji K_v †mw`b †m gy‡L Avb‡Z cv†i bvB| Zvi `„p wek¦vm wQj, hviv Ggwbfv‡e kZ kZ gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡ì GK gy‡Vv fv‡Zi Afv‡e GK Mix‡ei Rb¨ wPš—v Kivi mgq †Kv_vq ? e¸ov †ij GmÐwWÐI evs‡jvi c~e©w`‡Ki gvVUv GLb Kei¯nv‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| e¸ov kµgy³ nIqvi c~e© gyûZ© ch©š— GB evsjv‡Zv †Kvb ev½vjx Avm‡Z cv‡iwb| e¸ov kni kµgy³ n‡q‡Q wVKB, wKš‘ GB evs‡jvi cÖwZwU N‡ii †g‡S Avi †`qv‡j gvby‡li i‡³ †fRv eû KvcoÐRvgv BZ¨vw` i³v³ Ae¯nvq c‡owQj| evs‡jvi Dci Zjvi nvD‡R ee©iZvi me‡P‡q eo cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| GB nvDRwU wQj m¤ú~Y© gvby‡li 173

i‡³ fiv| i³¸‡jv Rgv n‡q µgkt RgvU †eu‡a hvq| †Kv`vj w`‡q gvwU KvUvi gZ RgvU evauv i³ †K†U GB nvDR cwi¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q| RevB Kiv gvby‡li i‡³ †mªvZ †`Lvi Rb¨B †eva nq nvD‡R i³ Rgv Ki‡Zv| i³ †`‡LB nq‡Zv i³cv‡bi Z„òv Rj−v`†ì evo‡Zv †ekx| e¸ov †ij‡ókb Avi †ókb msjMœ †ijjvB‡bi Av‡kcv‡k KZ wbixn †deªyqvwi ‡K †h cvK‡mbv Avi Zvi mn‡hvMxiv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q Zvi wn‡me †bB| KZ wbixn gvbyl †h GB `my¨‡ì nv‡Z cÖvY w`‡q‡Qb Avi GKvš— Amnvqfv‡e g„Zy¨‡K †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb †KD ej‡Z cv‡i bv| e¸ovq cvK `myïv ev½vjx‡ì a‡i ej‡Zv,ÔBwQ‡Kv LiPv LvZv †g (g„Zy¨ LvZv) DVv ‡Ì|ÕÐÐÐÐÐÐ‡evaKwi †ij‡ók‡bi I Zvi Av‡kcv‡ki wbôyi ee©iZv Avi nZ¨vh‡Ái ØvivB Zv‡ì Li‡Pi LvZv c~Y© n‡q †M‡Q|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL Lyjbvi bi‡gahÁ| ‰`wbK evsjv 12 ‡deªyqvix, 1972

`wjjcÎ, 8g LÛ c„ t 532 Lyjbvq cvKevwnbxi bi‡gahÁ \ wbRm¦ cÖwZwbwa †cÖwiZ \

Lyjbv t Lyjbv kn‡ii †nwj †cv‡U© I d‡i÷ Nv‡U ev½vjx‡ì †h b„ksm fv‡e nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv, Zv †`‡L Lyjbvi ZrKvjxb †Rjv RR nvU©‡dj K‡i gviv hvb| eZ©gv‡b †nwj‡cvU© d‡ió Nv‡Ui K_v ejv hvK| †nwj‡cvU© RR‡Kv‡U©i mvg‡b Ges mvwK©U nvDm msjMœ| †hme ev½vjx‡ì Dc‡i Zv‡ì AZ¨vwaK ivM wQj Rj−vìv Zv‡ì cÖKvk¨ wèv‡jv‡K †nwj‡cv‡U©i cÖ‡ek c‡_ QvMj †Svjv K‡i cv Dc‡i gv_v bx‡P w`‡q Sywj‡q ivL‡Zv| Avi H Ae¯’vq Pj‡Zv AZ¨vPviÐ Po Nywl I Pvey‡Ki AvNvZ| †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î H Ae¯nvi Dci †e‡qv‡bU w`‡q ‡LuvPv‡bv n‡Zv| hZ¶Y bv †m gviv hvq ZZ¶Y Pj‡Zv GB wbh©vZb| hvi KvQ †_‡K †Kvb m¦xKv‡ivw³ Av`v‡qi †Póv Kiv n‡Zv Hfv‡e AZ¨vPvi Kivi ci AÁvb n‡q co‡j Zv‡K bvgv‡bv n‡Zv, Ávb wdi‡j Avevi †Svjv‡bv n‡Zv c~e©er| GKw`b Avgvi wb‡Ri †`Lv GKwU g„Zyï K_v D‡j−L KiwQ| mKvj 10Uv n‡e| †nwj†cv‡U© jyw½ I †MÄx civ `xN© mej‡`nx GKRb ev½vjxi cv‡q, nvuUy‡Z I Ab¨vb¨ wMivq Kv‡Vi †ivjvi w`‡q `ÔyRb †mbv wcUv‡”Q Avi `yÔRb †mbv Zv Dc‡fvM Ki‡Q| hvi Dci AZ¨vPvi Pj‡Q wZwb evi evi evav w`‡”Qb Avi hš¿Yvq KvZiv‡”Qb| Zvici Zvi `yÔcv‡q `wo †eu‡a cv Dc‡i gv_v bx‡P w`‡q Syjv‡bv n‡jv| 174

ci‡b _vK‡jv Rvw½qv I Mv‡q †MÄx| c‡i Lvwj Mv K‡i †MÄxwUI AcmviY Kiv n‡jv| Avi Pj‡jv Pvey‡Ki evwo| cÖwZwU evwoi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi †`nwU gyP‡o DV‡Z jvM‡jv| H Syjš— Ae¯nv‡ZB wZwb nvZ w`‡q evav w`w”Q‡jb| wKš‘ c‡i Avi Zvi nv‡Z †m †Rvi iBjbv| wKš‘ Pvey‡Ki evwo Pj‡jv Ae¨vnZ fv‡e| Avi GB fv‡eB mgvwß n‡jv GKwU ev½vjx Rxeb| c‡i Zvi †mB VvÛv kxZj †`nUv‡K bvwg‡q AeÁvq Zviv `~‡i †d‡j w`jÐ Avevi Aci GKRb‡K| Avwg m‡i cojvg| iv‡Zi †ejvq RR‡Kv‡U©i wcQ‡b d‡ió Nv‡U ev½vjx‡ì G‡b RevB K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv Ges †`n¸‡jvi †cU wP‡i b`x‡Z †djv n‡Zv| NvUwU Avevi RRmv‡n‡ei evmvi wVK †cQ‡bB| iv‡Zi wb¯—äZv †f` K‡i †mBme g„Zy¨c_hvÎx ev½vjx‡ì Ki“Y AvZ©bv` RR mv‡n‡ei Kv‡b †cvuQ‡Zv| w`‡b †nwj‡cv‡U© I iv‡Z d‡ió Nv‡Ui GBme nZ¨vhÁ mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i RR mv‡ne ZrKvjxb fvicÖvß mvgwiK Awdmvi‡K Aby‡iva K‡iwQ‡jb †h wePvivj‡qi mvg‡b †hb G ai‡Yi KvR bv Kiv nq| Zvi DË‡i wZwb †c‡qwQ‡jb g„Zyï kvmvwb| wKš‘ Zv‡ì †m mva †g‡Uwb| wZwb ü`h‡š¿i wµqv eÜ n‡q GKiv‡Z gviv †M‡jb| Avi GKwU ea¨f~wg wQj Mj−vgvix| Lyjbv kn‡ii †K›`ª¯nj †_‡K gvÎ †ògvBj| †nwj‡cvU© I d‡ió NvU, Kv÷gm NvU cÖf„wZ RvqMvq cÖ_‡g ev½vjx‡ì nZ¨vi Rb¨ †e‡Q wb‡jI c‡i ee©i cvK evwnbx Mj−vgvix‡KB Zv‡ì b„ksmZvi Dchy³ ¯nvb e‡j †e‡Q wb‡qwQj| mvivw`b a‡i kn‡i I Mªvg †_‡K ev½vjx‡ì a‡i G‡b †RjLvbv †nwj‡cvU© I BD, Gd, wW K¬v‡e Rgv‡qZ Kiv nZ| Zvici ga¨ ivZ n‡j †mB me nZfvM¨ wbixn wbi¯¿ ev½vjx‡ì †cQ‡b nvZ †eu‡a †eZvi †K‡›`ªi mvg‡b `vuo Kwi‡q m¦qswµq A¯¿ `¦viv Zviv ÔeªvmÕ gvi‡Zv, i³vc−yZ †`‡n jywU‡q co‡Zv nZfvMïv| nZ¨vi Av‡M UªvK fv‡i hLb Zv‡ì wb‡q hvIqv n‡Zv ZLb †mB me wbi“cvq gvby‡li AvZ©bv` iv¯—vi Av‡k cv‡ki mevB ïb‡Zv| wKš— Zv‡ì †Zv evoxi evB‡i hvIqvi Dcvq †bBÐKviwdD i‡q‡Q| ‡mB AvZ©bv` mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i †k‡i evsjv †iv‡oi GK e¨w³ Rvbvjv Ly‡j gyL evwo‡qwQj gvÎ | e¨vm, Agwb Zv‡K j¶¨ K‡i nvbv`vi evwnbx ¸jx Qyo‡jv Avi ey‡jU we× n‡q †m jywU‡q co‡jv| nvbv`vi evwnbx cÖwZiv‡Z Kg K‡iI kZvwaK e¨w³‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Zv| w`‡bi †ejvq Zv‡ì jvk †Rvqv‡ii cvwb‡Z †f‡m Avm‡Zv| wKš‘ KviI mvnm n‡Zvbv Zv‡ì `vdb Kivi| A‡b‡K Zv‡ì AvcbR‡bi jvk‡K mbv³ Ki‡jI †mLvb †_‡K Zv‡K DwV‡q wb‡Z cv‡iwb| †Kbbv ee©‡iiv Rvb‡Z cvi‡j Zv‡KI nZ¨v Ki‡e| wKQyw`b Rj−vìv wVK Ki‡jv ¸jx K‡i Avi nZ¨v bq| Ab¨ cš’v| Gevi 175

†_‡K ïi“ n‡jv RevB, wKš‘ msL¨vq Kg‡jvbvÐ†mB kZvwaK cÖwZ iv‡Z| Gic‡ii NUbv Pig wbôyiZvi| iv‡Îi e`‡j nZ¨vi Rb¨ w`‡bi †ejv‡K †e‡Q wbj| mK‡ji †Pv‡Li mvg‡b w`‡b wcV †gvov †`Iqv UªvK fwZ© ev½vjx wb‡q hvIqv n‡Zv Avi N›Uv Lv‡bK ci ïb¨ UªvK wd‡i Avm‡ZvÐMj−vgvix‡Z c‡o iB‡Zv wKQy¶Y Av‡Mi hvIqv †mBme gvby‡li kxZj †`n¸wj| Lyjbv kni gy³ nIqvi ci Mj−vgvix Lvj †_‡K `yB UªvK gv_vi Lywj cvIqv wMqvwQj| Qwe Zyjevi Rb¨ Mj−vgvixi Af¨š—‡ii avb‡¶‡Z Xy‡K †`Ljvg GK b„ksm `„k¨| GKvwaK jvk c‡o Av‡Q, †mw`‡K GKwU KzKzi Lv‡”Q Avi `~‡i Aci GKwU jv‡ki cv‡k Avi GKwU KzKzi e‡m nvucv‡”Q| g‡b nq gvbyl †L‡q Zvi D`i AwZgvÎvq cwic~Y©| fve‡ZI AevK jv‡M m„wói †kÖô Rxe e‡j L¨vZ gvbyl‡K KzKz‡i †U‡b wQu‡o

Lv‡”Q|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL PÆMªv‡g ea¨f~ywgi mÜvb| c~e©‡`k 13 ‡deªyqvix, 1972

(`wjjcÎ 8g LÛ c„ t 534) PÆMªv‡gi 20wU ea¨f~ywg‡Z ev½vjx wbabhÁ P‡j‡Q| \c~e©‡`k cÖwZwbwa\

PÆMªvg, 12B †deªyqvix|Ð PÆMªvg kni I kniZjx GjvKv m‡gZ †Rjvi Av‡iv 9wU _vbv‡Z nvbv`vi Lvb †mbviv me©‡gvU 20wU ea¨f~wg‡Z ev½vjx wbabhÁ Abyôvb Pvwj‡q‡Q| kni I kniZjx GjvKvi 10wU ea¨f~wgi g‡a¨ AvUwU‡Z M‡o cvuP nvRvi K‡i ev½vjx‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j AbywgZ n‡”Q| G Qvov †cvU© GjvKv Ges †bfx e¨vivK GjvKv‡Z my`xN© 9 gvm e¨vcx gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i wK nv‡i KY©dzwj b`x‡Z fvwm‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q, Zvi †Kvb nw`mI Luy‡R †ei Kiv m¤¢e bq| PÆMªvg kni I kniZjx GjvKvi 10wU Ges Mªvg AÂ‡ji †MvUv cvu‡PK ea¨f~wg BwZg‡a¨ Avwg Ny‡i †`‡LwQ| G me ea¨f~wg †_‡K ev½vjx nZ¨vi mwVK msL¨v nq‡Zv cvIqv hv‡ebv, wKš—y— GL‡bv miKvi hw` e¨vcK AbymÜvb I Z_v msMª‡ni Rb¨ GwM‡q Av‡mb Z‡e nZ¨vh‡Ái e¨vcKZv mn GKUv AvbygvwbK msL¨vI wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb e‡j wek¦vm| †Kvb †Kvb gnj PÆMªv‡g wbnZ †jv‡Ki msL¨v 1 jvL n‡e e‡j Abygvb Ki‡Qb| wKš‘ Avgvi g‡b nq, wewfbœ _vbvmn G msL¨v Aš—Zt wZb jv‡L `vuov‡e| kni I kniZjxi AvgevMvb, Iqvi‡jm K‡jvbx, †kikvn K‡jvbx 176

I d‡qR †j‡K mn †MvUv cvnvoZjx GjvKv‡Z GL‡bv 20 †_‡K 25 nvRvi ev½vjxi gv_vi Lywj cvIqv hv‡e| GQvovI i‡q‡Q Pvu`MvI, jvjLvb evRvi, nvwjkni, KvjyNvU I †cvU© K‡jvbx BZ¨vw` ea¨f~wg| PÆMªvg K¨v›Ub‡g›U I mvwK©U nvD‡mI nvRvi nvRvi †jvK‡K a‡i wb‡q nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| MªvgvÂ‡j wg‡ik¦ivB I mxZvKz‡Ûi cvnvo, ivDRvb, cwUqv, mvZKvwbqv Ges evuk Lvjxi ebvÂ‡jI nvRvi nvRvi ev½vjx‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| †emiKvix D‡`¨v‡M mg¯— GjvKvq wi‡cvU© msMªn A‡bKUv KwVb KvR| Avgvi e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv Abyhvqx mviv PUªMªvg †Rjv‡Z wZb jvL ev½vjx‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ ea¨fywg‡Z Av‡Rv eû biK¼vj BZ¯—Zt wew¶ß Ae¯’vi cvIqv hv‡”Q| kn‡ii Iqvi‡jm K‡jvbx, SvDZjv I bvwQivev‡`i cvnvox GjvKv ¸‡jv‡Z jyKvwqZ eû biKsKv‡ji Aw¯—Z¡ Av‡Rv cvIqv hv‡e| BwZg‡a¨ SvDZjv GjvKvi wewfbœ †mdwU U¨v¼, cvnvox †Svc Sv‡oi g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jv KsKvj †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ| mxZvKz‡Ûi wkebv_ cvnv‡o K‡qK nvRvi ev½vjx‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| wg‡ik¦ivB‡qi †RviviMÄ Ges Iqvi‡jm GjvKv‡Z gvbyl R‡en Kivi ¯nvqx‡K›`ª ¯nvcb Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| iv¯—vi UªvK, evm Ges †Uªb †_‡K nvRvi nvRvi †jvK‡K a‡b G‡b AvUK K‡i ivLv n‡Zv Ges cÖwZw`b 50 Rb A_ev 100 Rb K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv| G mg¯— GjvKv‡Z AmsL¨ Kei Av‡Rv †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| gvby‡li cwiwnZ KvcoÐ‡Pvco, RyZv, m¨v‡Ûj BZ¨vw`I GLv‡b †mLv‡b c‡o Av‡Q| ¯nvbxq Rbmvavi‡Yi aviYv g‡Z ïay wg‡ik¦ivB I mxZvKz‡Ûi ea¨f~wg ¸‡jv‡Z 15 †_‡K 25 nvRvi †jvK‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov ivDRvb, cwUqv I evukLvjx BZ¨vw` _vbv‡ZI cÖvq Abyi“c nv‡i MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL iscy‡ii `yÕwU MYmgvwa c~e©‡`k 30 GwcÖj, 1972

`wjjcÎ, 8g LÛ c„ t 578 iscy‡ii `yÕwU MYmgvwai mÜvb jvf

iscyi, 26‡k GwcÖj (evmm)|ÐGLv‡b `yÕwU MYmgvwai mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q| GKwU iscyi K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui Kv‡Q, Avi GKwU kni †_‡K PvigvBj `~‡i mv‡neMÄ Mªv‡g| GKwU we‡kl MYnZ¨v AbymÜvbKvix `j G MYmgvwa¸‡jvi mÜvb †`b| K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui Kv‡Qi MYmgvwawU‡Z cÖvq `yÕk e¨w³‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| Wvt wRKi“j nK Gg wm G ‡KI GLv‡b nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| ‰mq`cy‡ii KÕRb 177

gv‡ovqvix‡KI GLv‡b nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j Rvbv †M‡Q| †Uwj‡dvb I †UwjMªvd wefv‡Mi mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U †mLv‡b ‡_‡K cvwj‡q Avm‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| mv‡neMÄ MYmgvwa nZ¨vKv‡Ûi Avi GKwU jxjv‡¶Î| GLv‡b 19 Rb ev½vjx mvgwiK Awdmvi I ‰mwbK‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq| GKRb Awdmv‡ii c‡KU †_‡K GKwU d‡Uv I wPwV cvIqv †M‡Q| Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q †m AwdmviwU GKRb K¨v‡Þb wQ‡jb| Zvui ¯¿xi wjLv c‡Î Zvu‡K PvKzix †Q‡o cvwj‡q hvevi Aby‡iva wQj| nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wkKvi mvgwiK Awdmvi I †Rvqvb‡`i nvZ evuav I †PvL Zy‡j †djv n‡qwQj e‡j Abygvb Kiv nq|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL GKvË‡i iscy‡ii AvjgbMi Õevsjv‡`‡k MYnZ¨vÕ 1972 evsjvi evYx, we‡kl msL¨v

`wjjcÎ 8g LÛ c„ t 609 1971 t AvjgbMi, iscyi

wZbwU ¸jx, wZb‡U kã, wZb‡U `vM evmy wgTvi| GKwU †Pv‡L, GKwU gy‡L, GKwU ey‡K| evmy wgTvi Avi GK bvg †gvnv¤§` BmgvBj wgTv| wZwb iscyi kn‡ii AvjgbMi wbevmx GKRb RbMYgvb¨ †`ke‡iY¨ wewkó eëmvqx wQ‡jb| Zvi Aciva wZwb abx Ges AvIqvgx jxMvi| Zv‡K †hw`b gviv nq Avwg †mw`b iscy‡i| GKvË‡ii GwcÖj gv‡mi cÖ_gw`‡K m¦cwiev‡i wbRm¦ †gvU‡i K‡i kni †_‡K cvjv‡jb `~i gdm¦jÐÔÔcÙM‡ÄÕÕ| evmy wgTv cvjv‡bvi K‡qK w`b Av‡MB Zvi evoxi cv‡ki cvovi (‡gvoj) AvwRR wgTv‡K Lvb †mbviv iscyi c−vUdg© †_‡K Aev½vjx‡ì Bkvivq a‡i wb‡q hvq| AvR ch©š— †m AvwRR wgTv Avi N‡i wd‡i Av‡mbwb| Avwg ZLb m¦qs iscyi c−vUdi‡g `vuov‡bv| evmy wgTv cvjv‡jb RvbvRvwb n‡q †Mj Aev½vjx‡ì g‡a¨| ïi“ nj Zvi Zj−vkx| Gw`‡K kn‡i aicvKo K‡i c‡_ÐNv‡U mgv‡b ¸jx K‡i gvi‡Q Lvb †mbviv ey‡bv ï‡qv‡ii gZ| GKw`b kn‡ii MY¨gvb¨ me©cwiwPZ GMviRb ev½vjx‡K nvZ cv †eu‡a gvwnMÄ k¥kv‡b ivZ eviUvq ¸jx K‡i gv‡i| Zvi g‡a¨ GKRb f`ª‡jvK ÔÔWvt g›UyÕÕ| wZwb cÖ_g ¸jxi AvIqv‡R gyû‡Z©B AÁvb n‡q c‡o hvb NvZ‡Ki A‡MvP‡i| GMviR‡bi Dci cÖvq 30/40 wU ey‡jU Pvwj‡q P‡j hvq| wKš‘ weavZvi B”Qv Wv³vi g›Uy g‡ibwb| †kl iv‡Zi w`‡K wZwb AvnZ Ae¯nvq Ávb wd‡i †c‡q k¥kvb I evuab gy³ n‡q fvi‡Zi ‡Kvb GK 178

nvmcvZv‡j †h‡q fwZ© nb| g„Z `kR‡bi g‡a¨ Ri‡RU wgTvi Rb¨ AvRI iscy‡ii †jvK `xN©k¦vm Qv‡o| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL ‡jt K‡b©j Wvt byi“j Avemvi Ôevsjv‡`k MYnZ¨vÕ 1972 †gvnv¤§` Rvnv½xi evsjvi evYx, we‡kl msL¨v|

‡jt K‡b©j Wvt byi“j Avemvi †gvnv¤§` Rvnv½xi \ kvgmyj nK Avjxbyi \

`wjjcÎ, 8g LÛ c„ t 615Ð617

ÔÔAvgvi nv‡Z GKUv wc¯—j Zy‡j w`‡q wZwb ej‡jb, K‡b©j kvnby‡ii e`jv nq‡Zv Avgvi Ici †_‡KB Iiv †b‡e|†Zvgv‡K AvZ¥i¶vi R‡b¨ wc¯—j w`‡q †Mjvg| Iiv †Zvgvi IciI AvµgY Pvjv‡Z cv‡i| K_v¸‡jv e‡jB wZwb evB‡i G‡m `vuov‡jb| mk¯¿ cvK †mbviv Zvu‡K Mvox‡Z Zy‡j wb‡q P‡j †Mj| Zvici wZwb Avi wd‡i Av‡mbwb|ÕÕ cvKÐnvbv`vi evwnbxi nv‡Z wbnZ 40 wdì G¨v¤¦y‡j‡Ýi KgvwÛs Awdmvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j Wvt byi“j Avemvi †gvnvg¥` Rvnv½x‡ii cZœx wg‡mm †Rey‡bœmv Rvnv½xi ev¯úi“× K‡Ú K_v¸‡jv ej‡jb| ÔÔevsjvi gvwU Avi evsjvi gvby‡li cªwZ fvjevmvB wQj Zvi me‡P‡q eo Aciva| Zv bv n‡j †Kb Ggb n‡e ? Avgvi m¦vgx †Kvb Ab¨vq K‡ibwb| Zey †Kb Iiv Avgvi m¦vgx‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡jv? wZwb ev½vjxÐGUvB wK Zvi me‡P‡q eo Aciva?ÕÕ GKUy †_‡g K_v ejwQ‡jb wg‡mm †Rey‡bœmv Rvnv½xi| wZwb ejwQ‡jb GKvË‡ii Dwb‡k gv‡P©i GKwU NUbv| Kzwgj−v K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U D”P c`¯n Avwg© Awdmvi‡`i Ri“ix Kbdv‡iÝ| Av‡jvPbvi welqÐevsjv‡`‡ki hye mgvR‡K mg~‡j DrLvZ Ki‡Z n‡e| D³ Kbdv‡i‡Ý weª‡MwWqvi BKevj kwd, †jt K‡b©j BqvKze gvwjK, †gRi AvMv †evLvix, †gRi myjZvb (‡ejyP †iwR‡g‡›Ui †jvK) mn A‡bK D”Pc`¯n cvK Avwg© Dcw¯nZ wQ‡jv| mfvq wm×vš—— †bqv n‡jvÐevsjvi msMªvgx hye mgvR‡K G‡jvcv_vwo fv‡e nZ¨v Kiv n‡e| wKš‘ cÖ¯—v‡ei we‡ivaxZv Ki‡jb †jt K‡b©j Rvnv½xi| bv, Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv, Am¤¢e| `„p cÖZ¨q wb‡q wZwb †mw`b cÖ¯—v‡ei wei“‡× i“‡L `vuwo‡qwQ‡jb| Avi Gici †_‡KB †Kvb Kbdv‡i‡Ý Rbve Rvnv½xi‡K WvKv n‡Zv bv| wZwb †h‡Z PvB‡jI Zv‡K XyK‡Z †`qv n‡Zv bv| 179

ÔÔGi KÔw`b ci mv‡neRv`v BqvKze Avgvi m¦vgx‡K †W‡K cvVvb Ges K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui evB‡i †h‡Z eviY K‡ibÕÕ ej‡jb wg‡mm Rvnv½xi| Zvici G‡jv cuwP‡k gvP©| ‡mw`b ivZ mvZUvi w`‡K weª‡MwWqvi kwd †jt K‡b©j Rvnv½xi†K †W‡K cvVvb K¬v‡e| K¬ve †_‡K wd‡i G‡m wZwb Avgv‡K Rvbvb AvR iv‡Zi †ejvq Iiv nq‡Zv ev½vjx‡ì Dci S©vwc‡q co‡e| I‡ì K_vevZv©q ZvB g‡b n‡q‡Q| K_v ‡kl bv n‡ZB K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKvi evwZ wb‡f †Mj| iv‡Z Avgiv Avi NygvBwb| ïay †gwkb Mvb, Kvgvb Avi U¨v‡¼i k‡ã evi evi wkD‡i DVjvg| gv‡S gv‡S K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKvi gvby‡li Amnvq wPrKviI ïb‡Z jvMjvg| K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui evB‡i Av¸b †`Lv †Mj| Avgvi m¦vgx Avgv‡ì mvš—bv w`‡Z jvM‡jb| ‡fvi‡ejv †`Ljvg Avgv‡ì evmvi m¤§y‡L AviwUjvix Mvb ewm‡q Iiv K‡qKRb e‡m Av‡Q| †hb Avgiv evB‡i †ei“‡Z bv cvwi| ‡jt K‡b©j Rvnv½xi eyS‡Z cvi‡jb wZwb e›`x| Avi ZvB wZwb †dvb K‡i Zvi BDwb‡Ui ev½vjx ‰mwbK‡ì my‡hvM ey‡S cvwj‡q wM‡q evsjvi gyw³msMªv‡g kixK n‡Z ej‡jb| `~ivjvcbx‡Z wZwb Zvi BDwb†Ui ev½vjx ‰mwbK‡ì ej‡jb gi‡Z hw` nq Zvn‡j ex‡ii g‡ZvB g‡iv| AvwgI †Zvgv‡ì KvZv‡i G‡m kvwgj nw”Q| K_v †kl K‡i weª‡M‡W hvevi D‡Ï‡k¨ evB‡i G‡m `vuov‡ZB cwðgv nvbv`vi evwnbx Zv‡K evav †`q Ges e‡jÐÔÔAvcbvi evB‡i hvIqv Pj‡e bv|ÕÕ 29‡k gvP© iv‡Z †dv‡b wZwb Lei †c‡jb PÆMªv‡gi Kzwgivq hy× Ki‡Z wM‡q ev½vjx ‰mwbK‡ì nv‡Z †jt K‡b©j kvnbyi wbnZ n‡q‡Qb| 30‡k gvP© Lye mKv‡j GK`j cvÄvex `vbe evmv †_‡K Zv‡K Mvox‡Z DwV‡q wb‡q †Mj, hvevi Av‡M AvZ¥i¶vi Rb¨ wZwb Avgv‡K GKUv wc¯—j w`‡q †M‡jb| Gici Avwg Zvi Avi †Kvb †LvuR cvBwb| m¦vgx †bB, N‡i Lvevi †bB| `y‡ai wkï Kvu`‡Q, `ya †bB| GK †dvUv cvwbI †bB| N‡ii evB‡i †Mvjv¸jx Pj‡Q| evB‡i †ei“evi c_ eÜ| GK †dvUv cvwbi R‡b¨ QUdU Ki‡Q Avgvi mš—vbiv| Zey `vbeiv cvwb †`qwb| Lvevi †`qwb| K_v¸‡jv ej‡Z ej‡Z Kvbœvq †f‡½ co‡jb wg‡mm Rvnv½xi| Avi wVK †mB mgq wg‡mm Rvnv½x‡ii †QvU †Q‡j Avwid ej‡jvÐÔÔcvwbi R‡b¨ Avgvi Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q KZ †Ku‡`wQ| Zvici †_‡KB Avj−vn& e„wó w`‡q‡Qb| Avi Avgiv †mB e„wói cvwb cvb K‡iwQ| cv‡Î Rwg‡q †i‡LwQ|ÕÕ e„wó bv n‡j †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì evuPv‡bv †hZbv, AkÖywm³ bq‡b ej‡jb wg‡mm Rvnv½xi| Ggwbfv‡e KÔw`b Abvnv‡i KvUvi ci biwckvPiv Zv‡ì‡K K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKvi GKwU ¯Kz‡j AvUK K‡i iv‡L| †mB ¯Kz‡j ev½vjx Avwg© Awdmvi I ‰mwbK‡ì A‡bK cwievi‡K AvU‡K ivLv n‡qwQj| 180

Zvici GwcÖ‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q wg‡mm Rvnv½xi K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKv †_‡K wZb wkï mš—vb gvi“d (13), Avwid (10) I `yÔeQ‡ii wgwgi nvZ a‡i †ewi‡q G‡jb| wZbwU wkï mš—vb mn wg‡mm Rvnv½xi cÖv‡Y evuP‡jb, wKš‘ evuPv‡Z cvi‡jb bv Zvi cÖvYwcÖq m¦vgx‡K| wg‡mm †Rey‡bœmv Rvnv½xi Avgv‡K Rvbvb †h, Kzwgj−v K¨v›Ub‡g›U Ae¯nvb iZ AwaKvsk ev½vjx Awdmvi I ‰mwbK‡ì wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ Zvi m¦vgx †jt K‡b©j Rvnv½xi mn †jd‡Ub¨v›U dvi“K, K¨vc‡Ub û`v, K¨vc‡Ub eì“j Avjg, †gRi Bmjvg, †gRi Lv‡jK, †gRi gywn`yj Rvgv‡ji bvg Zvi ¯§iY Av‡Q e‡j wZwb Avgv‡K e‡jb| D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †h, m¦vaxbZv jv‡fi ci Kzwgj−v K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKv †_‡K AmsL¨ ea¨f~wgi mÜvb cvIqv hvq| †m me ea¨f~wg †_‡K †jt K‡b©j Rvnv½xi mn AMwYZ ev½jx Avwg© Awdmvi I ‰mwbK‡ì biKsKvj D×vi Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki mk¯¿ evwnbx h_v‡hvM¨ gh©v`vi mv‡_ †jt K‡b©j

Rvnv½x†ii †`nve‡kl mgvwa¯’ K‡ib|

cÎ cwÎKvq gyw³hy× K¨v¤ú I PyKbM‡i MYnZ¨v ïi“ n‡q‡Q gyw³hy‡×i MYnZ¨vi BwZnv‡mi m¦iƒc AbymÜvb cvwK¯— vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksmZvi †mw`b gyn~‡Z©B PyKbMi n‡q I‡V jv‡ki Rbc`, ea¨Mªvg dRjyj evix PyKbMi K¨v¤ú w`‡q ïi“ n‡q‡Q gyw³hy‡×i MYnZ¨vi BwZnv‡mi m¦iƒc AbymÜv‡bi bZyb Aa¨vq| PyKbM‡ii †jvKRb cvwK¯—vwb kvmK‡`i ‰Zwi nvgy`yi ingvb Kwgk‡bi wi‡cv‡U©i K_v ï‡b nv‡mb| IB wi‡cv‡U© †h RvqMvwU wQj †mwU GLb meyR dm‡ji gvV| †mB gv‡Vi w`‡KB Av½yj DwP‡q Mªv‡gi GK eq¯‹ Pvlx e‡jb, Avcbviv kn‡ii gvbyl †hUv ea¨f~wg e‡jb, GwUB evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo ea¨f~wg| GLv‡bB gv‡Vi gvwUi wb‡P kvwqZ nvRvi nvRvi evOvwj mš—vb| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

1971 mvj 20 †g | `w¶Y c~e©vÂ‡ji K‡qK †Rjvi cÖvq 10 nvRvi gvbyl nvbv`vi evwnbxi Zvov †L‡q G‡m mg‡eZ n‡q‡Q PyKbMi evRv‡i| wcQ‡b Zvov K‡i‡Q m¤§yL hg`~Z, nv‡qbv evwnbx, Zv‡`i mn‡hvMx ivRvKvi Avje`i `j| wcQ‡b ïay g„Zy¨, al©Y, AwMœms‡hv†Mi cÖZvc| cÖvYf‡q, m¤£gnvwbi f‡q GB gvby‡liv PyKbMi G‡m D‡VwQ‡jb GLvb †_‡K †Kkecy‡ii Mªv‡gi wfZi w`‡q fvi‡Z cvwo Rgv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨| GjvKvwU Lyjbv kni †_‡K cÖvq 32 wKtwgt cwð‡g, LyjbvÐmvZ¶xiv mo‡Ki cv‡k| 18†g †_‡K 181

†jvKRb Avm‡Z ïi“ K‡i| 20 †g mKvj bvMv` Zv‡ì msL¨v 10 nvRvi Qvwo‡q hvq| evRv‡ii cv‡k, GLv‡b †mLv‡b wb`Övnxb K¬vš— gvbyl¸‡jv wekÖvg wbw”Qj| ‡KDev e¨¯— wQj ivbœvÐLvIqvi Av‡qvRb cÖ¯—ywZ wb‡q|ivRvKviiv Zv‡ì evc cvwK¯—vwb evwnbx‡K Lei †`q| wZb Mvwo †evSvB nv‡qbv evwnbx †cŠu‡Q hvq PyKbM‡i| wbi¯¿ gvbyl¸‡jvi Ici †ec‡ivqv ¸wj Ki‡Z Ki‡Z nv‡qbv evwnbx Suvwc‡q c‡o| hv‡K †hLv‡b mvg‡b †c‡q‡Q Zviv ¸wj K‡i‡Q| we‡ji gv‡S †NivI Ae¯’vq ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v P‡j| Mªv‡g Xy‡K nZ¨v P‡j, b`xi Zxi a‡i P‡j MYnZ¨vi wefxwlKv| mKvj 10 UvÐmv‡o 10Uv †_‡K 4/5 N›Uv P‡j‡Q GB MYnZ¨v| gyû‡Z© PyKbMi n‡q hvq jv‡ki Rbc`| ea¨Mªvg| jv‡ki Ici jvk, gv‡qi †Kv‡j wkïi jvk, m¦vgx‡K euvPv‡Z ¯¿x Rwo‡q a‡iwQj| evev †g‡q‡K euvPv‡Z Rwo‡q a‡iwQj| gyû‡Z© mevB jvk n‡q hvq| f`Öv b`xi cvwb‡Z eq i‡³i bni, f`Öv b`x n‡q hvq jv‡ki b`x| K‡qK N›Uv Ggb MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡bvi ci cvwK¯—vwb‡ì ¸wji gRy` dzwi‡q †M‡j Zviv P‡j hvq| `~‡i †_‡K hviv †`‡L‡Q GB fqven MYnZ¨vi wefxwlKv, cvwK¯—vwb ‰mbïv P‡j †M‡Q †`‡L Zviv ax‡i ax‡i GwM‡q Av‡m| Zuv‡ì †ek K‡qKRb gyw³hy× M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui AbymÜvbKgx©‡ì Kv‡Q ïµevi mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Qb| Zuv‡ì MYnZ¨v `k©‡bi AwfÁZv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| e‡j‡QbÐ ZLb jvk, i³ Qvov Avi wKQy †Kv_vI wQj bv cy‡iv PyKbMi GjvKvq| AvnZ‡ì †MvOvwbi kã, AvnvRvwi Qvov wKQyB †kvbv hvqwb| ¸wj‡Z huviv g‡iwb Zv‡ì †eq‡bU w`‡q LuywP‡q nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZviciI hviv g‡iwb Zv‡ì AvnvRvwii k‡ã cvwj‡q †M‡Q GjKvi me cïcvwL| K‡qKRb ej‡jb, 42kÕ ch©š— jvk ¸‡b‡Qb| ¸b‡Z ¸b‡Z cwikÖvš— n‡q jvk †Mvbv ev` w`‡q‡Qb| f`Öv b`x w`‡q †hgb KPywicvbvi eni hvq †Zgwb †f‡m †M‡Q jv‡ki eni| b`x w`‡q †h KZ jvk †f‡m †M‡Q Zv †MvbvB m¤¢e nqwb| cÖZ¨¶`kx©i AwfÁZv eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q 30 eQi ciI GB gvbyl¸‡jv wkD‡i D‡V‡Qb| eY©bv huviv ï‡b‡Qb wkD‡i D‡V‡Qb ZvuivI| eY©bv hvuiv ï‡b‡Qb wkD‡i D‡V‡Qb ZvivI| eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q GKR‡bi †PvL w`‡q Rjaviv †b‡g‡Q|| huviv ï‡b‡Qb ZuvivI m¦Rb nZ¨vi †e`bvq †Pv‡Li Rj jyKv‡Z cv‡ib wb| cÖZ¨¶`kx©‡ì A‡b‡K Gi gv‡S gviv †M‡Qb| huviv †eu‡P Av‡Qb MYnZ¨vi jvk †Mvbvi AwjwLZ BwZnvm ejvi Rb¨ †hb †eu‡P Av‡Qb| GKRb e‡j‡Qb, GLbI A‡bK iv‡Z Avwg Nygv‡Z cvwi bv| †PvL eÜ Ki‡jB jvk Avi jvk †`wL| Avevi jv‡ki ¯—~c †`wL| GKvË‡i PyKbMi evRv‡i ev`vg wewµi †ckv wQj BqvKze Avjx mi`v‡ii| †Mvjv¸wj †_‡g hvevi ci wZwbI jv‡ki ¯—~c †`L‡Z Mªv‡g Xy‡KwQ‡jb| BqvKze Avjxi m‡½ ïµevi K_v ejvi mgq nvgy`yi ingvb Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡j 182

wZwb nv‡mb| e‡jb, 26 nvRvi gvbyl †g‡i‡Q Zviv wnmve K‡i; Avgv‡`i GLv‡bB †Zv †g‡i‡Q 10 nvRv‡ii ‡ekx|

‡gvt mvgmyj nK mnKvix wnmve i¶K, evsjv‡`k †ijI‡q cvnvoZjx, PUªMªvg (`wjjcÎ, Aóg LÛ c„t 355)

10B b‡f¤¦i| †mw`bwU wQj 20‡k igRvb| cvnvoZjx‡Z ev½vjx gv †evb‡`i

Dci wenvix I cvK‡mbviv ‡h wbg©g nZ¨vhÁ PvjvBqvwQ‡jv `ywbqvi m¦vaxbZvi

BwZnv‡m Zv weij|

10B b‡f¤¦i Lye mKvj †ejv cvnvoZjxi cvÄvex jvBb, Iqvi‡jm& K‡jvbx, evnv`yi kvn K‡jvbxi wkï, hyeK, hyeZx, bvix, cyi“l, e„×‡K K‡jvbxi evmv nB‡Z

†Rvi c~e©K awiqv Av‡b Ges Kvnv‡K Kvnv‡K wgwjUvix Awdmvi mv‡ne Wv‡K ewjqv

†avuKv w`qv Iqvi‡jm K‡jvbxi wbKU¯’ cvnv‡o `j evuwaqv wbqv hvq| †mLv‡b Rj−- v‡`iv avivj A¯¿ I m¦qsµxq A¯¿ w`qv `qvgqvnxb Ae¯’vq nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| mKvj nB‡Z †ejv wZbUv ch©š— GB nZ¨vhÁ Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|

Avgiv K‡qKRb AveQvi DwÏb, Ave`ym †Qvenvb I †gvt Qv‡e` wgqv nZ¨vhÁ cvnv‡oi R½j nB‡Z †`wL‡Z cvB| mv‡_ mv‡_ Wejgywis _vbvq mwnZ †hvMv‡hvM

Kwi| wKš— Zvnviv QjPvZyix Kwiqv Avgvw`M‡K we`vq K‡i|

c‡i `ycy‡i gymjxg jxM, Rvgv‡Z Bmjvgx I wc, wW, wci `vjvjw`M‡KI GB b„ksm nZ¨vh‡Ái K_v ewjqvwQ| †mBw`b biNvZKiv GK GK ev‡i AvbygvwbK `yBkZ

†jvK‡K nZ¨v Kwiqv Zvnv‡`i kix‡ii Kvco ¸wj GKwGZ Kwiqv †c‡Uªvj w`qv

R¡vjvBqv w`qvwQj|

10B b‡f¤¦i wZbUvi mgq GKRb mvgwiK Awdmvi mn A‡b‡K Iqvi‡jm

K‡jvbx †`wL‡Z Av‡m| mv‡_ Avgiv cÖvq wZbkZ †jvK Zvnv‡`i mv‡_ D³ RvqMvq wMqv †cuŠQvB| nvRvi nvRvi bvix cyi“‡li jvk cwoqv Av‡Q| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI g„Z‡`n

¸wj GKwGZ Kwiqv †c‡Uªvj w`qv R¡vjvBqv‡Q|

GB nZ¨vhÁ †`wLqv cvÄvex mvgwiK Awdmvi I Zv‡`i `vjvjivI wVK

_vwK‡Z cv‡ibvB| bi cïiv AvZ¥xq m¦Rb‡K jvk w`‡Z Am¦xKvi K‡i| cvnv‡oi 183

Dc‡i wbj©¾ Ae¯’vq A‡bK hyeZx I bvix ‡`n ¶Z we¶Z Ae¯’vq cwoqv Av‡Q|

Ggwbfv‡e gv †evb w`M‡K wbg©g fv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nBqv‡Q|

m¦v¶i/Ð ‡gvt mvgmyj nK 7/4/73

(P) MYnZ¨v m¤ú‡K© we‡`kx mvsevw`KM‡Yi cÖwZ‡e`b t

24‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L we‡`kx mvsevw`KMY‡K XvKv nB‡Z AcmviY Kiv nq|

25/26 †k gvP© MYnZ¨vi cÖvi¤¢ Ab¨vb¨ mvsevw`K‡`iI AcmviY Kiv nq| wKš‘ cieZx©‡Z KwjKvZvi wbK‡U I fvi‡Zi mxgv‡š— ¯’vwcZ kiYv_x© †K›`ª¸wj‡Z hy³ivR¨, hy³ivóª I Ab¨vb¨ †`k nB‡Z wewfbœ mg‡q cvj©v‡g›U, Ks‡Mªm I wm‡bU m`m¨MY Avwmqv kiYv_x©M‡Yi Ae¯’v Pv¶ym †`‡Lb| ZvnvQvov, evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨š—

‡i Aew¯’Z A‡bK we‡`kx Ges AvMZ mvsevw`KMY evsjv‡`‡k AbywôZ MYnZ¨v m¤ú‡K© Zvnv‡`i gg©vwš—K AwfÁZv eY©bv K‡ib| wb‡æ Zvnvi K‡qKwU gvÎ eY©bv

Kiv nBj|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL c~e©es‡M MYnZ¨v m¤ú‡K© e„wUk Avb›`evRvi 24 GwcÖj, 1971 cvj©v‡g‡›Ui kÖwgK `jxq m`m¨ m‘m¨ wgt eyªm WMjvm g¨vbÐGi e³e¨|

`wjjcÎt Î‡qv`k LÛ c„t 116

wf‡qrbv‡g ÔgvBjvBÕ GKwU e¨wZµg, Avi †MvUv c~e©e½B gvBjvB ÐWMjvm g¨vb (÷vd wi‡cvU©)

KjKvZv, 24 GwcÖjÐweªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›Ui kÖwgK`‡ji m`m¨ wgt eªym WMjvmg¨vb AvR GLv‡b e‡jb †h, wf‡qrbv‡g gvwK©b †dŠR mvaviY gvby‡li Dci †h AZ¨vPvi Pvwj‡q‡Q, Bqvwnqvkvnxi ee©iZv Zv‡KI nvi gvwb‡q‡Q| wZwb e‡jb, wf‡qrbv‡g gvBjvB GKwU e¨wZµg, Avi †MvUv c~e©e½B gvBjvB|

AvR mKv‡j KjKvZv †cÖm K¬v‡e †`kxÐwe†`kx mvsevw`K‡`i GK ‰eV‡K wZwb e‡jb, c~e©e‡½ binZ¨v Awfhvb eÜ Kivi Rb¨, cvwK¯—vb miKv‡i‡K hyw³i c‡_ Pj‡Z eva¨ Kivi Rb¨ mviv wek¦‡K Dchy³ A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯nv MªnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

fviZel© cvwK¯—v‡bi Avf¨š—ixY e¨vcv‡i n¯—‡¶c Ki‡Q e‡j cvwK¯— vb †h Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Q, †m m¤ú‡K© gš—e¨ Ki‡Z ejv n‡j wgt g¨vb e‡jb, 184

GB e¨vcv‡i fviZel© h‡_ó msh‡gi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q| h‡_”Qv binZ¨v‡K wZwb †Kvb g‡ZB GKwU †`‡ki Avf¨š—ixY e¨vcvi e‡j g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|

KjKvZvi cvK †WcywU nvB Kwgkb †hfv‡e AvbyMZ¨ cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q, Bsj¨v‡Û †mB iKg wKQy n‡j Avcwb wK Ki‡Z ej‡Zb?ÐGB cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e wgt g¨vb e‡jb, wZwb GKRb AvBbRxex| AvB‡bi K_vB wZwb fve‡Zb| †KD evox Rei `Lj K‡i‡Q g‡b n‡j Bsj¨v‡ÛI AvB‡bi AvkÖq †bIqvB GKgvG c_|

wZwb Rvbvb, e„wUk cvj©v‡g‡›Ui 220Rb m`m¨ c~e©e‡½ hy×weiwZi `vex Rvwb‡q cvjv©‡g‡›U GKwU cÖ¯—v‡ei †bvwUk w`‡q‡Qb| GB cÖ¯—v‡ei c‡¶ wZwbB cÖ_g m¦v¶iKvix| Bsj¨v‡Û evsjv ‡`‡ki Rb¨ †h me©`jxq KwgwU MwVZ n‡q‡Q, wgt WMjvm g¨vb Zvi †Pqvig¨vb|

Zvui aviYv, Bsj¨v‡Ûi miKv‡ii g‡bvfve cv‡ë †M‡Q| ILvbKvi msev`cÎ¸wj my¯úó fvlvq cvwK¯—vbx ee©iZvi wb›`v K‡i‡Q| nvRvi nvRvi wbi¯¿ gvbyl‡K wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡”Q| GB nZ¨v eÜ Kivi Rb¨ eªwUk Ges Abvb¨ miKvi‡K A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯nv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL evsjv†`k NUbvejxi Dci we we evsjv‡`k WKz¨‡g›Um 27 GwcÖj, 1971 wmÐM„nxZ Rb †÷vbnvD‡mi mv¶vrKvi|

`wjjcÎ Î‡qv`k LÛ c„t 121 JOHN STONEHOUSE’S INTERVIEW WITH BBC ON APRIL 27,1971

On his return to London, John Stonehouse was interviewed on the Today Programme of B.B.C. on April 27, Stonehouse said that “terrible” things had happened in East Bengal, things which have not been seen since the last war. Describing it further Stonehouse said that what had happened in East Bengal “makes Vietnam look like a tea-party.” He talked in particular of the incident at Dacca University on March 25, When staff and Students were “rounded up and shot in coldÐblood.” He expressed great regreat that a “98 per cent” vote for a democratically held election had not only been refused its just deserts but had been subjected to a policy of repression by the military junta. “We must be concerned about this; we can’t wash our hands off this,” said John Stonehouse. wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL evsjv‡`ki wbh©vZ‡bi Ici G¨vKkb evsjv‡`k; 27 ‡g, 1971 msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ cÖwZ‡e‡`bi D×„wZ t w` MvwW©qvb| 185

c~btcÖPvi|

`wjjcÎt Î‡qv`k LÛ c„t 125 REPRINTED FROM THE GUARDIAN, MAY 27, 1971 BY ACTION BANGLADESH, 34, STRATFORD VILLAS, LONDON, N.W-1. East Bengal atrocities

Sir,-We are not reporters with little time to spare looking for the best stories. We have each lived in West Bengal for most of 20 years and we have talked at random with hundreds of refugees in the course of our relief work among them. The total picture of what has been happening in East Bengal is clear to us without any shadow of doubt.

There are scores of survivors of firing-squard line-ups. Hundreds of witnesses to the machine-gunning of political leaders, professor., doctors, teacher and students.

Villages have been surrounded, at any time of day or night, and the frightened villagers have fled where they could, or been slaughtered where they have been found, or enticed out to the fields and mown down in heaps. Women have been raped, girls carried of to barracks, unarmed peasants battered or bayoneted by the thousands.

The pattern, after seven weeks, is still the same. Even the least credible stories, of babies thrown up to be caught on bayonets, of women stripped and bayoneted vertically, or of children sticed up like meat, are credible not only because they are told by so many people, but because they are told by people without sufficient sophistication to make up such stories for political motives.

We saw the amputation of a mother’s arm and a child’s foot. These were too far from the border, and gangrene developed from their bullet-wounds. Many saw their daughters raped, and the heads of their children smashed in. Some watched their husbands, sons, and grandsons tied up at the writs and shot in more selective male elimination.

No sedative will calm a girl now in Bongaon Hospital-she is in a permanent delirium crying “ They will kill us all, they will kill us 186

all...... ” Next to her is a girl still trembling from day-long raping and a vaginal bayonet would.

About 400 were killed at Jhaudanga while on their way to India, surrounded and massacred. Why ? Lest they take tales to India? Or because choosing a certain democratic system under Sheikh Mujib means forfeiting the right to live in any country ?

Most vicious of all perhaps was the attempted annihilation of the East Bengal regiment. Few of the 1st Battalion escaped through a curtain of bullets fired by those who the previous day were their mates in the mess. It was symbolic of the betrayal of the whole of the eastern province.

The insensate furry follows the contempt of years: explotation had been chronic-rice had become double the price it sold for in the western province. Mujib’s men were ready to reestablish justice democratically and peacefully, and gained an overwhelming mandate from the people in the December elections 167 out of 169 seats. But Yahya Khan’s military junta and Mr. Bhutto could not stomach the humiliation implied.

Is this to be regarded as India’s problem ? It should be no more hers than anyother country’s. What is the West doing ? The big event is over, the heavy print of Pakistan receds, the tragedy is stale, who will fund the relief operations ? Who will campain for this ?

Are the political complexities so much a gag ? Has no government or people the voice that can sound out with the authentic ring of passion in support of the victims ? Is there no consensus out of which can be heard a creative answer ?

(Rev.) John Hastings, (Rev.) John Clapham, Sudder Street Methodist Church, Calcutta.

ROLF RANGE, NORWEGIAN CHURCH RELIEF. (`wjjcÎt Î‡qv`k LÛ, c„t 181Ð182) We were a group of Norwegians visiting Cooch Behar in the northern part of India to get an impression of the refugee situation. 187

One TV reporter, two cameramen and I, previously a journalist, at present Information Officer in Norwegian Church Relief. Our first impression: too much propaganda. We did not see many refugees, and as a journalist, I did not have confidence in the newspapers available. To me it appeared as pure propaganda all these stories about burning villages, massacres and raping.

When we told about our opinion they replied: Wait, you will see things yourself at the boundary !

An early morning in May we approached the border to East Pakistan. The sun had just risen, the dew drops were glittering and the landscape was idyllic. Vast green rice fields and small cluttering of palms. After a half hour of waiting we saw people coming up the road.

They were refugees-an endless stream of people. We counted five hundred ox-carts and on both sides of the vehicles walked people. Seven or eight men abreast. Young and old. They started to walk faster, raised their hands and started to yell. They appeared to be very eager to tell us of their plight.

The people up in front started running towards us, yelling and pointing in the direction from where they had come. None of us spoke Bengali, but it was not difficult to understand.

The village which they had been forced to leave was burning. An old white haired man lifted his hands towards heaven and cried out his grief. With gestures he told us that all his eight children had been killed. A finger across the throat told the story. The fefugees were so eager to tell their story that they in fact did not discover we did not know the language.

A man caught my arm with a strong grip. He carried a little girl on his arm. He pointed at the girl and I grasped that he wanted to tell me something about the mother of the little girl, his daughter. Something horrible had happened to her –some place inside East Pakistan. Twice he tried to tell me his story. Each time he swallowed and started to open his mouth. And each time he burst into helpless crying. He held my arm and cried out his sorrow. 188

A women looked at me without saying a word. Tears trickled down her cheeks. The children got frightened seeing their parents crying so openly and started to shriek out, Several of the grown-ups put up their hands to hide their faces and passed us without saying anything. We were now in the middle of the refugee stream, a tremendous river of people.

On both sides people were passing us with faces wet with tears, on the oxcarts people lay outstretched, some wounded. A man went by hitting and hitting the oxcart with his bare fist. Others looked ahead with frozen faces, stiffened by sorrow.

I threw a look at the cameraman, and discovered he had trouble in filming. He kept drying his eyes all the time to get rid of the tears. He fought with himself to look into the camera, but his crying intensified. At last he helplessly threw out his hands. He could not take it. The TV reporter from Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation had been talking all the time. I heard him saying : “Something terrible has happened. These people are coming from a burning village. There has been shootig and many people have been killed. They tell us that ...... I cannot tell you more. We will make the pictures speak.”

And then I discovered he was unable to speak. He also was crying. Then I couldn’t take any more. Tears came bursting, and we all left the road and went aside, letting the refugees pass.

Four tough men not being tough at all ......

Romano Cagnoni, Photographer (`wjjcÎt Î‡qv`k LÛ, c„t 188)

I was in Biafra for six months. I hoped I would never see a tragedy on that scale again. The situation in Bengal in its beginning is worse than

Biafra at the end of the war.

Dr. Meyer Caritas

So many marasmic children are seen suck the breast and looking like wizened old men, that the mothers get used to the idea 189

of having a very thin child and do not become unduly alarmed at the sight. In fact, they would rather leave the child alone than coax him to take any extra rice or dahl if the child refuses to take anything at all-even fluids.

Malnutrition claims a considerable umber of lives a day in each camp. To counter-act this menace, Operation Lifeline has been inaugurated under the Red Cross Umbrella and supported by the Government of India. Each participating voluntary agency retains its own autonomy and identity.

What are the reasons for this acute incidence of marasmus and kwashiorkor ? Change of dietary constituents is not the only factor, as the refugees have been living under more severe conditions before coming to salt Lake camp. In peace time, fish comprised a large part of their diet and now it is unavailable, except for a small quantity which the refugees sell themselves in the local shops they have constructed along the roads into the camps.

Protein deficiency becomes inevitable. Other factors are dysentery, worm infestations, measles, and chest and skin infections which interfere with the child’s appetite and cause loss of weight. Once the child has reached the crucial point of being 60% below his normal standrard of weight, there is very little hope of recovery by maternal care alone. wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL evsj‡`‡ki cwiw¯nwZ m¤ú‡K© wm‡bUi wm‡bUi Kvh©weeiYx| 1jv GwcÖj, 1971 †K‡bWx|

COMMENTS BY SENATOR KENNEDY ON SITUATION IN EAST PAKISTAN

(`wjjcÎt Î‡qv`k LÛ, c„t 281)

Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, reports from East Pakistan tell of a heavy toll being paid by the civilian population as a result of the current conflict. It is a story of indiscriminate killing, the execution of dissident political leaders and students, and thousands of civilians suffering and dying every hour of the day. It is a story of dislocation and loss of home. It is a story of little food and water. And coming in the aftermath of tragedy by natural disaster, the 190

current violence and near total disruption of government services in East Pakistan is compounding an already difficult situation. It threatens near famine for millions-and the spread of epidemics and disease. I do not speak today to blame or condemn, or to offer any magic solution for meeting the political and humanatarian problems in East Pakistan. But as chariman of the Judiciary Subcommittee on Refugees, I do wish to express a deep personal concern over the plight of the people in East Pakistan, which seems to be just another link in a chain of warravaged polutions stretching around the world in recent years. Inevitably, the situation of civilians in East Pakistan is taking second place to the political issues at stake-and to the interests of those who have much to lose, or to gain, by the outcome of the battle. But the people of Dacca, of Chittagong, and of the villages and towns throughout the area also have interests. For many, apparently it is mere survival. The situation in East Pakistan should be particularly distressing to Americans:; for it is our military hardware-our guns and tanks and aircraft-which is contributing much to the suffering. And this is being done, apparently in violation of negotiated agreements on the use of American military aid to the central Pakistan Government. Mr. President, I fully appreciate the immense difficulties in the East Pakistan issue. It is a complex matter for diplomats and humanatarians alike. But should not our Government condemn the killing ? Should we not be more concerned about the fate of millions of civilias who are caught in the crunch of this conflict ? Should we not offer our good services to stop the violence-or at least encourage and support others in such an effort ? It is to be hoped that our Government will give some evidence to reflect a growing concern among many American over recent developments in East Pakistan. wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL evsjv‡`k †_‡K Wt Rb B,†ivW wm‡b†Ui Kvh©weeiYx| 29 GwcÖj, 1971 KZ„©K wm‡b‡Ui DBwjqvg we, m¨v·ex‡K wjwLZ wPwV|

191

S 5810 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE April 29, 1971 RECENT EVENTS IN EAST PAKISTAN

`wjjcÎt Î‡qv`k LÛt c„t 293Ð295

Mr. SAXBE. Mr. President, I recently received a letter from a physician who worked in East Pakistan under USAID. He gives a good account of the recent events in East Pakistan. As you know, I objected last year to the sale of $ 15,000,000 worth of military equipment to Pakistan because I feared the tragic consequences of this action, I have just co-sponsored Senate Concurrent Resolution 21 which urges the suspension of our military assistance to Pakistan until the conflict is resolved. I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the RECORD the letter from Dr. John E. Rohde because I feel that Senators should the benefit of his insight. HUDSON, OHIO, April 17, 1971.

Hon. WILLIAM B. SAXBE. New Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C.

DEAR SENATOR SAXBE : Two days ago my wife and I were are evacuated from Dacca, East Pakistan where I have been posted for the past three years as a physician under USAID. I am certain that you are aware of the political events preceding the army crackdown on March 25th. As a result of complete censorship and the expulsion of journalists, banning of the major political party in Pakistan, and repressed information about the military campaign against the civilians of East Pakistan, it must have been difficult to obtain a clear picture of events since that date. From the outset of the army action, the American Consul General and his staff in Dacca, have continued to send detailed factual accounts enumerating first hand reports of the situation. These reports have been carefully collected and verified before transmission to the State Department. Publicly the State Department claims they do not have enough facts; but I have seen the factual reports sent daily from Dacca. The American Consul In Karachi stated to me that they only recently began to receive the accounts about the situation in 192

East Pakistan, when the Consulate in Dacca has been transmitting information from the very start of the action. Although Consul Blood’s reports contain a more detailed account of the current situation. I wish to bring to your attention the observations. I have made in the past weeks in Dacca. My wife and I watched from our roof the night of March 15th as tanks rolled out of the Cantonment illuminated by the flares and the red glow of fires as the city was shelled by artillery, and mortars were fired into crowded shums and bazars. After two days of loud explosions and the continual chatter of machine guns, we took advantage of a Break in the curfew to drive through the city. Driving past streams of refugees, we saw burned out shacks of families living by the railroad tracks coming from Gulshan to Mohakhali crossing. A Bengali friend living close by had watched the army set fire to the bovica, and as the families ran out, he saw them shot down “like dogs” He accepted our offer to take him and his family of twelve into our home. In the old city we walked thorugh the remains of Nayer Bazaar, where Moslem and Hindu wood cutters had worked, now only a tengle of iron, and sheet and smouldering ruins. The Hindu shopkeepers and craftsmen still alive in the bombed ruins of Shankari Bazar, begged me to help them only hours after the army had moved in with the intention to kill all inhabitants. One man had been shot in the abdomen and killed only one half-hour before we arrived. Others were lying in the streets rotting. The day before we were evacuated. I saw Moslem names in Urdu, on the remains of houses in Shankari Bazaar, previously a totally Hindu area. On the 29th we stood at Ramna Kali Bari, an ancient Hindu village of about two hundred fifty people in the Center of Dacca Ramna Race Course, and witnessed the stacks of machine-gunned, burning remains of men, women and children butchered in the early morning hours of March 29th I photographed the scene hours later. Sadarghat, Shakaripatti, Rayer Bazaar, Nayer Bazaar, Pailpara and Thatari Bazaar are a few of the places where the homes of the thousands are razed to the grounds. At the university area on the 29th, we walked through Jagannath Hall and Iqbal Hall, two of the student dormitories at 193

Dacca University shelled by army tanks. All inmates were slaughtered. We saw the breach in the wall where the tank broke through, the tank tracks and the mass grave in front of the hall. A man who was forced to drag the bodies outside, counted one hundred three of the Hindu students buried there. Outside were the massive holes in the walls of the dormitory, while inside were the smoking remains of the rooms and the heavily blood-stained floors. We also saw evidence of tank attack at Iqbal Hall where bodies were still unburied. The two ensuring weeks have documented the planned killing of much of the intellectual community, including the majority of professors of Dacca University. These include : Professor G.L. Dev, Head of the Philosophy Department; Professor Moniruzzaman, Head of the Department of Statistics; Professor Jotirmoy Guhathakurta, Head of the English Department; Dr. Naqvi and Dr. Ali, Head of the Department of History; Professor Innasali, Head of the Physics Department and Professor Dr. M.N. Huda, Head of the Economics Department, former Governor and Finance Minister were shot in their quarters, injured and left for dead. Many families of these professors were shot as well. Full documentation of the people is difficuli due to the army’s thorough search leaving Dacca. Complete censorship was facilitated when three prominent mass circulation dailies were burned: The People, The Ittefaq and the Sangbad. Military action continued after the attack of the first two days. We listened as the early morning of April first was wracked for two hours by artillery pounding Jinjira, a town across the Buriganga from Dacca, that had swollen in size with an estimated one hundred thousands civilians fleeing terrorized Dacca. Radio Pakistan continued to broadcast that life in Dacca had returned to normal but we witnessed a nearly a deserted city. In Gulshan, one of the suburban area of Dacca, where we lived, we witnessed the disarming of the East Pakistan Rifles, stationed in the Children’s Park across the street, the army looting the food supplies from the market nearby, and finaly the execution of several EPR as they were forced by Punjabi soldiers on to a truck to be “taken away”. The mass execution of several thousands of 194

Bengali Policemen and East Pakistan Rifles is already documented. We also witnessed from a neighbour’s house, army personnel fire three shots across Gulshan Lake at several little boys who were swimming. Nearly every night there was sporadic gun-fire near our home adding to the fear of twenty-six refugees staying with us. During the day Pakistan planes flew overhead to their bombing missions. It would be possible for me to choronicle many specific atrocities, but we have left close friends behind whose lives might be more endangered. It is clear that the law of the juggle prevails in East Pakistan where the mass killing of unarmed civilians, the systematic elimination of the intelligentisia, and the annihilation of the Hindu population is in progress. The reports of Consul Blood, available to you as a Congressmen, contains a more detailed and complete account of the situation. In additon, he has submitted concrete-proposals for constructive moves our government can make. While in no way suggesting that we interfere with Pakistan’s internal affairs he asserts, and we support him, that the United States must not continue to condone the military action with official silence. We also urge you to read the Dhaka official community’s open cable to the State Department. It is for unlimited distribution and states the facts about the situation in East Pakistan. By not making a statement, the State Department appears to support the clearly immoral action of the West Pakistan army, navy, and air force against the Bengal people. We were evacuated by Pakistan’s Commercial airlines. We were loaded on planes that had just disembarked full loads of Pakistani troops and military supplies. American AID dollars are providing support of military action. In Teheran, due to local support of Pakistan, I was unable to wire you the information I am writing. Fully recognizing the inability of our government to oppose actively or intervene in this desperate oppression of the Bengalies. I urge you to seek and support a condemnation by Congress and the 195

President of the United States of the in-human treatment being accorded the seventy-five million people of East Pakistan. No political consideration can outweigh the importance of a humanitarian stand, reiterating the American belief in the value of individual lives and a democratic process of government. The action of President Yahya banning the democratically elected majority party, who had ninety-eight percent of East Pakistan Wings electorate backing them, ought to arose a country which prides itself on the democratic process. We urge you to speak out actively against the tragic massacre of civilians in East Pakistan. Sincerely yours,

JON E. ROHDE, M.D.

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL cÖwZwbwa cwil‡` B, Mvjv‡Ni Gi Ks‡Mª‡m Kvh©weeiYx| 13 †g, 1971 e³„Zv I D×„wZ|

E. 4354 CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD-Extensions of Remarks May 13, 1971

VULTURES TOO FULL TO FLY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES May 12, 1971.

`wjjcÎt Î‡qv`k LÛ, c„t 305Ð306

Mr. Gallagher ...... to be called......

The phrase in the news dispatch about “vultures too full to fly” may be regarded as vulgar by many people unfamiliar with the history and the potential for tragedy in his region. However, it does graphically reflect the position of many who are intimately familiar with past events and with informed future predictions. ------

[From the Washington Evening Star, May 12, 1971] VULTURES TOO FULL TO FLY-EAST PAKISTANI CALAMITY DEFIES BELIFE

(By Mort Resenblum)

196

DACCA, EAST PAKISTAN.-Vultures too full to fly perch along the Ganges River in grim contenment. They have fed on perhaps more than a half million bodies since March. Civil war flamed through Pakistan’s eastern wing on March 25, pushing the bankrupt nation to the edge of ruin. The killing and devastation defy belief. From a well at Natore, fetid geses bubble up around bones and rotting flesh. A tiny child gazes at a break in the lavender carpet of water hyacinths in a nearby pond where his parents bodies were dumped.

TOLL COULD BE MILLION

No one knows how many Bengali families the army machine gunned of how many migrant settlers Bengali successionists slashed to death. But estimates of the total dead start at six figures and range to over a million. In the port city of Chittagong, a bloodsplattered dool lies in a heap of clothing and excrement in a jute mill recreatiion club where Bengalis butchered 180 women and children. Along the road to the mill, entire blocks of Bengali homes and shops were blasted and burned to the ground by the revenging Pakistani army. Reporters were banned from East Pakistan from March 26, when 40 newsmen were bundled out and stripped of their notes and film, until the government escorted in a party of six on a conducted tour may 6-11. From visible evidence and eye-witnesses questioned out of official earshot the following account emmerged : Throughout March, Sheikh Mujibur Raman’s Bengali dominated Awami League harassed the military government with a non-cooperation campaign demanding autonomy and more benefits from West Pakistan. Bengalis killed some West Pakistanis in flurries of chauvinism. Mujib’s party had won a majority in the National Assembly elections and he was Pakistan’s major political figure. But 197

negotiations in Dacca with President Agha Mohammed Yahaya Khan broke deau and Yahya flow back to West Pakistan March 25. That night the army roared out of its barracks, and East Pakistan was aflame. PROFESORS EXECUTED

Soldiers assaulted two dormitories at Dacca University where radical Bangali students made their headquarters. They used recoilless rifles, then automatic weapons and bayonets. They broke into selected professors’ and students’ quarters. They executed some 14 faculty members, at least one by mistake. Altogether, more than 200 students were killed. Army units shelled and set fire to two newspaper offices, then set upon the Bengali population in general. More than a dozen markets were set affire, and at least 25 blocks were devastated in Dacca. Hindu Bengali jewellery shops in the Shakari path quarter were blown apart. Two Hindu villages inside the Dacca race course were attacked with almost holy war fury by the Moslem troops. Accounts, projected from body counts at mass graves indicate above 10,000 persons were shot to death or burned to death the first few nights in Dacca. Official spokemen contended that the army went into action to stop a rebellion planned for 3 O’clock the next morning. They insisted that the army killed no one but those who fired at the soldiers. But other officers said the rebellion plot was only an assumption. Eye-witnesses said at least hundreds of the victims were women and thousands were unarmed civilians gunned down indiscriminatley. “I took firm action to prevent heavey casualties later,” said the martial law governor, Lt. Gen. Tikka Khan. Dacca was brought under army control quickly, but word of the army action flashed through the province of 58,000 square miles and 75 million inhabitants, one of the world’s most densely populated areas. 198

Thousands of Bengalis in the army, police, militia and border forces revolted. Under the banner of Bangladesh, the independent Bengali state, the deserters and armed volunteers fought back, seizing wide areas of the provinces before the 11,000 West Pakistani regulars could occupy them. Bengali civilians and “liberation troops” began a mass slaughter of Mohajirs-Indian migrants from the 1947 partition-and West Pakistanis. They raced through market places and settlements, stabbing, shooting and burning, sometimes stopping to rape and loot. The army shelled towns and fired at anything that moved. The army action was far more brutal than anything seen in the Nigerian civil war. Europeans likened the damage to that of the hardest hit the eaters of World War-II.

12| wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL cvwK¯—v‡b fq¼i ‡Ljv| wbD BqK© UvBgm| 4 GwcÖj, 1971

NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, APRIL 4, 1971 PAKISTAN: ‘ALL PART OF A GAMEÕ-A GRIM AND DEADLY ONE

`wjjcÎt PZy`©k LÛ, c„t 23Ð24

New Delhi- “ All it’s necessary, absolutely necessary,” a West Pakistani stewardess lectured some expelled foreign newsmen about the Pakistani Army’s offensive to crush the independence movement in East Pakistan. “If this happened in your country, you’d do the same thing. It’s all part of the game.” A game ? To foreign newsmen in Dacca, it looked like a

surprise attack with tanks, artillery and heavy machine guns

against a virtually unarmed population-a population using tactics of

nonviolence, mostly strikes and other forms of noncooperation, to

claim the political majority it had won in last December’s elections.

And by this weekend enough credible reports of indiscriminate

killings had filtered out to leave little doubt, even in the minds of 199

many dispassionate Indian officials and Western diplomats, that the

Army of West Pakistan was under few restraints in putting down

East Pakistani thoughts of autonomy.

The attack began on the night of March 25, after 10 days of political negotiations in which the army and the rest of the West Pakistani power establishment had lulled the East Pakistani nationalist into thinking their demands for greater self-rule would be granted. It is clear now that the West Pakistanis never meant the talks to succeed, that they dragged them out only to buy time to get enough troop reinforcements over from West Pakistan to launch the attack. But while the talks went on, nearly every observer, from newsmen to diplomats, resisted the ugly though that this might be true. The signs were all three-troops coming in by air and sea, the dismisal of a martial-law administrator who was too lenient and the uncharacteristic silence of the army while the East Pakistanis boycotted the military regime and followed instead the directives of their leader, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The newsmen reported these signs but when talk of “some progress” came out of the negotiations, they grasped upon that, because it was what should happen. They were wrong. Instead, the military mind prevailed. But in turning to force, the West Pakistani leaders apparently misjudged both its limitations and the depth of feeling of 75 million East Pakistanis. “They thought that a few bullets would scare the people off,” said Ranjit Gupta, the police commissioner in Calcutta, just across the border in India. “It is silly-it shows you how little the West Pakistanis know about East Pakistanies.” Instead of the first shooting spree terrorizing the population into submission, it now seems apparent that while the army may be able initially to establish a hold on the cities and major towns, it will face widespread guerrilla activity in the primitive reverine countryside. This could so undermine the supplylines and mobility 200

at the West Pakistani troops that the independence movement would succeed. In India, many sympathizers with the East Pakistani cause were quick to compare West Pakistani’s military actions in East Pakistan with those of Hitler. “Pak Army’s Inhuman Torture,” was the headline in one Calcutta Newspaper. “Butchery ,” said another adding; “The vandalism unleashed by the occupying Pakistani army in Bangladesh (Bengal Nation) is darker than even the darkest chapter of Nazi terror.” The Indian Parliament has called it “a massacre of defenseless people which amounts to genocide.” Governments Silent

Most of the other governments of the world have rremained silent. “Why doesn’t your country condemn this outrage ?” One Official in Calcutta asked an American. “This is no tidal wave, this is no act of nature-it is people slaughtering people.” The Bengalis, as the people of East Pakistan are called, have stepped across a crucial line- a line that separated grumbling about their exploration to fighting against the exploiters. The line may have been crossed on March 25, the night of the attack. Or perhaps it was crossed earlier, on March 1, when President Yahya Khan, Army Commander-in-Chief, postponed a session of the National Assembly that was to have convened two days later to begin drafting a Constitution returning the nation to civilian rule. That Assembly, elected in December, was dominated by Sheikh Mujib’s Awami League party, which wanted a large measure of provincial autonomy-leaving the Central Government with power only over defense and foreign trade and foreign aid. These terms were anathema to the West Pakistani power establishment –the army, the big-business interests and the politicians. In the political negotiations over the crisis, they started off by making conciliatory sounds and then brought in the monkey wrench, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the dominant political leader of West Pakistan. When he objected that the Awami League wanted too much autonomy-“ bordering on sovereignty”- the talks began to stall. Then, suddenly, came the army attack. 201

The morning after the attack, Mr. Bhutto and his aides, under heavy military protection, were flown back to friendly terriroty in West Pakistan, where the political leader promptly announced. “Pakistan has been saved by the grace of the Almighty.” But it will take more than religious orotory to save Pakistan as a united Moslem country. Religion was the social glue that was supposed to have held the two wings together, but it was never enough. It may take a long time, but none of the witnesses to the recent-surge of Bengali nationalism and to the barbarism of the army attack doubts that it will happen. In the meantime, as Sheikh Mujib was fond of chanting with the adoring crowds that thronged to his now razed house : “Sangram, Sangram. Cholbey, Cholbey.” “The fight will go on. The fight will go on.” -Sydney H. Schanberg.

13| wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL cvwK¯—vbxiv †deªyqvwi ‡`i wbwðý ewë‡gvi mvb 4 GwcÖj, 1971 K‡i‡Q|

THE SUN, BALTIMORE, SUNDAY, APRIL 4, 1971 PAKISTAN IS EXTERMINATING THE BENGALIS By John E. Woodruff Í `wjjcÎ PZy`©k LÛ, c„t 25Ð26

Less than four months ago, the West Pakistan Army said it could not send soldiers and helicopters to East Bengal to save survivors of the cyclone that took hundreds of thousands of lives in the mouth of the Ganges. If troops and helicopters were moved from West Pakistan, India might attack, the Army said. By the time the Army Statement was issued, India was increasing its offers of relief aid for the cyclone victims. Today, that same West Pakistan Army shows every sign of being prepared to send its last soldier to more populous East Bengal, if necessary, in an all-out effort to shoot to death the results of last December’s elections. No room remains for doubt as to the Punjabi-dominated Army’s determination to go the whole distance. 202

For the only justification that could ever emerge for the grisly scenes of a week ago Thursday and Friday would be a total victory of bullets over the nonviolent attempts of the Bengalis to put in power the men they had elected in polling sanctioned by the Army. Newsmen Toured Carnage

Correspondents interned last week at the plush Dacca International Hotel could see only fragments of what was talking place outside-a few soldiers shooting into civillian buildings, a machine-gun opening up on a dozen emptyhanded youths, the Army setting fire to civilian business places. But two European newsmen evaded the Army and stayed behind a few extra days and they managed to tour some of the carnage before they were found out and expelled. Their reports have confirmed the worst fears of those who were only able to surmise the meaning of cannon reports and prolonged bursts of machine-gun and automatic-rifle fire coming from the new campus of Dacca University, where two burning buildings lighted the sky for hours with their flames. Slum Residents Killed

Hundreds of studetns were burned up in their beds and hundreds more were buried in a mass grave, according to reports filed by the two newsmen who said they toured the scene. They also confirmed previous reliable diplomatic reports that large stretches of bamboo slums were surrounded and set a fire, their residents shot when they tried to flee. The only bond between West Pakistan and East Bengal-other than the West Pakistan Army itself-is the Muslim faith, for which the divided country was created as a haven agaist Hindu-Muslim religious murders when India was partitioned. Even today, the Army exercises its authority in the name of “the Islamic state of Pakistan.” Yet burning a human being, alive or dead is unequivocally forbidden by the Mohammedan faith. It is also a favourite crime charged to Hindus by West Pakistani Muslims. Such attacks upon fellow Muslims in the name of an Islamic state can be vindicated, even in the eyes of other Mohammedan countries from which West Pakistan is apparently already seeking 203

aid, only by a total military victory. And any military victory will require growing, not diminishing, bloodshed as the Bengalis-unified to a man for the first time in decades-struggle to resist. Clues as to how cooly the West Pakistanis had calculated their plan to shoot and burn the Bengalis into submission are provided by the personal actions of some West Pakistani politicians at the Hotel Intercontinental on the night the holocaust started.

75| wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL GKwU RvwZ‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡”Q| wbDRDBK 2 AvM÷, 1971

`wjjcÎ t PZy`©k LÛ, c„t 166 NEWSWEEK, AUGUST 2, 1971

BENGAL: THE MURDER OF A PEOPLE It seemed a routine enough request. Assembling the young men of the village of Haluaghat in East Pakistan, a Pakistan Army major informed them that his wounded soldiers urgently needed blood. Would they be donors? The young men lay down on makeshift cots, needles were inserted inthier veins-and then slowly the blood was drained from their bodies until they died. Govinda Chandra Mandal forgets who told him first, but when he heard that an amenesty had been pledged to all refugees, he immediately set off on the long walk home. With his two teenage daughters by his side, Chandra Mandal trudged though monsoon- drenched swamp lands and past burned-out villages. When he neared his scrap of land, soldiers stopped him. As he watched in helpless anguish, his daughters were raped-again and again. He was about 2 years old, and mother was still in her teens. They sat on ground made muddy by the steady drizzle of the summer rains. The baby’s stomach was grotes quenly distended, his feet swollen, his arm no thicker than a man’s finger. His mother tried to coax him to eat some rice and dried fish. Finally, the baby mouthed the food feebly, wheezed and died.

Plans for Slaughter

Within hours of Yahya’s decree, Mujib proclaimed a general strike in East Pakistan. To this day, Pakistani officials maintain that 204

Yahya personally appealed to Mujib for a compromise that would heal the nation’s wounds. But most observers believe that Yahya had other plans all the while. Weeks before the Yahya-Mujib meeting actually took place, the President and his right-hand man, Lt. Gen. Tikka Khan, were already mapping out plans for Mujib’s arrest, the dissolution of the Awami League and the slaughter of nationalists. Known as “the bomber of Baluchistan” for his indiscriminate use of air and artillery strikes in crushing a local tribal revolt ain 1965, Tikka Khan, apparently persuaded Yahya to buy time for the army to build up its strength in Bengal. Accordingly, Yahya made his bid for discussions with Mujib. And while the two leaders talked- and Bengalis as well as the world at large looked for a compromise that might save Pakistan -the army pulled off a logistics coup. Flying the long over-water route around southern India with Boeing 707s commandered from Pakistan International Airlines, the army doubled its troops strength in Bengal to 60,000 men. When Tikka gave the word that all was ready, Yahya flew out of Dacca. And that very night, the bomber of Baluchistan unleased his troops. Under instructioins to strike brutally on the theory that a savages surprise attack would snuff out resistance quickly, the army obeyed its orders with a vengeance. Tanks crashed through the streets of East Pakistan’s capital of Dacca, blasting indiscriminately at men and buildings. With cold ferocity, Punjabi soldiers machine- gunned clusters of citizens, while others set fire to slum ‘busthes’ throughout the city. Soon, the city was littered with bodies and the campus of Dacca University-a hot-bed of secessionism-was a bloody a shambles. Throughout that blood-drenched night and in the days and weeks that followed, the carnage continued. And the massacres were not limited to Dacca but were carried on throughout the country-side as well. After a desperate visit to his native village on the Indian border, a sobbing Bengali journalist told how the land had been devastated : “I passed through a dozen villages which had been burned and deserted, with bodies every where being eaten by crows. The smell ! The horror ! I kept praying it would not be like 205

that at my village. But it was. The village was just a mass of charred rubble and corpses. My wife and child were missing. There was just one old lady alive and she could no longer talk. She just sat on the ground, shaking and moaning. With the passing of time, the magnitude of the slaughter has diminished, but there has been no lessening in the brutality of the Pakistani army. Last week, Newsweek’s Loren Jenkins, who was in Dacca the night that Gen. Tikka Khan’s troops launched their campaign of murder, cabled the following report on conditions in East Pakistan now: Four months after the first flush of bloodletting, East Pakistan still lives in fear. But instead of being the cowering, grovelling fear that the army sought to instill, it is a sullen fear tinged with quiet defiance and hate. It is a fear based on the apppreciation of a very harsh reality, not a fear that marks people of broken spirit. Walking along a Dacca street recently, I met a journalist I had known before. Our eyes met and he nodded, but he appeared embarrassed. Glancing nervously all around, he muttered, “My God, my God, civilized man cannot describe the horror that has been done.” An hour later another friend explained : “We have been ordered not to talk to foreign journalists. We are scared. We live in terror of the mid-night knock on the door. So many people have been killed. So many more have disappeared. And more vanish every night.” One who vanished in the night was Mujib, who is now reportedly held in prison in the western garrison town of Mianwali. A hero before, Mujib has now become a martyr. For all his conspicious faults, he has become the symbol of Bengali patriotism. Yet Yahya, almost boastfully, told a recent visitor, “My generals are pushing for a military trial for Mujib and for his execution. I have agreed and the trial will be held soon.” No policy could be more short-sighted or more likely to harden Bengali resistance. As one western diplomat told me, “Yahya is simply out of his mind. He still does not even understand what his army had done. He thinks they can kill of a couple of hundred thousand people, try Mujib for treason, force a return to order and all will be forgotten. This is utter nonsense. These people will not forget.” 206

Guerrilla Resistance

Indeed, the minds of Bengalis are emblazoned with the memories of these months of terror. Despite the terror, signs of resistance to the army creep up everywhere. In Dacca, street urchins hawking the local papers slip mimeographed communiques from the Government-in-exile into the newspapers. On ferry boats in the countryside, where all passangers are under the watchful eyes of the army, strangers slide up and whisper of massacres or point out areas in the dense Madhupur Jungle where the “Mukti Bahini” or Liberation Army, is hiding. All over the country, the reistance is rapidly taking on the earmarks of a classic guerrilla war. And East Pakistan is ideal guerrilla terrain reminiscent of South Vietnam’s Mekong Delta- a labyrinth of sunken paddies, jute fields and banana groves. That the Mukti Bahini are capitalizing on their few assets is brought home daily. They have cut the key railroad to Dacca from the port of Chittagong and have also severed the paralled road. More than 60 percent of the interior food supplies move over those routes and there is virtually no prospect of restoring them until peace is also restored. The rebel’s recent coup in blowing up three power stations in Dacca has under-scored the point that no city or village is safe from their campaign to bring the economy to a halt. Most important, however, is the fact that the rebels now seem to be winning what every guerrilla needs-the support of the populace. Two months ago, villagers in Noakhali province pleaded with the Mukti Bahini not blow up a bridge because it would bring army retaliation. Last week, those same villagers sought the guerrillas and asked them to destory the bridge. To be sure, the guerrillas are no match for the federal army. While they have rallied some 20,000 Bengali fighters to their cause (and expect another 10,000 recruits to join them next month after clandestine training in India), the inadequately armed rebels still face 60,000 will-equipped professional soldiers. And despite its covert aid, India has cautiously hesitated to recognise the Bangladesh government-in-exile. One reason for this restrint is the genuine and costly problem the New Delhi governemnt faces in 207

caring for the 6 million Bengali refugees now in India. NEWSWEEK’S Tony Clifton who has reported the anguish of the refugees since the beginning of Pakistan’s civil war, filed this report last week from Calcutta : ...... “But in the end, the greatest threat to Pakistan is the flaring hattred that Yahya’s army has spawned. “Pakistan died in March” says a Karachi editor. “The only way this land can be held together is by the bayonet and the torch. But that is not unity, that is slavery. There can never be one nation in the furture, only two enemies.”

m~Î ZvwiL wk‡ivbvg 155| MYnZ¨v mvb‡W UvBgm 13 Ryb, 1971

`wjjcÎt PZy`©k LÛ, c„t 365 THE SUNDAY TIMES, JUNE 13, 1971 GENOCIDE By Anthony Mascarenhas [ A Sunday Times reporter comes out of Pakistan with the horrifying story of why five million have fled.] West Pakistan’s Army has been systematically massacring thousands of civilians in East Pakistan since the end of March. This is the horrifying reality behind the news blackout imposed by President Yahya Khan’s government since the end of March. This is the reason why more than five million refugees have streamed out of East Pakistan into India, risking cholera and famine. The curtain of silence is broken today for the first time by Anthony Mascarenhas, the Sunday Times correspondent in Pakistan. He has seen what the Pakistan army has been doing. He has left Paksitan to tell the world. The army has not merely been killing supporters of the idea of Bangladesh, an independent East Bengal. It has deliberately been massacring others. Hindus and Bengali Muslims. Hindus have been shot and beaten to death with elubs simply because they are Hindus. Villages have been burned. 208

Sporadic and unconfirmed reports of atrocities by the Pakistan army have been reaching the outside world for some time, notably from refugees, missionaries and diplomats. The report by Anthony Mascarenhas is a detailed eye-witness account of unique precision and authority. He supplies themissing centre-piece of the tragedy of Bengal: why the refugees have fled. There is a remarkable story behind Anthony Macarenhas’s report. When, at the end of March. the Pakistan army flew two divisions into East Pakistan to “sort out” the Bengali rebels, it moved in secret. But about two weeks later the Pakistan government invited eight Pakistani journalists to fly to East Bengal. The idea-as government officials left the journalists in no doubt-was to give the people of West Pakistan a reassuring picture of the “return to normalcy” in the eastern half of the country. Seven of the journalists have done as they were intended. But one was Mascarenhas, who is assistant editor of the Morning News in Karachi, and was also the Sunday Times Pakistan correspondent. On Tuesday, May 18, he arrived, unexpectedly, in The Sunday Times office in London. There was, he told us, a story he wanted to write: the true story of what had happened in East Bengal to drive five million people to flight. He made it plain that he understood that if he wrote his story there could be no going back to Karachi for him. He said he had made up his mind to leave Pakistan: to give up his house, most of his possessions and his job as one of the most respected journalists in the coutry. There was only one condition we must not publish his story until he had gone back into Pakistan and brought out his wife and five children. The Sunday Times agreed, and Mascarenhas went back to Karachi. After a wait of ten days an overseas cable arrived at the private address of a Sunday Times executive. “ Export formalities completed,” it read, “ Shipment begins Monday.”

Mascarenhas had succeeded in getting permission for his wife and family to leave the country. He himself had been forbidden to leave. He found a way of leaving anyway. 209

On the last leg of his journey inside Pakistan, he found himself sitting in a plane across the aisle from a senior Ministry of Information official whom he knew well. A phone call from the airport could have led to his arrest. There was no phone call, however, and last Tuesday he arrived back in London. Mascarenhas writes about what he saw in East Pakistan with special authority and objectivity. As a Goan Chiristian by descent, he is neither a Hindu nor a Muslim. Having lived most of his life in what is now Pakistan, having held a Pakistani passport since the State was created in 1947, and having enjoyed the confidence of many of the leaders of Pakistan since that time, he wrote his report with real personal regret. “We were told by the Ministry of Information officials to show in a patriotic way the great job the army was doing,” he told us. There was no question of his reporting what he saw for his own paper. He was allowed to file a story, which was published in The Sunday Times on May 2, wihich reported only the events of March, 25/26, when the Bengali troops mutinied and atrocities were committed against non-Bengalis. Even references to the danger of famine were deleted by the censor. That increased his crisis of conscience. After some days’ hesitation, he decided, in his own words, that “either I would write the full story of what I had seen, or I would have to stop writting : I would never again be able to write with any integrity.” And so he got on a plane and came to London. We have been able to check his story in great detail with other refugees in a position to have had a wide knowledge of events in East Bengal as a whole, and with objective diplomatic sources.

GENOCIDE : FULL REPORT Abdul Bari had run out of luck. Like thousands of other people in East Bengal, he had made the miatake-the fatal mistake-of running within sight of a Pakistan army patrol. He was 24 years old, a slight man surrounded by soldiers. He was trembling, because he was about to be shot. 210

“Normally we would have killed him as he ran,” I was informed chattily by Major Rathore, the G-2 Ops. of the 9th Division, as we stood on the outskirts of a tiny village near Mudafarganj, about 20 miles south of Comilla. “But we are checking him out for your sake. You are new here and I see you have a squeamish stomach.” “Why kill him ?” I asked with mounting concern. “Because he might be a Hindu or he might be a rebel, perhaps a student or an Awami Leaguer. They know we are sorting them out and they betray themselsves by running.” “But why are you killing them ? And why pick on the Hindus ?” I persisted. “Must I remind you.” Rathore said severely, “how they have tried to destory Pakistan ? Now under the cover of the fighting we have an excellent opportunity of finishing them off.” “Of course,” he added hastily, “We are only killing the Hindu men. We are soldiers, not cowards like the revels. They kill our women and children.” I was getting my first glimpse of the stain of blood which has spread over the otherwise verdant land of East Bengal. First it was the massacre of the non-Bengalis in a savage outburst of Bengali hatred. Now it was massacre, deliverately carried out by the West Pakistan army. The pogrom’s victims are not only the Hindus of East Bengal- who constitute about 10 per cent of the 75 million population-but also many thousands of Bengali Muslims. These include university and college students, teachers, Awami League and Left Wing political cadres and every one the army can catch of the 176,000 Bengali military men and police who mutined on March 26 in a spectacular, though untimely and ill-started bid to create in an independent Republic of Bangaldesh. What I saw and heard with unbelieving eyes and ears during my 10 days in East Bengal in late April made it terribly clear that the killings are not the isolated acts of military commanders in the field. 211

......

Reacting to the almost successful breakaway of the province, which has more than half the contry’s population, General Yahya Khan’s military government is pushing through its own “final soluation” of the East Bengal problem. “We are determined to cleanse East Pakistan once and for all of the threat of secession, even if it means killing off two million people and rulling the province as a colony for 30 years,” I was repeatedly told by senior military and civil officers in Dacca and Comilla. The West Pakistan army in East Bengal is doing exactly that with a terrifying thoroughness......

For six days as I travelled with the officers of the 9th Division headquarters at Comilla I witnessed at close quarters the extent of the killing. I saw Hindus, hunted from village to village and door to door, shot off hand after a cursory “short-arm inspection” showed they were uncircumcised. I have heard the screams of men bludgeoned to death in the compound of Circuit House (civil administrative headquarters) in Comilla, I have seen truckloads of other humand targets and those who had the humanity to try to help them hauled off “off disposal” under the cover of darkness and curfuew. I have witnessed the brutality of “kill and burn missions” as they army units, after clearing out the rebels, pursued the pogrom in the towns and the villages. I have seen whole villages devastated by “punitive action.” And in the officers, mess at night I have listened incredulously as otherwise brave and honourable men proudly chewed over the day’s kill. “How many did you get ?” The answers are seared in my memory. All this is being done, as any West Pakistani officer will tell you, for the “preservation of the unity, the integrity and the ideology 212

of Pakistan.” It is, of course, too late for that. The very military action that is designed to hold togather the two wings of the country, separated by a thousand miles of India, has confirmed the ideological and emotional break. East Bengal can only be kept in Pakistan by the heary had of the army. And the army is dominated by the Punjabis, who traditionally despise and dislike the Bengalis. The break is so complete today that few Bengalis will willingly be seen in the company of a West Pakistani. I have a distressing experience of this kind during my visit to Dacca when I went to visit and old friend. “I’m sorry’ he told me as he turned away, “things have changed. The Pakistan that you and I knew has ceased to exist. Let us put it behind us.” Hours later a Punjabi army officer, talking about the massacre of the non-Bengalis before the army moved in, told me : “They have treated us more brutally than the sikhs did in the partition riots in 1947. How can we ever forgive or forget this?” The bone-crushing military operation has two distinctive features. One is what the authorities like to call “cleansing process.” : a euphemism for massacre. The other is the “rehabilitation effort.” This is a way of describing the moves to turn East Bengal into a docile colony of West Pakistan. These commonly used expressions and the repeated official references to “miscreants” and “infiltrators” are part of the charade which is being enacted for the benefit of the world. Strip away the propaganda, and the rality is colonisation- and killing. The justificaton for the annihilation of the Hindus was parapharased by Lt.-Gen. Tikka Khan, the military governor of East Pakistan, in a radio broadcast I heard on April 18. He said : “The Muslims of East Pakistan, who had played a leading part in the creation of Pakistan, are determined to keep it alive. However, the voice of the vast majority had been suppressed through coereion, threats to life and property by a vocal, violent and agressive minority, which forced the Awami League to adopt the destructive coruse.” Others, speaking privately, were more blund in seeking justification. 213

“The Hindus had completely undermined the Muslim masses with their money,” Col. Naim, of 9th Division headquarters, told me in the officers mess at Comilla. They bled the province white. Money, food and produce flowed across the borders to India. In some cases they made up more than half the teaching staff in the colleges and schools and sent their own children to be educated in Calcutta. It had reached the point where Bengali culture was in fact Hindu culutre and East Pakistan was virtually under the control of the Marwari businessmen in Calcutta. We have to sort them out to restore the land of the people and the people to their faith.” Or take Major Bashir. He came up from the ranks. He is SSO of the 9th Division at Comilla and he boasts of a personal bodycount of 28. He had his own reasons for what has happened. This is a war between the pure and the impure, he informed me over a cup of green tea. “The people here may have Muslim names and call themselves Muslims. But they are Hindus at heart. You won’t believe that the Maulvi (mulla) of the Cantonment mosque here issued a fatwa (edict) duirng Friday prayers that the people would attain jannat (paradise) if they killed West Pakistanis. We sorted the bastard out and we are now sorting out the others. Those who are left will be real Muslims. We will even teach them Urdu.” Everywhere I found officers and men fashioning imaginative garments of justification from the fabric of their own prejudices. Scapegoats had to be found to legitimises, even for their own consciences, the dreadful ‘solution’ to what in essence was a political problem : the Bengalis won the election and wanted to rule. The Punjabis whose ambitions and interests have dominated government policies since the founding of Pakistan in 1947, would brook no erosion of their power. The army backed them up. Officials privately justify what has been done as a retaliation for the massacre of non-Bengalis before the army moved in. But events suggest that the pogrom was not the result of a spontaneous or undisciplined reaction. It was planned. It seems clear that the “sorting out” began to be planned about the time that Lt.-Gen. Thika Khan took over the governorship of East Bengal, from the gentle, self-effacing Admiral Ahsan, and the 214

military command there, from the scholarly Lt.-Gen. Sahibzada Khan. That was at the begining of March, when Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s civil disobedence movement was gathering momentum after the postponement of the assembly meeting from which the Bengalis hoped for so much. President Yahya Khan, it is said acquiesced in the tied of resentment caused in the top echlons of the military establishment by the increasing humilation of the West Pakistani troops stationed in East Bengal. The Punjabi Eastern Command at Dacca continues to dominate the polices of the Central Government. (It is perhaps worth pointing out that the Khans are not related : Khan is a common surname in Pakistan.) When the army units fanned out in Dacca on the evening of March 25, in pre-emptive strikes agaisnt the mutiny planned for the small hours of the next morning, many of them carried lists of people to be liquidated. These included the Hindus and large numbers of Muslims; students, Awami Leaguers, professors, journalists and those who had been prominent in Sheikh Mujib’s movement. The charge, now publicly made, that the army was subjected to mortar attack from the Jagannath Hall, where the Hindu University students lieved, hardly justifies the obliteration of two Hindu colonies, built around the temples on Ramna racecourse, and a third in Shankharipatti, in the heart of the old city. Nor does it explain why the sixeable Hindu populations of Dacca and the neighboruing industrial town of Narayanganj should have vanished so completely during the round-the-clock curfew on March 26 and 27. There is similarly no trace of scores of Muslims who were rounded up during the curfew hours. These people were eliminated in a planned operation : and improvised response to Hindu aggression would have had vastly different results. A pencil flick, a man ‘disposed’

Touring Dacca on April 15 I found the heads of four students lying rotting on the roof of the Iqbal Hall hostel. The caretaker said they had been killed on the night of March, 25.I also found heavey traces of blood on the two staircases and in four of the rooms. Behind Iqbal Hall a large residential building seemed to have been singled out for special attention by the army. The walls were pitted 215

with bullet holes and a foul smell still lingered on the staircase, although it had been heavily powdered with DDT. Neighbours said the bodies of 23 women and children had been carted away only hours before. They had been decomposing on the roof since March 25. It was only after much questioning that I was able to ascertain that the victims belonged to the near-by Hindu shanties. They had sought shelter in the building as the army closed in. This is Genocide conducted with amazing casualness. Sitting in the office of Major Agha, Martial Law Administrator of Comilla City, on the morning of the April 19, I saw the offhand manner in which sentences were meted out. A Bihari sub-inspector of police had walked in with a list of prisoners being held in the police lock- up. Agha looked it over. Then, with a flick of his pencil, he casually ticked off four names on the list. “Bring these four to me this evening for disposal,” he said. He look at the list again. The pencil flicked once more. “....and bring this thief along with them.” The death sentence had been pronounced over a glass of coconut milk. I was informed that two of the prisoners were Hindus, the third a ‘student,’ and the fourth an Awami league organiser. The ‘thief’, it transpired, was a lad named Sebastain who had been caught moving the household effects of a Hindu friend to his own house. Later that evening I saw these men, their hands and legs tied loosely with a singel rope, being led down the road to the Circuit House compound. A little after curfew, which was at 6 o’clock, a flock of squawking mynah birds were disturbed in thier play by the thwacking sound of wooden clubs meeting bone and flesh. Captain Azmat of the Baluch Regiment had two claims to fame accoridng to the mess banter. One was his job as ADC to Major-Gen. Shaukat Raza, commanding officer of the 9th Division. The other was thrust on him by his colleagues’ ragging. Azmat, it transpired, was the only officer in the group who had not made a “kill.” Major Bashir needled him mercilessly. 216

“Come on Azmat,” Bashir told him one night, “we are going to make a man of you. Tomorrow we will see how you can make them run. It’s so easy.” To underscore the point Bashir went into one of his long spiels. Apart from his duties as SSO, Bashir was also “education officer” at Headquarters. He was the only Punjabi officer I found who could speak Bengali fluently. By general agreement Bashir was also a selftaught bore who gloried in the sound of his own voice. A dhari walla (bearded man), we were told, had come to see Bashir that morning to inquire about his brother, a prominent Awami League organiser of Comilla who had been netted by the army some days earlier. Dhor gaya, Bashir said he told him : “he has run away.” The old man couldn’t comprehend how his brother could have escaped on a broken leg. Neither could I. So Major Bashir, with a broad wink, enlightened me. The record would show Dhor gaya : “shot while escaping.” I Never did find out whether Captain Azmat got his kill. The rebel Bengali forces who had dug in at Feni, seventy miles north of Chittagong on the highway to Comilla, had tied down the 9th Division by destroying all the bridges and culverts in the area. General Raza was getting hell from Eastern Command at Dacca which was anxious to have the south-eastern border sealed against escaping rebels. It was also desperately urgent to open this only land route to the north to much-needed supplies that had been piling up in the port at Chittagong. So General Razza was understandably waspish. He flew over the area almost daily. He also spent hours haranguing the bridge that was bogged down at Feni. Captain Azmat, as usual, was the General’s shadow. I did not see him again. But if experience is any pointer, Azmat, probably had to sweat out his “kill”-and the ragging- for another three weeks. It was only on May 8 that the 9th Division was able to clear Feni and the surrounding area. By then the Bengali rebels, forced out by relentless bombing and artillery barrages, had escaped with their weapons across the neighbouring broder into India. 217

The escpae of such large numbers of armed, hard-core regulars among the Bengali rebels was a matter of grave concern to Lt.Gen. Aslam Baig, G-1at 9th Divison headquarters. “The Indians,” he explained will obviously not allow them to settle there. It would be too dangerous. So they will be allowed in on sufferance as long as they keep making sorties across the border. Unless we can kill them off, we are going of have serious trouble for a long time. Lt.-Col. Baig was a popular artillery officer who had done a stint in China after the India-Pakistan war when units of the Pakistan army were converting to Chinese equipment. He was said to be a proud family man. He also loved flowers. He told me with unconcealed pride that during a previous posting at Comilla he had brought from China the giant scarlet waterlilies that adorn the pond opposite headquarters. Major Bashir adorded him. Extolling one officer’s decisiveness, Bashir told me that once they had caught a rebel officer; there was a big fuss about what should be done with him. “While the others were telephoning all over for instrucitons,” he said, “he solved the problem. Dhor gaya. Only the man’s foot was left sticking out of the ditch. It is hard to imagine so much brutality in the midst of so much beauty. Comilla was blooming when I went there towards the end of April. The rich green carpet of rice paddies spreading to the horizon on both sides of the road was borken here and there by bright splashes of red. That was the Gol Mohor, aptly dubbed the “Flame of the Forest,” coming to full bloom. Mango and coconut trees in the villages dotting the countryside were heavy with fruit. Even the terrier-sized goats skipping across the road gave evidence of the abundance of nature in Bengal. “The only way you can tell the male from the female,” they told me, “is that all the she-goats are pregnant.” Fire and murder their vengeance

In one of the most crowded areas of the entire world-Comilla district has a population density of 1,900 to the square mile-only man was nowhere to be seen. “Where are the Bengalis ?” I had asked my escorts in the strangely empty streets of Dacca a few days earlier. “They have gone 218

to the villages, was the stock reply. Now, in the countryside, there still no Bengalis. Comilla town, like Dacca, was heavily shuttered. And in ten miles on the road to Laksham, past silent villages, the peasants I saw could have been counted on the fingers of both hands. There were, of course, soldiers-hundreds of unsmilling men in khaki each with an automatic rifle. According to orders, the rifles never left their hands. The roads are constantly patrolled by tough, trigger-happy men. Wherever the army is, you won’t find Bengalis. Martial law orders, constantly repeated on the radio and in the Press, proclaim the death penalty for anyone caught in the act of sabotage. If a road is obstrcuted or a bridge damaged or destroyed, all hourses within 100 yards of the spot are liable to be demolished and their inhabitants rounded up. The practice is even more terrible than anything the words could suggest. “Punitive action” is something that the Bengalis have come to dread. We saw what this meant when we were approaching Hajiganj, which straddles the road to Chandpur, on the morning of April,17. A few miles before Hajiganj, a 15-foot bridge had been damaged the previous night by rebels who were still active in the area. According to Major Rathore (G-2 Ops.) an army unit had immediately been sent out to take punitive aciton. Long spirals of smoke could be seen on all sides up to a distance of a quarter of a mile from the damaged bridge. And as we carefull drove over a bed of wooden boards, with which it had been hastily reparired, we could see house in the village on the right beginning to catch fire. At the back of the village some jawans were spreading the flames with dried coconut fronds. They make excellent kindling and are normally used for cooking. We could also see a body sprawled bweteen the coconut trees at the entrance to the village. On the other side of the road another village in the rice paddies showed evidence of the fire that had gutted more than a dozen bamboo and mat huts. Hundreds of villagers had escaped before the army came. Others, like the man among the coconut trees, were slow to get away. 219

As we drove on, Major Rathore said. “They broguht it on themselves.” I said it was surely too terrible a vengeance on innocent people for the acts of a handful of rebels. He did not answer. A few hours later when we were again passing through Hajiganj on the way back from Chandpur, I had my first exposure to the savagery of a “kill and burn mission.” We were still caught up in the aftermath of a tropitcal storm which had hit the area that afternoon. A heavy overcast made ghostly shadows on the mosque towering above the town. Light dirzzle was beginning to wet the uniforms of Captain Azhar and the four jawans riding in the exposed escort jeep behind us. We turned a corner and found a convoy of trucks parked outside the moaque. I counted seven, all filled with jawans in battledress. At the head of the column was a jeep. Across the road two men, supervised by a third, were trying to a batter down the door of one of more than a hundred shuttered shops lining the road. The studded teak wood door was beginning to give under the combined assault of two axes as Major Rathore brought the Toyota to a halt. “What the hell are you doing ?”

The tallest of the trio, who was supervising the break in, turned and peered at us. “Mota,” (Fatty) he shouted, “what the hell do you think we are doing ?” Recognishing the voice, Rathore grew a water-melon smile. It was, he informed me, his old friend “Ifty-Major Iftikhar of the 12th Frontier Force Refiles. Rathore : “I thought someone was looting” Iftikhar : “Looting ? No. We are on kill and burn.” Waving his hand to take in the shops, he said he was going to destory the lot. Rathore : “How may did you get?” Iftikhar : smiled bashfully. Rathore : “Come on. How many did you get ?” Iftikhar : “Only twelve. And by God we were lucky to get them. 220

We would have lost those, too, if I hand’t sent my men from the back.” Prodded by Major Rathore, Iftikhar then went on to describe vividly how after much searching in Hajiganj he had discovered twelve Hindus hiding in a house on the outskirts of the town. These had been “disposed of.” Now Major Iftikhar was on the second part of his mission : burn. In front of the shop a small display cabinet was crammed with patent medicines, cough syrups, some bottles of mango squash, imitation jewellery, reels of coloured thread and packets of knicker elastic. Iftikhar kicked it over, smashing the light woodwork into kindling. Next he reached out for some jute shopping bags on one shelf. He took some plastice toys from another. A bundle of handkerchiefs and a small bolt of red cloth joined the pile on the floor. Iftikhar heaped them all together and borrowed a box from one of the jawans sitting in our Toyota. The jawan had ideas of his own. Jumping from the vehicle he ran to the shop and tried to pull down one of the umbrellas hanging from the low ceiling of shop. Iftikhar ordered him out. Looting he was sharply remined, was against orders. Iftikhar soon had a fire going. He threw burning jute bags into one corner of the shop; the bolt of cloth into another. The shop began to blaze. Within minutes we could hear the crackle of flames behind shuttered doors as the fire spread to the shop on the left, then on to the next one. At this point Rathore was beginning to get anxious about the gathering darkness. So we drove on. When I chanced to meet Major Iftikhar the next day he ruefully told me, ‘I burnt only sixty houses. If it han’t rained I would have got the whole bloody lot.’ Approaching a village a few miles form Mudafarganj we were forced to a halt by what appeared to be a man crouching agaisnt a mud wall. One of the jawans warned it might be fauji sniper. But after careful scouting it turned out to be a lovely young Hindu girl. She sat there with the placidity of her people, waiting for God knows who. One of the jawans had been ten years with the East Pakistan 221

Rifles and could speak bazaar Bengali. He was told to order her into the village. She mumbled something in reply, but stayed where she was, but was ordered a second time. She was still sitting there as we drove away. “She has,” I was informed, “nowhere to go-no family, no home.” Major Iftikhar was one of several officers assigned to kill and burn missions. They moved in after the rebels had been clearned by the army with the freedom to comb out and destory Hindus and “miscreants” (the official jargon for rebels) and to burn down everything in the areas from which the army had been fired at. This landky Punjabi officer liked to talk about his job. Ridding with Iftikhar to the Circuit House in Comilla on anoher occasion he told me about his latest exploit. “We got an old one,” he said. “The bastard had grown a beard and was posing as a devout Muslim. Even called himself Abdul Manan. But we give him a medial inspection and the game was up”. Iftikhar continued : “I wanted to finish him there and then, but my men told me such a bastard deserved there shots. So I gave him one in the balls, then one in the stomach, then I finished him off with a shot in the head.” When I left Major Iftikhar he was headed north to Brahmanbaria. His mission : another kill and burn. Overwhelmed with terror, the Bengalis have one of two reactions. Those who can run away just seem to vanish. Whole towns have been abandoned as the army approached. Those who can’t run about a cringing servility which only adds humiliation to their plight. Chandpur was an example of the first.

In the past this key river port on the Meghna was noted for its thriving business houses and gay life. At night thousands of small country boats anchored on the river’s edge made it a fairyland of lights. On April 18 Chandpur was deserted. No people, no boats. Barely one percent of the population had remained. The rest, particularly the Hindus who constituted nearly half the population, had fled. 222

Weirdly they had left behind thousands of Pakistani flags fluttering from every house, shop and rooftop. The effect was like a national day celebration without the crowds. It only served to emphasis the haunted look. The flags were by way of insurance. Somehow the word had got around that the army considered any structure without a Pakistani flag to be hostile and consquently to be destroyed. It did not matter how the Pakistani flags were made, so long as they were adorned with crescent and star. So they came in all sizes shapes and colours. Some flaunted blue fields, instead of the regulation green. Obviously they had been hastily put together with the same material that had been used for the blue Bangladesh flag. Indeed blue Pakistani flags were more common then the green. The scene in Chandpur was repeated in Hajiganj, Mudafaraganj, Kasba, Barhamnbaria; all ghost towns gay, with flags. A ‘parade’ and knwoing wink

Lahsham was an example of the other reaction : cringing. When I drove into the town the morning after it had been cleared of the rebels, all I could see was the army and literally thousands of Pakistani flags. The Major in charge there had camped in the police station, and it was there that Major Rathore took us my colleague a Pakistani TV Cameraman, to make a propaganda film about the, “return to normalcy” in Laksham-one of the endless series broadcast daily showing welcome parades and “peace meetings.” ......

On April 20 Lt.-Col. Baig, the flower-loving G-1 of the 9th Division thought that the comp-out would take two months, to the middle in June. But this planning seems to have misfired. The rebel forces, using guerilla tactics, have not been subdued as easily as the army expected. Isolated and apparently unco-ordinated, the rebels have nontheless bogged down the Pakistan Army in many places by the systematic destruction of roads and the railways, without which 223

the army cannot move. The 9th Division for one was hopelessly behind schedule. Now the monsoon threatens to shut down the military operation with three months of cloudbursts. For the rainly season, the Pakistan Government obtained form China in the second week of May nine shallow-darught river gunboats. More are to come. These 80 ton gunboats with massive firepower will take over some of the responsibolites hitherto allotted to the air force and artillery, which will not be as effective when it rains. They will be supported by several hundred country-craft which have been requinstioned and converted for military use by the addition of outboard motors. The army intends to take to the water in pursuit of the rebels. Colonisation of East Bengal

There is also the clear prospect of famine, because of the breakdown of the distribution system. Seventeen of the 23 districts of East Pakistan are normally short of food and have to be supplied by massive imports of rice and wheat. This will not be possible this year because of the civil war. Six major bridges and thousands of smaller ones have been destroyed, making the roads impassible in many places. The railway system has been similarly disrupted, though the government claims it is “almost normal.” The road and rail tracks between the port of Chittagong and the north have been completely disrupted by the rebels who held Feni, a key road and rail junction, until May 7. Food stocks cannot move because of this devastation. In normal times only 15 percent of food movement from Chittagong to up country areas were made by boat. The remaining 85 percent was moved by road and rail. Even a 100 percent increase in the effectiveness of river movement will leave 70 per cent of the food stocks in the warehouses of Chittagong. Two other factors must be added. One is large-scale hoarding of grain by people who have begun to anticipate the famine. This makes a tight position infinitely more difficult. This other is the government of Pakistan’s refusal to acknowledge the danger of famine publicly. Lt.-Gen. Tikka Khan, the military governor of East Bengal, acknowledged in a radio broastcast on April 18 that he was 224

gravely concerned about food supplies. Since then the entire government machinery has been used to suppress the fact of the food shortage. The reason is that a famine like the cyclone before it, could result in a massive outpouring of foreign aid-and with it the prospet of external inspection of distribution methods. That would make it impossible to conceal from the world the scale of the pogrom. So the hungry will be left to die until the clean-up is complete. Discussing the problem in his plush air-conditioned office in Karachi recently the chairman of the Agricultural Development Bank, Mr. Qarni, said bluntly : “The famine is the result of their acts of sabotage. So let them die. Perhaps then the Bengali will come to their senses.” ......

All this would seem to indicate that Pakistan’s military Government is moving paradoxically, in opposite directions, to compound the gravest crisis in the country’s 24 years history. This is a widely held view. It sounds logical. But is it true ? My own view is that it is not. It has been my unhappy previlege to have had the opportunity to observe at first hand both what Pakistan’s leaders say in the West, and what they are doing in the East. I think that in reality there is no contradiction in the Government’s East Bengal policy. East Bengal is being colonised. This is not an arbitrary opinion of mine. The facts speak for

themselves.

The first consideration of the army has been and still is the obliteration of every trace of separatism in East Bengal. This proposition is upheld by the continuing slaughter and by everything else that the government has done in both East and West Pakistan since March 25. The decision was coldly taken by the military leaders, and they are going through with it-all too coldly. No meaningful or viable political solution is possible in East Bengal while the pogrom continues. 225

The crucial question is : will killing stop ?

I was given the army’s answer by Major-General Shaukat Raza, commanding officer of the 9th Division, during our first meeting at Comilla on April 16. “You must be absolutely sure,” he said, “that we have not undertaken such a drastic and expensive operation-expensive both in men and money for nothing. We’ve undertaken a job. We are going to finish it, not had it over half done to the politicians so that they can mess it up again. The amry can’t keep coming back like this every three or four years. It has a more important task. I assure you that when we have got through with what we are doing there will never be need again for such an operation.” Major-General Shaukat Raza one of three divisional commanders in the filed. He is in a key position. He is not given to talking through his hat. Significantly, General Shaukat Raza’s ideas were echoed by every military officer I talked to during my 10 days in East Bengal. And President Yahya Khan knows that the men who lead the troop on the ground are the de facto arbiters of Pakistan’s destiny. The single-mindedness of the army is underscored by the military operation itself. By any standard, it is a a major venture. It is not something that can be swithched on and off without the most grave consequences. Army committed to remain

The army has already taken a terrible toll in dead and injured. It was privately said in Dacca that more officers have been killed then men and that the casualty list in East Bengal already exceeds the losses in the India-Pakistan war of September,1965. The army will certainly not write off these “sacrifices” for illusory political considerations that have proved to be so worthless in the past. Military-and it is soldiers who will be taking the decision-to call a halt to the operation at this stage would be indefensible. It would only mean more trouble with the Bengali rebels. Implacable hatered has been displayed on both sides. 226

There can be no truce or negotiated settlement; only toal victory or total defeat. Time is on the side of the Pakistan Army, not of the isolated, unco-ordinated and ill-equipped rebel groups. Other circumstances, such as an expanded conflict which takes in other powers, could of course alter the picture. But as it stands today the Pakistan Army has no reason to doubt that it will eventually achieve its objective. That is why the casualties are solidly accepted......

In one sentence, the government is too far committed militarily to abandon the East Bengal operation, which it would have to do if it sincerely wanted a political solution. President Yahya Khan is riding on the back of a tiger. But he took a calculated decision to climb up there. So the army is not going to pull out. The Government’s policy for East Bengal was spelled out to me in the Eastern Command headquarters at Dacca. It has three elements :- 1) The Bengalis have proved themselves “unreliable” and must be ruled by West Pakistanis ; 2) The Bengalis will have to be re-educated along proper Islamic lines. The “Islamisation of the masses”- this is the official jargon-is intended to eleminate secessionist tendencies and provide a strong religious bond with West Pakistan : 3) When the Hindus have been eliminated by death and flight, their property will be used as a golden carrot to win over the under-privileged Muslim middleclass. This will provide the base for erecting administrative and political structures in the future.

This policy is being purued with the utmost blatancy.

Because of the mutiny, it has been officially decreed that there will not for the present be any further recruitment of Bengalis in the defence forces. Senior Air Force and Navy officers, who were not in anyway involved, have been moved “as a precaution” to non- sensitive positions. Bengali fighter pilots, among them some of the aces of the Air Force, had the humiliation of being grounded and moved to non-flying duties. Even PIA air crews operating between the two wings of the country have been strained clean for Bangalis. 227

The East Pakistan Rifles, once almost exclusively a Bengali paramilitary force, has ceased to exist since the mutiny. A new force the Civil Defence Force, has been raised by recruiting Biharis and volunteers from West Pakistan. Biharis, instead of Bengalis are also being used as the basic material for the police. They are supervised by officers sent out from West Pakistan and by secondment from the army. The new Superintendent of Police at Chandpur at the end of April was a Military Police major. Hundreds of West Pakistani government civil servents, doctors, and technicians for the radio, TV, telegraph and telephone services have already been sent out to East Pakistan. More are being encouraged to go with the promise of one and two-step promotions. But the transfer, when made, is obligatory. President Yahya, recently issued an order making it possible to transfer civil servants to any part of Pakistan against their will.

The universities ‘sorted out’ I was told that all the Commissioners of East Bengal and the district Deputy Commissioner will in future be either Biharis or civil officers from West Pakistan. The Deputy Commissioners of districts were said to be too closely involved with the Awami League secessionist movement. In some cases, such as that of the Deputy Commissioner of Comilla, they were caught and shot. That particular officer had incurred the warth of army on March 20 when he refused to requisition petrol and food supplies “without a letter from Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.” The Government has, also come down hard on the universities and colleges of East Bengal. They were considered the hot beds of conspiracy and they are being ‘sorted out’. Many professors have fled. Some have been short. They will be replaced by fresh recruitment from West Pakistan. Bengali officers are also being weeded out of sensitive positions in the Civil and Foreign Services. All are currently being subjected to the most exhaustive screening. This colonisation process quite obviously does not work even half as efficiently as the administration wishes. I was given vivid 228

evidence of this by Major Agah, martial law administrator of Comilla. He had been having a problem getting the local Bengali executive engineers to go out and repair the bridges and roads that had been destroyed or damaged by the rebels. This task kept getting snarled in red tape, and the bridges remained unrepaired. Agha, of course, knew the reason. “You can’t expect them to work,” he told me, “When you have been killing them and destroying their coutnry. That at least is their point of view, and we are paying for it”. Captain Durrani of the Baluch Regiment, who was in charge of the company guarding the Comilla airport, had his own methods of dealing with the problem. “I have told them,” he said with reference to the Bengalis maintaining the control tower, “that I will shoot anyone who even looks like he is doing something suspicious.” Durrani had made good his word. A Bengali who had approached the airport a few nights earlier was shot. “Could have been a rebel,” I was told. Durani had another claim to fame. He had personally accounted for “more than 60 men” while clearing the villages surrounding the airport. The harsh reality of colonisation in the East is being concealed by shameless window dressing. For several weeks President Yahya Khan and Lt.-Gen. Tikka Khan have been trying to get political support in East Pakistan for what they are doing. The results have not excactly been satisfying......

......

The army can of course hold the country together by force. But the meaning of what it has done in East Bengal is that the dream of the men who hoped in 1947 that they were founding a Muslim nation in two equal parts has now faded. There is now little chance for a long time to come that Punjabis in the West and Bengalis in the East will feel themselves equal fellow-citizens of one nation. For the Bengalis, the future is now bleak : the unhappy submission of a colony to its conquerors.

229

1971 m‡b gyw³ hy×Kvjxb mg‡q evsjv‡`‡k cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx cwiKwíZ fv‡e ‡h exfrm MYnZ¨v AZ¨vPvi wbcxob PvjvBqvwQj Zvnv 8 kZ ermi c~‡e©i

†P½xR Lvb ev nvjvKz Lvb Gi MYnZ¨vi mwnZ Zyjbxq | wØZxq gnvhy‡×i mgq 6 ermi Rvg©vbx I †cvj¨v‡Û AbywôZ MYnZ¨v evsjv‡`‡k 9 gv‡m AbywôZ MYnZ¨vi

Kv‡Q g−vb nBqv hvB‡e|

Dc‡i eYx©Z NUbvejx cÖK…Z NUbvejxi AwZ mvgvb¨ Ask gvÎ| Dc‡i gvÎ

K‡qKwU NUbv eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q wKš— mgMª evsjv‡`‡k GBiƒc nvRvi nvRvi NUbv

NwUqv‡Q| ARmª ea¨f~wg evsjv‡`‡ki Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P iwnqv‡Q| †mLv‡b nvRvi nvRvi

K¼vj iwnqv‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi g~j¨ GB mKj nvRvi nvRvi wbiciva gvbyl wb‡Riv K¼vj nBqv cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Q| Avgiv Avgv‡`i eZ©gvb kvwš—gq cwi‡e‡ki

AviI kvš— Av‡jvPbvq ZvwZ¡K fv‡e Zvnv‡`i AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi NUbv‡K msweav‡bi 24

Aby‡”Q‡` ewY©Z ÔHwZnvwmKÕ Gi AvIZvq Av‡m wKbv Zvnv jBqv webgª Z‡K© AeZxb© nB‡Z cvwi wKš— evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î †h j¶ j¶ wbiciva e¨w³ jvk nBqv ea¨f~wg¸wj‡Z wb‡R‡ì ¯’vb Kwiqv jBqvwQj Zvnviv Zvnv‡ì wb‡R‡ì AwaKv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi BwZnv‡m Aek¨B ¯’vb Kwiqv jBqv‡Q Ges †m Kvi‡Y

Zvnv‡`i ea¨f~wg¸wjI Aek¨B HwZnvwmK ¯’vb|

GKRb HwZnvwmK eZ©gv‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U AZxZ NUbv‡K wePvi K‡ib wKš—

1971 m‡bi NUbv †mB mg‡qi †cÖ¶vc‡U we‡ePbv KiZt 24 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq

ÔHwZnvwmKÕ wKbv ZvnvB wePvi Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

GLv‡b AviI D‡j−L¨ †h Dc‡i ewY©Z j¶ j¶ gvbe mš—vb wb‡R‡`i Rxeb wemR©b w`qv evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv `vexi cÖwZ mgMª we‡k¦i mnvbyf~wZ I mg_©b

Av`vq KwiqvwQj hvnvi djkª“wZ‡Z weRq w`em Z¦ivwš¦Z nBqvwQj| Kv‡RB D³ bxie j¶ j¶ gvbe mš—vb‡K D‡c¶v Kwiqv weRq w`em KíbvI Kiv hvq bv|

Zvnv‡`i j¶ j¶ K¼v‡ji Dci weRq w`e‡m msNwUZ AvZ¥mgc©b Abyôvb gÂvwqZ nBqvwQj|

Q) hy³iv‡óªi m¦vaxbZv hy× t 230

hy³iv‡óªi m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i mwnZ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wgKv I hy‡×i

†ek wKQy wgj iwnqv‡Q| Aek¨ AwgjI iwnqv‡Q| 15k kZvãx‡Z DËi Av‡gwiKv

Avwe®‹v‡ii ci Bnvi wewfbœ Ask Bsj¨vÛmn BD‡ivcxq wewfbœ ivóª `Lj K‡i|

AZtci, BD‡ivcxq †`k¸wj nB‡Z cÖPyi Awfevmx Z_vq AvMgb K‡i| †lvok kZvãx‡Z Bsj¨vÛ 13(‡Zi) wU K‡jvbx ivóª ¯’vcb K‡i| ivRKxq †bŠ I †mbv evwnbx K‡jvbxfy³ cÖ‡`k¸wj‡K ewntAvµgb nB‡Z i¶v KwiZ| cÖ‡`k¸wji

KZ©„Z¡ ivRvi AvIZvaxb wQj| K‡jvbx¸wj g‡b KwiZ †h Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRv Zvnv‡`iI ivRv wKš‘ Zvnv‡`i wbe©vwPZ msm` ¯’vbxq welq¸wj m¤¦‡Ü AvBb cÖYqb Kwi‡Z

¶gZvevb| Zvnviv g‡b KwiZ †h Bsj¨v‡Ûi cvj©v‡g›U K‡jvbxi wbRm¦ †Kvb e¨vcv‡i AvBb cÖYqb Kwi‡Z ev Ki Av‡ivc Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| BnvB wQj

K‡jvbx¸wji mwnZ Bsj¨v‡Ûi we‡iv‡ai g~j KviY|

evsjv‡`‡ki Awaevmx †deªyqvwi i HwZn¨ `yB nvRvi erm‡iiI cyivZb|

Zvnv‡ì †fvUvwaKv‡ii kw³ Awef³ fvi‡Z mKj gymjgvb‡ì m¦v_© i¶v‡_© eëüZ nBZ| cÖK…Zc‡¶, Zvnv‡ì †fv‡Ui †Rv‡iB cvwK¯—vb m„wó nBqvwQj| 1947 m‡b cvwK¯—vb m„wói ci c~e© evsjvi Awaevmx hwÌ mgMª †`‡ki 56% Ask wQj wKš‘ cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi wmwfj I wgwjUvix ey‡iv‡µmx GB cÖ‡`k‡K K‡jvbxi b¨vq eënvi KwiZ|

c~e©e½ ev c~e© cvwK¯—vbevmxiv wb‡R‡`i m¦vqZ¡kvm‡b wek¦vm KwiZ| GB `vex nB‡ZB †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii mwnZ Zvnv‡`i we‡iv‡ai m~ÎcvZ|

d«v‡Ýi mwnZ Bsj¨v‡Ûi mßel© hy‡×i mgvwß A‡š— 1763 A‡ã weªwUk cvj©v‡g›U K‡jvbx¸wji Dci U¨v· I Ab¨vb¨ wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci AvBb cÖYqb

Kwi‡j K‡jvbx¸wj‡Z cÖPÛ Am‡š—v‡li m„wó K‡i| AvBbMywj Zvnv‡`i m¦vaxbZvq n¯—‡¶c ewjqv Zvnviv Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡i|

GB mKj bvbvb Kvi‡Y 1774 m‡bi †m‡Þ¤¦i gv‡m K‡jvbx ¸wji cÖwZwbwa mgev‡q cÖ_g Continental Congress Gi GK mfv AbywôZ nq| D³ mfvq

†KvbiKg m¦vaxbZvi `vex ZLbI DÌvcb Kiv nq bvB eiÂ wewfbœ `vexÐ`vIqv

Av`v‡qi g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K Ges Ks‡Mªm Zvnv‡`i `vex m¤¦‡Ü ivRvi wbKU 231

Av‡e`b KiZt GKwU Declaration of Rights †cÖiY K‡i| wKš— weªwUk miKv‡ii wb‡`©k Abymv‡i †Rbv‡ij †MR& 1775 m‡bi 19‡k GwcÖj KbK‡W© Aew¯’Z

†Mvjvevi“‡`i wW‡cv `Lj Kwi‡Z wMqv cÖ_g i³cv‡Zi myÎcvZ nq|

6 `dvi wfwË‡Z c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi c~Y© m¦vqZ¡kvmb m¤¦wjZ msweavb cÖYqb

Kwievi `vex cvwK¯—v‡bi mvgwiK Rvš—v MYnZ¨vi gva¨‡g DrcvwUZ Kwi‡Z Pvwn‡j m¦vaxbZvi `vex‡Z gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ nq|

evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× Aemi cÖvß K‡b©j Gg G wR Imgvbx‡K gyw³‡dŠ‡Ri cÖavb †mbvcwZ (General Officer Commanding in Chief) wb‡qvM †`Iqv nq|

1775 m‡bi 15B Ryb Zvwi‡L Kw›U‡b›Uvj Ks‡Mªm wdjv‡Wjwdqv kn‡i wgwjZ nBqv Continental Army MVb K‡i| Aemi cÖvß K‡b©j RR© IqvwksUb‡K D³

†mbvevwnbxi cÖavb †mbvcwZ (Commander in Chief) c‡` wb‡qvM †`Iqv nq|

BwZg‡a¨ mg‡SvZvi cwie‡Z© ivRv George III 1775 m‡bi 23‡k AvM÷ GK

Proclamation Øviv K‡jvbx¸wj‡K we‡`ªvnx ewjqv †Nvlbv Kwi‡j ZvnvivI ax‡i ax‡i m¦vaxbZvi w`‡K avweZ nB‡Z _v‡K|

evsjv‡`‡ki mvaviY gymjgvbM‡Yi †fv‡Ui kw³ mgMª fviZe‡l© gymjgvb‡`i m¦v_© i¶v‡_© e¨eüZ nBZ| evOvwj gymjgvbMYB cÖK…wZc‡¶ cvwK¯—vb AR©b KwiqvwQj| A_P cvwK¯—v‡b ZvnvivB cÖPÛ eÂbvi m¦xKvi nq|

GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z m¦vqZ¡kvmb `vex Kwi‡j MYnZ¨v Avi¤¢ nq Ges †kL gywR‡ei

†bZ„‡Z¡ evsjvi gvbyl m¦vaxbZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ K‡i|

1776 m‡bi 15B †g Ks‡Mªm Bsj¨vÛ KZ©„K ¯’vwcZ miKv‡ii cwie‡Z©

GKwU b~Zb miKvi MV‡bi c‡¶ wm×vš— Mªnb K‡i| cÖvq ermivaxKvj hy×

Pwjevi ci Ks‡Mªm 1776 m‡bi 4Vv RyjvB AvBb AvKv‡i m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbvi wejwU cvm K‡i| GB m‡½ †kl nq 13wU K‡jvbx‡Z weªwUk AwacZ¨| Bnvi ci d«v‡Ýi mnvqZvq (cuvP) ermi e¨vwc m¦vaxbZv hy× P‡j|

evsjv‡`‡k gyw³hy‡×i cÖvi‡¤¢B m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖ`vb Kiv nq Ges

`yB mßvn c‡i evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwaMY evsjv‡`‡ki 232

MYcwil‡`i ¶gZve‡j AvbyôvwbK Proclamation of Independence ‡NvlYv

K‡i|

hy×Kvjxb mg‡q divmx hy×RvnvR ¸wj weªwUk RvnvR¸wj‡K Awekªvš— fv‡e bv‡Rnvj Kwi‡Z _v‡K| BnvQvov, d«vÝ Bnvi ‰mb¨evwnbx I wecyj hy×v¯¿ miÄvg mieivn KiZt mve©¶wbK fv‡e continental army †K mnvqZv Kwi‡Z _v‡K| GKB fv‡e fviZxq mxgvš— evwnbxI gyw³‡hv×v‡`i c‡¶ cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK evwnbxi wei“‡× bvbv fv‡e mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| 1781 m‡b Yorktown Gi hy‡× divmx †bŠevwnbx

Neval blocked QvovI York b`xi w`K nB‡Z Lord Cornwallis Gi †mbvevwnbxi

Ae¯’v‡bi Dci cÖPÛ †Mvjvel©b Avi¤¢ K‡i| m¤§y‡L divmx Ak¦v‡ivnx I

†Mvjv›`vR evwnbx divmx General Comte de Rochambeau, General Marquis de

Lafayette cÖf„wZ †mbvbvqKMY George Washington Gi evwnbxi mwnZ GK‡hv‡M weªwUk evwnbx‡K Avµgb Kwi‡j 1781 m‡bi 19‡k A‡±vei Lord Cornwallis

AvZ¥mgc©b K‡i|

GKBfv‡e 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i fviZxq I evsjv‡`‡ki †hŠ_ evwnbxi wbKU †jt †Rbv‡ij wbqvRx AvZ¥mgc©b K‡i|

R) gyw³hy× I gyw³‡hv×v t

D‡j−L¨ †h 25/26 †k gvP© nB‡ZB evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î wew”Qbœfv‡e nB‡jI gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ nBqv hvq| H mgq g~jZt BwcAvi, †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui †deªyqvwi m`m¨MY Ges cywjk evwnbx cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx†K Avµgb KiZt cÖPÛ Pv‡ci gy‡L iv‡L| BwZg‡a¨ †deªyqvwi QvÎ K…lK, kÖwgK I wewfbœ †ckvi gvbyl

Ôgyw³‡hv×vÕ wnmv‡e †hvM`vb KiZt cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwk¶Y MªnY Avi¤¢ K‡i|

K‡qK mßvn †Mwijv †Uªwbs Gi ciB Zvnviv evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨š—‡i cÖ‡ek

KiZt AwekÖvš—fv‡e †Mwijv Avµgb cwiPvjbv Kwi‡Z _v‡K| GBiƒc AmsL¨

NUbvi gvÎ `yB GKwU wb‡æ eY©bv Kiv nBj |

gyw³‡dŠ‡Ri f‡q cvKÐ‰mb¨ m`v mš¿¯— (`wjjcÎt beg LÛ, c„t 629Ð631) 233

gywRebMi, 22 Ryb (wc wU AvB)Ðevsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ L‡Û gyw³‡dŠ‡Ri †Mwijv evwnbxi µgea©gvb ZrciZvq cwðg cvwK¯—vbx ‰mbëvwnbxi Unj `j¸wj AvZ¼Mª¯— n‡q c‡o‡Q| gyw³‡dŠR Kgv‡Ûvi R‰bK D”Pc`¯n Awdmvi e‡j‡Qb †h, gyw³‡dŠR †h †Kvb gyû‡Z© AvPgKv AvµgY Pvjv‡Z cv‡i g‡b K‡i cvwK¯—vbx ‰mbïv AvRKvj hZ`~i m¤¢e mZK© n‡q Pjv‡div Ki‡Q| gyw³‡dŠR hv‡Z wPb‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ cvK‰mbïv mgq mgq AmvgwiK e¨w³i QÙ‡e‡k Pjv‡div K‡i _v‡K| ‰mbëvwnbx hLb ‰mb¨ I mieivn wb‡q b`x cvivcv‡ii Rb¨ †gvUi †evU eënvi K‡i ZLb ‡Mwijv‡ì AvµgY †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ mZK©Zvg~jK eë¯nv wn‡m‡e b`x I Lv‡ji Dfq Zx‡iB i¶x †gvZv‡q‡bi eë¯nv K‡i|

‡fovgvivq 20 Rb cvK‰mb¨ wbnZ t K…òbMi, 22†k Ryb Kzwóqv †Rjvi †fovgviv _vbvi gwnlKzwÛ AÂ‡j GK ‡Kv¤úvbx cvK‰m‡b¨i Ici AvµgY Pvwj‡q gyw³‡dŠR Aš—Zt 20Rb cvK‰mb¨‡K nZ¨v I †ek wKQy‡K RLg K‡i‡Q e‡j AvR msev‡` cvIqv ‡M‡Q| ¯nvbwU K…òbMi †_‡K 150 wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i fviZÐ‡gNbv mxgv‡š—i wecixZ w`‡K| mxgv‡š—i Icvi †_‡K cvIqv msev‡` Rvbv hvq †h, cvK‰mb¨iv Avµvš— n‡q evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨š— ifv‡M cvwj‡q hvq|

gyw³‡dŠR MZ iweevi †g‡nicy‡ii Kv‡Q GKwU ‰mb¨evnx Uªv‡Ki Ici †Mvjvel©Y K‡i Ges Dnvi d‡j cÖvq 24Rb cvK‰mb¨ wbnZ A_ev AvnZ nq| Hw`bB †g‡nicy‡ii cÖvq 15 gvBj DËiÐc~‡e© GKwU AÂ‡j gyw³‡dŠR GKwU ‰mb¨NvuwUi Ici ¸jxel©Y K‡i| GB Avµg‡Y 11 Rb cvK ‰mb¨ LZg nq|

iscy‡i jvjgwbinvU L‡Û gyw³‡dŠR GKwU ‰mb¨ wkwe‡ii Ici AvPgKv AvµgY Pvwj‡q wKQy Aš¿k¯¿ I †Mvjvevi“` mn GKwU UªvK `Lj K‡i| GB Avµg‡Y †h mKj cvK‰mb¨ AvnZ nq Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb AwdmviI Av‡Qb| (hyMvš—i, 23Ryb, 1971)

Lvb ‡mbv‡`i Ici gyw³evwnbxi AvµgY ZxeªZi n‡q‡Q t AviI mvZ kZvwaK ‰mb¨ LZg

m¦vaxb evsjv‡`k †eZv‡ii Le‡i cÖKvk, nvbv`vi evwnbx evsjv‡`k †h ee©‡ivwPZ I mycwiKwíZ MYnZ¨v Pvwj‡q‡Q ZviB Ask wnmv‡e AvIqvgx jxM †bZ„e„›` I Zuv‡ì mg_©K‡ì Dci AK_¨ wbh©vZb Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| GB wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡ii nvZ †_‡K Avgv‡ì wcÖq †bZv e½eÜy †kL gywR‡ei e‡qve„× Amy¯n wcZvgvZvI †invB cvbwb| MZ mvZw`b PÆMªvg iYv½‡b cÖvq GKkZ 50 Rb cvK nvbv`vi gyw³evwnbxi †Mwijv‡ì nv‡Z wbnZ n‡q‡Q Ges eû 234

¯nvb †_‡K cvK†mbv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bIqv n‡q‡Q e‡j m¦vaxb evsjv †eZvi‡K›`ªª Rvwb‡q‡Q| mgMª c~e© iYv½‡b †Mwijv‡`i ZrciZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| K·evRv‡i eû cvK†mbv nZvnZ n‡q‡Q| Gw`‡K gU©vi I †gwkbMvbmn AvµgY Pvwj‡q gyw³‡hv×viv †dbxi DËiÐc~e© AÂ‡j 200 Rb cvK‡mbv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Qb|

m¦vaxbZvKvgx Zi“Y †hv×viv MZ 19‡k Ryb wm‡jU †m±‡i GKwU GjvKvq cvKÐnvbv`vi‡`i m‡½ GK msN‡l© 13 Rb cvK‡mbv‡K LZg K‡ib Ges cÖPyi A¯¿k¯¿ I †Mvjvevi“`mn 3 Rb cvK‡mbv‡K AvUK K‡i‡Qb| Gi Av‡Miw`b GK cÖPÛ msN‡l© gyw³evwnbx wm‡j‡Ui K‡qKwU ¯nv‡b AvµgY Pvwj‡q K‡qKwU kµ‡mbvi evsKvi bó K‡i‡Qb Ges 30 Rb ‰mb¨‡K LZg K‡i‡Qb| GB Avµg‡Y 22Zg †iwR‡g‡›Ui GKRb ‰mb¨‡KI AvUK K‡i‡Qb|

gyw³evwnbx iscy‡ii eRivcvovq cvK‡mbv‡ì Ici AZw©K©Z †Mwijv AvµgY Pvwj‡q cvK‡mbv‡ì bv‡Rnvj K‡i †Q‡o‡Qb| GB Avµg‡Y A‡bK Lvb‡mbv nZvnZ n‡q‡Q| †mB w`bB cvK‡mbviv g„Z ‰mb¨‡ì jvk I AvnZ ‰mb¨‡ì bIMvuq wb‡q hvq| GB Avµgb GKRb Awdmvimn `yÔRb cvK‡mbv‡K gyw³evwnbxi †Mwijv †hv×viv †MªdZvi K‡i‡Qb| K‡qKw`b Av‡M gyw³evwnbxi exi †hv×viv VvKziMvu‡qi Kv‡Q gU©vi I †gwkbMvb †_‡K kµ QvDwbi Dci AvPgKv ¸wj Pvjvq| PÆMªv‡gI gyw³‡hv×v‡ì †Mwijv ZrciZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| MZ `yÕmßvn a‡i PÆMªv‡g AwaK msL¨K Mvox I ‰mb¨ wb‡q cvK‡mbv‡ì Pjv‡div Ki‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q| Kzwóqv iYv½‡bi †g‡nicyi GjvKvq GK `ytmvnwmK AvµgY Pvwj‡q gyw³evwnbx Kgc‡¶ 30 Rb cvK‡mbv‡K LZg K‡i‡Qb, †mLvbKvi KzZyecy‡i gyw³evwnbx Lvb‡mbv‡ì Ici AvKw¯§Kfv‡e Svuwc‡q c‡o 10 Rb Lvb‡mbv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| MZ 15B Ryb bvwRiv‡Kvbvq GK c−vUyb cvK‰mb¨‡K AvµgY K‡i gyw³evwnbxi Amgmvnmx †hv×viv 20Rb `ykgb ‰mb¨‡K LZg K‡i‡Qb|

m¦vaxb evsjv †eZv‡ii Le‡i cÖKvk, mvZ¶xivi wbKU `ykgb ‰mb¨‡ì NvuwUi Dci gyw³‡hv×viv AvµgY Pvwj‡q‡Qb| H GjvKvi K‡qKwU AvDU †cv‡÷I Avgvv‡ì gyw³evwnbx cÖPÛ AvµgY Pvwj‡q `my¨ ‰mb¨‡ì A‡bK‡KB nZvnZ K‡i‡Qb|

MZ 12B Ryb †fvgiv †m±‡ii Kjv‡ivqvq gyw³evwnbx cÖPÛ AvµgY Pvwj‡q 16 Rb Lvb‡mbv‡K LZg K‡i‡Qb| gyw³evwnbx H w`b iv‡Z Av‡iK Awfhv‡b 60 Rb Lvb‡mbv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Qb| Kjv‡ivqv BDwbqb KvDwÝ‡ji †Pqvig¨vb I Z_vKw_Z kvwš— KwgwUi †cÖwm‡W›U Iqv‡R` Avjx †PŠa~ix‡KI gyw³evwnbxi †Mwijv †hv×viv LZg K‡i‡Qb| 235

gyw³evwnbx evsjv‡`k `w¶YÐcwðg L‡Û Lvb‡mbvi Dci e¨vcK AvµgY Pvwc‡q †g‡nicy‡ii wbK†U GK c−vUyb Lvb‡mbv‡K LZg K‡i‡Qb| gyw³evwnbx †g‡nicyi kni †_‡K cÖvq `yÕgvBj `~‡i Kvg‡`ecyi Mªv‡g BQvLvjx mxgvš— †PŠwK `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| GZ`vÂ‡j gU©vi †_‡K ¸wjel©Y K‡i gyw³evwnbx kµ‡mbv‡`i GK c−vUyb ‰mb¨ LZg K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb|

wbnZ‡`i g‡a¨ K‡qKRb c`¯’ AwdmviI i‡q‡Q|

Rqevsjv, 1g el©, 7g msL¨v, 25Ryb 1971

Dchy©³fv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯nv‡b I cÖvš— mxgvbv¸wj‡Z †Mwijv hy× Pwj‡ZwQj| mgMª gyw³hy×‡K mymsnZ Kwievi j‡¶ KwjKvZvq 11 †_‡K 17B RyjvB ch©š— GKwU m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| cªavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g` Gi mfvcwZ‡Ë¡ cÖavb †mbvcwZ K‡Y©j Gg G wR Imgvbx mn mKj †m±i KgvÛviMY GB m‡¤§j‡b Dcw¯nZ wQ‡jb (`wjjcÎ t `kg LÛ, c„ t 2) t `kw`be¨vcx m‡¤§j‡b hy‡×i wewfbœ w`K, wewfbœ ai‡bi mgm¨v Ges fwel¨r Kg©cš’v m¤ú‡K© we¯ZvwiZ Av‡jvPbv nq| GB ‰eV‡K †jt K‡b©j Gg, G, ie evsjv‡`k evwnbxi PxdÐAe Ð÷vd Ges MÖ“c K¨v‡Þb G, †K, L›`Kvi †WcywU PxdÐ AeÐ÷vd wbhy³ nb|

(K) cÖwZwU myweavRbK ¯nv‡b kµi wei“‡× †iBW Ges A¨vgey‡ki gva¨‡g AvNvZ nvbvi Rb¨ wecyj msL¨K †Mwijv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨š—‡i cvVv‡bvi e¨e¯nv Ki‡Z n‡e| (L) wkí cÖwZôvb Pvjy ivL‡Z †`qv n‡e bv| we`y¨‡Zi LyuwU, mve‡÷kb cÖf„wZ Dwo‡q w`‡q we`y¨r mieivn APj Kivi gva¨‡g G KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| (M) cvwK¯—vbx‡`i‡K †Kvb KvuPvgvj wKsev Drcvw`Z cY¨ idZvbx Ki‡Z †`qv n‡e bv| Gme wRwbm †hme ¸`v‡g _vK‡e †m¸‡jv aŸsm K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| 236

(N) kµc‡¶i ‰mb¨ I mvgwiK miÄvg AvbvÐ‡bqvi Rb¨ eënvi‡hvM¨ evnb †ijc_, †bŠhvb cwiKwíZfv‡e aŸsm Ki‡Z n‡e| (O) iY‡KŠkjMZ cwiKíbv Ggbfv‡e cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z kµiv QÎf½ n‡q co‡Z eva¨ nq| (P) kµ‡ì QÎf½ Kivi c‡i Zv‡ì wew”Qbœ MÖ“ç‡jvi Ici †Mwijviv giYcY AvNvZ nvb‡e |

Dc‡i ewY©Z Kvh©µg Abymv‡i µgvš¦‡q cÖvq j¶vaxK gyw³‡hv×v †Mwijv I m¤§yL hy‡×i Rb¨ †Uªwbs cÖvß nq| †m‡Þ¤¦iÐA‡±vei nB‡ZB Zvnviv evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ AÂ‡j µgvMZ †Mwijv Awfhvb cwiPvjbv Kwiqv nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K e¨wZe¨¯—

Kwiqv †Zv‡j| GgbwK †Lv` ivRavbx XvKv‡ZI †nv‡Uj B›UviKw›U‡b›Uvj mn (eZ©gvb

†kivUb †nv‡Uj) wewfbœ ¯nvcbvq Avµgb cwiPvjbv Kwiqv nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K Zvnviv nZevK Kwiqv †`q|

gyw³‡hv×v‡`i m¤¦‡Ü Lt. General JFR Jacob Zvnvi wjwLZ ‘Surrender at

Dacca, Birth of a Nation’ (1997) cy¯—‡K wb‡gœv³ gš—e¨ K‡ib c„t 90Ð94)t

On the request of the Provisional Government of Bangladesh, the Government of India directed the Army to provide assistance to the Mukti Bahini who controlled areas of East Pakistan contiguous to our borders. The code name given to the guerrilla operations in East Pakistan was ‘Operation Jackpot’. The recruitment and control operations of the Mukti Bahini was set up on a regional basis with their headquarters located at Calcutta at ‘Mujibnagar’ in Theatre Road. It was headed by Col M G Osmani, with Wing Cmdr Khondkar as his deputy......

......

Some 400 naval commandos and frogmen were trained. They were effective in attacking port facilities. Together with a Mukti Bahini gunboat mounting a Bofors 40 mm gun they captured, sank or damaged some 15 Pakistani ships, 11 coasters, 7 gunboats, 11 barges, 2 tankers and 19 river craft. These were, in fact, the most significant achievements of the Mukti Bahini. 237

The Mukti Bahini operations were stepped up from September and became better organized and more effective. They began to have a demoralizing effect on the Pakistani Government in Dacca and also the Pakistani Army, particularly the enlisted men, who were becoming increasingly disenchanted with their cause and their officers......

......

The achievements of the Bangladesh forces and guerrillas were nevertheless, a key factor in the liberation struggle. Despite the limitations of training and lack of junior leadership, they contributed substantially to the defeat of Pakistani forces in East Bengal. They achieved significant results in occupation of areas in the interior, demolitions and harassment. They completely deoralized the Pakistani Army, lowering their morale and creating such a hostile environment that their ability to operate was restricted and they were virtually confined to their fortified locations. The overall achievements of the Mukti Bahini and the East Bengal Regiments were enormous. Bangladeshis can be proud of them. Their contribution was a crucial element in the operations prior to and during full scale hostilities. Due credit must be given to their dedicated efforts to achieve the independence of their country.

weª‡MwWqvi G Avi wmwÏKx †m‡Þ¤¦i gv‡m XvKvq AvMgb K‡ib| †mB mgqKvi Ae¯nv m¤¦‡Ü wZwb Zvnvi wjwLZ East Pakistan : The Endgame cy¯—‡K

†j‡Lb (c„t 175Ð182)t

The concept of one Pakistan was all but dead in the Bengali mind. The only thing between Bangladesh and Pakistan, in my mind, was the military presence in the East. Pakistan was bound to lose her eastern wing as soon as the military was withdrawn. It was a most extraordinary and distrubring state of affairs. Only armies of occupation find themselves placed in such a situation.

......

...... 238

The army was—without doubt—present in full force, but whether it was also in full command, was another question. The whole situation was ridden with contradictions and paradoxes; there could be no genuine peace and normality while the army was there and yet, there would be no East Pakistan without the army. The presence of the military alone stood between the continued existence of East Bengal as a part of Pakistan and the instant emergence of Bangladesh as a fait accompli. The Bengalis had long since lost their attachment to Pakistan and the very word ‘Pakistani’ had become synonymous with ‘traitor’, ‘collaborator’, and agent of the ‘Punzabi Fauj.’

......

In Dhaka itself, the public reaction to the coming by-election was not altogetehr negative but the rebels, fighting the actual war, reacted violently to it. Almost immediately, acts of subversion and sabotage increased manifold. Dhaka became the main target and the centre of terrorist activity. One evening, the entire city was suddenly plunged into darkness as terrorists attacked the main powerhouse. The cantonment used emergency lights with the help of the army generators. The guards, who used to stand outside the VIP room of the Mess and had been withdrawn earlier, were posted there again. Security checks at the points of entry to the cantonment were tightened. No Bengali could enter or leave the cantonment without a pass or an army escort. This included even government officials. Army patrols combed the town. No military officer could move out of the cantonment area by himself after dark, and even during the day, armed escorts accompanied them for security.

Most of the city seemed to have turned into a minefield, with the so-called ‘nuisance mines’ laid everywhere. The generals and brigadiers drove between the cantonment and city’s main commercial area was in the grip of fear. Hardly a day went by when an explosion of some sort did not take place. Reports of the peace 239

committee members being attacked, killed, or wounded by the Muktis increased.

The West Pakistani civil servants were completely domoralized by the state of affairs.

......

For the first time, I also found a distinct change in the attitude of my Bengali friends, pariticularly those belonging to the press. They seemed to have lost the will and the need to communicate and were afraid of being seen with me in public. Even someone as forthcoming as Zahur Bhai of the Shangbad, hardly ever said anything during a meeting. He looked totally lost...... Hashim (Babu) of the APP avoided me scrupulously despite my telephone calls. He would not even come to the cantonment to see me. Mainul of the Ittefaq, son of Manik Mian, was annoyed and dissatisfied with the treatment being meted out to highly respectable Bengalis like himself...... He thought the Bengalis were being treated even worse than third-class citizens. Inayatualh of the Holiday met me only briefly. Until only about a couple of months earlier he had been trying very hard to revive his weekly Holiday; but he would not even talk about it now. K.G. Mustafa, president of the Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists, was not around. There had been reports that he had defected. Badruddin, the Bihari editor of the Morning News, was also afraid...... Perhaps the most disturbing feature of the situation was the loss of confidence of the West Pakistani, mainly the civil bureaucracy, in the army.

......

A growing sense of isolation was talking root in the minds of the West Pakistani civilians. Every one of them would have given anything in the worlds ot get back to the West; they were convinced of the futility of it all. 240

......

One was forced to wonder about how long the army could hold on. The military was not professionally trained for counter- insurgency operations. They were up against a very different type of enemy—their own people, the guerrillas of the Mukti Bahini—the proverbial fish in a sea of humanity. The army’s brave posture was completely out of step with the real situation. It was aggravated by daily incidents of subversion and sabotage by the miscreants. Dhaka was an embattled city. The military was physically there but hardly in full command of the situation. The borders and the hinterland both were full of saboteurs. Many senior military officers were begining to finally realize the futility of the exercise. They felt abandoned and trapped. They had no rear, no sanctuary, in the event of a decisive military reverse (the word defeat, though uppermost in everyone’s mind, was never uttered).

Farman would unhesitatingly call the army an ‘occupation army.’ He told me that he had seen two armies of occupation in his life—the first was the US Army in Japan and the second was the Pakistan Army in East Pakistan—and that he would not like to see a third one. He, too, seemed to be suffering from a feeling of isolation from the martial law authorities.

......

Niazi seemed convinced that the war would be fought on the enemy soil, if only he could control the depredations of the Mukti Bahini.

......

Mujib was crucial to the success of any political move at that stage. He was as crucial alive as dead. Alive, he could resume his political leadership; dead, he would turn into a symbol of martyrdom. 241

......

At the airport I came across the commissioner of Dhaka, Alamdar Raza and the IG Police, Mehmood Chowdhry—both friends from West Pakistan. A forthright and outspoken man, the commissioner had a lot to say about the behaviour of young military officers, he thought that they had were totally out of control and their superiors were just not willing to listen to anything against them. He cited the case of some naval officers who were on a rape- spree. He personally reported the matter to the colonel in-charge of civil affairs.

‘What do you expect them to do in a situation like this- pray and count beads all the time?’ the colonel replied curtly.

‘Sir,’ the commissioner went on to say, ‘shall I take it that the boys are doing this with the approval of the authorities?’

‘You,’ the colonel shot back, ‘may take it the way you like. Now, what’s your next problem ?’

......

Dc‡ii eY©bv nB‡Z 1971 m‡bi †m‡Þ¤¦i gv‡m XvKvi Ae¯nv m¤¦‡Ü GKwU

†gvUvgywU wPÎ cvIqv hvq| †evSv hvq †h gyw³evwnbxi †Mwijv Avµg‡bi mb¥y‡L nvbv`vi evwnbxi exiZ¡ ax‡i ax‡i †jvc cvB‡ZwQj|

Newsweek Gi `„wó‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki ZLbKvi Ae¯’v wbæiƒc t

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL 112|civR‡qvb¥yL wbDRDBK 15 b‡f¤¦i, 1971

`wjjcÎ PZy`©k LÛ 14 c„t 251 NEWSWEEK, NOVEMBER 15, 1971 THE SUB-CONTINENT: A LOSING BATTLE 242

To assess the military situation in that sector, Newsweek’s Senior Editor Arnaud de Borchgrave flew last week to East Paksitan and cabled the following report : “Go anywhere you want, see for yourself,” Pakistan’s President Mohammed Yahya Khan told me...... Such thinking lays bare the fact that the Pakistani Army has only the dismest notion of guerrila warfare. For while the soldiers were clustered on the border, the Mukti Bahini seemed to have the run of East Pakistan. The government has attempted to combat the insurgents with “razakars,” local teen-age hoodlums raised to the status of a paramilitary force. But the razakars harm the government cause more than they help it. “They think they are God because they have guns,” one villager told me. They tell the people they have blanket power from the army “ to make life hell” for the revels, but they are as apt to terrorise a man who refuses to give them food or a girl who resists their lewd advances. Several times my car was stopped by two or three razakars at makeshift bridges- once with the barrel of a gun poking through the window. I was asked to pay a “toll.” Such tactics when applied against the populace, have turned most Bengalis into Mukti Bahini supporters: when I asked people whether they wanted to remain part of Pakistan or create a new state of Bangladesh, almost all answered, “Bangladesh.” Even some unlikely people expressed hope for an autonomous Bangladesh. At a ferry crossing on the outskirts of the capital city of Dacca, I asked a young man who worked for the government what he thought would be best for the people. “I am not alllowed to say,” he replied at first. But reassured that he would not be named, he mumbled in a low voice, “Bangladesh should be independent, of course. All of us feel that way.” And seemingly thousands do. For while green and white Pakistani flags flutter over even the most wretched huts, and peasants every where make a point of wearing sarongs and shirts in the national colours, several people whispered to me that they did so only to deceive the razakars into thinking they favoured the government. 243

Like the Americans in South Vietnam, the Pakistani command seems dangerously unaware of the real sentiments and loyaltics of the population. The official insistence that all was going well was reflected in the remarks of Gen. A.A.K. Niazi, the eastern sector commander. The revels were no serious problem-“ we have the razakars to take care of them.” the shelling from India’s troops massed just across the border was not a great threat-“ My men are not worried; as long as they are in their bunkers, they can relax, even play cards.,” And as for the report that Mukti Bahini leaders were calling on Bengalis to take their fight into the streets of Dacca, Niazi insisted that he would relish such a move. “ I wish they would do it,” he told me, “ My tanks are only a few miles from the city”. Then, referring to the repression of the Bangalis’ revolt last March he added, “They saw then what we can do –and we will do it again if need be.” What the general does not seem to appreciate is the steady deterioration of internal security and the degree of organisation of the Mukti Bahini. By last week, the government had lost control of 25 per cent of the police stations in East Pakistan. A number of district commissioners are tacitly co-operating with the guerrillas and much of the area north of Dacca itself is controlled outright by the Mukti Bahini. I personally was contacted by a Mukti Bahini representative within 30 minutes of checking into my hotel in Dacca-despite tight Police security. The rebels have established a disciplined network carefully organised into teams-some assigned to collect taxes and organise bank robberies others designated as saboteurs, still others coldly earmarked to be assassins.

The harsh truth about Bengali resistance are being concealed not only from the area’s civil governor, A.M. Malik, but from President Yahya himself. They are both convinced that the Pakistani Army is effectively and honourably fighting the guerrillas. Yet highly knowledgeable foreign observer accuses the soldiers of atrocities. Ostensibly in pursuit of a rebels, army troops, recently surrounded the village of Demora (where the

Mukti Bahini had never been), raped all the women between 12 and 35 244

and shot all the men order than 12. Only days later, Pakistani gunboats swept up the river at Chalna, sinking fishing boats and shooting the fishermen as they swam for safety. All this accomplishes to make resistance in East Pakistan more extreme, more dedicated than ever. The majority of the people are already anxious to break away from Pakistan, while army commanders-despite their public bravo-are beginning to realise that they are trapped in an unwinnable guerrilla war.

S) gyw³hy‡×i †kl ch©vq t

21/22 b‡f¤¦i nB‡Z gyw³ evwnbx evsjv‡`‡ki mKj AÂ‡j cÖPÛ Avµgb

Avi¤¢ K‡i| GKw`‡K nvbv`vi evwnbx wcQy nwU‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i Ab¨w`‡K gyw³‡dŠR ax‡i ax‡i †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i cÖ‡ek Kwi‡Z _v‡K|

23‡k b‡f¤¦i †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv cvwK¯—v‡b Ri“ix Ae¯nv †NvlYv K‡ib|

3iv wW‡m¤¦i weKvj †ejvq cvwK¯—vb wegvb evwnbx cwðg cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z fvi‡Zi wewfbœ ¯nv‡b †evgv el©Y Avi¤¢ K‡i| †mbv evwnbxI fvi‡Zi Af¨š—‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i|

H mgq Bw›`iv MvÜx KwjKvZvq GKwU mfvq fvlY `vb Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| Zwor w`wj− cÖZ¨veZ©b Kwiqv H iv‡ÎB wZwb †eZv‡i wbgœwjwLZ fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib|

(Bangladesh Documents Vol. II, UPL, Page-209) :

II. OFFICIAL STATEMENTS

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s broadcast to the Nation soon after midnight

December 3, 1971

I speak to you at a moment of grave peril to our country and to our people. Some hours ago, soon after 5-30 p.m. on December 3, Pakistan launched a full scale war against us. The Pakistani Air Force suddenly struck at our airfields in Amritsar, Pathankot, 245

Srinagar, Avantipur, Uttarlai, Jodhpur, Ambala and Agra. Their ground forces are shelling our defence positions in Sulaimanki, Khem Karan, Poonch and other sectors.

Since last March, we have borne the heaviest burden and withstook the greatest pressure, in a tremendous effort to urge the world to help in bringing about a peaceful solution and preventing the annihilation of an entire people, whose only crime was to vote for democracy. But the world ignored the basic causes and concerned itself only with certain repercussions. The situation was bound to deteriorate and the courageous band of freedom-fighters have been staking their all in defence of the values for which we also have struggled, and whcih are basic to our way of life.

Today, the war in Bangla Desh has become a war on India. This has imposed upon me, my Government and the people of India a great responsibility. We have no other option but to put our country on a war footing. Our brave officers and jawans are at their post mobilised for the defence of the country. An emergency has been declared for the whole of India. Every necessasry step is being taken, and we are prepared for all eventualities.

I have not doubt that it is the united will of our people that this wanton and unprovoked aggression should be decisively and finally repelled. In this resolve, the Government is assured of the full and unflinching support of all political parties and every Indian citizen. We must be prepared for a long period of hardship and sacrifice.

We are a peace loving people. But we know that peace cannot last if we do not guard our democracy and our way of life. So today, we fight not merely for territorial integrity but for the basis ideals which have given strength to this country and on which alone we can progress to a better future.

Aggression must be met, and the people of India will meet it with fortitude and determination and with discipline and utmost unity. Jai Hind ! 246

Bnvi ci ciB c~e©vÂ‡j hy‡×i MwZ ZxeªZi nq| fviZxq †mbv evwnbx I gyw³†dŠR `ye©vi MwZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨š—‡i wewfbœ iYv½‡b cvwK¯—vb

†mbvevvwnbx‡K chy©`¯— Kwi‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| BwZg‡a¨ fviZ 6B wW‡m¤¦i evsjv‡`k‡K

AvbyôvwbKfv‡e ivóªxq m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i|

12B wW‡m¤¦i Gi g‡a¨ fviZxq I gyw³evwnbbxi XvKv bMixi KvQvKvwQ

Ae¯nv‡b Pwjqv Av‡m| cvwK¯—vbx †Rbv‡ijMYI Dcjwä Kwi‡Z cv‡ib †h hy‡×

Zvnv‡`i civRq ZLb †Kej mg‡qi e¨vcvi|

T) eyw×Rxex nZ¨v t

GB mgq civRq wbwðZ Rvwbqv cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi mn‡hvMx Avj& e`i,

Avj& mvg&k, ivRvKvi evwnbx ev½vwj eyw×RxweMY‡K cwiKwíZ fv‡e VvÛv gv_vq nZ¨vi cwiKíbv K‡i| cwiKíbv Abymv‡i Zvnviv 12Ð14B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ 200Ð250 Rb eyw×RxweMY‡K Zvunv‡`i M„n nB‡Z AcniY c~e©K b„ksm fv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| wb‡æ Zvnv‡`i gvÎ K‡qKRb m¤¦‡Ü eY©bv Kiv nBj t

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjjcÎ 8g LÛ

c„t 620Ð 630

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL

nvbv`vi evwnbxi mn‡hvMx mvßvwnK wewPÎv 1973 AvjÐeì‡ì nZ¨vi wkKvi K‡qKRb RvZxq wè‡mi we‡kl msL¨v

‡kl w`b †kl K_v

Aa¨vcK gybxi †PŠayix

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 247

Ggb mgq bx‡P †_‡K Zvui †QvU fvB Ic‡i G‡m ej‡jb, gybxi fvB Avcbv‡K bx‡P WvK‡Q|

gybxi †PŠayix wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Avgvi bvg K‡i e‡j‡Q ?

n¨uv|

cvÄvex c‡i wZwb Av‡¯— Av‡¯— bx‡P †b‡g †M‡jb| gybxi †PŠayixi ¯¿x wjwj †PŠayix wKš‘ ZLbI AvZswKZ nbwb| Zvui m¦vgx‡K †KD †h a‡i wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i GK_vI Zvi g‡b nqwb| KviY hviv Zv‡K WvK‡Z G‡m‡Q mevB Kg eqmx, ev½vjx|

ZeyI wjwj †PŠayix wmuwo a‡i bx‡P bvg‡jb| †`L‡jb gybxi †PŠayix `vuwo‡q Av‡Qb bx‡P| Av‡m cv‡k e›`yK wb‡q K‡qKwU Aí eqmx †Q‡j| wZwb ïb‡jb, gybxi †PŠayix Zv‡`i GKRb‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, †Zvgv‡`i Awdmvi †Kv_vq?

GK_v ejvi mv‡_ mv‡_ GKwU †Q‡j Zvui wc‡Vi Kv‡Q e›`yK DuwP‡q ej‡jv, Av‡Q, Avcwb Pjyb| gybxi †PŠayix Av‡¯— Av‡¯— †nu‡U Zv‡`i mv‡_ P‡j †M‡jb| (c„t 620Ð621) |

Aa¨vcK †gvdv¾j nvq`vi †PŠayix

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

AvjÐe`i Ges ivRvKv‡iiv †PŠÏB wW‡m¤¦i wek¦we`¨vjq d¬v‡U Zvui †LvuR Ki‡jv| †cj bv| c‡i Zvui ZejxM cš’x PvK‡ii KvQ †_‡K gvwjev‡Mi wVKvbv †R‡b †mLv‡b wM‡q Dcw¯nZ n‡jv|

‡PŠÏB wW‡m¤¦i `ycy‡ii w`‡K AvjÐeìiv G‡m nvwRi n‡jv jyrdzj nvq`vi †PŠayixi evmvq| ìRvq Kov bvovi ci jyrdzj nvq`vi ìRv Ly‡j w`‡jb|

Ô‡gvdv¾j nvq`vi †PŠayix †Kv_vq ?Õ 248

ÔGLv‡bB Av‡Qb|Õ

ÔAvgv‡`i Awdmvi Zvui mv‡_ K_v ej‡eb, Zvu‡K GKUy †W‡K w`b|Õ

jyrdzj nvq`vi †W‡K w`‡jb| †gvdv¾j nvq`vi †PŠayixi mv‡_ Zvui ¯¿xI G‡jb evB‡ii N‡i| ¯¿x wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, ÔAvcbv‡`i Awdmvi †Kv_vq?Õ

ÔMvox‡Z Av‡Qb|Õ

ÔAvcbviv †h Zvu‡K wb‡Z G‡m‡Qb, Iqv‡i›U Av‡Q Avcbv‡`i mv‡_ ?Õ †gvdv¾j mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x wR‡Ám Ki‡jb|

ÔAv‡Q|Õ

ÔAvcbviv †Kv_vq wb‡q hv‡”Qb I‡K ?Õ †di Zvi ¯¿x wR‡Ám Ki‡jb|

ÔRvwb bv|Õ

Ôevt, GUv †Kgb K_v|Õ ¯¿x AevK n‡jb, fq †c‡jb| †gvdv¾j nvq`vi †PŠayix ZLb ej‡jb, ÔwVK Av‡Q Avwg Kvco c‡i †bB|Õ

GKRb AvjÐeì RIqve w`j, ÔAvcwb †Zv Avgv‡ì gv‡qi g‡Zv| Avcwb Avi KB hv‡eb| Avi Dwb †Zv Avgv‡ì m¨vi| Avgiv GLbB I‡K †diZ w`‡q hv‡ev|Õ

‡gvdv¾j nvq`vi †PŠayix ZLb nVvr ej‡jb, ÔAvwg PvwÆ †L‡q wb‡Z cvwi ?

ÔAvgv‡`i ILv‡b me e¨e¯nv Av‡Q| Avcwb Pjyb|Õ

wZwb ZLb Avevi nVvr ej‡jb, ÔNwoUv c‡i †bB ?Õ

Ôbv, bv, `iKvi †bB| Avcwb †Zv GLwb Avevi P‡j Avm‡eb|Õ

‡gvdv¾j nvq`vi †PŠayix †kl hvÎvi Rb¨ cv evov‡jb| cv evovevi Av‡Q ¯¿xi w`‡K ZvwK‡q ej‡jb, ÔAvwg †Zv Ab¨vq wKQy Kwiwb, Zywg Nveov‡”Qv †Kb ? Avwg GLbB P‡j Avm‡ev|Õ

Aa¨vcK Av‡bvqvi cvkv I

Aa¨vcK ivkx`yj nvmvb

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ 249

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

nu¨v|Õ

ÔAvcwb evB‡i Avmyb|Õ

Ggb mmgq Zv‡`i †PvL co‡jv ivkx`yj nvmv‡bi w`‡K| wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, ÔAvcbvi bvg ?Õ

Ôivkx`yj nvmvb|Õ

ÔAvcwbI Pjyb|Õ

‡mB mgq ivkx`yj nvmv‡bi ¯¿x G‡m ìRvi gy‡L `vuov‡jb| G `„k¨ †`‡L wZwb weg~p n‡q `vuuwo‡q iB‡jb| Av‡bvqvi cvkv Ges ivkx`yj nvmvb GKevi Zvi w`‡K ZvKv‡jb| †PvL Zvu‡ì Q‡jv Q‡jv| wKš‘ G‡Kev‡i wbðyc Zviv| Q‡jv Q‡jv †Pv‡L `yR‡b Av‡iKevi Zvui w`‡K (ivkx`yj nvmv‡bi ¯¿x) ZvwK‡q Av‡¯— Av‡¯— AvjÐeì‡ì mv‡_ cv evov‡jb| Av‡bvqvi cvkvi ¯¿x Rvbvjv w`‡q ïay †`L‡jb Zv‡ì Mv‡qi Pv`‡i Zv‡ì †PvL †eu‡a wb‡q hvIqv n‡”Q| (c„t 622Ð623)

Wt wmivRyj nK Lvb

14B wW‡m¤¦i Lye †fv‡i wZwb Nyg †_‡K D‡V bvgvR co‡jb| GKevi Ic‡i wb‡Ri d¬v‡U †M‡jb Zvici Avevi bx‡P †b‡g G‡jb| Ges †m mgq Zvi bR‡i co‡jv, GKUy `~‡i Avj e`i evwnbxi wKQy †jvK i“gvj w`‡q GK f`ª‡jv‡Ki †PvL evua‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb Ic‡i D‡V †M‡jb| mevB‡K ej‡jb, ÔIiv Avgv‡`i GjvKvq Xy‡K‡Q| †Zvgiv mveav‡b _v‡Kv|Õ

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

AvjÐe`i evwnbx Ici Zjvq Zvui d¬v‡U G‡m Xy‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, ÔGUv Wt wmivRyj n‡Ki evmv ?Õ

Ônu¨v|Õ

ÔwZwb †Kv_vq ?Õ

Ôbx‡P ‡M‡Qb|Õ 250

Ô‡Kvb wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK wZwb ?Õ

Ôwk¶vÐM‡elYv †K›`ª|Õ

Ônu¨v, Avgiv Zv‡KB LyuRwQ|Õ

GB e‡j Zviv Wt Lv‡bi fvB‡K wb‡q BmgvBj mv‡n‡ei WªBsi“‡g Dcw¯nZ n‡jv| Wt Lvb‡K Zvui bvg wR‡Ám Ki‡jv| Zvici Zvu‡K Ni †_‡K evB‡i G‡b, ZvuiB c‡K‡Ui i“gvj w`‡q Zvui †PvL †eu‡a A‡Pbv Mš—‡e¨i w`‡K wb‡q Pj‡jv| cwiev‡ii mevB ZvwK‡q iB‡jv weg~p n‡q| (c„ôvÐ623Ð624)

Wv³vi Avjxg †PŠayix

29 b¤¦i cyivbv cë‡bi †`vZjvq _vK‡Zb wgU‡dvW© nvmcvZv‡ji Wv³vi Avjxg †PŠayix| Zvi bx‡Pi Zjvq _vK‡Zb gIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb, bx‡Pi Zjvq Av‡M Wv³vi Avjx‡gi wK¬wbK wQj| wKš‘ gIjvbv mv‡ne GKevi wec‡` c‡o cÖv³b ¯úxKvi G,wU,Gg,gwZb‡K a‡i e‡mb AvkÖ‡qi R‡b¨| gwZb mv‡ne Avjxg mv‡ne‡K ej‡jb, Wv³vi †PŠayix, wK¬wbK DwV‡q gIjvbv‡K AvkÖq w`b|

15 wW‡m¤¦i XvKvq ZLb fviZxq wegvb n‡iv`‡g †evgv el©Y Ki‡Q|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ev_i“g †_‡K wZwb †ewi‡q‡Qb, Ggb mgq Kwjs †ej †e‡R DV‡jv|

¯¿x ej‡jb, Ô‡evanq Avgv‡`i evmvqB Avwg© G‡m‡Q| wK Ki‡ev GLb ?Õ

Wvt †PŠayix nVvr weg~p n‡q †M‡jb| wK Ki‡eb ey‡S DV‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e ej‡jb, I, G‡m‡Q, Zv `iRv Ly‡j `vI| 251

GK_v e‡jB wZwb bx‡P bvgvi D‡`¨vM wb‡jb| Wvt †PŠayixi gv ZLb e‡j DV‡jb, ÔAv‡i †Kv_vq hv‡”Qv ?Õ

wZwb ej‡jb, Ôbx‡P, gIjvbvi Kv‡Q KviY gIjvbv e‡jwQj, G ai‡Yi †Kvb e¨vcvi NU‡j †hb Zv‡K Lei †`qv nq|

wZwb †di Dc‡i IVvi Rb¨ cv evov‡jb| Ggb mgq Avje`‡ii Av‡`k Ôn¨vÛm Avc, Avgv‡`i mv‡_ Gevi Pjyb|Õ

ÔwK e¨vcvi †Kv_vq hv‡ev ?Õ

cÖk− Ki‡jb Wvt †PŠayix|

ÔAvgv‡`i mv‡_ Pjyb|Õ

Ôc¨v›UUv c‡i Avwm|

‡Kvb `iKvi †bB|Õ

Avje`iiv Zvu‡K wN‡i ai‡jv| Av‡¯— Av‡¯— wZwb gvB‡µvev‡mi w`‡K AMªmi n‡jb| (c„t 625Ð627)|

knx`yj−vn Kvqmvi

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

PvKi‡K wZwb i“wU evbvevi K_v e‡j‡Qb Ggb mgq `‡ivRvq av°v| wgwjUvix G‡m‡Q|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

Avjeìiv Gw`‡K ìRv av°v‡”Q| wZwb ej‡jb ìRv Ly‡j `vI| 252

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

c`©vi KvQ †_‡K knx`yj−vn Kvqmvi mvg‡b G‡m `vuuov‡jb| wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, ÔAvcbviv Kv‡K Pvb ?Õ

Avcbvi bvg wK ?Õ Zviv cvëv wR‡Ám Ki‡jv| knx`yj−v Kvqmvi|Õ

m‡½ m‡½ Zviv Zvui nvZ ai‡jv| ÔAvcbvi mv‡_ K_v Av‡Q|Õ e‡j Zviv Zvu‡K eviv›`vq wb‡q G‡jv|

Gw`‡K evmv Ry‡o ‰nÐ‰P PxrKvi Avje`iiv Zvu‡K †U‡b wnuP‡o wb‡q hv‡”Q|

wmivRDwÏb †nv‡mb

wmivRDwÏb †nv‡mb wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb L¨vZbvgv mvsevw`K| B‡Ëdv‡Ki Ôg‡Â †bc‡_¨Õ KjvgwU wZwbB wjL‡Zb|

1971 m‡bi 11B wW‡m¤¦i †fvi 2Ð45 wgwb‡U cvwK¯—vbx ‰mb¨‡`i wb‡Ï©‡k GK`j D`y©fvlx †jvK Zvu‡K Zvui evmv †_‡K AcniY K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| wmivRDwÏb †nv‡m‡bi g„Z‡`‡ni †Kvb †LvuR cvIqv hvqwb| (c„t 629)|

wMqvm DÏxb Avn‡g`

14 wW‡m¤¦i, g½jevi| XvKv kn‡i ZLb Pj‡Q GKUvbv KviwdD| mKvj mv‡o mvZUv| GKUv gvB‡µvevm G‡m ùvovj n‡ji nvDm wUDUi‡ì evmvi mvg‡b| evm †_‡K mk¯¿ 3/4 Rb †jvK †b‡g `vuovj| Zviv wQj BDwbdg© civ| Zv‡ì `yBRb G‡m cÖ_‡g bxPZjvq cwimsL¨vb wefv‡Mi eRjyj nK mv‡n‡ei evmvq Zj−vkx Pvjvq| Gi ci Zviv Dci Zjvq Avgv‡ì ìRvq AvNvZ Ki‡Z _v‡K Avgvi m¦vgx (Rbve b~i“j nK miKvix PvKz‡i) ìRv Ly‡j †`b| GKRb e›`yK nv‡Z Kvj gy‡Lvk civ Zvui ey‡Ki mv‡_ e›`yK jvwM‡q wR‡Ám Kij, wMqvmDÏxb †K ? Dwb e‡j−b, evmvq †bB, n‡ji Kv‡R †M‡Qb| †jvK `y‡Uv ZLb e‡j−v, Avcwb Pjyb| Avgv‡ì mv‡_, Zvu‡K Ly‡R †ei K‡i †`‡eb| Avgiv _vKZvg AvwRgcyi K‡jvYx‡Z| 253

K‡jvYx‡Z wgwjUvix Avmvq fvBÐGi evmvq Avgiv P‡j Avwm| Avgvi m¦vgx Zv‡`i ej− Avgiv GLv‡b bZyb G‡mwQ, n‡ji †Kvb wKQy Rvwbbv| Zviv ej− wfZ‡i Pjyb, GLv‡b wMqvmDwÏb mv‡ne _vK‡Zb| fvB Gi Kvgivq G‡m Iiv mg¯— i“g ZQbQ K‡i w`‡q †Mj| N‡i Avgvi GK gvgv‡Zv fvB wQj, cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq c‡o, I‡K wb‡q PjjÐ n‡j fvB‡K Lyu‡R w`‡Z| n‡j wM‡q Zviv `v‡ivqvb‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, wMqvm mv‡ne †Kv_vq ? Zviv ej−, n‡ji †cQ‡Y cvwbi cv¤c wVK Ki‡Qb| ZvovZvwo †mLv‡b wM‡q fvB‡K a‡i wb‡q Gj| mvg‡b cov GKRb `v‡ivqv‡bi KvQ †_‡K GKUv MvgQv wQwb‡q wb‡q †PvL †eu‡a Zvu‡K wb‡q Pjj| ev‡m DVvi Av‡M fvB gvgv‡Zv fvBwU‡K ej‡jb ÔÔbyi“‡K ewjm †Uwj‡dvb Ki‡Z|ÕÕ ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Z wM‡q KvbœvÐ‡fRv K‡Ú K_v¸‡jv ejwQ‡jb Aa¨vcK wMqvmDwÏb mv‡n‡ei †evb|

U) cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©b I weRq w`em t

cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©‡bi Ae¨ewnZ c~‡e© MfY©‡ii evmf~wg I XvKv kn‡ii wPÎ XvKvq Aew¯nZ RvwZms‡Ni kiYv_©x welqK Kg©KZ©v Rb †Kjxi wb‡æv³ cÖwZ‡e`b nB‡Z cvIqv hvq t

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL

AvZ¥mgc©‡bi Av‡M `Lj`vi evwnbxi G¨vW‡fv‡KU Avwgbyj 8gvP©, 1972| †emvgwiK miKv‡ii c`Z¨vM I †m mg‡qi nK| cwi¯nwZ m¤ú‡K© RvwZms‡Ni kiYv_x© welqK Kg©KZ©v Rb †Kjxi GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b| `wjjcÎt mßg LÛ c„t 649Ð555

THREE DAYS IN DACCA 1971 by Jhon R. Kelly

This is a personal accound of some of the events which occurred in Dacca on 14, 15 and 16 December 1971. It in no way involves the Organization of which I am a member, and is written simply as a personal recollection of some of the events surrounding the birth of Bangladesh. My own involvement in the events stated when I was assigned in August to Dacca by the United Nations High Commissigner for Refugees, Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, to assist here in any problems restrain assignment, and as this is a non-political account, I am not putting down any comments on that aspect here 254

and will sayd that, perhaps because I am an Irishman, I felt great sympathy for the Bengali people and wish onwy to see them enjoy a happy, prosperous and peaceful future. When hostilities broke out at the beginning of December it was quite clear that activities concerning refugees were at an end for the duration. The Assistant Secretary-General fo the United Nations was in over-all charge fo the United Nations Relief Operation, Mr. Paul Marc Henry, a redoubtable Frenchman and an inspiratinn to us all, happened to be in Dacca for a short visit when hostilities broke out and trpped him here. He naturally assumbed over-all charge of the whole UN group, and asked me to undertake liaison with the military and governmental authorities, which involved many matters which, I would stress, were all purely humanitrian in purpose with the sole aim of saving lives and alleviating suffering. This note, however, deals only with some of the events of the last three days of the hostilities of December 1971.

Thursday 14, December On the morning of 14 December Dr. A. M. Mallik, then Governnor of East Pakitan, telephone me at the Inter-Continental Hotel where I was living and asked if I and Mr. Peter Wheeler, also of UN, could go around an see him at Governor’s House about his own situation. I had met Dr. Malik many times in my functins both as UNHCR Representative in Dacca and also during the war period when I was doing military and Governmental liaison. By this time the course of the war was obvious. The front was crumbling and from within Dacca the situation seemed very similar to Berlin in early 1945. When Peter Wheeler and myself went to see Dr. Malik at Governor’s House he was in a Cabinet meeting but came out and led us to his ADC’s Office. He asked for personal advice on his own situation. I told him I thought he and his Ministers were in grave and imminent danger of being killed and that unless he sought refuge in the Neutral Zone at the Iner-Continental Hotel immediately he probably would not survive the night. However, in order to gain admission to the Neutral Zone they would have resign from all 255

official functions. He said that his Cabinet was at that moment considering whether or not to resign but they were reluctant to do so. He himself felt that he should not resign as, he said, in the eyes of history it would look like desertion if he resigned at that moment. He then asked if he could send his wife and daughter to the Neutral Zone. I replied that although his wife and daughter would certainly be admitted to the Neutral Zone at the Hotel Inter-Continental , this would not active his purpose the Hotel was full of journalists and they would say that Dr. Malik had so lost confidence in the future that he was sending his family into safety and they would then ask when he himself was coming. At that moment Governor’s House shook violently under several heavey explosions. It was clear that the building had come under direct attack from the Indian Air Force and Peter Wheeler and myself immediatley left, jumping over the balustrade, and I took shelter under a jeep about five yards away. There were about six Indian planes which made two strikes each on the building with rockets and then followed up with cannon. Duirng the first part of this attack Muzaffar Hussain, then Chief Secretary, emerged looking very pale and we exchaged wan salutations. As the strikes on Governor’s House continued, I ran to a trench about 20 yards away which was already full of soliders and lay on top of them. All this time I kept a running commentrary on the action over my handset radio (“walkie talkie”) to Paul Marc Henry at the UN location. General Farman Ali ran past, also looking for shelter” and said to me as he passed : “Why are the Indians doing this to us ?” Under the circumstances, as the Indian aircraft were continuting to attack the building some 20 yards away with rocket and cannonfire, it dod not seem a suitable occasion to engage in a discussion and I let General Farman carry on to find his own shelter. The sound of the attacks were deafening but eventullay they stopped and I got into my car, picked up Peter Wheeler, and returned to the UN location. At the UN Location I informed Mr. Paul-Mare Henry of what had happended and met there Mr. Gavin young of “The Observer.” Gavin Young told me, with a confidence which was subsequently proven very mistaken, that it would be at leaset an hour before the 256

Indian Air Force could return as they would have to go back to India to refuel and reload. He suggested that we return to Governor’s House to see what had happended there. I agreed, and drove Gavin Young in my car back to Governor’s House. We were met there by the Military Secretary who informed us that Dr. Malik and his Cabinet had taken shelter in a bunker in the grounds of the left of the Governor’s House. He took us there and we found Dr. Malik and his Cabinet looking very shaken but still undecided whether to resign or not. I told them that I thought that they were not only in danger of being killed by irregulars, and they could not depend on their guards, but the Indian Air Force itself had now made a direct attack on their lives. At that moment the Indian Air Force made a second devastating attack on Governor’s House. Gavin Young had unfortunately been wrong in his estimate of the time for their return. The bunker is not a very safe bunker and it is above ground and we did not know whether or not the Indian Air Force knew of it existence. Certainly, a direct hit would have wiped it out. The aircraft continued to make Ministers then drew up a letter of resignation to the President of Pakistan which was singed by Dr. Malik and all the Ministers present. Dr. Malik then withdrew to an inner room in the bunker where his wife and daughter were waiting, washed himself, knelt and said his prayers. The ex-Governor and the ex-Ministers moved a little later that day to the Neutral Zone in the Inter-Continental Hotel. It seems clear that the collapse of the whole civil Government of East Pakistan on 14 December must have provided a severe shock to those directing the war on the Pakistan side and brought home to them the seriousness of the situation. It may well be that the collective resignation of the whoel East Pakistan Government thus shortened the war by one or more days. Wednesday, 15 December Early on the morning of 15 December Dr. Malik came to me in the Inter-Continental Hotel to say that in between his resignation as Governor and his departure from Governor’s House on 14 December 257

he had received a telegram from President Yahya. So far as I know, this is the first time President Yahya authorized a cease-fire. Dr. Malik said he had been unable to contact General Niazi concerning President Yahya’s instructions : “You should now take me all necessary measures to stop the fighting,” and he asked me for assistance. In order to save further loss of life, and in a personal capacity, I agreed to help. I then contacted Colonel Gaffur, the Pakistan Army Liaison Officer (in civilian clothes) in the Neutral Zone, and the three of us then went to my room where we telephoned General Niazi. Dr. Malik asked General Niazi what action he had taken on the President’s instruction; and General Niazi replied that he would like to discuss this with Dr. Malik and invited him to leave the Hotel and go to the Cantonment to discuss the matter. I advised Dr. Malik that if he left the Neutral Zone he would no longer have any protection and that under the circumstances of his resignation the day before and its likely effect, it might be dangerous for him to do so; I suggested that, instead, he invited General Niazi to come to the Hotel, but said he would send General Farman around to represent him at such a meeting. General Farman duly came around to the Hotel. As a foreigner, and in any case I was acting privately and in no way as an intermediary, I withdrew from the discussion of such an internal nature and Dr. Malik, General Farman and Colonel Gaffur conferred together. Subsequently, they invited me back, and showed me the following proposals they had drawn up and which General Farman was taking to General Niazi for approval and transmission to President Yahya. “To bring an end to loss of further human lives and destruction we are willing to, under honourable conditions : a. Cease fire and stop all hostilities immediately in East Pakistan; b. Hand over peacefully the administration of East Pakistan as arranged by the U.N.; c. The UN should ensure : 258

(i) Safety and security of all armed personnel of both military and para-military forces of Pakistan pending their return to West Pakistan. (ii) safety of all West Pakistani personnel-civillian and civil servants pending their return to West Pakistan; (iii)safety of all non-locals settled in East Pakistan since 1947.” (iv) gurantee of no reprisals against those who helped and served the Government and cause of Pakistan since March 1971.”

General Farman undertook to return to the Neutral Zone later that day and let us knew the reactions of General Niazi and President Yahya to their proposals. General Farman did return about 2100 hours and informed us that, althogh General Niazi had approved these proposals, Islamabad had rejected them on item (b) “to hand over the administration of East Pakistan.” Thus ended yet another attempt at a cease-fire in the hostilites. Thursday, 16 December

Early on the morning of 16 December we learned of the ultimatum by the Indian Army to the Pakistan Army in East Pakistan to surrender by 0930 hours Dacca time that morning. Colonel Gaffur, Dr. Malik, Dr. Sven Lampell of the League of Red Cross Seocieties and myself all made desparate efforts to contact Pakistan Army, Head quarters by telephone from the Hotel but were uable to get any contact. Having myself participated in the Second World War in North Africa and Europe as an infantry Officer in the British Army I am only too well aware of the appalling loss of life and destruction which an all-out attack on Dacca would entail. Colonel Gaffur told us that he knew that the Pakistan Army Communications Centre had been destroyed by the Indian air attacks the day before and he was not sure, firstly, whether General Niazi accepted the ultimatum and, secondly, whether the Pakistan Army had been able to inform the Indian Army whether or not they accepted the ultimatum. The Indian Air Force was already circling over Dacca, presumable in preparation for attack, and we knew that the Indian Army was gethering strength in the suburbs, also presumable in 259

order to launch an overwhelming artillery and infantry assault. I might add that we were subsequently told by Indian officers when they entered Dacca that the Indian Forces really meant business, if the ultimatum had not been accepted they really would have made an annihilating assault on Dacca. It was desperately urgent to save the city and, about 0830 hours, Colonel Gaffur, Mr. Lampell and myself decided to leave the Neutral Zone and drive to the Cantonment to find out from General Niazi what was happending and whether he had been able to get into contact with the Indian Army. On the way to the Cantonment I informed Mr. Paul-Marc Henry at the UN location by my handset radio what we were doing, and he put the UN radio signallers in Dacca and New Delhi on the altert to stand-by for a possible extremely important message. After some delay we were brought to the Command Bunker, but General Niazi was not to be seen. However, we found General Farman in the Bunkder-an obvious prime target looking ashen- faced and completely broken. Staring into space, he gave the impression of having given up everything. He informed me that he was authorized to speak for the whole Pakistan Army in East Pakistan and that they had agreed to accept the Indian ultimatum. He also confirmed that as their Communication Centre had been destroyed they had not been able to infrom the Indian Army of their acceptance of the ultimatum. I asked General Farman whether, purely as a channel of communications, he wished me to convey by the UN radio network the acceptance by the Pakistan Army of the Indian ultimatum. General Farman replied in the affirmative, so I led him outside the bunkder in order to enable my handset radio to work and contacted Paul-Mare Nenry at the UN location. I then gave the message in General Farman’s presence to Paul-Marc Henry, and General Farman added two further points : First, to request the Indian Army for a six hour extension to the truce because of the breakdown in the Pakistan Army’ communications, second, to invite the Indian Army to send party of staff officers to discuss further arrangements, if possible by helicopter to Dacca Airport, where they would have 260

safe conduct and proper courtesies. I duly passed the whole message by my radio to Paul-Mare Henry who in turn had it transmitted immediately to New Delhi. The time was 0920 hours.

Colonel Gaffur, Mr. Lampell and myself then left the bunker area, with the Indian Air Force still circling overhead. However, the message got through to the Indian Command in time, and the threatened onslaught on Dacca did not take place. Dacca : 8 March 1972.

c„t 649Ð655|

26‡k gvP© evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i gvbwP‡Î GKwU m¦vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivóª wnmv‡e

AvZ¥Ð cÖKvk K‡i| m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvi Aciv‡a cvwK¯—v‡bi mvgwiK Rvš—v evsjv‡`‡k c„w_exi BwZnv‡m bMœZg MYnZ¨v me©cÖKvi AZ¨vPvi wbcxob Avi¤¢

KiZt †deªyqvwi RvwZ‡K wbt‡kl Kwi‡Z Avi¤¢ KwiqvwQj| GB Amnbxq Ae¯’vq

†deªyqvwi RvwZ i“wLqv `uvovq|

16B wW‡m¤¦i wØMweRqx cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx fviZxq I evsjv‡`k †hŠ_ evwnbxi wbKU wbtkZ© fv‡e AvZ¥mgc©b K‡i| weª‡MwWqvi G Avi wmwÏKxi cy¯—K nB‡Z cÖvß cvwK¯—vb miKv‡ii Zvr¶wbK cÖwZwµqv wQj wbæiƒc (East Pakistan t

The Endgame, P.209) :

“16 December dawned on a doleful, funereal note for

Pakistan. Foreign networks, mainly the BBC , the villain of the piece, had even announced the details of the surrender parade scheduled for that afternoon .Communication between the GHQ and the Eastern Command, extremely erratic since 11 December , had been totally cut off. No one knew as to when, how and who, might have accepted unconditional surrender.

Until about 4 p.m. on 16 December, we were still at sixes and sevens about the accuracy of the news and how to break it officially. Gul Hassan was not available, so I contacted Major General 261

Shaukat Riza, deputy chief of the general staff. ‘We must catch the 5 p.m. news bulletin’, I urged. Shaukat agreed , suggesting that we should go to the information secretary and seek his views.

We drove to his Chaklala office to find him and his senior officers in a huddle, looking utterly confused. He had been in constant touch with the foreign secretary, Sultan Mohammad Khan, who, in turn, had little to add to what we had all heard over the BBC. We phoned the military secretary to the president, Major General Ishaque, hoping to have a word with the president. Ishaque brusquely told us that the ‘old man’ had just retired to catch a wink of sleep and could not be disturbed. That left nothing for us to do, except to put our heads together, and produce a 26-word draft as follows:

Under an arrangement between the commanders of India and Pakistan in the eastern theatre, Indian troops have entered Dhaka and fighting has ceased in East Pakistan.

So that was the end of the burlesque, which began at midnight on 25-26 March 1971, ending on the afternoon of 16 December 1971. A reprieve of full nine months- long enough to correct the course-had been cold-bloodedly cussedly wasted away.”

16B wW‡m¤¦i NUbv m¤ú‡K© ®§„wZPviY K‡i Kv‡`i wmwÏKx e‡jb (`wjjcÎ t beg LÛ, c„t647) t

Kv‡`i evwnbxi MVb I hy× ZrciZvÐ2 \ Avgvi cwiPq †c‡q wbqvRx ZovK K‡i `vuwo‡q Avgv‡K m¨vjyU Ki‡jv| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

16B wW‡m¤¦i mKv‡j †gRi †Rbv‡ij bvMiv I Kv‡`i wmwÏKx GKwU

†nwjKÞv‡i G‡m mvfviMvgx mo‡K gxicyi eªx‡Ri cieZx© eªx‡Ri Kv‡Q bvg‡jb| m‡½ i‡q‡Qb weª‡MwWqvi †K¬qvi| ejwQ‡jb Kv‡`i wmwÏKx t weª‡MwWqvi †K¬qvi U½x

Awfgy‡L GwM‡q hvIqv evwnbxi AwabvqKZ¡ KiwQ‡jb| mvfviMvgx evwnbxi

AaxbvqKZ¡ KiwQ‡jb weª‡MwWqvi mvbZ wms| †nwjKÞvi †_‡K †b‡g †gRi †Rbv‡ij 262

bvMiv ‡Rbv‡ij wbqvRxi Kv‡Q GKwU wPwV wjL‡jb| Zv‡Z wZwb wbqvRx‡K wjL‡jb,

Avwg AgyK RvqMvq i‡qwQ| Zywg AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡e wKbv RvbvI Ges DIi `vI| fviZxq evwnbxi GKRb †gRi‡K evnK K‡i wPwV cvVvb n‡jv| Zvi mv‡_ i‡q‡Q fviZxq evwnbxi wZbRb RIqvb I c_ †Pbvevi R‡b¨ GKRb gyw³‡hv×v| `yÕwU Rxc

†Rbv‡ij bvMiv‡K m¨vjyU Kij| ZLb bvMiv ej‡jbÐï‡bv wmwÏKx, nvg‡Kv m¨vjyU

K‡iMv †Zv nvg †jMv AvDi Zyg †jMv| nvg‡jvM‡`v GK mv_ Avqv n¨vq|Ô Rvg‡k`

G‡m Zvi wb‡Ri wifjfvi I gv_vi †dŠwR Uywc Zy‡j w`j evwnbxi mwb¥wjZ Kv‡Q

AvZœmgc©‡Yi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e| wifjfviwU cÖnY Ki‡jb †gRi †Rbv‡ij bvMiv Ges

Uywc Zy‡j †`qv n‡jv Avgvi nv‡Z| †Rbv‡ij bvMiv ZLb Avgv‡K ej‡jb, Av‡i wmwÏKx, K¨v‡givg¨vb n¨vq? B‡q‡Zv wnw÷ª eb hv‡q‡Mv| wKš— `yf©vM¨ †m mg‡q †Kvb

K¨v‡givg¨vb †mLv‡b wQj bv| †gRi †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k` hLb AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡jv,

ZLb mKvj `kUv|Õ

Kv‡`i wmwÏKx ej‡jb, ÔAvgiv wVK Kijvg †h, †Rbv‡ij wbqvRxi m‡½ mivmwi K_v ej‡Z n‡e| gxicyi eªx‡Ri Gcv‡i GjvgÐ‡Rbv‡ij bvMiv, weª‡MwWqvi

†K¬qvi, weª‡MwWqvi mvbZ wms I Avwg| Gjvg cvK evwnbxi Mvox‡Z †P‡c| iv¯—vq cÖniviZ cvK evwnbx Avgv‡`i m¨vjyU VyK‡Q| Avgv‡`i evwnbx c‡o iB‡j ‡cQ‡b|

Gcv‡i G‡m GK RvqMvq †Uwj‡dvb Ki‡Z wM‡q ‡`wL †Kvb kã †bB| †Uwj‡dvb

†WW| jvBb KvUÐAvc| Gjvg ‡gvnvg¥`cyi| wbqvRx‡K †Uwj‡dvb Kiv n‡jvt wKš—

†Kvb mvov†bB, wis n‡”Q bv| ZLb †Rbv‡ij bvMiv ej‡jb t Db †jvK PvjvwK wKqv|

‡havi hvZvû IaviB jvBb †bnx n¨vq|Õ ZLb mKvj cÖvq †mvqv `kUv †cwi‡qQ|

†Rbv‡ij bvMiv ZLb fve‡Qb †hÐAvgvi K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U hv‡ev wK hv‡ev bv| hvIqvUv wK wVK n‡e| Avwg ejjvg, hLb G‡mB c‡owQ ZLb hv‡evB| Zvici `kUv Pwj−k wgwb‡U

cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡”Qb, B‡q n¨vq weª‡MwWqvi †K¬qvi, B‡q n¨vq weª‡MwWqvi mvbZ wms,

AvDi B‡q n¨vq evsjv‡`k gyw³evwnbxKv Kv‡`i wmwÏKx| wbqvRx ZovK K‡i D‡V

`uvwo‡q Avgv‡K m¨vjyU Ki‡jv ...... | (c„t 647Ð648)|

16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—vb evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©b Abyôvb Ges Hw`‡bi cÖvi¤¢ nB‡Z wewfbœ NUbv m¤c‡K© Rvbv hvq Lt. General JFR Jacob Gi cy¯—K nB‡Z

(Surrender of Dacca, Birth of a Nation, Page 140-147) :

I was met by the Chief of Staff of the Pakistani Eastern Command, Brig Baqar Siddiqui. Present also was the United Nations representative at Dacca. He had offered his good offices in negotiating with the Pakistani Army but I had no intention of involving the United Nations as I could see no role for them in this situation.

......

Gen Niazi received me in his office. Present at the discussions were Maj Gen Rao Farman Ali, who dealt with civil affairs, Maj Gen Jamshed, Rear Adm Shariff, the Naval Chief, Air Cmdre Imam, the Air Force Cmdre and Brig Baqar Siddiqui. Maj Gen G C Nagra, who had taken over from Gurbax Gill when he was wounded at Jamalpur, had arrived a little earlier.

......

I returned to Niazi’s office and Col Khara read out the terms of surrender. There was dead silence in the room, as tears streamed down Niazi’s cheeks. The others in the room became fidgety. They had expected the document to be on the lines of the proposals they had handed over on 14 December to Spivack, which envisioned a cease fire and evacuation under arrangements of the UN. Farman Ali objected to surrendering to the Indian and Bangladesh forces. Niazi said that what I was asking him to sign was unconditional surrender when we were drafting the instrument of surrender we had tried to word it in such a manner that it would not be offensive...... I asked him if the document was acceptable. He handed it back to me without comment. I 264

took this as acceptance. We then discussed with Niazi the modalities of the surrender......

At around 1630 hours the Army Commander and his entourage arrived in a fleet of five Mi4 and four Alloutte helicopters. Niazi and I went to receive them. The Army Commander accompanied by Mrs. Aurora alighted. Air Marshal Dewan, Vice Adm Krishsnan, Lt Gen Sagat Singh, the Divisional Commanders of IV Corps and Wing Cmdr Khondkar also deplaned, Osmani, however, was not to be seen Niazi, Lt. Gen Aurora and Air Marshal Dewan proceeded to the car. I had planned to travel in this car but I had to make way for Mrs. Aurora, who took her place by the side of her husband. The car then drove off I hitched a ride to the Race Course. Though there had been very little time for preparation, the ceremony went off reasonably well. After Inspecting the guard of honour Aurora and Niazi proceeded to the table. The surrender documents brought with Aurora were placed on the table. Niazi glanced through them curiously and signed. Aurora signed. I took a careful look at the documents and was aghast to see the heading-which read ‘Instrument of Surrender- To Be Signed at 1631 Hours 1st (Indian Standard Time)’ I looked at my watch. It showed a time of 1655 hours. Niazi then undid his epaulette and removed his .38 revolver with attached lanyard and handed it over to Aurora. There were tears in his eyes. It was getting dark. The crowd on the Race Course started shouting anti Niazi and anti-Pakistani slogans and abuses. We were concerned about Niazi’s safety, therebeing hardly any troops available at the Race Course. We senior officers formed a cordon around Niazi and escorted him to an Indian Army jeep. I briefed Sagat Singh regarding disarming of the Pakistanis and maintainance of law and order and the movement of the prisoners of war to India. We then returned to the Dacca airfield to take off for Agartala. While we were waiting, Rear Adm Shariff of Pakistan Navy, who had earlier obtained my permission, came to see off Adm Krishnan. The latter asked him to give him his pistol. Shariff removed it from his holster and handed it to Krishnan. We then took off by helicopter for Agartala. (Page 140-147).

......

...... 265

cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi bq gvm `Lj AZ¨vPvi Gi cÖavb †nvZv me †P‡q

N„wYZ †h `yBRb †Rbv‡ij Zvnvi GKRb nB‡Z‡Q Lt. General A.A.K. Niazi evsjv‡`‡k wZwbB nvbv`vi evwnbxi cÖavb †mbvcwZ wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvnvi wjwLZ ÔThe

(c„t 232Ð235) :

Surrender

General Manekshaw had informed us that an Indian team would be coming to Dhaka to finalize surrender arrangements. The helicopter hovered over Dhaka Airport, the heavy blades churning in the air like the arms of a giant windmill, and soon settled down. Major-General Jacob, Chief of Staff, Indian Eastern Command, alighted with his team from the helicopter. Brigadier Baqir Siddiqui, the Pakistani COS, after receiving them at the airport escorted them to HQ Eastern Command. The Indian team had come to discuss and negotiate the terms and conditions for the cessation of hostilities. They had brought a draft of the surrender document. The preliminary discussions between Jacob and Baqir, the two Chiefs of Staff were carried out in Baqir’s office. After the presentation of the proposal, Baqir discussed the issue with me. I asked Baqir to call Generals Jamshed and Forman and Admiral Sharif, the senior Pakistani Army and Naval officers present at Headquarters. The Indian delegation blackmailed us with the threat that, if their conditions were not agreed to, they would hand over the local loyal population, and our civilian officers who had taken refuge in the Intercontinental Hotel, to the Mukti Bahini forces, who would massacre them. Despite our objections to the use of the phrase ‘Joint Command of India and Bangladesh’, and to the place and manner of surrender, in the circumstances we were forced to comply.

Among the Generals, Farman’s demeanour underwent a dramatic change. The guilt and weakness he had displyed during the hours of crisis seemed to disperse. The despair and anguish visible in his eyes and actions dissipated. His having been a Military Adviser to five Governors, coupled with his participation in the drastic military action on 25 March, had aroused the animosity and seething anger of the Bengalis, who wanted to punish him for his alleged crimes against them. He was blamed for the massacre of intellectuals although here too the case has been a little overstated because some of the Bengalis named therein are still alive. Thus encased in a cocoon of fear, he wanted to escape. The Bengalis had vowed vengeance at any price. 266

After some discussion, the senior Pakistani officers agreed to accept the Indian proposal, so I called the Indian team to my office......

......

The surrender ceremony took place on 16 December, 1971. Major-General Farman and Admiral Sharif witnessed the ceremony. As I signed the document with trembling hands, sorrow rose from my heart to my eyes, brimming them with unshed tears of despair and frustration. Before the ceremony, a French reporter came to me and said, ‘How are you feeling, Tiger?’ I replied, ‘Depressed.’

......

...... GB NUbv wek¦L¨vZ GKwU bvU‡Ki K_v Avgv‡`i g‡b KivBqv †`q t

ÔÔBut man, proud man,

Drest in a little brief authority,

Most ignorant of what he’s most assured.

His glassy essence, like an angry ape,

Plays such fantastic tricks before high heaven

As make the angels weep”

1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Dc‡iv³fv†e cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i| AvZ¥mgc©Y `wjjwU wbæiƒc (Bangladesh

Documents, Vol. II, UPL, P-550):

INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER

December 16, 1971.

The Pakistan Eastern Command agree to surrender all Pakistan Armed Forces in Bangla Desh to Lieutenant-General Jagjit Singh Aurora, General Officer Commanding in Chief of the Indian and Bangla Desh forces in the Eastern Theatre. This surrender includes all Pakistan land, air and naval forces as also all paramilitary forces and civil armed forces. These forces will lay down their arms and surrender at the places where they are currently 267

located to the nearest regular troops under the command of Lieutenant-General Jagjit Singh Aurora.

The Pakistan Eastern Command shall come under the orders of Lieutenant-General Jagjit Singh Aurora as soon as this instrument has been signed. Disobedience of orders will be regarded as a breach of the surrender terms and will be dealt with in accordance with in accepted laws and usages of war. The decision of Lieutenant-General Jagjit Singh Aurora will be final, should any doubt arise as to the meaning or interpretation of the surrender terms.

Lieutenant-General Jagjit Singh Aurora gives a solemn assurance that personnel who surrender shall be treated with dignity and respect that soldiers are entitled to in accordance with the provisiosns of the Geneva Convention and guarantees the safety and well-being of all Pakistan military and para-military forces who surrender. Protection will be provided to foreign nationals, ethnic minorities and personnel of West Pakistan origin by the forces under the command of Lieutenant-General Jagjit Singh Aurora.

(Sd.) JAGJIT SINGH (Sd.) A.A.K. NIAZI

(Jagjit Singh Aurora) (Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi)

Lieutenant-General Lieutenant-General

General Officer Commanding In Martial Law Administrator Zone Chief B

Indian and Bangla Desh Forces in and Commander

The Eastern Theatre Eastern Command (Pakistan)

th 16th December,1971. 16 December,1971

GBfv‡eB evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³ †dŠR weRq wQbvBqv Av‡b Ges Avgiv evOvwjiv kZ †e`bvi g‡a¨I m¦vaxbfv‡e m¤¢eZ BwZnv‡m cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ gv_v DuPy Kwiqv

`vuovB‡Z cvwiqvwQ|

GB i³mœvZ m¦vaxb evsjv‡`k‡K ‰mq` kvgmyj nK hLb Awfev`b Rvbvb

ZLb wZwb evOvwj‡`iB ý`‡qi K_v e‡jb t 268

ÔÔ†Zvgv‡K Awfev`b, evsjv‡`k,

Zywg wd‡i G‡mQ †Zvgvi gvbwP‡Îi †fZ‡i

hvi Ici w`‡q e‡q hv‡”Q †Zik b`xi aviv;

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

‡Zvgv‡K Awfev`b, evsjv‡`k,

hvi Av‡jvq GLb iwÄZ n‡q D‡V‡Q mvnmx eØxc;

†Zvgv‡K Awfev`b, evsjv‡`k,

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÕÕ

1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡Li fvlY t

AZtci, 1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvix Zvwi‡L cÖ`Ë evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi fvlY|

‡MªU weª‡U‡bi ivRKxq wegvb evwnbxi GKwU K‡gU wegvb 1972 m‡bi 10B

Rvbyqvix wØcÖn‡i XvKv kn‡ii AvKv‡k cÖvq 45 wgwbU hveZ PµvKv‡i Nywiqv wegvb e›`‡i AeZib K‡i| wegvb e›`‡i AMwbZ gvby‡li Xj| mK‡j Awai AvMª‡n

DrKÚvq A‡c¶gvb| Ae‡k‡l wegvb nB‡Z AeZiY Kwi‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’cwZ

RvwZi wcZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb| †ZRMvuI wegvb e›`i nB‡Z igbv †im‡Kvm© ch©š— 5 wK‡jvwgUvi c_ †cŠ©uQvB‡Z `yB N›Uv mgq jvwMqvwQj| †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wZwb GK fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib| †mB w`bKvi NUbvejx m¤¦‡Ü msev`cÎ¸wj wek` weeiY cÖ`vb K‡i|

26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi GKwU `j e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb†K †MªdZvi Kwiqv K¨v›Ub‡g†›U jBqv hvq| †MªdZv‡ii wKQy c~‡e© wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv K‡ib | 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L BBC wbgœwjwLZ msev` cÖPvi K‡i (`wjjcÎ t PZ~`©k LÛ, c„ t 451) t 269

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL

26.3.71 A.43 2200 PAKISTAN-ONE

Extensive fighting is reported from East Pakistan following moves by President Yahya Khan to restore his government’s authority and reports from India that Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman has declared the province independent. The American Consul-General in Dacca, the eastern capital, said that tanks were being used to put down disturbances there. Earlier reports from India-some quoting a clandestine radio in East Pakistan said fierce fighting had broken out in many places. East Bengali army units were said to have joined police and armed civilians in clashed with army units from West Pakistan. There have been no reports direct from East Pakistan. President Yahya Khan announed his moves in a strongly worded broadcast in which he accused Sheikh Mujib of treason, and banned his majority party in the Awami League which had virtually taken control of East Pakistan. He also announced a ban on allpolitical activity in Pakistan and complete censorship of the press.

Para One : RW 2100 (When US new) fighting detail from 2030; Yahya snaps from 1520; Ind. from1650.

†Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv KivPx nB‡Z cÖ`Ë GK †eZvi fvl‡Y †kL gywRe‡K †`k‡`ªvnx

AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib Ges AvIqvgx jxM‡K wPiZ‡i †eAvBbx †NvlYv K‡ib|

‡kL gywRe RbM‡Yi GKRb mnRvZ ‡bZv wQ‡jb| KwjKvZv¯’ Bmjvwgqv

cvwK¯—vb m„wói ci 1948 m‡b AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM cÖwZwôZ nB‡j †kL gywRe Bnvi Ab¨Zg hyM¥ m¤cv`K wbhy³ nb| 1955 m‡bi 23†k Ryb GK mfvq c~e©e‡½i m¦vqZ¡ kvm‡bi `vex me© cÖ_g Zvunvi K‡ÚB aŸwbZ nq| 2q MYcwil‡` wbe©vwPZ nBevi ci cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡b wZwb Ab¨vb¨ `vexi mwnZ c~e© e‡½i m¦vqZ¡ kvmb, hy³ wbe©vPb c×wZ, cÖ¯—vweZ East Pakistan bv‡gi cwie‡Z© GB cÖ‡`‡ki bvg Bengal bvg Ki‡Yi Rb¨ †Rvi `vex RvbvB‡Z _v‡Kb t

“ Sir, you will see that they want to place the words “East Pakistan” instead of “East Bengal”. We have demanded so many times that you should make it Bengal (Pakistan). The word “Bengal” has a history, has a tradition of its own. You can change it only after the people have been consulted...... ÕÕ (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë) evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjjcÎ, cÖ_g LÛ c„ôv 431)

1955 m‡bi 22†k A‡±vei Zvwi‡L AbywôZ KvDwÝj Awa‡ek‡b †kL gywRe

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤cv`K wbhy³ nb| H Awa‡ek‡bB ÔAvIqvgx gymwjg jxMÕ Gi bvg nB‡Z ÔgymwjgÕ kãwU ev` w`qv RvwZ ag© wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji Rb¨ D³

`j AevwiZ Kiv nq|

1958 m‡bi A‡±vei gv‡m cvwK¯—v‡b gvk©vj j Rvix Kiv nB‡j †kL gywRemn AvIqvgx jx‡Mi kZ kZ †bZv Kg©x‡K †MªdZvi Kwiqv AK_¨ wbh©vZb

Pvjvb nq|

ÔÔ†mvbvi evsjvi fvB‡qiv Avgvi! m¦vaxbZvi 17 eQi c‡i Avevi RbM‡Yi m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMªv‡g bvg‡Z n‡eÐ 17 eQi c‡i Avevi ‡fv‡Ui AwaKv‡ii Rb¨ msMªvg Ki‡Z n‡eÐ 17 eQi c‡i Avevi ivRe›`x‡`i gyw³i Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z n‡eÐ GK_v †Kvb w`b fvwewb| wbR †`‡k wb‡R‡`i miKv‡ii wei“‡×I weªwUk Avg‡ji gZ RbM‡Yi m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMªvg Ki‡Z n‡e fve‡j gb Avgvi wkD‡i I‡V|ÕÕ

wZwb Zvunvi e³„„Zv †kl K‡ib GB fv‡e t 271

ÔÔfvBme, Kvj Avgvi †`k‡`ÖvwnZvi gvgjvi w`b| Avmvgxi KvV Movq wM‡q `vuovevi c~e© gyû‡Z© cë‡bi GB Rbmgy‡`Öi gv‡S †h AvkvÐ fimv Avi `y`©gbxq cÖvYv‡e‡Mi ewnt cÖKvk †`‡L †Mjvg, ZvB Avgv‡ì AvMvgx w`‡bi GKgvÎ m¤¦j, GKgvÎ cv‡_q| GB cv‡_q hv‡ì Av‡Q †Kvb kw³B Zv‡ì MwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| RbM‡Yi cÖvYewýi mg¥~‡L bgi“`Ð †divDb hLb †U‡K bvB, ZLb j¶‡KvwU wbibœ eyfy¶yi †µvavb‡ji mg¥~‡L G‡`‡ki ¶gZvmxbivI wUK‡e bv|ÕÕ

c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ c~b© m¦vqË¡ kvmb `vex m¤¦wjZ 6 `dv Kg©m~Px †kL gywRe 1966 m‡bi ‡deªyqvwi gv‡m †NvlYv K‡ib| 1952 m‡bi fvlv Av‡›`vjb †hgb wQj Avgv‡`i m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi cÖ_g †mvcvb, †Zgwb 6 `dv Kg©m~Px wQj Bnvi wØZxq †mvcvb| wKš‘ AvBqye Lvb 6 `dv `vexi Reve A‡mªi fvlvq w`evi †NvlYv

†`b| †kL gywR‡ei wei“‡× gvgjvi ci gvgjv `v‡qi nB‡Z _v‡K Ges wZwb cÖvq cÖwZwU †Rjvq µgvMZ †MªdZvi nB‡Z _v‡Kb| AZcit Zvnvi wei“‡× AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv nq hvnvi weeiY Dc‡i cÖ`vb Kiv nBqv‡Q|

K‡ib|

6B wW‡m¤¦‡ii ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvi 1g c„ôvq wbæwjwLZ msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

AZtci, G cÖ‡`‡ki bvg nB‡e Ôevsjv ‡`kÕ

ÔÔAvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingvb MZKvj (ïµevi) XvKvq †Nvlbv K‡ib †h, GLb nB‡Z cvwK¯—v‡bi c~e©vÂjxq cÖ‡`kwUi bvg nB‡e c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi cwie‡Z© ïay gvÎ Ôevsjv ‡`kÕ| XvKv nvB‡KvU© cÖv½‡Y ‡mvnivIqv`x© I †k‡i evsjvi gvRvi cÖv½‡Y †mvnivIqv`x© m¥i‡Y Av‡qvwRZ GK Av‡jvPbv mfvq e³„ZvKv‡j †kL mv‡ne e‡jb, GK mgq G †`‡ki eyK nB‡Z gvbwP‡Îi c„ôv nB‡Z ÔevsjvÕ K_vwUi me©‡kl wPýUyKzI wPiZ‡i gywQqv †djvi †Póv Kiv nBqv‡Q| wZwb e‡jb, GKgvÎ ÔÔe‡½vcmvMiÕÕ , Qvov Avi †Kvb wKQyi bv‡gi m‡½ ÔevsjvÕ K_vwUi Aw¯—Z¡ LyuwRqv cvIqv hvq bvB| AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb e‡jb, evsjv 272

I ev½vjxi Awemsevw`Z MYbvqK knx` †mvnivI`x© I †k‡i evsjvi cÖwZ I AgvR©bxq AeÁv cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q| e³„Zv g‡Âi AbwZ`~‡i wPiwb`Övq kvwqZ †bZ„Ø‡qi gvRv‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z Kwiqv †kL gywRe e‡jb, evsjvi GB `yB K…Zx mš—vb AvR Amnv‡qi gZ Avgv‡`i gy‡Li w`‡K ZvKvBqv Av‡Qb| GB `yB †bZvi gvRv‡ii cv‡k©¦ `uvovBqv RbM‡Yi c¶ nB‡Z Avwg †Nvlbv Kwi‡ZwQÐAvR nB‡Z cvwK¯—v‡bi c~e©vÂjxq cÖ‡`kwUi bvg nB‡e c~e© cvwK¯— v‡bi cwie‡Z© ïaygvÎ Ôevsjv †`kÕ| mg‡eZ †kÖvZ„gÛjx wecyj KiZvwj I nl©aŸwb mnKv‡i †bZvi GB †NvlYvi cÖwZ Awf›`b Ávcb K‡ib|ÕÕ

1971 m‡b 26†k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi GKwU `j †kL gywRe‡K Zuvnvi evm feb nB‡Z †MªdZvi K‡i| Zrci Zuvnv‡K KivPx †cÖiY Kiv nq Ges cvwK¯—v‡bi wei“‡× loh‡š¿i Awf‡hv‡M Zuvnvi wei“‡× we‡kl mvgwiK

Av`vj‡Z wePvi Avi¤¢ Kiv nq| †kL gywRe cÖwZev‡` Zuvnvi c‡¶ AvBbRxwe wb‡qvM cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib|

BnviB avivevwnKZvq 3iv AMv÷, 1971, Zvwi‡L Pakistan Television

Corporation G cÖ`Ë GK mv¶vrKv‡i †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb e‡jb :

“President Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan has said that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, leader of the defunct Awami League, would be put on trial. He said Sheikh Mujib was arrested for committing acts of treason and he would be dealt with under the law of the land...... The President, who was asked what would be the fate of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, said that the leader of the defunct Awami League had deviated from his electoral campaign in which he demanded autonomy for East Pakistan. President Yahya said that after Sheikh Mujib got the mandate, he and a coterie of his people deviated from that aim and wanted secession. In other words, he said Sheikh Mujibur Rahman had committed “acts of treason, acts of open rebellion” and incited armed rebellion against the State.” ...... “How would you treat your criminal”, he posed a question to the foreign news media representatives present at the interview. (The DAWN, Karachi-August 5, 1971 273

(Bangladesh Document, Vo.II UPL Page 21). (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

GB cUf~wgKvq Bw›`iv MvÜx 8B AMv÷ Zvwi‡L we‡k¦i mKj ivóª cÖav‡bi wbKU wbæwjwLZ Av‡e`b Rvbvb t

MESSAGE FROM PRIME MINISTER INDIRA GANDHI TO HEADS OF GOVERNMENTS August 8, 1971.

Government and people of India, as well as our Press and Parliament, are greatly perturbed by the reported statement of President Yahya Khan that he is going to start secret military trial of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman without affording him any foreign legal assistance. We apprehend that this so-called trial will be used only as a cover to execute Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. This will aggravate the situation in East Bengal and will create a serious situation in India because of the strong feelings of our people and all political parties. Hence our grave anxiety. We appeal to you to exercise your influence with President Yahya Khan to take a realistic view in the larger interest of the peace and stability of this region. (Bangladesh Documents, Vol. II , UPL Page 28). (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

“ Government view with grave concern press reports of President Yahya Khan’s statement that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman would be “court martialled”, and that he could not say whether or not the Sheikh would be alive when the so-called Pakistan National Assembly meets. President Yahya Khan himself had, in one of his earlier statements, referred to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as “the future Prime Minister of Pakistan”. As the leader of the Awami League Party which won 167 of the 169 seats to the National Assembly from Bangla Desh and thus had a clear majority of votes in the National Assembly of Pakistan, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman held a unique position as the acknowledged leader not only of East Pakistan, but of the whole of Pakistan. What happened after the 25th of March this year is known to the whole world. The denial of the verdict of the people and letting loose of military oppression and trampling of the fundamental human rights of the people of Bangla Desh stand self-condemned. Instead of respecting the verdict of the 274

people and acknowledging Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as the elected and undisputed leader of Bangla Desh, the Pakistan Government has launched a reign of terror and carried out a calculated plan of genocide, the like of which has not been seen in recent times. To stage a farcical trial against Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is a gross violation of human rights and deserves to be condemned by the whole world.” (Bangladesh Documents Vol. II, Page 28-29)

H GKB 9B AMv÷ Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—vb miKvi wbæwjwLZ GKwU †cÖm wiwjR cÖ`vb K‡i t

Trial For “ Waging War Against Pakistan” Official Press Note August 9, 1971. “ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President of the defunct Awami League, will be tried by a Special Military Court for “waging war against Pakistan”and other offences, a Press Note issued by the Headquarters of the Chief Martial Law Administrator said to day (August 9). The trial will commence on August 11 in camera and its proceedings will be secret, the Press Note said. (THE DAWN, Karachi- August,10,1971) (Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II, UPL Page 21-22).

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

BwZg‡a¨ RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPemn mgMª wek¦ mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z †kL gywR‡ei

AMv÷ GKwU †bvU& cvwK¯—vb miKvi‡K cÖ`vb K‡ib|

†j‡L t

ÔÔThe Secretary General of the United Nations, U-Thant, has warned that the secret trial for treason against Mujibur Rahman, absolute leader of East Pakistan can lead towards more serious consequences than the hurricane which devasted East Bengal last November and the subsequent cholera epidemic. International observers agree with U-Thant. The 98 per cent gained by the Awami League in the last elections is an element they have taken into consideration to make their comments. 275

.... In the meantime, Yahya KhanÕs administration refuses to reveal even the place where Rahman is being sued. Their information only says that the trial is taking place “in some place in Pakistan”. (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë) (Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II, UPL Page 34 ).

‡R‡bfv¯’ International Commission of Jurists 17B AMv÷ Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi wbKU wbæwjwLZ †UwjMªvg †cÖiY K‡ib t

“ President Yahya Khan, President’s House Rawalpindi.

World opinion is most apprehensive that military tribunal will sentence Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to death. Should this happen, International Commission of Jurists respectfully urges your Excellency to show clemency, strength and wisdom by commuting sentence to prevent further escalations of violence, terror and suffering. MACDERMOT. Secretary-General (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë) (Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II, UPL Page 29-30).

‡njwmswK¯’ World Peace Council mwPevjq 20‡k AMv÷ wbæwjwLZ e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡i t

Appeal by the Secretariat, World Peace Council, Helsinki, to the Government of Pakistan. In complete defiance of all norms of human behaviour, and in utter disregard of world-wide public opinion, the Government of Yahya Khan in Pakistan is putting to trial Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the chosen leader of the people of East Pakistan (Bangla Desh). The trial is being held secretly, and no one knows what is being perpetrated by the militarist rulers of Pakistan. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman allegedly is being tried for “waging war against Pakistan”. This, in fact, is a terminology taken over from British imperialist rulers of India in the old colonial days when hundreds of Indian patriots and freedom-fighters were tried, but not in secret, for “waging war against the King-Emperor,” and hanged. In this, as in all their other actions of massacre and pillage, the Yahya Khan dictatorship has revealed itself to the world as imitators of imperialists and autocrats who have nothing but contempt for the people. The only fault of Sheikh 276

Mujibur Rahman, who also fought against British alien rulers of India while Yahya Khan and his henchmen were loyally serving the British masters, is that the people of Bangla Desh gave his party 167 seats out of 169 in the first –ever general election held in Pakistan. (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë) (Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II, UPL Page 3o).

eb¯’ Der Spiegel Bnvi 30‡k AMv‡÷i cÖwZ‡e`‡b †kL gywR‡ei †Mvcb wePvi m¤¦‡Ü cvwK¯—vb mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ kwd‡K D×„wZ Kwiqv e‡j t

A West-Pakistani military tribunal is deciding secretly the fate of the political leader of East Pakistan, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Judge Shafi knows it already;: “Of course he shall be sentenced to death.” ...... Pakistan’s Head of State, Yahya Khan, anticipated the Judgment. When a representative of the World Bank, Mr. Cargill, requested for a reprieve, the General declaimed: “ This person is guilty of high treason, he should come to the gallows. (Av‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë) (Bangladesh Documents, Vol. II, UPL P-35)

“Questioned about the trial of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, leader of the Awami League in East Pakisntan, Mr. Shahi said his trial started August 11 and should be over in another two weeks. He said Sheikh Mujib had been charged with waging war against the State and incitement to rebellion and violence.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë) (Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II, UPL Page 23).

14B †m‡Þ¤¦i, 1971 Zvwi‡Li The Guardian, London cwÎKvq wbæwjwLZ msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

“Mr. Bottomley, Britain’s former Secretary of State for the Commonwealth, urged Governments to put pressure on Pakistan to release Sheikh Mujibur Rahman when a conference of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association opened here today (Kuala Lampur, Septempber 13). 277

He said Sheikh Mujib was the only person who could speak for the people of East Pakistan. He also gave a warning that there would soon be a famine there in which hundreds of thousands would die.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë) (Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II , UPL Page 31-32).

“ The International Conference on Bangla Desh at its meeting today (September 18, 1971) in New Delhi :- Condemns the trial in secret by a Pakistan Military Tribunal of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the beloved and undisputed leader of Bangladesh Desh and the embodiment of the aspirations of its people, on charges of “treason” for leading his party, the Awami League, to overwhelming victory in the first ever General Elections held in Pakistan in December 1970; Appeals to the world public opinion and governments to bring pressure on the military Government of Pakistan to desist from this grave violation of all canons and laws governing civil liberties and human freedom recognised in all civilised communities; and Urges the immediate and unconditional release of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and other democratically elected representatives of Bangla Desh.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë) (Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II, UPL Page 32).

29‡k A‡±vei 1971 Zvwi‡Li The Times of India cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq t

“ The Austrian Chancellor, Dr. Bruno Kreisky, has deplored the detention of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman by the West Pakistan military junta and said that “no democratic party in Europe will tolerate it.” ......

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II, UPL Page 33).

we‡kl †R‡j †kL gywRe‡K †Kvb †iwWI ev msev`cÎ †`Iqv nBZ bv| Zuvnvi

Zvnvi c‡iI Zvunv‡K nZ¨vi cwiKíbv Kiv nBqvwQj wKš‘ †RBji Bnv eywS‡Z cvwiqv wb‡Ri evmfe‡b Zvunv‡K ¯nvbvš—i Kwiqv Zvunvi Rxeb i¶v K‡i|

cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z gyw³i c~‡e© GKwU confederation AvKv‡i evsjv‡`k I cvwK¯—vb ivóª GKÎ ivwLqv Zuvnv‡K †cÖwm‡W›U c‡` _vwKevi Rb¨I cÖPÛ Pv‡c ivLv nq| †mB mgq hw`I cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©b, evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv AR©b, wek¦ cwiw¯nwZ, GB mKj NUbv m¤¦‡Ü wZwb wKQyB Rvwb‡Zb bv ZeyI wZwb e›`x`kvq me© cÖKvi gvbwmK Pv‡ci gy‡LI bZ nb bvB Ges fy‡Ævi †Kvb cÖ¯—veB wZwb MÖnY K‡ib bvB|

1972 m‡bi 8B Rvbyqvwi Zvunv‡K gyw³ cÖ`vb Kwiqv jÛb †cÖiY Kiv nq| hw`I hy³ivR¨ ZLbI evsjv‡`k‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e ivóªxq m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i bvB

ZeyI hy³ivR¨ miKvi Zvunv‡K ivóª cÖav‡bi gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i| hy³iv‡R¨i cÖavbgš¿x GW&IqvW© nx_ Zvunvi AvMg‡bi Lei cÖvß nBqv `ª“Z jÛ‡b wdwiqv

Av‡mb Ges 10 bs WvDwbs óxªU& Gi evmfe‡b Zvunv‡K Dò Af¨_©bv Ávcb K‡ib| we‡ivax `jxq †bZv n¨viì DBjmb †nv‡U‡j wMqv Zvunvi mwnZ mv¶vr K‡ib| hy³ivR¨ miKvi ivRKxq wegvb evwnbxi GKwU we‡kl wegvb†hv‡M Zvunvi B”Qv

Abymv‡i Zvunv‡K cÖ_‡g w`j−x Zrci XvKvq †cuŠQvBevi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|

10B Rvbyqvix mKvj †ejvq wZwb w`j−x cvjvg wegvb e›`‡i †cŠQvB‡j fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZ Ges cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx Zvunv‡K m¦vMZ Rvbvb| w`j−x wegvb e›`‡i †kL gywRe‡K cÖvYXvjv m¤¦a©bv cÖ`vb Kiv nBqvwQj Zvnvi wKQyUv weeiY 11B

Rvbyqvixi The Indian Express cwÎKv nB‡Z cvIqv (Bangladesh Documents Vol. II

UPL, Page 604) :

A WELCOME DELHI WILL REMEMBER 279

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President of Bangladesh, was given a joyous welcome when he arrived in the Capital (New Delhi) today (January 10) on his way to Dacca. The Sheikh, looking slightly weary after his journey from Nicosia, was greeted with full-throated cries of “Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Zindabad” and “Long live Mujib” as he climbed down the steps from the RAF aircraft which brought him here (New Delhi). As the Royal Air Force Comet, gleaming in the morning sun, glided on the tarmac at the Technical Area of Delhi Airport, an air of hushed expectancy descended upon the place. For four long minutes, between the time the Comet came to a stop and the moment when the Sheikh set his foot on Indian soil, craning heads in colourful shamianas waited impatiently to see the figure who had swept himself into the hearts of the people. Chairs in enclosures were forgotten, only to be remembered later when VIPs realised that standing on them would give a better view. The Bangaldesh Foreign Minister, Mr. Abdus Samad, entered the plane and remained inside for a few minutes. The moment came. And the Sheikh, clad in a dark grey suit and black overcoat, climbed down the steps from the aircraft. The cold morning breeze ruffled his hair as he waved his hands to acknowledge the strident cheers which greeted him. A 21-gun salute boomed as the Sheikh was hugged by the President, Mr. V.V. Giri, and warmly welcomed by the Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. A battery of photographers, drating from place to place to get a good picture, clicked their cameras incessantly as the Sheikh greeted Ministeres and other VIPs. After the initial exchange of greetigns, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman inspected a gurard of honour presented to him by the three services before moving to the VIP pandal where he was showered with Marigold petals. The national anthem of Bangla Desh, “Amar Sonar Bangla,” was played the moment the Sheikh took position on the saluting base. It was followed by the Indian national anthem “Jana Gana Mana.” The flages of the two countries flanking the pandal fluttered in the air. 280

The Sheikh was then intorduced to a large number of members from the diplomatic corps, Exuding a quiet charming simplicity, he mixed easily with the diplomats and stopped every now and then to talk to some of them. In the enclousers, there was total confusion as people hopped from chair to chair to get a glimpse of the Sheikh. And every now and then, a single, piercing cry of “Sheikh Mujib Zindabad” rent the air as a spectator, overcome with emotion, screamed his adoration for the father figure of Bangla Desh. At the Parade Ground of Delhi Cantonment, where the Sheikh addressed a public meeting, people milled around to get a better look of him. And when he entered the six-door Mercedes Benz which was to take him to Rashtrapati Bhavan, wild crowds almost surrounded the car in a vain attempt to shake his hand. Earlier, overnight, Delhi had prepared a gay welcome for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Floral arches were set up on roads at several places from the Parade Ground to Rashtrapati Bhavan. Banners reading “Long live the Creator of Bangla Desh” and “Long live the Liberator of Bangla Desh” were also flying. The arches were decorated with potted plants in flower pots and with portraits of the Sheikh. And on the side of the road, some iron frames covered with leaves had also been erected. A large number of people lined the route from Parade Ground to Rashtrapati Bhavan in spite of the bitter cold. And as the motorcade cruised towards Rashtrapati Bhavan, persons from all walks of life cheered the Bangla Desh leader. (THE INDIAN EXPRESS, New Delhi—January 11,1972)

w`j−x wegvb e›`‡i fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZ †kL gywRe†K m¦vMZ RvbvBqv e‡jb

(Bangladesh Documents Vol.II, UPL P.605) :

PRESIDENT V.V. GIRI’S SPEECH WELCOMING SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN AT PALAM AIRPORT, NEW DELHI January 10, 1972

It gives me great joy and pleasure to welcome Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahamn to our country. This is an event whcih my government and the people of India have looked forward to. 281

You are the embodiment of the undying spirit of suffering and sacrifice in the cause of human liberty and human freedom. The emergence of independent Bangla Desh is itself a unique event in the annals of democratic movements in world history. Your have truly been acclaimed the Father of the new Nation, Bangla Desh. The trust and devotion of the 75 million people of Bangla Desh reposed in you, have led to the birth of Sonar Bangla, and we have no doubt that it will come to occupy a pride of place in the comity of nations.

‡kL gywRe Zvunvi cÖwZDË‡i fviZ miKvi I fviZ evmx‡K ab¨ev` RvbvBqv e‡jb (Bangladesh Documents Vol.II, UPL P.605) :

SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN’S SPEECH IN REPLY TO PRESIDENT GIRI’S ADDRESS OF WELCOME January 10, 1972

For me, this is a most gratifying moment. I have decided to stop over in this hostoric Capital of your great country on my way back to Bangla Desh. For this is the least I can do to pay personal triute to the best friends of my people, the people of India and this Government under the leadership of your magnificent Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi. (Cheers). She is not only a leader of men, but also of mankind. You all have worked so untiringly and sacrificed so gallantly in making this journey possible—this journey from darkness to light; from captivity to freedom; from desolation to hope. I am at last going back to Sonar Bangla, the land of my dreams, after a period of nine months. In these nine months, my people have traversed centurices. When I was taken away from my people, they wept. When I was held in captivity, they fought. And now that I go back to them, they are victorious. I go back to join my people in the tremendous tasks that now lie ahead in turning victory into a road of peace, progress and prosperity. I go back not with any hatred in my heart for anyone, but with the satisfaction that truth has at last triumphed over 282

falsehood, sanity over instanity, courage over cowardice, justice over injustice, good over evil. Joi Bangla, Jai Hind.

AZtci, †kL gywRe bqvw`j−x‡Z wekvj GK Rbmgv‡e‡k fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib (Bangladesh Documents Vol.II, UPL P.606) :

PRIME MINISTER INDIRA GANDHI’S SPEECH AT PUBLIC MEETING AT NEW DELHI TO WELCOME SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN January 10, 1972

Wecoming the President of Bangla Desh, Mrs. Indira Gandhi said that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman had promised freedom to his people and given it to them. India had taken a pledge to free Bangla Desh, free Mujib and finally send the refugees to their homes and hearths. “We have also kept our promise”, she added. Mrs. Gandhi said now that the Bangabandhu was returning home, it was her firm belief that secularism and democracy will prosper under his guidance. She added, even when Mujibur Rahman was in a Pakistani jail, the young men of Bangla Desh were drawing inspiration from him to fight the military regime of Pakistan. It was due to his insspiration that people of Bangla Desh were able to fight so gallantly. The Prime Minister said it was a red-letter day in the history of Bangla Desh. The Sheikh was returning to his country, his people and his family, and, at home a great challenge awaits him –the reconstruction of Bangla Desh. Mrs. Gandhi spoke briefly as she did not want to stand between the Sheikh and the large number of people who had gathered at the Parade Ground to hear him.

(THE INDIAN EXPRESS, New Delhi—January, 11, 1972)

SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN’S SPEECH AT PUBLIC MEETING, NEW DELHI January 10, 1972 In a voice charged with emotion, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman told the huge gathering “Bangla Desh and its people will never forget your Prime Minister, your Government and your brave armed forces and your common people who have extended all sympathies and support to their sufferings and struggle”. 283

The Sheikh, dressed in a grey suit and a dark brown overcoat, drove to the grounds accompanied by the Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, immediately after he was accorded a ceremonial reception at Delhi Airport. Speaking in Bengali, the Bangabandhu said never in the history of man had such brutalities been perpetrated as the Pakistanis had done in Bangla Desh. He said that he believed in the ideals of secularism, demoracy, freedom of man and peace in the world. As he was overwhelmed by emotion, the Bangabandhu said he could not help this for he never knew that he would live to go back to his “Sonar Bangla”. The Pakistan army had killed one million people of Bangla Desh India had looked after ten million people who had been forced out of Bangla Desh. His first words of address were: “Shrimati Indira Gandhi, ladies and gentlemen present”. Wave after wave of applause greeted the Bangabandhu as he rose to address the mammoth gathering. He said that he was returning to his people, a free but sad people. He had lost a large number of his friends, who had been slaughtered by the Pakistani army, whose homes had been burnt and their honour taken away. He repeatedly spoke of the unity of feelings between the people of Bangla Desh and of India, in their ideals and beliefs. He hoped that his country. Sonar Bangla, would prosper amid undying friendship betwen the two countries. He said India had fed 10 million people of Bangla Desh despite its own problems. “I know this”. Till two days ago, he was a prisoner and did not know whether he would be free and be able to go back to Bangla Desh and see his people and “fulfil my hope”. Sheikh Mujib said great tasks lay ahead of him on his return to Bangla Desh. He said he could never forged the help given by the Indian armed forces for the liberation of Bangla Desh. Never before in the history of freedom 284

struggles had any nation paid so colossal a price for freedom as the people of Bangla Desh had done. He ended his speech with a shout of “Jai Hind”. Mrs. Gandhi then joined him by hailing “Jai Bangla”. (U.N.I.—January 10, 1972.”

10B Rvbyqvixi wØcÖni †cŠ‡b `yBUvi mgq evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ XvKv wegvb e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib| Zvunv‡K m¦vMZ RvbvBevi Rb¨ j¶vwaK RbZv mKvj nB‡ZB

Documents II, UPL Page 611-613) :

SHEIKH MUJIB HOME: 500,000 GIVE HIM ROUSING WELCOME DACCA, BANGLA DESH January 10 –Sheikh Mujibur Rahman received a tumultuous, triumphant welcome today from a crowd of half a million Bengalis as he returned to his native land for the first time since he was arrested nine months ago. The exultant crowd showered Sheikh Mjjib with flowers and chanted “Joi Bangla !” (“Victory for Bengal!”) as their leader stepped from the British Royal Air Force Comet jet that had brought him from New Delhi. Sheikh Mujib, looking tired but elated by this reception, later said at an enormous rally at the Dacca Race Course. “My life’s goal has been fulfilled. My Bengal is independent”. His voice broke with emotion. Despite an appeal by West Pakistan to retrain some ties, he said, “the unity of the country is ended”.

He greets diplomats Wiping flower petals from his head, Sheikh Mujib inspected an honor guard of the army, navy and air force of Bangla Desh, the nation proclaimed by his followers in East Pakistan last month after India helped them wrest the region from Pakistan. Sheikh Mujib greeted the members of the Dacca displomatic corps, though only India and Bhutan have recognized Bangla Desh and have official Representatives here. 285

The American Consul-General, Herbert D. Spivack, bowed sightly as he shook hands with the Bengali leader, saying. “Welcome back to Dacca” Sheikh Mujib smiled broadly and replied, “Thank you very much”. Mr. Spivack said that he had been invited in his personal capacity and that his attendance did not have any political significance. Bengali-American relations are poor. Sheikh Mujib’s wife Fajilotdun did not attend today’s ceremonies, reportedly because she was on the point of nervous exhaustion and was barely able to speak. Unit his release early Saturday, Sheikh Mujib had been under detention in West Pakistan, where he had been charged with treason. Standing in the bright sunlight today, Sheikh Mujib appealed to his vast audience not to seek revenge for the three million Bengalis he said had been murdered by the Pakistani Army during their nine month drive to suppress the Bengali secession movement he led. “Forgive them !” he shouted to the crowd. “Today I do not want revenge from anybody ! There should not be any more killing !” “The Bengal that will eat, smile, sing and be happy is my Bengal. Everyone in Bengal is now a Bengali and we must live together”, he said. His appeal was thought to be directed to the problem of the two million Biharis, the non-Bengali immigrants from India who had sided with the Pakistani army. Bengali officials estimated that half a million people were at the race course and that 100,000 lined the mile-and-a-half route there from the airport. But the crowd was smaller than on several previous occaisons when Sheikh Mujib spoke.

Many still in villages Many Bengalis believed that the size of the crowd reflected the enormous number of deaths in the war. And many Dacca residents have still not returned from their native villages where they fled during the war. As the flower-bedecked truck on which Sheikh 286

Mujib rode from the airport passed slowly through the crowd, there were long rhythmic chants of “Sheikh Mujib Zindabad!” (Long live Sheikh Mujib”) . Thousands of voices also chanted : “A new natin has come upon the earth-Bangla Desh ! Bangla Desh!” “A new ism has come to the world—Mujibism! Mujibism !” Many excited spectators tried to tough their leader and some who managed to break through police lines hugged him in long embraces. Sheikh Mujib has long been the overwhelming favourite of the 75 million Bengalis. The Awami Leage, the party of which he is President, won 167 of the 169 seats alloted to East Pakistan in the National Assembly elections in December,1970. When Sheikh Mujib demanded autonomy for the eastern region, President Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan of Pakistan first postponed the assembly session and then, on March 25, moved with his army to crush the Bengali movement. Guerrilla warfare broke out and as many as 10 million Bengalis are said to have fled to India.

Friend of Bengal The 51-year-old Sheikh Mujib, who is tall for a Bengali and has a thick mustache and a heavy shock of graying hair, was affectionately hailed today as Bangabandhu, or friend of Bengal. He was wearing a black suit with a high buttoned collar. The first man to greet Sheikh Mujib, as his plane landed at 1- 45 p.m., was a beared guerrilla leader known as Kashru, who wore army fatigues with pistols strapped to his hips. Thousand of people then rushed past guards from the East Bengal Regiments to engulf Sheikh Mujib, and he was unable to decend from the plane for 10 minutes. At the race course, Sheikh Mujib told his vast audience that the last words of the new Pakistani President, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, to him before his release were, “try to keep Pakistan together if there is any way.” 287

“I said nothing”, Sheikh Mujib recalled. “But now I say to you, Bengal is independent, and let the people of Pakistan and the people of Bangla Desh live happily. The unity of the country is ended.”

Word is virtually law Sheikh Mujib’s popularity is so great that his word has virtually become law with many Bengalis. His followers in the Bengali cabinet, one of whom have even a fraction of his prestige or popularity, have postponed most cirtical decisions pending his return. Among the questions awaiting Sheikh Mujib are how to disarm the 100,000 or more men who have been fighting as guerrillas and how to protect the two million Biharis. He will also be expected to help Bangla Desh gain international recognition and find large amount of foreign aid to rebuild the nation’s shattered economy. It has been officially estimated that the new nation needs at least $ 3-billion for reconstruction, or three quarters of the region’s total annual produciton of $ 4-billion.

(FOX BUTTERIELD in THE NEW YORK TIMES-January 11, 1972)

ÔÔiƒ‡cvjx Wvbvi gy³ evsjv‡`‡ki iÏyi| Rbmgy‡`ª Dj−v‡mi MR©b| weivgnxb KiZvwj, †k−vMvb Avi †k−vMvb| AvKv‡k Av‡›`vwjZ n‡”Q †hb GK SvuK cvwL| Dg¥~³ AvMª‡ni gyn~Z©¸‡jv `yiš— Av‡e‡M Qy‡U P‡j‡Q| Avi Zi mB‡Q bv| evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb G‡m‡Qb i³mœvZ evsjvi ivRavbx XvKv bMix‡Z `Lj`vi kw³i Kviv cÖvPxi †cwi‡q| ...... Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li bqbgwY, n„`‡qi i³Ð‡Mvjvc †kL gywRe G‡m `vuov‡jb| Avgv‡`i cÖZ¨q, Avgv‡`i msMªvg, †kŠh©, weRq Avi kc‡_i cÖZxK e½eÜy wd‡i G‡jb Zvui m¦R‡bi gv‡S| Pviav‡i Dj−vm, KiZvwj, AvKv‡k wbw¶ß e×ÐgywV, Avb‡›` cvMj n‡q hvIqv cwi‡ekÐ hv Af~Zc~e©, ïay Af~Zc~e©| GB cÖvYv‡eM AeY©bxq|ÕÕ ...... Ô‰`wbK evsjvÕ, 11B Rvbyqvix, 1972 288

ÔÔAvR‡Ki GB ïfj‡Mœ Avwg me©cÖ_g Avgvi †`‡ki msMªvgx K…lK, kÖwgK, QvÎ I eyw×Rxex †kÖYxi †mB exi knx†ì K_v ¯§iY KiwQ, hvuiv MZ bq gv‡mi m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡g ee©i cvwK¯—vbx ‰mbëvwnbxi nv‡Z cÖvY w`‡q‡Qb| Avwg Zvu‡ì AvZ¥vi gvM‡divZ Kvgbv KiwQ| Avgvi Rxe‡bi mva AvR c~Y© n‡q‡Q| Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv AvR m¦vaxb I mve©‡fŠg ivóª| evsjvi K…lK, kÖwgK, QvÎ, gyw³‡hv×v I RbZvi D‡Ï‡k Avwg mvjvg RvbvB| Bqvwnqv Lvui KvivMv‡i Avwg cÖwZ gyû‡Z© cÖZx¶v K‡iwQ| g„Zyï Rb¨ Avwg cÖ¯—ZI wQjvg| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl †h gy³ n‡e, G wel‡q Avgvi we›`ygvÎ m‡›`n wQj bv| Z‡e, GB gyw³i Rb¨ †h g~j¨ w`‡Z nj, Zv KíbviI AZxZ| Avgvi wek¦vm, c„w_exi BwZnv‡m †Kvb †`‡ki gyw³Ð msMªv‡g GZ †jv‡Ki cÖvYnvwbi bRxi bvB| Avgvi †`‡ki wbixn gvbyl‡ì nZ¨v K‡i Zviv Kvcyi“lZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q, Avgvi gvÐ‡evb‡ì B¾Z jyÚb K‡i Zviv RNb¨ ee©iZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q| †mvbvi evsjvi AmsL¨ Mªvg cywo‡q Zviv QviLvi K‡i w`‡q‡Q| cvwK¯—v‡bi KvivMv‡i e›`xkvjvq †_‡K Avwg RvbZvg Zviv Avgv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e| wKš‘ Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi Aby‡iva wQj, Avgvi jvkUv Zviv †hb evsjv‡`‡k cvwV‡q †`q, evsjvi cweÎ gvwU †hb Avwg cvB| Avwg w¯nicÖwZÁ wQjvg, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q cÖvYwf¶v †P‡q evsjvi gvbyl‡ì gv_v wbPy Kie bv| ÔAvgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwm|Õ Kwe¸i“ iex›`ªbv_ e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔmvZ †KvwU mš—v‡bi †n gy» Rbbx, †i‡LQ ev½vjx KÔ‡i gvbyl Kiwb|Õ wKš‘ AvR Avi Kwe¸i“i †m K_v evsjvi gvby‡li †ejvq Lv‡U bvÐÐ Zvui cÖZ¨vkv‡K Avgiv ev¯—evwqZ K‡iwQ| evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl we‡k¦i Kv‡Q cÖgvY K‡i‡Q, Zviv ex‡ii RvwZ, Zviv wb‡R‡ì AwaKvi AR©b K‡i gvby‡li gZ evuP‡Z Rv‡b| QvÎÐ K…lKÐkÖwgK fvB‡qiv Avgvi, Avcbviv KZ AK_¨ wbh©vZb mn¨ K‡i‡Qb, †Mwijv n‡q kÎ“i †gvKvwejv K‡i‡Qb, i³ w`‡q‡Qb †`kgvZvi gyw³i Rb¨| Avcbv‡ì G i³`vbe„_v hv‡e bv| Avwg fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x kÖxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx Ges fviZ, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb, weª‡Ub, d«vÝ I Av‡giKvi Rbmvavi‡Yi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì GB gyw³msMªv‡g mg_©b `v‡bi Rb¨ Avš—wiK K…ZÁZv RvbvB| ee©i cvwK¯—vbx ‰mb¨‡ì AZ¨vPv‡i AwZô n‡q Avgvi †`‡ki cÖvq GK †KvwU gvbyl Nievwo †Q‡o gvZ„f~wgi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i fvi‡Z Avkªq wb‡qwQj| fviZ miKvi I fvi‡Zi RbmvaviY wb‡R‡ì A‡bK Amyweav _vKv m‡Ë¡I GB wQbœg~j gvbyl‡ì `xN© bqgvm a‡i AvkÖq w`‡q‡Qb, Lv`¨ w`‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ Avwg fviZ miKvi I fvi‡Zi RbmvaviY‡K Avgvi †`‡ki mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li c¶ †_‡K Avgvi Aš—‡ii Aš—¯nj n‡Z abëv` RvbvB| MZ 7B gvP© GB †Nvo‡`Šo gq`v‡b Avwg Avcbv‡ì e‡jwQjvg ÔN‡i N‡i `yM© M‡o Zyjyb| Gev‡ii msMªvg gyw³i msMªvgÐÐÐ Gev‡ii msMªvg 289

m¦vaxbZvi msMªvg|Õ Avcbviv evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl †mB m¦vaxbZv G‡b‡Qb| AvR Avevi ejwQ, Avcbviv mevB GKZv eRvq ivLyb| lohš¿ GLbI †kl nqwb| Avgiv m¦vaxbZv AR©b K‡iwQ| GKRb †deªyqvwi i cÖvY _vK‡ZI Avgiv GB m¦vaxbZv bó n‡Z †è bv| evsjv‡`k BwZnv‡m m¦vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡eB wU‡K _vK‡e| evsjv‡K `vwe‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i, Ggb †Kvb kw³ †bB| AvR †mvbvi evsjvi †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl M„nnviv, AvkÖqnviv| Zviv wbtm¤¦j| Avwg gvbeZvi LvwZ‡i wek¦evmxi cÖwZ Avgvi GB `ytLx gvbyl‡ì mvnvh¨ `v‡bi Rb¨ GwM‡q Avm‡Z Aby‡iva KiwQ| ‡bZv wn‡m‡e bq, fvB wn‡m‡e Avwg Avgvi †`kevmx‡K ejwQ, Avgv‡ì mvaviY gvbyl hw` Avkª“q bv cvq, Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì G m¦vaxbZv e¨_© n‡q hv‡eÐÐ c~Y© n‡e bv| Avgv‡ì GLb ZvB A‡bK KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì iv¯—vNvU †f‡½ †M‡Q, †m¸‡jv †givgZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcbviv wb‡RivB †mme iv¯—v †givgZ Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i w`b| hvi hv KvR, wVKgZ K‡i hvb| Kg©Pvix‡ì ejwQ Avcbviv Nyl Lv‡eb bv| G‡`‡k Avi †Kvb `ybx©wZ Pj‡Z †`qv n‡e bv| cªvq Pvi jvL †deªyqvwi cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b Av‡Q| Avgv‡ì Aek¨B Zv‡ì wbivcËvi K_v fve‡Z n‡e| evsjvfvlx bq Ggb hviv evsjv‡`‡k Av‡Qb, Zv‡ì †deªyqvwi ‡ì mv‡_ wg‡k †h‡Z n‡e| KviI cÖwZ Avgvi wnsmv †bB| A†deªyqvwi ‡ì cÖwZ †KD nvZ Zyj‡eb bv| AvBb wb‡Ri nv‡Z Zy‡j ‡b‡eb bv| Aek¨ †hme †jvK cvwK¯—vbx ‰mb¨‡ì mg_©b K‡i‡Q, Ahvgv‡ì nZ¨v Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì ¶gv Kiv n‡e bv| mwVK wePv‡ii gva¨‡g Zv‡ì kvw¯— †`qv n‡e| Avcbviv Rv‡bb, Avgvi wei“‡× GKwU gvgjv `vuo Kiv‡bv n‡qwQj Ges A‡b‡KB Avgvi wei“‡× mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Q, Avwg Zv‡ì Rvwb| Avcbviv AviI Rv‡bb †h, Avgvi dvuwmi ûKzg n‡qwQj| Avgvi †R‡ji cv‡k Avgvi Rb¨ Kei †Lvuov n‡qwQj| Avwg gymjgvb| Avwg Rvwb, gymjgvb gvÎ GKeiB g‡i| ZvB Avwg wVK K‡iwQjvg, Avwg Zv‡ì wbKU bwZ ¯¦xKvi Kie bv | duwmi g‡Â hvIqvi mgq Avwg eje, ÔAvwg †deªyqvwi , evsjv Avgvi †`k, evsjv Avgvi fvlv| Rq evsjv|Õ 1971 mv‡ji 25‡k gvP© iv‡Î cwðg cvwK¯—vbx ‰mb¨‡ì nv‡Z e›`x nIqvi c~‡e© Avgvi mnKg©xiv Avgv‡K P‡j †h‡Z Aby‡iva K‡ib | Avwg ZLb Zuv‡ì e‡jwQjvg , evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvbyl‡K wec‡` gy‡L †i‡L Avwg hve bv| gi‡Z n‡j Avwg GLv‡bB gie| ZvRDwÏb Ges Avgvi Ab¨vb¨ mnKg©xiv ZLb Kuv`‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Avgvi cvwK¯—vbx fvB‡qiv, Avcbv‡ì cÖwZ Avgvi †Kvb we‡Øl †bB| Avwg PvB Avcbviv my‡L _vKzb| Avcbv‡ì †mbvevwnbx Avgv‡ì AmsL¨ †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, Avgv‡ì gvÐ‡evb‡ì gh©v`vnvwb K‡i‡Q, Avgv‡ì 290

Mªvg¸‡jv wea¯— K‡i‡Q| ZeyI Avcbv‡ì cÖwZ Avgvi †Kvb Av‡µvk †bB| Avcbviv m¦vaxb _vKzb, AvgivI m¦vaxb _vwK| we‡k¦i Ab¨ †h †Kvb †`‡ki mv‡_ Avgv‡ì †h ai‡bi eÜyZ¡ n‡Z cv‡i, Avcbv‡ì mv‡_I Avgv‡ì ïaygvÎ †mB ai‡bi eÜyZ¡ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ hviv Ab¨vqfv‡e Avgv‡ì gvbyl‡ì †g‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì Aek¨B wePvi n‡e| evsjv‡`‡k Ggb cwievi Lye KgB Av‡Q, †h cwiev‡ii †Kvb †jvK gviv hvqwb| evsjv‡`k c„w_exi wØZxq e„nËg gymwjg AaÿwlZ †`k| B‡›`v‡bwkqvi c‡iB Gi ¯nvb| gymwjg RbmsL¨vi w`K w`‡q fvi‡Zi ¯nvb Z„Zxq I cvwK¯—v‡bi ¯nvb PZy_©| wKš‘ A`„‡ói cwinvm, cvwK¯—vbx ‰mbëvwnbx Bmjv‡gi bv‡g G‡`‡ki gymjgvb‡ì nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, Avgv‡ì bvix‡ì †eB¾Z K‡i‡Q| Bmjv‡gi Aegvbbv Avwg PvB bv, Avwg ¯úó I Ø¨_©nxb fvlvq ej‡Z PvB †h, Avgv‡ì †`k n‡e MYZvwš¿K, ag©wbi‡c¶ I mgvRZvwš¿K| G‡`‡ki K…lKÐkÖwgK wn›`y gymjgvb mevB my‡L _vK‡e, kvwš— ‡Z _vK‡e| Avwg fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x kÖxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx‡K kª“×v Kwi| wZwb `xN©Kvj hver ivRbxwZ Ki‡Qb| wZwb ïay fvi‡Zi gnvb mš—vb cwÛZ Rnijvj †bni“i Kb¨vB bb, cwÛZ gwZjvj †bni“i bvZbxI| Zvui mv‡_ Avwg w`j−x‡Z cvi¯úvwiK m¦v_©mswk−ó welq¸‡jv wb‡q Avjvc K‡iwQ| Avwg hLbB PvBe, fviZ evsjv‡`k †_‡K Zvi ‰mb¨ evwnbx ZLbB wdwi‡q †b‡e| BwZg‡a¨B fviZxq ‰m‡bï GKUv weivU Ask evsjv‡`k †_‡K wdwi‡q †bqv n‡q‡Q| Avgvi †`‡ki Rbmvavi‡Yi Rb¨ kÖxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx hv K‡i‡Qb, Zvi Rb¨ Avwg Zvu‡K Avgvi Avš—wiK abëv` RvbvB| wZwb e¨w³MZfv‡e Avgvi gyw³i Rb¨ we‡k¦i mKj †`‡ki ivóªcÖavb‡ì wbKU Av‡e`b Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, Zvuiv †hb Avgv‡K †Q‡o †èvi Rb¨ Bqvwnqv Lvb‡K Aby‡iva Rvbvb| Avwg Zvui wbKU wPiw`b K…ZÁ _vKe| cÖvq GK †KvwU †jvK hviv cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi f‡q fvi‡Z AvkÖq wb‡qwQj Ges evKx hviv †`‡k i‡q wM‡qwQj, Zviv mevB A‡kl `ytLKó †fvM K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡ì GB gyw³msMªv‡g hviv i³ w`‡q‡Q †mB exi gyw³evwnbx, QvÎÐK…lKÐkÖwgK mgvR, evsjvi wn›`yÐgymjgvb, B,wc,Avi, cywjk,†e½j †iwR‡g›U I Ab¨ Avi mevB‡K Avgvi mvjvg RvbvB| Avgvi mnKg©xiv, Avcbviv gyw³msMªvg cwiPvjbvi e¨vcv‡i †h `ytLÐKó mn¨ K‡i‡Qb, Zvi Rb¨ Avwg Avš—wiK abëv` RvbvB| Avcbv‡ì gywRe fvB Avn¦vb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb Avi †mB Avn¦v‡b mvov w`‡q Avcbviv hy× K‡i‡Qb, Zvui wb‡`©k †g‡b P‡j‡Qb Ges †kl ch©š— m¦vaxbZv wQwb‡q G‡b‡Qb| Avgvi Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ Kvgbv, 291

evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl †hb Zv‡`i Lv`¨ cvq, AvkÖq cvq Ges DbœZ Rxe‡bi AwaKvix nq|

cvwK¯—vbx KvivMvi †_‡K Avwg hLb gy³ nB, ZLb Rbve fy‡Æv Avgv‡K Aby‡iva K‡iwQ‡jbÐÐ m¤¢e n‡j Avwg †hb `y‡`‡ki g‡a¨ GKUv wkw_j m¤cK© ivLvi †Póv Kwi| Avwg Zv‡K e‡jwQjvg Avgvi Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q wd‡i bv hvIqv ch©š— Avwg Avcbv‡K G e¨vcv‡i wKQy ej‡Z cvwi bv| GLb Avwg ej‡Z PvB, Rbve fy‡Æv mv‡ne, Avcbviv kvwš—‡Z _vKzb| evsjv‡`k m¦vaxbZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| GLb hw` †KD evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv niY Ki‡Z Pvq, Zvn‡j †m m¦vaxbZv i¶v Kivi Rb¨ gywRe me© cÖ_g cÖvY †`‡e| cvwK¯— vbx ‰mb¨iv evsjv‡`‡k †h wbw©e©Pvi MYnZ¨v K‡i‡Q, Zvi AbymÜvb I e¨vcKZv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ Avwg RvwZms‡Ni wbKU GKUv Avš—Rv©wZK UªvBeyb¨vj MV‡bi Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q| Avwg we‡k¦i mKj gy³ †`k‡K Aby‡iva RvbvB, Avcbviv Awej‡¤¦ m¦vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k‡K m¦xK…wZ w`b Ges mZ¡i evsjv‡`k‡K RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ K‡i †bqvi Rb¨ mvnvh¨ Ki“b| Rq evsjvÕÕ

(ghnvi“j Bmjvg t e½eÜy †kL gywRe, 1993, c„t 773Ð777 nB‡Z D×„Z)

‰`wbK B‡Ëdv‡K cÖKvwkZ msev` cÖwZ‡e`b wbgœiƒct ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK 11B Rvbyqvix, 1972

AvR eû cÖZxw¶Z †mB ïfw`b| mv‡o 7 †KvwU ev½vjxi Aš—‡i Aš— nxb Av¯nv I fvjevmv, Z¨vM I wZwZ¶vi m¦Y©Ðwmwo‡Z nvuuwUqv nvuwUqv m¦vaxb evsjv I ev½vjx RvwZi RbK e½eÜy †kL gwReyi ingvb my`xN© 1 gvm c‡i Avevi Rbbx evsjvi †Kv‡j wdwiqv Avwm‡Z‡Qb| cvK mvgwiK Rj−v`†`i KvivMvi Zvu‡K awiqv ivwL‡Z cv‡i bvB| wZwb wdwiqv Avwm‡Z‡Qb Zvui mviv Rxe‡bi Z¨vM I Zcm¨vi dmj m¦vaxb evsjvi ey‡K| jÛb nB‡Z e„wUk wegvb evwnbxi GKLvwb wegv‡b fvi‡Zi ivRavbx bqvw`j−x nBqv AvR (‡mvgevi) 292

ga¨v‡ý evsjvi bqbgwY e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb XvKvq c`vc©b Kwi‡Z‡Qb| e½eÜyi AvMgbÐj‡Mœ AvR `ytwLbx evsjvi mRj †Pv‡L gy‡L nvwmi wSwjK| kniÐe›`‡i, MªvgÐM‡Ä, ivRc‡_ I Rbc‡` AvR cwiZ„ß wP‡Ë Dj−vwmZ RqaŸwbi Z~h©bv`Ð‡KvwU K‡Ú AvR GKB eRªaŸwb t mvjvg, †n exi, jn mvjvg| XvKv wegvb e›`‡i DcbxZ nBevi ci e½eÜy‡K cÖvYXvjv I Awe®§iYxq GK HwZnvwmK m¤¦a©bv Ávcb Kiv nB‡e| evsjv‡`k mk¯¿ evwnbx I wgÎevwnbxi c¶ nB‡Z wegvb e›`‡i e½eÜy‡K MvW© Ae Abvi cÖ`vb Kiv nB‡e| wegvb e›ì nB‡Z ®§iYKv‡ji wekvjZg †kvfvhvÎv mnKv‡i evsjvi bqbgwY‡K HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b jBqv hvIqv nB‡e| weMZ 7B gvP© †h gq`v‡bi eË„Zvg‡Â `vuovBqv wZwb evsjvi mv‡o 7 †KvwU gvbyl‡K Jcwb‡ewkK cvK mvgwiK Rvš—vi wei“‡× Pyovš— AvNvZ nvbvi AvnŸvb RvbvBqvwQ‡jbÐÐ†h gq`v‡b MZ 16B wW‡m¤¦i `Lj`vi ee©i cvK †mbvevwnbxi AwabvqK †Rbv‡ij wbqvRx gyw³‡hv×v I wgÎ evwnbxi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi `wjj m¦v¶i KwiqvwQ‡jb, AvR (‡mvgevi) †mB HwZnvwmK gq`v‡bB weRqx ev‡ii †e‡k e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb msMªvgx XvKvevmx‡ì mv¶vr`vb Kwi‡eb| AZtci wZwb cÖvq `xN© 1 gvm ci Zvui wcÖq cwievie‡M©i mwnZ wgwjZ nIqvi Rb¨ avbgwÛ¯n m¦xq evmfe‡b Mgb Kwi‡eb| BwZg‡a¨ ivRavbx XvKvi wcÖq †bZvi AvMgY Dcj‡¶ Dj−vwmZ RbZvi PÂj c`PviYvi iv¯—vNvU gyLwiZ nBqv DwVqv‡Q, iv¯—vq iv¯—vq Awj‡Z Mwj‡Z †ZviY wbg©v‡bi wnuwoK cwoqv wMqv‡Q GB Dcj‡¶ evsjv‡`k miKvi mviv‡`‡k mvaviY QywU †NvlYv Kwiqv‡Qb| evsjv‡`k kµygy³ nBqv‡Q wZb mßvn Av‡M| wKš‘ RvwZi wcZv kµyi wR›`vbLvbvq e›`x _vKvq kµygy³ m¦vaxb evsjvi Rq Rqš—x ZZw`b c~Y©Zvi †mvbvjx Av‡jvq Sjgj Kwiqv DwV‡Z cv‡i bvB| Ae‡k‡l Rj−v‡ì KvivMvi nB‡Z e½eÜyi gyw³i d‡j Rb¥f~wgi m¦vaxbZv AvR cwic~Y© gwngvq fv¯¦i nBqv DwVqv‡Q| gvÎ bq gv‡mi hy‡× GKwU kw³kvjx Jcwb‡ewkK kw³‡K Ggb Pyovš— fv‡e ch©y`¯— Kwiqv m¦vaxbZv jv‡fi wØZxq †Kvb bwRi c„w_exi BwZnv‡m bvB| wKš‘ GB `ytmva¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ †kL gywR‡ei Av`‡k©i cZvKvaviv ev½vjx RvwZ Pig g~j¨ w`qvB cvBqv‡Q Gevi cig cvIqv‡K| evsjvi gvwU Avi gvbylB e½eÜyi AvR‡b¥i mvabvi ab| †bZv I RbZvi Abvwej fv‡jvevmv, Av¯nv Avi wbweo ‰bKU¨‡ev‡aiB †mvbvjx dmj AvwRKvi m¦vaxb evsjv| 1961 mv‡j cÖPÛ MYÐAv‡›`vj‡bi Zi½vNv‡Z AvBqye Lv‡bi †R‡ji Zvjv fvw½qv hvqÐÐwg_¨v AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi Avmvgx †kL gywRe Avevi RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ wdwiqv Av‡mb| †mw`b wZwb ewjqvwQ‡jb, Avgvi 293

Rxeb evsjvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q gU‡MR †Ìqv| †h i³ w`qv Avgv‡K gy³ Kwiqv Avwbqv‡Q, wb‡Ri i‡³i wewbg‡q nB‡jI Avwg †mB i‡³i SY †kva Kwiqv hvBe| weMZ mvZB gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvl‡Y Gev‡ii msMªvg‡K gyw³i msMªvgÐm¦vaxbZvi msMªvg ewjqv †NvlYv Kwiqv e½eÜy Zvui eË„Zvi †kl evK¨wU‡Z ewjqvwQ‡jb, ÔAvwg i³`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖmuZ nBqv †Mjvg ....|Õ Avi evsjvi gvby‡li mvwe©K gyw³i Rb¨, Rbbx evsjvi m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ wb‡Ri ey‡Ki i³ Pvwjqv †Ìqvi `yj©f gwngvgwÛZ cÖwZÁv jBqvB 25‡k gv‡P©i †mB fqvj wefxwlKvgq iv‡Î e½eÜy Kvivi“× nb| Rj−v` evwnbxi nv‡Z e›`x nBevi Av‡M wZwb RvwZi D‡Ï‡k eRªKÚ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kwiqv hvbt ÔÔevsjv‡`k m¦vaxb| kµy Avgv‡ì AvµgY Kwiqv‡Q| m‡Rv‡i cvëv AvNvZ nv‡bv|ÕÕ Zvi c‡ii BwZnvm mK‡jiB Rvbv| GB my`xN© w`b¸wj e½eÜy KvUvBqv‡Qb kµyi KvivMv‡i †`kgvZ„Kvi k„sLj †gvP‡bi `ytmn `yt‡Li Zcm¨vq| Avi Gw`‡K Zvui Av`‡k©i cZvKvnv‡Z evsjvi mv‡o mvZ †vwU gvbyl ZvuiB wb‡`©‡k PvjvBqv‡Q gvZ„f~wgi m¦vaxbZv hy×Ð†bZv‡K Rj−v‡ì KvivMvi nB‡Z wQbvBqv Avbvi msMªvg| ‡kL gywRe AvR wdwiqv Avwm‡Z‡Qb| wZwb mv‡o 7†KvwU ev½vjxi Aš— nxb fv‡jvevmv Avi AMva wek¦v‡mi `yj©f Hk¦‡l© Mov GKwU Abycg BwZnvmÐ we‡k¦i GK byZb †`k, b~Zb gZev`, b~Zb Av`‡k©i RbK| evsjvi gvwU, evsjvi gvbyl, evsjvi Rb, evsjvi AvKvkÐevZvm nB‡Z †kL gywRe‡K Avjv`v Kwiqv †`Lv hvq bv| Avi hvq bv ewjqvB AvR gyKzUnxb mgªvU †kL gywR‡ei wdwiqv Avmvi w`‡b evsjvi w`M‡š— Avb‡›ì AvMgbxÐÐ weR‡qi D‡j−vm|

‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ m¤úv`Kx‡qi cÖ_g Ask wbæiƒc t

‰`wbK B‡ËdvK 11 Rvbyqvix 1972 m¤cv`Kxq ¯¦vMZg Gm, evsjvi ¯¦vwcœK

e¨vKzj AvMª‡ni Aemvb NwUqv‡Q| kw³ g`gËZvq kZvãxi m~h©‡K Mªvm Kivi Pig J×Zv cÖ`k©bKvixi KvivMvi nB‡Z wbcxwoZ RbMYgbAwabv‡qK e½e›`y †kL gwRiyi ingvb AvR gy³| weMZ cwPk gv‡P©i †mB exfrm KzwUj iv‡Î nvbv`vi evwnbx KZ„©K e›`x nIqvi ci Zuvnv‡K cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi GK wR›`vLvbvi wbR©b cÖ‡Kv‡ô Aei“× Kiv nq, evsjv‡`k ewnwe‡k¦i µgweewZZ NUbvcÖev‡ni AeMwZ nB‡Z Zvn‡K ivLv nq m¤©c~b 294

wew”Qbœ| Kviv gyw³i ci jÛ‡b Ae¯nvbKv‡j m‡e Zvnv‡K AewnZ Kiv nBqv‡Q| ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

evsjvi cÖvYwcÖq †bZv, ivóªcwZ †kL gywRei ingvb `„ß K‡Ú †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb, ÔAvgiv m¦vaxbZv AR©b K‡iwQ| evsjvi GKRb †jvKI †eÕ‡P _vK‡Z GB m¦vaxbZv bó n‡Z †`e bv| evsjv‡K `vwe‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i Ggb †Kvb kw³ †bB|Õ bq gvm c‡i m¦‡`‡k wd‡i G‡m †`kevmxi mvg‡b eË„Zv Ki‡Z wM‡q RbZvi wcªq †bZvi †Pv‡L Akªy †b‡g Av‡m| KvbœvRwoZ K‡Ú wZwb hvuiv gyw³hy‡× knx` n‡q‡Q, hvuiv ee©i evwnbxi nv‡Z wbnZ n‡q‡Q Zvu‡`i AvZ¥vi cÖwZ kÖ×v Ávcb K‡i e‡jb, ÔÔAvR Avgvi Rxe‡bi mva c~Y© n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k AvR m¦vaxb| evsjvi K…lK, kÖwgK, QvÎ, gyw³‡hv×v I RbZvi cÖwZ RvbvB mvjvg| †Zvgiv Avgvi mvjvg bvI|ÕÕ

wZwb e‡jb, ÔÔcwðg cvwK¯—v‡b Avwg dvuwm‡Z hvw”Qjvg| wKš‘ Avwg RvbZvg evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb n‡e|ÕÕ wZwb e‡jb, ÔÔevsjvi gvbyl gy³ nIqvq evm Ki‡e| †L‡qÐc‡i my‡L _vK‡e GUvB wQj Avgvi mvabv|ÕÕ e½eÜy Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔÔAvgvi †mvbvi evsjv †Zvgvq Avwg AZ¨š— fvjevwm|ÕÕ Kwe ¸i“i ÔmvZ †KvwU mš—v‡b‡i †n gy» Rbbx, †i‡LQ ev½vjx K‡i gvbyl K‡ivwb ....|Õ KweZvs‡ki D×„wZ w`‡q wZwb e‡jb, Kwe¸i“i GB Av‡¶c‡K Avgiv †gvPb K‡iwQ| wZwb e‡jb, ev½vjx RvwZ cÖgvb K‡i w`‡q‡Q †h, Zvuiv gvbyl, Zvuiv cÖvY w`‡Z Rv‡b| GRgb KvR Zvuiv Gevi K‡i‡Q hvi bRxi BwZnv‡m †bB|ÕÕ QvÎ mgvR, kÖwgK, K…lK RbZv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔÔ‡Zvgiv, Avgvi fvB‡qiv †Mwijv n‡qwQ‡j †`kgvZvi gyw³i Rb¨| †Zvgiv i³ w`‡qQ| †Zvgv‡`i i³ e„_v hv‡e bv|ÕÕ wcÖq †bZv Av‡iv e‡jb, ÔÔMZ mvZB gvP© GB †im‡Kv‡m© e‡jwQjvg `yM© M‡o †Zvj| AvR Avevi ejwQ, Avcbviv mevB GKZv eRvq ivLyb| Avgiv m¦vaxbZv AR©b K‡iwQ| GKRb ev½vjx †eÔ‡P _vK‡ZI GB m¦vaxbZv bó n‡Z †`e bv| evsjv‡`k BwZnv‡m m¦vaxb †`ki“‡cB †eÔ‡P _vK‡e| evsjv‡K `vwe‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i Ggb †Kvb kw³ †bB| 295

e½eÜy Av‡iv †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb, ÔÔevsjv‡`k GKwU Av`k© ivóª n‡e| Avi Zvi wfwË we‡kl †Kvb agx©q wfwËK n‡e bv| iv‡óªi wfwË n‡e MYZš¿, mgvRZš¿ I ag©wbi‡c¶Zv|ÕÕ

cvwK¯—vbx evwnbx MZ `k gv‡m evsjv‡`k‡K weivb K‡i w`‡q‡Q e‡j D‡j−L K‡i †kL mv‡ne e‡j‡Qb, ÔÔAvwg †cÖwm‡W›U wnmv‡e bq, †bZv wn‡m‡e bq, Avcbv‡`i fvB wnmv‡e...... |

GBfv‡e 1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwi e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb m¦vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b KiZt Dc‡iv³ bxwZ wba©viYx e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib|

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Avgš¿Y µ‡g fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx 1972 m‡bi 17B gvP© Zvwi‡L GK ï‡f‡”Qv md‡i XvKvq

AvMgb K‡ib|

ï‡f”Qv Rvbvq|

Bw›`iv MvÜx Ks‡Mª‡mi cÖ_g KvZv‡ii †bZv gwZjvj †b‡ni“i †cŠÎx Ges m¦vaxb fvi‡Zi cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x RInvijvj †b‡ni“i Kb¨v| Zvunvi †bZ„‡Z¡ 1971 m‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K AbywôZ wbe©vP‡b Ks‡Mªm wbi¼ym weRq jvf K‡i|

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy‡× cÖ_g nB‡ZB wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ AwZkq mnvbyf~wZkxj wQ‡jb Ges Zvunvi mwµq mvnvh¨ e¨wZ‡i‡K evsjv‡`‡ki 1 †KvwU kiYv_x©‡K wKQy‡ZB evuPvb m¤¢e nBZ bv|

cvwK¯—v‡bi mvgwiK miKvi †kL gywRe‡K wePv‡ii bv‡g dvuwm w`evi lohš¿

Kwi‡j Bw›`iv MvÜx cÖ_‡g †mvwf‡qU BDwbq‡bi mwnZ GKwU Pyw³‡Z Ave× nb Zrci we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv Ges †kL gywR‡ei Rxeb i¶vi Rb¨

RbgZ Mwoqv †Zv‡jb| 1971 m‡b hy³iv‡óªi RbMY evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ memg‡qB mnvbyf~wZkxj _vwK‡jI we‡k¦i civkw³ hy³ivóª miKvi wKš— evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi cÖwZ †gv‡UI mnvbyf~wZkxj wQj bv, Zvnviv eiÂ cvwK¯—vb‡K me© cÖKv‡i mn‡hvwMZv

Kwi‡ZwQj| ZvnvQvov, Avi GKwU civkw³ Pxb †`kI fvi‡Zi cÖwZ kµ fvevcbœ 296

wQj Ges cvwK¯—vb‡K mvgwiK A¯¿ w`qv mvnvh¨ KwiZ| wKš‘ GBi“c ‰eix cwi‡ekI

Bw›ìv MvÜx‡K `gvB‡Z cv‡i bvB| wZwb kiYv_©x‡ì Rb¨, gyw³†hv×v‡ì Rb¨, m¦vaxb evsjv‡`†ki Rb¨ ggZvgqxi gZ Zvnv‡ì mK‡ji cv‡k Avwmqv

`vuovBqvwQ‡jb|

wZwb ivwkqv, eªv‡mjm,cwðg Rvgv©bx, Awóªqv, wf‡qbv, jÛb , IqvwksUb, d«vÝ, cÖf„wZ iv‡óª Dévi gZ ågb K‡ib Ges me©Î evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li b¨vh¨ `vex I

AwaKvi †hfv‡e gg‡Z¡i mwnZ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib Zvnvi †Kvb Zyjbv bvB| wZwb ivóª cÖavbM‡Yi mwnZ K_v e‡jb, wek¦we`¨vjq Mgb Kwiqv QvÎ, Aa¨vcK‡`i mwnZ K_v e‡jb, mvsevw`K, mvaviY gvbyl mK‡ji Kv‡Q wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki AvwZ© †cuŠQvBevi

†Póv KwiqvwQ‡jb|

1971 m‡bi 5B b‡f¤¦‡i IqvwksU‡b RvZxq †cÖm K¬v‡e wZwb e‡jb

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol. II. UPL Page 265-267) t

Prime Mnister Indira Gandhi’s speech at the National Press Club, Washington November, 5, 1971

...... The elections aroused new hope in our people and generated new energy and purpose in us. But today, your thoughts and mine are proccupied with the crisis of Bangla Desh, that is, East Bengal. There, too elections were held. The fact that even under a military regime the people of East Bengal so over-whelmingly voted for the Awami League showed their deep desire for democratic rights. The military rulers used the period of negotiations to amass troops. And on the very day, when the Awami League thought that settlement was to be reached, a reign of terror—such as history has rarely witnessed—was unleashed. I have not hesitated sometimes to criticise the Press, of course, in self-defence. But on this occasion, I should like to express appreciation of the manner in which the Press correspondents of many countries have tried to arouse the conscience of the world. They have shown courage and perseverance in lifting the veil around 297

East Bengal and revealing the truth of the grim tragedy being enacted there. Their words have been honest and direct, but the photographs have outdone them in conveying the very essence of sorrow and misery. What is taking place there is not a civil war in the ordinary sense of the word; it is a genocidal punishment of civilians for having voted demoreatically. It is a strange and cynical way of getting rid of one’s opponents and of deliberately using helpless millions as a weapon against a neighbour nation. The number of the refugees is equal to the population of some of the countries of Europe, such as Austria and Belgium, where I was only recently. We feel that this is a new kind of aggression. It certainly casts an unconscionable economic burden on us and has created political and social tensions endangering our security. This is not a purely internal matter of one country, because the overflow of the political, economic and security consequences are affecting another country, that is, India. This is not an international dispute, certainly not an Indo-Pakistani dispsute, for the traditional international instruments to be invoked. We are told that the confrontation of troops is a threat to peace. Is there no threat to peace when a whole people are massacred? Will the world be concerned only if people die because of war between two counteies and not if hundreds of thousands are butchered and expelled by a military regime waging war against the people ? We cannot draw upon precedents to deal with this unprecedented variety of aggression. We have to devise new patterns of response. It is in order to impress on world leaders the nature of the crisis and the means of resolving it that I wrote to heads of Governemnt several months ago and sent some of my colleagues to meet them. We informed them that the only way out of the mess which the military rulers of Pakistan have made for themselves is to have a political settlement with the elected representatives of East Bengal, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, if he is alive, and his colleagues who embody the Will of the people. 298

Had the world realised it then, much of this mounting misery and the migration of many more millions could have been avoided. The chances of such a settlement have grown more slender with each new day of neglect. But there might still be time if world leaders appreciated the reality of the situation. In the various capitals I have visited on this tour, I have been asked what solution India would like. The question is not what we would like, or what one or other of the big powers would like, but what the people of East Bengal will accept and what solution would be a lasting one. I should like to plead with the world not to press me for a solution which leaves out the people of East Bengal. It is an illusion to think that the fate of a country can be decided without reference to its people. Once again, we see the old habit of underestimating the power of nationlism in Asia and of the demand of the people of Asia to make their own choice. Those who subscribe to the belief that democratically reached decisions are the most viable should recognise that the process of democracy admits no geographical disqualification. If democracy is good for you, it is good for us in India, and it is good for the people of East Bengal. The supression of democracy is the original cause of all the trouble in Pakistan. The nations of the world should make up their minds who is more important to them, one man and his machine or a whole nation. I am asked what initiatives India will take. We have taken the biggest possible initiative in remaining so self-restrained and in keeping in check the anger within our country. We have endeavoured strenously to see that this does not become an Indo- Pakistan issue. Any direct talks between the two countries would immediately be converted into such a dispute and make the solution more difficult. Pakistan has been trying to create conditions in which the world would think that Pakistan is threatened by a more powerful neighbour. As I have said, the threat to Pakistan has come from its own rulers, not from us. When the regime there found out that its calculations will not succeed, it moved its troops to our 299

western frontier, knowing full well that we would be forced to follow suit. Pakistan’s pleas for observers from the United Nations, for bilateral talks with India, and for mutual withdrawal of troops, seemed very plausible at first sight. But these are only methods ot divert the attention of the world from the root of the problem to what are merely by-products. We cannot be side-tracked. We cannot have a dialogue with Pakistan on the future of East Bengal, because we have no right to speak for the people of East Bengal. Only Sheikh Mujib or the elected and accepted representatives of East Bengal have that right.

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL eb¯n we‡_v‡fb n‡j cÖavbgš¿x fviZ miKv‡ii ciivóª 21 b‡f¤¦i 1971 Bw›`iv MvÜxi fvlY| gš¿Yvjq|

`wjjcÎ t Øv`k LÛ, c„t 162

PRIME MINISTER INDIRA GANDHI’S SPEECH IN BEETHOVEN HALL,

BONN, NOVEMBER 21, 1971.

Following are excerpts from the speech :

You know, just as we had elections in India, there were elections in Pakistan after a very very long time, because the people were getting tired of military rule and there was a general demand for elections. In Pakistan, Sheikh Mjujibur Rahman, the leader of the Awami League Party, got a majority that was even much bigger than my majority in India. Almost toa man, the people in East Bengal-man or woman-voted for him. But whereas in India it was a logical conclusion-you win an election, you form the Government-on the other side this did not happen. The six-point programme was not a new programme, it was the programme which Sheikh Mujibur Rahman had put before the people before the elections. This was his election campaign, his election programme. And if anybody had any objection, whether the leaders or anybody else, the time to raise the objections was before the elections. They should have said we cannot have elections on the basis of this six-point programme. But 300

nobody said anythign. It was when the electins were won by such a big majority that this was raised; “that this means far too much autonomy than we are prepared to give.’’ And negotiations began. We thoguht, and the people of East Bengal thought, that this was a genuine attempt to come to an understanding; but the time was used for bringing across more troops from West Pakistan by sea, and when they thought that there were sufficient troops to deal with the population, on the 24th March, I am told by a leader of East Pakistan, who says he was, if not in the same room, at least in the same house where talks were being held that they thought that things were going on well and that they were approaching a solution and an agreement. The very next day, a regin of terror, of massacre, and all that goes with it, was unleashed, and this resulted in millions of refugees-the number is now over 9 million-it is the population of Belgium or Austria who are now sitting on Indian soil in the greatest of discomfort, in the greatest of misery, in very inadequate camps.

Now, even if in a rich country 9 million people were to come suddenly, not a few at a time, but very suddenly in a few weeks, they would not be able to manage the situation. So you can imagine that India being one of the poorest countries, with very limited resources, and in this situation we have 9 million people. You can imagine the pressure on supplies, on the administration, on the resources, on money, on every possible thing. Most of the refugees have come into four States of India in the Easter region, and in one of them, Tripura, there is hardly room to put a person now. They are occupying the schools and the colleges and parks, every possible public building. In the beginning, the people were every sympathetic. Now the parents say: ‘well we are sympathetic but what about our children ? When will the schools open ? Are they going to miss years of their education ? ‘ So, all administrative work in some of these States is at a standstill. Every official is busy looking after the camps.

The economic burden is tremendous, the administrative problems are there, but even more so are the social and political problems which have arisen. We have organised trade 301

unions. There is a recognised rate. Now, the refugees can’t –we are trying to keep them in the camps, but because the number is so large, and many of them don’t come to camps at all-they offer their services at a much lower rate. Now, immediately there is trouble, because the labour unions say ‘well, this is our rate and you cannot employ’. But we have people who was to take advantage of such a situation, and so we have great social tensions. I am just given one example to show the type of problems that can arise; but more serious than all of this is the threat to India’s stability; because amongst the refugees there are many who may not be genuine refugees. We have no way of booking them. And we are having acts of sabotage, trains are being blown up, lembs are found in places, and a lot of propaaganda is being done in order to there tension between the different religions Pakistan has raised a question about the number of refugees; we say they are over 9 million. They have given the figure of 2½ to 3 million. Now, there is some logic in their argument, because 2½ to 3 million is the figure of the Muslim refugees, but we have not only Muslim refugees, we have Hindus, we have Christains, we have Buddists. In three of the States, Tripura, Meghalaya and Assam, everybody is fully accounted for, for there every individual has a ration card. It is true, in West Bengal things are not so well orginised because the larger numbers are there. But after this question arose, we are having a recounting at all the Camps and it may be over by now, because it started some time before I left the country. It may be a little less, it may be a little more, but I don’t think there will be a great difference in the figures which we have give...... Now, what does withdrawal mean ? People say, even though it was their fault, what harm is there in withdrawing 302

the troops ? Well, the question is that their cantonments are right near the border, but ours are not; ours are very far a way and if we withdraw, there is no way we can really adepuately defend our country if they change their mind. And, we have had no cause to trust them, I mean, we have been attacked twice and on each occasion for many months they have said, “we have nothing to do with it, we have sent no infiltrators,” and then they themselves have admitted this in public forums, such as, either the Security Council or somewhere else. This is the history and the background. As any head of Government although India is deeply committed to peace, to total disarmament, India believes that war does not solve problems- but we cannot leave our borders undefended in the present circumstances, especially as all the news coming from Pakistan state that since they are bnound to lose East Bengal, why should they not grab a piece of the West. This is the situation which we face. Seeing India from a long distance, it may seem to you : “well, it does not make any difference.” But the people who live on the borders, and ours are inhabited right up to the very edge-in fact, in East Pakistan we have houses where the houses are in India and the kitchens are in East Bengal or vice-a-versa. We have no natural border; there is no river or road or anything like that. To the people who live in the border, it means a great deal whether they are properly defended or not, whether they can trust the Government to defend them. So, this is what the position is. So, today, we feel that very much more is at stake than people are realising; and I have come here not to ask for anything from the Government, from any of the countries where I have been, but merely to give my assessment of the situation as ti exists. and it is then for these countries, these governments or the people, to decide what they should do in such a situation, whether they should help or they should not. 303

Naturally, everybody welcomes sympathy, everybody welcomes friendship, everybody welcomes support, but we know that in life, in the ultimatte anylysis, everybody-even a parent, or a child, or a sister, or a brother, each individual is alone; each country is alone; and India must learn to stand on her feet; she is going to stand on her feet and deal with the problems herself.

gyw³hy‡×i †klfv‡M Rvbv hvq †h hy³ivóª Bnvi 7g †bŠeni evsjv‡`k

Awfgy‡L †cÖiY Kwi‡Z‡Q, H mgq 1971 m‡bi 15B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L Bw›`iv MvÜx wb‡æv³ cÎ wb·‡bi eive‡i †cÖiY K‡ib|

wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U wb·‡bi cÖwZ fviZ miKv‡ii 15 wW‡m¤¦i, 1971 cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜxi wPwV| ciivóª gš¿Yvjq

`wjjcÎ t Øv`k LÛ, c„t196Ð198

RIGHTS OF 75 MILLION PEOPLE OF BANGLADESH TO LIFE, LIBERTY AND PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS

Letter from Shrimati Indira Gandi, Prime Minister of India, to his Excelency Mr. Richard Nixon, President of the United States of America, December 15, 1971.

DEAR MR. PRESIDENT, I am writing at a moment of deep anguish at the unphappy turn which the relations between our two countries have taken. I am setting aside all pride prejudice and passion and trying, as calmly as I can, to analyse once again the origins of the tragedy which is being inacted.

There are moments in history when brooding tragedy and its dark shadows can be lightened by recalling great moments of the past. One such great momnt which has inspired millions of people to die for liberty was the Declaration of Independence by the United States of America. That declaration stated that whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of man’s inalienable rights to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness, it was the right of the people to alter or abolish it. 304

All unprejudiced persons objectively surveying the grim events in Bangladesh since March 25 have recognised the revolt of 75 million people, a people who were forced to the conclusion that neither their life, nor their liberty, to say nothing of the possibility of the pursuit of happiness, was available to them. The World Press Radio and Television have faithfully recorded the story. The most perceptive of American scholars who are knowledge about the affairs of this sub-continent revealed the anatomy of East Bengal’s frastrations.

The tragic war, which is continuing could have been averted if during the nine months prior to Pakistan attack on us on December 3, the great leaders of the world had paid some attention to the fact of revolt, tred to see the reality of the situation and searched for a genune base for reconcilation . I wrote letters along these lines. I undertook a tour in quest of peace at a time when it was extremely difficult to leave the country inthe hope of presenting to some of the leaders of the world the situation as I saw it. It was heart-breaking to find that while there was sympathy for the poor refugees, the disease itself was ignored.

War could also have been avoided if the power, influence and authority of all the States, and above all of the Unitetd States, had got Sheikh Mujibur Rahman released. Instead we were told that a civilian administration was being installed. Everyone knows that this civilian administration was a farce; today the farce has turned into a tragedy.

Lip service was paid to the need for a political solution, but not a single worthwhile step was taken to bring this about. Instead, the rules of West Pakistan went ahead holding farcical elections to seats which had been arbitrarily declared vacant.

There was not even a whisper that anyone from the outside world had tried to have contact with Mujibur Rahman. Our earnest plea that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, should be released, or that, even if he were to be kept under detention, contact with him might be established, was not considered practical on the ground that the U.S. could not urge policies which might lead to the overthrow of 305

President Yahya Khan. While the United States recognised that Mujib was a core factor in the situation and that unquestionably in the long run Pakistan must acquiesce in the direction of greater autonomy for East Pakistan, arguments were advanced to demonstrate the fragility of the situation and of Yahya Khan’s difficulty.

Mr. President, may I ask you in all sincerity: Was the release or reven secre: negotiations with a single human being, namely, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, more disastrous than the waging of a war ?

The fact of the matter is that the rulers of West Pakistan got away with the impression that they could do what they liked because no one, not even the United States, would choose to take a public position that while Pakistan’s integrity was certainly sacrosanct, human rights, liberty were no less so and that there was a necessary interconnection between the inviolabilty of States and the contentment of their people.

Mr. President, despite the continued defiance by the rulers of Pakistan of the most elementary facts of life, we would still have tried our hardest to restrain the mounting pressure as we had for none long nine months; and war could have been prevented had the rulers of Pakistan not launched a massive attack on us by bombing our airfields in Amirtsar, Pathankot, Srinagar, Avantitpur, Uttarlai, Jodhpur, Ambala and Agra in the broad day light on December 3 1971 at a time when I was away in Calcutta, my colleague, the Defence Minister, was in Patna and was due to leave further for Bangalore in the South and another senior colleague of mine, the Finance Minister, was in Bombay. The fact that this initiative was taken at this particular time of our absence from the Capital showed perfidious intentions. In the face of this, could we simply sit back trusting that the rulers of Pakistan or those who were advising them had peaceful, constructive and reasonable intent ?

We are asked what we want. We seek nothing for ourselves. We do not want any territory of what was East Pakistan and now constitutes Bangla Desh. We do not want any territory of West 306

Pakistan. We do want lasting peace with Pakistan. But will Pakistan give up its ceaseless and yet pointless agitation of the last 24 years over Kashmir ? Are they willing to give up their hate campaign and posture of perpetual hostility towards India ? How many times in the last 24 years have my father and I offered a Pact of Non-aggression to Pakistan ? It is matter of recorded history that each time such offer was made, Paskistan rejected it out of hand.

We are deeply hurt by the innuendos and insinuations that it was we who have precipitated the crisis and have in any way thwarted the emergence of solutions. I do not really know who is responsible for this calumny. During my visit to the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria and Belgium, the point I emphasised publicly as well as privately was the immediate need for a political settlement. We warited nine months for it. When Dr. Kissinger came in August 1971, I had emphasised to him the importance of seeking an early political settlement. But we have not received, even to this day, the barest framework of a settlement which would take into account the facts as they are and not as we imagine them to be.

Be that as it may it is my earnest and sincere hope that with all the knowledge and deep understanding of human affairs you, as President of the United States and reflecting the will, the aspirations and idealism of the great American people, will at least let me know where precisely we have gone wrong before your representatives or spokesmen deal with us with such harshness of language.

With regards and best wishes.

1971 m‡bi 6B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L fviZ miKvi evsjv‡`k‡K m¦vaxb ivóª wnmv‡e AvbyôvwbK m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i| H Zvwi‡L Bw›`iv MvÜx ivR¨ mfvq GK wee„wZ cÖ`vb K‡ib|

`wjjcÎ t Øv`k LÛ, c„t 760 307

STAMEMENT BY PRIME MINISTER : RECOGNITION OF BANGLADESH

THE PRIME MINISTER, MINISTER OF ATOMIC ENERGY, MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS AND MINISTER OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING (SHRIMATI INDIRA GANDHI) : Mr. Chairman, Sir, the valiant struggle of the people of Bangla Desh in the face of tremendous odds has opened a new chapter of heroism in the history of freedom movements.

Earlier, they had recorded a great democratic victory in their elections and even the Preident of Pakistan had conceded the right of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to become Prime Minister of Pakistan. We shall never know what intervened to transaform this benevolent mood and realistic approach, if it really was that to deception and the posture of open hatted.

We are told that Sheikh Mujubur Rahman and his party, the Awami League, had planned a non-violent movement of resistance to the Government of West Pakistan. But they were caught unawares and overtaken by a brutual military assault. They had no alternative but to declare for independence. The East Pakistan Rifles and East Bengal Regiment became the Mukti Fauj and later the Mukti Bahini, which was joined by thousands of young East Bengalies determined to sacrifice their lives for freedom and the right to fashion their future. The unity, determination and courage with which the entire population of Bangla Desh is fighting have been recorded by the worls Press.

These envents on our doorstep and the resulting flood of refugees into our territorry could not but have far-reaching repercussions on our country. It was natural that our sympathy should be with the people of Bangla Desh in their just struggle. But we did not act precipitiously in the matter of recognition, our decisions were not guided merely by emotion but by an assessment of prevailing and future realities.

With the unanimous revolt of the entire people of Bangla Desh and the success of their strguggle it has become increasingly apparent that the so-called mother State of Pakistan is totally 308

incapable of bringing the people of Bangla Desh back under its control. As for the legitimacy of the Government of Bangla Desh the whole world is now aware that it reflects the will of the overwhelming majority of the people, which not many governments can claim to represent. In Jefferson’s famous words to Governor Morris, the Government of Bangla Desh is supported by the “will of the nation, substantially expressed.” Applying this criterian, the Military regime in Pakistan whom some States are so anxious to buttress, is hardly representative of its people even in West Pakistan.

Now that Pakistan is waging war against India, the normal hesitation on our part not to do anything which could come in the way of a peaceful solution, or which might be construed as intervention, has lost signaificance. The people of Bangla Desh battling for their very existence and the people of India fighting to defeat aggression now find themselves parties in the same cause.

I am glad to inform the House that in the light of the existing situation and in response to the repeated requests of the Government of Bangla Desh, the Government of India have after the most careful consideration, decided to grant recognition to the GANA PRAJATANTRI BANGLADESH.

It is our hope that with the passage of time more nations will grant recognition and that the GANA PRAJATRANTRI BANGLADESH will soon from part of the family of nations.

Our thoughts at this moment are with the father of this new State-Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. I am sure that this House would wish me to convey to their Excellencies the Acting President of Bangla Desh and the Prime Minister and to their colleagues, our greetings and warm felicitations.

I am placing on the Table of the House copies of the communication which we have received from the Government of Bangla Desh. Hon’ble Members will be glad to know that the Government of Bangla Desh have proclaimed their basic principle of State policy to be democracy, socialism, secularism and the establishment of an egalitarian society in which there would be no 309

discrimination on the basis of race, religion, sex or creed. In regard to foreign relations, the Bangla Desh Government have expressed their determination to follow a policy of non-alignment, peaceful co- existence and opposition to colonialism, recialism and imperialism in all its manirfestations. These are the ideals to which India also is dedicated.

The Bgngla Desh Government have reiterated their anxiety to organise the expeditious return of their citizens who have found temporary refuse in our country, and to restore their lands and belongings to them. We shall naturally help in every way in these arrangements.

I am confident that in future the Government and the peoples of India and Bangla Desh, who share common ideals and sacrifices will forge a relationship based on the principles of mutual respect for each other’s sovereignity and territorial integrity, non- interference in internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit. Thus working together for freedom and democracy, we shall set an example of good neighbourliness which slone can ensure peace, stability and progress in this region. Our good wishes to Bangla Desh.

fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx 1972 m‡bi 17B gvP© Zvwi‡L m¦vaxb evsjv‡`‡k AvMgb K‡ib| Hw`b †mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b XvKvevmx Zvunv‡K GK cÖvbXvjv m¤¦a©bv cÖ`vb K‡i| †m m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ cwÎKvq bvbvb cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ nq| wb‡æ Zvnvi K‡qKwU weeiY cÖ`vb Kiv nBj|

RvwZi RbK e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb MZKvj ïµevi `¦¨_©nxb K‡Ú †NvlYv K‡ib †h, we‡k¦i `ytyLx gvby‡li msMªv‡g evsjv‡`k fvi‡Zi mv‡_ Kvu‡a Kvua wgwj‡q KvR K‡i hv‡e| 310

†mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b MZKvj gnvb fvi‡Zi gwnqmx †bÎx kÖxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx‡K m¤¦a©bv Rvbv‡Z wM‡q e½eÜy GK_v e‡jb| mg‡eZ Rbmgy`ª‡K j¶¨ K‡i wZwb e‡jbt ÔÔevsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv bm¨vZ Kivi Rb¨ wek¦ mvgªvRëv‡ì Pµvš— GL‡bv Pj‡Q| myZivs, cÖ‡qvRb n‡j fwel¨‡Z Avevi nv‡Z A¯¿ Zy‡j †bqvi WvK w`‡Z cvwi|ÕÕ ‡mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡bi G HwZnvwmK Rbmfvq e½eÜy †PŠÏ wgwb‡Ui msw¶ß fvlY †`b| fvl‡Y cÖavbgš¿x e‡jb †h, AvR evsjv‡`‡ki GK cig †mŠfv‡Mï w`b| evsjv‡`‡ki †mŠfvM¨ †h, `ywbqvi `ytLx gvby‡li cv‡k eivei whwb wbf©‡q G‡m `vuwo‡q‡Qb Ð †mB gnvb †bÎx kÖxgwZ Bw›ìv MvÜx‡K AvR Avgiv Avgv‡ì gvwU‡Z Avb‡Z †c‡iwQ| ‡mŠfvM¨ †h, kZ e¨¯—Zv _vKv m‡Z¡I wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki `ytLx gvby‡li Wv‡K mviv w`‡q‡Qb| evsjvi mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li c¶ †_‡K AvR GB cweÎ j‡Mœ Zvu‡K RvbvB Aš—iXvjv Awfb›`b|ÕÕ

GB gq`v‡b

e½eÜy e‡jb, †h gq`v‡b AvR Avgv‡ì gnvb eÜy fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x kÖxgZx MvÜx‡K wb‡q G‡mwQ †m gq`vbwUi GKwU BwZnvm Av‡Q| 1971 mv‡ji 7B gvP© GB gq`v‡bB m¦vaxbZvi WvK w`‡qwQjvgÐ evsjvi gvbyl‡K A¯¿ Zy‡j wb‡Z e‡jwQjvg| †lvjB wW‡m¤¦i GB gq`v‡bB ee©i Bqvwnqvi R½x evwnbx AvZ¥mgc©b K‡iwQj| cvwK¯—v‡bi KvivMvi †_‡K gyw³ jv‡fi ci GB gq`v‡bB Avwg Avcbv‡ì mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡qwQ| Avi AvR GB gq`v‡bB ms‡hvwRZ n‡”Q GK bZyb Aa¨vq| evsjvi wkKj fv½evi mvi_x fvi‡Zi kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx AvR Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ Dcw¯nZ|

gvZ„i“‡c Avcwb ....

e½eÜy e‡jbÐ ÔÔgvbbxqv kÖxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx, AvR Avgv‡ì cig †mŠfv†Mï w`b| evsjvi gvby‡li Dci Rj−v` Bqvwnqv evwnbx †hw`b wnsmª nv‡qbvi gZ Suvwc‡q c‡o wQj Avcwb †mw`b cv‡k G‡m `vuwo‡qwQ‡jb wbtm‡¼v‡P| Iiv Avgvi 30 j¶ gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, 3 †KvwU †jv‡Ki NiÐevox R¦vwj‡q w`‡q‡Q| AvZ¥i¶vi Rb¨ Avgvi †mvbvi evsjvi GK †KvwU †jvK Avcbvi †`‡k wM‡q AvkÖq wb‡q‡Q| Avcwb kÖxgZx MvÜx †m w`b gvZ„iƒ‡c Avgvi evsjvi `ytLx gvbyl‡K AvkÖq w`‡q‡Qb, Lv`¨ w`‡q‡Qb, mg_©b w`‡q‡Qb Avi w`‡q‡Qb gyw³ msMªv‡gi nvwZqvi|ÕÕ 311

fvj evmv Qvov †`evi wKQyB †bB

RvwZi RbK e‡jbÐ Ôgnvb fvi‡Zi †bÎx kÖxgZx Bw›`iv MvÜx

Avcbv‡K †`evi g‡Zv Avgv‡`i wKQyB †bB| Avgiv eo Mixe| evsjvi

MªvgÐM‡Ä AvR nvnvKvi| gvbyl bv †L‡q gi‡QÐ wkí KviLvbv eÜ n‡q Av‡Q|

K‡i w`‡q †M‡Q| G Ae¯nvq †`evi gZ Avgv‡`i wKQyB ‡bBÐ Av‡Q †Kej

Adziš— fvj evmvÐ Av‡Q mv‡o 7 †KvwU gvby‡li mwRe cÖv‡Yi Av‡eM| Avcwb evsjvi GB fvjevmv Mªnb Ki“b|ÕÕ

fyjevi bq

e½eÜy e‡jb, Avgvi evsjvi m¦vaxbZvi cÖ_g cÖfv‡Z Avcwb G‡m‡Qb

Avcbvi mvgwiK evwnbx Avgvi †`‡ki weaŸ¯— †ij c_ †givgZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q, iv¯—vÐNvU ms¯‹vi K‡i‡Q, †Uwj †hvMv‡hvM cybt cÖwZôvq w`bÐivZ KvR

K‡i‡Q| Avcbvi G mn‡hvMxZv fyjevi bqÐÐ kÖxgZx Bw›`iv MvÜx|

mvgªvR¨ev`xiv †`‡L hvI

cÖavbgš¿x e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb e‡jbÐ Ôfvi‡Zi gnxqmx †bÎx kÖxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜxÐ Avcbvi fviZxq evwnbx hLb evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³‡hv×v‡ì mv‡_ Kvu‡a Kvua wgwj‡q jovB K‡i‡Q ZLb mvgªvRëv`x Pµ evi evi cÖPvi Pvwj‡q‡Q †h, fviZ evsjv †`k‡K `Lj Ki‡Z hv‡”Q|

kÖxgZx MvÜx, Avcwb wek¦evmx‡K †`wL‡q w`‡q‡Qb fviZxq evwnbx

`Lj`vi evwnbx bq| mvgªvR¨ev`x AvR †`LyK evsjv‡`k GKwUI fviZxq

‰mb¨ †bB|

e½eÜy e‡jbÐ Avcwb ïay fvi‡Zi ‡bÎx bbÐ Avcwb `ywbqvi gRjyg gvby‡li †bZv| Avcwb †h fv‡e `ytLx evsjvi gvby‡li cv‡k G‡m

`vuwo‡qwQ‡jb †mfv‡e Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv I j¨vwZb Av‡gwiKvi `ytLx gvby‡li 312

R‡b¨ hLbB msMªvgx c`‡¶c Mªnb Ki‡eb Avgiv evsjv‡`k miKvi I

AMwbZ RbZv Avcbvi mv‡_ _vK‡ev| evsjv †`Lv‡Z cvijvg bv

gnxqmx †bÎx, †mvbvi evsjv Avcbv‡K †`Lv‡Z cvijvg bv| GB k¨vgj †`‡k Iiv †h aŸsmhÁ Pvwj‡q‡Q Zv cÖZ¨¶ Ki‡j Avwcb †Pv‡Li cvwb ivL‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| e½eÜy e‡jb, GB aŸsm¯Zy‡c `vuwo‡q Avcbv‡K †`evi gZ wKQyB †bB| Z‡e Avwg wek¦vm Kwi evsjvi `yw`©‡b †hgb cv‡k G‡m `vuwo‡q‡Qb fwel¨‡ZI †Zgwb K‡iB Avcbv‡K cv‡ev| Dcmsnv‡i e½eÜy m¦K‡Ú Rq evsjv, Rq fviZ, Rq Bw›`iv MvÜx †k−vMvb D”PviY K‡i gnvb †bÎxi cÖwZ evsjvi mv‡o 7 †KvwU gvby‡li kÖ×vN© wb‡e`b K‡ib|

Bw›`ivRxi AfqevYx

i³mœvZ weaŸ¯— I wecbœ m¦vaxb evsjv‡`‡k c`vc©b K‡iB fvi‡Zi cÖavb gš¿x kÖxgZx Bw›`iv MvÜx AfqevYx ïwbqv‡QbÐ evsjvi exi RbZv myLx I mg„×kvj x mgvR Mo‡Z m¶g n‡eB| evsjv‡`‡ki Zgmv”Qbœ 9 wU gv‡mi †h Ð KÚwU Avgv‡`i evisevi ÔÔI‡i fq bvB †Zvi fq bvB, wbt‡k‡l cÖvY †h Kwi‡e `vb, ¶q bvB Zvi ¶q bvBÕÕ e‡j Avk¦vm w`‡q‡Qb †mB exiv½YvÐ K‡Ú AwaKvwibx fviZxq RbM‡Yi Adziš— fvjevmv I ï‡f”Qvi evYx e‡q wb‡q gy³ ivRavbx XvKvq G‡m‡Qb| MZKvj w`j−x †_‡K mivmwi wegvb e›`‡i †cuŠ‡Q evmm cÖwZwbwai m‡½

GK mv¶vrKv‡i wZwb e‡jb †h, Avwg wbwðZ `„p msKíe× evsjv‡`‡ki

Rbmvavi‡Yi myLx I mg„×kvjx †`k M‡o Zyj‡Z m¶g n‡e|

wZwb AviI e‡jb †h, fviZ I evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨Kvi ‰gÎx I fvZ„‡Z¡i eÜb AviI †Rvi`vi n‡e| `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q GKB Av`k© I fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi `„p msKí| wZwb Avkv cÖKvk K‡ib †h, GB `„p msKíB

`yÕ‡`‡ki D¾j fwel¨r iPbvq m¶g n‡e| 313

fwel¨r fvM¨ iPbvi †h Avk¦vmevYx wZwb XvKv wegvb e›`‡i `vuwo‡q evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi cÖwZ Rvbv‡jb, †mB AwZcwiwPZ Avk¦vm aŸwb GZw`b

cuwP‡k gv‡P©i Kvjiv‡Zi ci †_‡K †lvjB wW‡m¤¦i ch©š— wefxwlKvgq w`b ¸‡jvi ¯§„wZ I wbcxwoZ, wbh©vwZZ evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li gb †_‡K gy‡Q hvqwb| cuwP‡k gv‡P©i ci cvKRj−v`Ð evwnbx Suvwc‡q ci‡jv wbixn wbiciva AvevjÐe„×ewbZvi Dci| nZ¨v, jyÚb, al©Y Pj‡jv Aev‡a I Aejxjvµ‡g| cÖPÛ N~wY©S‡o SvcUvi AvnZÐcvLxi gZ evsjvi gvbyl kni †_‡K Mªv‡g, Mªvg †_‡K Mªvgvš—‡i Qy‡U †eov‡Z jvM‡jv mvgvb¨ AvkÖ‡qi Avkvq| cÖv‡Y †eu‡P _vKvi ZvwM‡`| i“cmx evsjv jvj n‡q DV‡jv knx`‡ì i‡³| GK †KvwU gvbyl mxgvš— †cwi‡q AvkÖq wb‡jv fvi‡Zi gvwU‡Z| BwZnv‡mi GgbwU `y‡hv©Mgq gyû‡Ë©© AvkÖ‡q I Avk¦v‡mi evYx wb‡q GwM‡q G‡jb fvi‡Zi gnvb †bÎx kÖxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx| wek¦we‡eK‡K RvMªZ Kivi Rb¨ wZwb D`vË K‡Ú AvnŸvb Rvbv‡jb, gvbeZvi bv‡g †Zvgiv G MYnZ¨v eÜ Kivi Rb¨ GwM‡q G‡mv| wbcxwoZ, wbh©vwZZ `yt¯n gvbyl¸‡jv‡K †Zvgiv evuPvI| kÖxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜxi AvKzj Av‡e`‡b †mw`b A‡bK †`kB mvov †`qwb| kvwš—, cÖMwZ, m¦vaxbZv I gvbeZvi evYx‡K MjvwU‡c nZ¨v K‡i Zviv †mw`b wbie `k©‡Ki gZ `vuwo‡qwQ‡jv| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb †`k wbR‡ì N„b¨ m¦v_© PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ c‡iv¶ I cÖZ¨¶fv‡e Rj−v` wk‡ivgwY Bqvwnqv Pµ‡KB mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| AvZ© I wecbœ gvbeZvi †mevq †mw`b †KD GwM‡q bv G‡jI kÖxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx G‡mwQ‡jb `xß c`‡¶‡c| ÔÔhw` †Zvi WvK ï‡b †KD bv Av‡m,Z‡e GKjv Pj‡iÕÕÐ Kwe¸i“ GB gnvb evYx‡K ey‡K avib K‡i †mw`b wZwb GKjvB msMªvg K‡i‡Qb mg¯— cÖwZKzj cwi‡e‡ki m‡½| kªxgZx Bw›ìv †mw`b wQ‡jb Avgv‡ì Avk¦vm, mvnm I msMªv‡gi m½x| i³v³ msMªv‡gi ga¨ w`‡qB fviZ I evsjv‡`‡ki ivLxeÜb n‡q‡Q| G eÜb A‡”Q`¨| fvi‡Zi cÖavb gš¿x Bw›ìv MvÜx evi evi e‡j‡Qb, ÔÔevsjv‡`k‡K m¦ivR †c‡Z Avgiv hv mvnvh¨ w`‡qwQ Zv Avgv‡ì Av`k© I bxwZi AbymiYgvÎ|ÕÕ evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi Av`k© Awfbœ| G‡Ki m‡½ A‡bï †Kvb Awgj †bB| kvwš—, cÖMwZ, m¦vaxbZv I RbM‡Yi `vwi`ª¨ †gvP‡bi m¦v‡_©B `y‡Uv †`‡ki g‡a¨ ‰gÎx åvZ„‡Z¡i eÜb AUyU ivLvi cÖ‡qvRb AvR me†P‡q †ekx| Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi evsjv‡`k I fviZ GKB gv‡qi `ywU mš—v‡bi gZ eÜyZ¡ I åvZ„‡Z¡i eÜb eRvq †i‡L GwM‡q hv‡e wbw`ó j‡¶ï w`‡K|

314

“Bangladesh Observer” Dacca, Saterday, 18th March, 1972

INDIA WANTS A STRONG BANGLADESH: INDIRA GANDHI

We will march together

Bharatratna Srimati Indira Gandhi, addressing a mammoth public meeting in Dacca on Friday, said that India and Bangladesh would march together to peace and prosperity. The two countries, she said, would share the burden of the oppressed humanity and create a new Asia for the future generation. The Indian Prime Minister described Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as a leader of the oppressed people of the world and not of Bangladesh alone. She hoped that under the able leadership of the Bangabandhu Bangladesh would prosper and grow from strength to strength. She called upon the people of Bangladesh to strengthen the Bangabandhu’s hands in rebuilding the new born state. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman addressed the meeting early to welcome the quest. The meeting, the biggest ever in Dacca, was held at the Shahid Suhrawardy Udyan ( former Race Course) on the Bangabandhu’s 53rd birthday. Mrs Ghandhi said that her country would provide all possible assistance to Bangladesh in reconstructing the newly independent country. She however said that one should not be under the impression that with the achievement of independence all problems facing the country would be solved. She said that it was a gigantic task and it could be achieved through dedicated and selfless services of all. To enjoy the fruits of independence, Mrs. Gandhi emphasised, every citizen would have to work with devotion. “It is a hard task.” she observed. Even then she said the people would have to achieve there goal by their dedicated services towards growing a happy society. She said that the independence would be meaningless unless people be provided with food shelter and education. 315

Bangladesh would have to stand on her own and chalk out her own plans and programmes to reach her goal. In this context Mrs. Gandhi quoted in Hindi the famous poem of Tagore ( jodi tor dak shune kew na ashe tabe ekla chal re) and urged Bangladesh to go ahead alone even if responses to her needs were not forthcoming from any quarter.

Referring to the help and assistance given by India in the liberation struggle of Bangladesh and afterwards. The Indian Prime Minister said that her country did it for a cause, the cause of the oppressed humanity.

She said that the peoples of Bangladesh and India would march together and share burden of the oppressed humanity and help create a new Asia for the future generation.

The Indian Premier said that her country had no territorial ambition nor she did want to dominate over others. She said that it was India’s interest that Bangladesh grew as a strong and powerful country.

She said that every country in the world should follow their own ideology, customs and traditions in building a happy and prosperous society.

Mrs. Gandhi said that Bangladesh and India had many identitical views on a number of national and international issues; but each country should follow its own path in establishing a happy society in their respective countries. The basis of friendship between the two countries, she said, should be on the basis of mutual respect for each other’s views and policies.

Referring to the participation of Indian Army in the liberation war of Bangladesh. Mrs. Gandhi said that the Indian Army shed their blood in the soil of Bangladesh and their blood was mingled with that of the freedom fighters of Bangladesh. She said “this has strengthened our friendship.” 316

Paying glowing tributes to the youths of Bangladesh-the valiant Mukti Bahini and the members of the Students League, she said the struggle of the brave sons of Bangladesh was crowned with success.

Recalling the early phase of the liberation struggle, Mrs. Gandhi said that the true followers of Sheikh Mujib had continued their struggle after Sheikh Mujib was arrested and taken to Pakistan. The followers of Sheikh Mujib, she said had set up their headquarters at Mujnibnagar and spread the message of the liberation struggle all over the world.

Mrs. Gandhi said that she was happy to note today that many of the countries were according recognition to Bangladesh, although some of them took indifferent attitude to the cause of the suffering humanity in Bangladesh at the initial stage. There were also many rich countries among them.

She said that at that critical hour, the people of India, who are themselves pior came forward to the help and assistance the oppressed people of Bangladesh.

In supporting the liberation struggle of Bangladesh and demanding release of Sheikh Mujib. India had incurred the displeasure of some countries but she remained firm in her stand, Mrs. Gandhi said.

The Indian Prime Minister cautioned that some forces were now active to drive a wedge between the India Bangladesh friendship. But they would fall in their sinister moves, she declared.

Speaking about her own country, she said that she was committed to remove poverty from India. She, however, said that it was not a task to be achieved overnight and her people had now realised it. Mrs. Gandhi said that people of India were now confident that poverty would be removed in due time.

Mrs. Gandhi began her speech first in Bengali. She said in Bengali that she had carried with her the love and affection of the 317

55 crore Indians for the people of Bangladesh. She said that it was an auspicious day because, the birthday of the Bangabandhu also coincided with her visit to Banglaedesh. At this point she recited a verse from Tagore. But then Apologising for her inability to speak in Bangali fluently she switched over to Hindi.

The national anthems of India and Bangladesh were rendered by a troupe of 125 vocal and instrumental artists when Indira Gandhi accompanied by the Bangabandhu went up the dais.

Sardar Swaran Singh also took his seat in the dais Begum Mujib with her youngest son Russel sat beside Mrs. Gandhi on the dais. The members of the Bangladesh cabinet took their seats on the dais which was tastefully decorated.

The Indian Premier concluded her 20 minute speech with the slogan of Bharat Bangladesh Moitri Zindavad and Bangladesher Neta Sheikh Mujib Zindabad.

“Bangladesh Observer” Dacca, Saterday, 18th March, 1972 Friendships at all cost: Mujib

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman told the mammoth public meeting in Dacca on Friday that if needed the people of Bangladesh would not hesitate took give more blood to preserve their hard-earned independence.

The Bangabandhu, speaking at the meeting which was later addressed by Mrs. Indira Gandhi, said that his people were also ready to lay down their lives to maintain the friendship between India and Bangladesh. Lakhs of people who had converged at the Shahid Suhrawardy Udyan (former Race Course) to hear him and the Indian Prime Minister. Mrs. Gandhi, expressed their willingness by raising hands to make supreme sacrifice in preserving freedom and maintaining Indo- Bangladesh Friendship.

Expressing the gratitude of people of Bangladesh to the people of India and her Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi, the Bangdhu 318

said that it was a great occasion for the Bangalis to find Mrs. Gandhi amidst them. The Bangabandhu said, “we are happy that we could bring the friend of the oppressed people here today”

The Bangabandhu further said that Mrs. Gandhi would not be able to stop her tears if she could see the marks of brutality of the Pakistani Army all over Bangladesh. But due to the disruption of communications Mrs. Gandhi could not be taken to other places.

He said that those of the Pakistan Army who were responsible for killings and other heinous crimes would be brought to Bangladesh from their present abode in P.O.W. camps in India.

Recalling the services rendered by the people of India and Mrs. Indira Gandhi for the cause of Bangladesh, the Bangabandhu said that he had nothing to offer to the Indian Prime Minister except the infinite love and affection of the seven and a half crore Bangalis.

The Bangabandhu said that Mrs. Gandhi was not only the leader of the biggest democratic country in the world; she was the acclaimed leader of the oppressed humanity. The Bangabandhu said that he would also work hand in hand with Mrs. Gandhi for the oppressed people.

The Bangabandhu said that the barbarous Pakistan Army devastated Bangladesh. They killed 30 lakh people, dishonored two lakh women, looted food godowns and destroyed industries. Even then their thirst for blood had not been quenched, he said. They were out to kill the four lakh Bangalis now trapped in Pakistan. The Bangalis were taken to the concentration camps. The Bangabandhu apprehended another genocide by Pakistan on the Bangalis and that in Pakistan.

However, the Bangabandhu said that the Bangalis did not believe in revenge. “We want to live in peace with others”, he added.

Lauding the role of Mrs. Indira Gandhi for the cause of Bangladesh, the Bangabandhu said that with motherly care she gave shelter to one crore displaced Bangalis. He said that India not 319

only fed the displaced persons at that time, she also contributed generously to Bangladesh after her liberation. He said that India gave monetary help, repaired damaged communication lines and also promised to give five lakh tons of foodgrains.

Speaking about the deep friendship between India and Bangladesh, the Bangabandhu said that some imperialist forces were trying to spread a propaganda that Indian Army would not leave Bangladesh so soon. He said that their motive had been frustrated; the Indian Army left Bangladesh ahead of schedule.

At the same breadth, the Bangabandhu said, “The Bangalis are not a coward people”, they know how to stand against any oppression.

He cautioned the people that conspiracies were still going on to frustrate the hardearned independence of Bangladesh. The imperialist forces who opposed the liberation movement were still active, he observed.

The Prime Minister said that preservation of independence was a difficult as achieving it. He asked the people to be vigilant against conspiracies. If needed he said, the arms deposited by the people with the Government would be returned to them to maintain independence. Thirty lakh people had laid down their lives for achieving independence and to preserve it even one crore people would not hesitate to lay down their lives, he observed. The Bangabandhu said that some forces were instigating people on various issues. Major issues could not be solved overnight he said.

The Bangabandhu said that those who would try to create confusion among the people at this stage would be treated as Razzakar and Al Badr gangsters.

The Bangabandhu concluded his ten-minutes speech with the slogans of “Joy Bangla”; ‘Joy Bharat’, “Joy Indira” and “Bharat- Bangla Bandhutta Zindabad.”

“Bangladesh Observer” 320

Dacca, Saterday, 18th March, 1972 Human Sea

Suhrawardy Udyan (formerly Race Course Ground) turned into a vast human sea on Friday. Hundreds of thousands of people from all work of life throughout Bangladesh converged into the Maidan to have a glimpse of Mrs. India Gandh, the Prime Minister of India, and express their gratitude to her. Standing atop a 35 foot high boat-shaped “Yostrum Mrs. Indira Gandhi and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman addressed the mammoth gathering. The rostrum was named ‘India Mancha’. From early morning on the day people started to assemble at the Maidan. They came in processions, in buses and trucks, in rickshaws and on foot. By noon the whole Maidan was filled up , still countless human streams coming to it. A large number of blocks were created for the audience to maintain discipline in the historic meeting. Seating arrangement for 50,000 women in the Maidan was made. For the first time a public meeting in Dacca drew such a huge gathering of women audience. The women audience included a large number of Burqa-clad ladies from conservative Muslim families . Many of them were fairly old and came with their children. Large number inscribing Various slogans were hung in the meeting place. Some of the slogans were: long life Indira-Mujib : long life Bharat-Bangladesh Maitri (friend ship); Joy Bangla Joy Bharat and great leader Indira-Zindabad. Four hundred loud Speakers were affixed on long bamboo poles. National Flags of India and Bangladesh flew on the rostrum. Strict discipline was maintained althrough the meeting. With rapt attention and in pin drop silence the audience ence listened to

Mrs. Indira Gandhi and the Bangladesh. The speeches of Mrs.

Indira Gandhi and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman were punctuated by cheerful clappings and full throated Joy Bangla slogans. At one. stage when Mrs. Gandhi and Bangabandhu came to the Maiden at 321

about 3:30 p.m the crowed became almost uncontrollable as

everyone was eager to have a glmipse of the two great leaders.

For the last few days people from distant arears of the country were started touring in the city to attend the meeting. Rail, road and river transports were heavily crowded. People availed even the roofs of the transports. By Friday hotel accommodation in the city was almost impossible to get. The enthusiastic people who had no kith and kin in the city passed their time on the verandahs of city dwellings and on the rail way platforms and terminals.

MYZvwš¿K †`k fvi‡Zi cÖavb gš¿xi evsjv‡`k mdi Ges Zuvnvi eÜy‡Z¡i nvZ m¤cÖmviY H mgq evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq wQj|

AwfgZ I wm×vš— t igbv ‡im‡Kvm© gq`vb, eZ©gvb †mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b 1948 mb nB‡Z wewfbœ mg‡q AbywôZ Rbmfv¸wj Ges 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L H D`¨v‡bB

Aby‡”Q‡`i †cÖ¶vc‡U Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBqv‡Q|

Abyôvb BwZnvm m„wó Kwiqv‡Q Ges †mB Kvi‡Y GB ¯’vb¸wj 24 Aby‡”Q‡` e¨³

HwZnvwmK ¯’vb| Kv‡RB D³ ¯’vb¸wj i¶Yv‡e¶Y KiY miKv‡ii mvsweavwbK `vwqZ¡

I KZ©e¨|

cÖwZev`x miKvi c‡¶ Dcw¯’Z weÁ A¨vUwY©Ð‡Rbv‡ij g‡nv`q `iLv¯—Kvix c‡¶ DÌvwcZ `vexi cÖwZev` K‡ib bvB, eiÂ GK gZ †cvlY c~e©K mg_©b

Kwiqv‡Qb|

we‡k¦i BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ `„KcvZ Kwi‡j cÖZxqgvb nB‡e †h †mB cÖvPxbKvj nB‡Z ivRvÐev`kvMY wewfbœ ¯’vcbv wbgv©Y Kwiqv wMqv‡Qb| H mKj ¯’vcbv Z`vbxš— b mf¨Zvi mv¶¨ ev wb`k©b wnmv‡e iwnqv‡Q Ges BwZnv‡mi Aš—f©~³ nBqv‡Q| GB 322

cÖm‡½ cÖvPxb wgk‡ii wcivwgW, wùsm I dvivI‡`i g~wZ©, MªxK I †ivgK mf¨Zvi wewfbœ ¯’vcbv D‡j−L‡hvM¨| Avevi A‡bK ¯’vcbv iwnqv‡Q hvnv ivóª ev e¨w³ we‡k‡li cÖ‡qvR‡b wbg©vY Kiv nBqvwQj wKš‘ cieZx©†Z HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ jvf

A‡bK mgq mvaviY ¯’vcbvI cÖvPxb‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ jvf K‡i, †hgb niàvÐg‡nb Rv `v‡ov, †ivgK jwÛwfqvg (jÛb) G L„óc~‡e©i wewfbœ ¯’vcbv|

Avgv‡ì †`‡kI biwmswì wbKU cÖvß Dqvix e‡Uk¦i ev Kzwgj−vi gqbvgwZ ev e¸ovi gnv¯’v‡b cÖvß wewfbœ cÖvPxb ¯’vcbv Avwe¯K…Z nBqv‡Q| ga¨cÖv‡PÏ wewfbœ

¯’v‡b wejyß bMixi wb`k©b cvIqv hvq| nvRvi nvRvi ermi c~‡e©i wewfbœ mf¨Zvi mgq wbwg©Z wejyß bMix¸wj cÖZœZZ¡we`MY AZ¨š— h‡Zœi mwnZ Lbb KiZt Bnv‡`i cyivZb ¤§„wZ cybi“×vi Kwievi Kv‡h© wb‡qvwRZ| Zvnv‡`i Avwe¯K…Z GKwU mvaviY nv¤§vgLvbv ev mœvbvMviI HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ jvf K‡i, KviY H ¯œvbvMviwU cÖgvY

K‡i †h H mgqKvi gvbyl c„_K ¯œvbvMvi e¨envi Kwievi gZ mf¨ wQj|

we‡k¦i eû RvqMvq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© hy‡×i ¯’vb¸wj HwZnvwmK ¯’vb ewjqv wPwýZ nBqv‡Q| 624 m‡b AbywôZ e`‡ii hy× m¤ú‡K© ejv nq †h D³ hy× gvbe mf¨Zvi BwZnvm cwieZ©b mvab Kwiqv‡Q Kv‡RB Avewk¨Kfv‡eB D³ hy×

HwZnvwmK Ges hy‡×i ¯’vb GKwU HwZnvwmK ¯’vb| 1066 m‡b the Battle of Hastings

G William the Conquerer Saxon King Harold †K civwRZ Kwiqv Bsj¨vÛ `Lj K‡ib|

Bsj¨v‡Ûi Hastings Gi †h ¯’v‡b King Harold P¶y‡Z Zxiwe× nBqv †Nvov nB‡Z cwZZ nb Ges g„Zy¨ eiY K‡ib, †mB ¯’vbwU HwZnvwmK ¯’vbiƒ‡c wPwýZ iwnqv‡Q|

1215 m‡b Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivYx wgW& bvgK ¯’v‡b Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRv John –II Zvnvi iv‡R¨i Rwg`vi I wekc‡`i mwnZ GKwU mg‡SvZv m¥vi‡K m¦v¶i K‡ib| BnvB c„w_ex weL¨vZ Magna Carta |

fvlY msµvš— Av‡jvPbvq ejv hvq †h me©‡kÖô HwZnvwmK fvlY nBj 632 m‡b g°vkix‡di wbKUeZx© AvivdvZ gq`v‡b nhiZ †gvnv¤§` (`i“` I mvjvg) cÖ`Ë we`vq n‡R¡i †kl fvlY| H fvl‡Y wZwb gvbe gyw³i evYx ïbvB‡jb| fvl‡Yi

†kl fv‡M Avj−vni bex wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, ÔÔ†n Avj−vn Avwg wK †Zvgvi wb‡`©k h_v_©fv‡e †NvlYv KwiqvwQ ?ÕÕ mg‡eZ j¶vwaK D¤§Z GKev‡K¨ AvIqvR

BwZnv‡mi w`‡K `„KcvZ Kwi‡j Avgiv †`wLe †h L„‡ói R‡b¥i 399 ermi c~‡e© m‡µwUm wePv‡i ‡`vlx mve¨¯— nBqv †ngjK cv‡b g„Zy¨i gy‡LvgywL `uvovBqv

G¨v‡_Ýevmx‡`i m¤§y‡L GK Awem¥iYxq fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib| hvnv wZwb †kl K‡ib

ÔÔIt is now time to depart, for me to die, for you to live. But which of us is going to a better state is unknown to everyone but God.ÕÕ

23 kZ ermi ci 1861 m‡b hy³iv‡óª M„nhy× Avi¤¢ nq| 1863 m‡b

Gettysburg kn‡ii wbKU GK hy‡× BDwbqb evwnbx Rq jvf Kwi‡jI eû ‰mb¨ cÖvY nvivq| hy³iv‡óª ZLbI †Kvb RvZxq mgvwa‡¶Î wQj bv| Gettysburg kn‡ii Gi

GKRb bvgRv`v G¨vUwY© David Wills GKwU RvZxq mgvwa‡¶‡Îi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv me© cÖ_g Dcjwä K‡ib| wm×vš— nq †h Gettysburg hy×‡¶‡Îi GKwU Ask GB cweÎ mgvwa‡¶‡Îi Rb¨ DrmM© Kiv nB‡e| GB DrmM© Dcj‡¶¨ hy³iv‡óªi me©v‡c¶v

L¨vwZgvb e³v Edward Everett ‡K cÖavb e³v wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ Kiv nq| 19‡k b‡f¤¦†i DrmM© Abyôv‡b wZwb †mvqv `yB N›Uv e³„Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| hy³iv‡óªi

‡cÖwm‡W›U wnmv‡e RvZxq mgvwa‡¶Î AvbyôvwbKfv‡e D‡×vab Kwievi c~‡e© ‘a few appropriate remarks’ cÖ`vb Kwievi Rb¨ Abraham Lincoln ‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbvb nq|

K‡ib GB ewjqv †h ‘...... that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perrish from the earth. 324

wKš‘ GB msw¶ß fvl‡Yi Kvi‡Y Abraham Lincoln hy³ivóª I hy³ivR¨ me©ÎB cÖejfv‡e mgv‡jvwPZ nb| wKš‘ cieZx©‡Z mK‡j Zuvnvi e³„Zvi ¸i“Z¡ I gg©v_©

Dcjwä Kwiqv wknwiZ nq| fvlYwU HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡jvf K‡i Ges BwZnv‡m cwiYZ nq| †mB m‡½ Gettysburg RvZxq mgvwa‡¶Î HwZnvwmK ¯§„wZ wb`k©†b cwiYZ nq|

†h ¯’v‡b Abraham Lincoln fvlY cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb †mLv‡b Zuvnvi GKwU Ave¶ g~wZ© wbg©vY KiZt wekvj GKwU ¯§„wZ‡mŠa Mwoqv †Zvjv nBqv‡Q| †mB¯’v‡b c~Y© fvlYwU gyw`ÖZ Kwiqv ivLv nBqv‡Q| Bnv GLb we‡k¦i m¦vaxbZvKvgx gvby‡li GKwU

cÖvq GKkZ ermi ci, IqvwksU‡bi Lincoln Memorial Gi m¤§y‡L 1963 m‡b

28‡k AMv÷ Zvwi‡L Rev. Martin Luther King, JR. GK gg©¯úkx© e³„Zvq e‡jb ‘ I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and ...... Õ| wbtm‡›`‡n Bnv

GKwU HwZnvwmK fvlY|

Dc‡i wewfbœ ¯’vcbv, wewfbœ NUbv, wewfbœ fvl‡Yi D‡j−L Kiv nBqv‡Q| cÖZxqgvb nq †h, D³ ¯’vcbv¸wj hLb wbg©vY Kiv nq ZLb mswk−ó †Kvb e¨w³B g‡b K‡ib bvB †h Zuvnviv BwZnvm m„wó Kwi‡Z‡Qb ev Zuvnv‡`i Kg© HwZnvwmK|

HwZnvwmKMY H¸wj‡K HwZnvwmK MY¨ Kwiqv‡Qb| GBfv‡eB hy‡M hy‡M wewfbœ ¯§„wZ wb`k©b, e¯—y ev ¯’vbmg~n HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡m¤úbœ ev Zvrch©gwÛZ wnmv‡e m¦xK…wZ cÖvß nBqv‡Q|

D‡j−L¨ †h hy³iv‡óªi msweav‡b HwZnvwmK ¯’vb ev mgvwa †mŠa msi¶Y m¤¦wjZ ‡Kvb Aby‡”Q` ev weavb bv _vwK‡jI cÖvq cÖwZwU ‡óU& GB msµvš—

AvBb cvk Kwiqv‡Q| Zvnv Qvov, 1895 m‡b Ks‡Mªm Gettysburg National

Military Park AvBb cÖYqb K‡i|

evsjv‡`‡k msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q` e¨wZ‡i‡K †Zgb †Kvb AvB‡bi Aw¯—Z¡ cvIqv hvq bv|

c~‡e© ¯§„wZ‡mŠa Ges cÖZœZvwË¡K, HwZnvwmK A_ev ‰kwíK Zvrch©gwÛZ e¯—y i¶v‡_© Ancient Monuments Preservations Act, 1904 (Act VII of 1904) wQj| cieZx©‡Z 325

The Antiquities Act, 1968 (Act XIV of 1968) cÖYxZ nq| D³ AvBb cvwK¯—v‡bi 1962 m‡bi msweav‡bi 131 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq cÖYxZ nBqv‡Q ewjqv cÖ¯—vebvq eY©bv

Kiv nBqv‡Q hvnv ågvZ¡K ewjqv cÖZxqgvb nB‡Z‡Q|

†mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡bB D³ fvlY¸wj cÖ`vb Kiv nBqvwQj| `iLv¯—Kvixc‡¶ cÖv_©bv Kiv nq †h GKwU KwgwU gvidr D³ fvlY cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb¸wj wPwýZ KiZt

†Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&i fvlY| wRbœvni †bZ„‡Z¡ cvwK¯—vb AR©b m¤¢e nBqvwQj| Zvnv‡K gvÎ GK bRi †`wLevi Rb¨ igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wekvj

RbmgvMg nBqvwQj| wRbœvn b~Zb †`k cvwK¯—vb m¤¦‡Ü wKQy bxwZ wba©viYx e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib wKš‘ wZwb hLb cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóª fvlv ïaygvÎ D`©y nB‡e ewjqv †NvlYv cÖ`vb K‡ib ZLb Dcw¯’Z wekvj RbZv ¯—w¤¢Z nBqv hvq|

D‡j−L¨ †h evOvwj gymjgvbM‡Yi †fv‡Ui kw³Øviv mgMª fviZe‡l©i gymjgvbM‡Yi m¦v_© iw¶Z nBZ| 1940 m‡b mgMª fviZe‡l© gymwjg jxM nB‡Z wbe©vwPZ GKgvÎ evsjvi evOvwj cÖavbgš¿x †k‡i B evsjv G ‡K dRjyj nK weL¨vZ jv‡nvi cÖ¯—ve Avbqb K‡ib| 1946 m‡bi wbe©vP‡b cvwK¯—vb Bm¨y‡Z evsjvi gymjgvbMY 97% †fvU gymwjg jxM‡K cÖ`vb K‡i| GKBfv‡e 1946 m‡b fviZe‡l© GKgvÎ wbe©vwPZ evsjvi Avi GK cÖavb gš¿x †nv‡mb knx`

†mvn&ivIqv`x© w`j−x Kb&‡fbk‡b GKK cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ¯—ve iv‡Lb| cvwK¯—vb m¦vaxb nBevi ci Constitutent Assembly †Z c~e©e‡½i Ask nB‡Z 6wU m`m¨ c`

AevOvwj‡ì Qvwoqv †Ìqv nq| wKš‘ cvwK¯—v‡bi 56% Aaywl¨Z Rb‡Mvôxi gvZ„fvlv evsjv fvlv‡KI cwiZ¨vM Kwievi †NvlYv ïwbqv evOvwj gvb‡m 50 ermi m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi ci wekvj GKwU av°v Lvq| m¦‡cœi cvwK¯—vb m¤¦‡Ü Zvnv‡ì †h aviYv wQj Zvnv‡Z GB cÖ_gev‡ii gZ GKwU gvivZ¥K †bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv (Negative 326

D‡j−L¨ †h 1947 m‡b cvwK¯—vb m„wó nBevi ci nB‡Z G †`‡k †Kvb w`bB

MYZš¿ PP©v nq bvB| †RvovZvwj w`qv 1956 m‡b GKwU msweavb iwPZ nBj e‡U wKš‘ `yB erm‡ii gv_vq †`‡k cÖ_g gvk©vj j Rvix nIqvq MYZš¿ m¤c~Y©fv‡e wejyß nq| †`‡k GKbvqKZ¡ cÖwZwôZ nq| †mB m‡½ wejyß nq c~e©e‡½i b¨vh¨ Ask cÖvwßi Avkv| GB †cÖ¶vc‡U 1966 m‡b †kL gywRe c~Y© m¦vqZ¡kvmb cvBevi `vex m¤¦wjZ 6 `dv wfwËK Av‡›`vjb `ye©vi fv‡e Mwoqv †Zv‡jb| AvBqye Lvb A‡¯¿i fvlvq Bnvi Reve w`evi û¼vi cÖ`vb K‡ib| †kL gywRe‡K AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvq GK b¤¦i Avmvwg Kiv nq, cÖgvb nB‡j hvnvi kvw¯— wQj g„Zy¨| evsjvi gvby‡li cÖej Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L D³ gvgjv cvwK¯—vb miKvi cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡Z eva¨ nq| †kL gywRe 1969 m‡bi 22†k †deªyqvwi gyw³ cvb| c~‡e© cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi 4wU cÖ‡`k jBqv GKwU BDwbU KiZt c~e© evsjvi msL¨v MwiôZv Le© Kiv nBqvwQj|

(adult franchise) cÖZ¨¶ ‡fv‡U mvaviY wbe©vPb `vex K‡ib| wZwb Dfq cÖ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ c~‡e© Av‡ivwcZ msL¨v mvg¨ evwZj `vex K‡ib Ges 6 `dvi wfwË‡Z msweavb cÖYq‡bi `vex Rvbvb| D³ fvl‡YB wZwb 1940 m‡bi jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡ei Av½x‡K me© cÖ_g cvwK¯—v‡b Kb‡dWv‡ik‡bi Bw½Z cÖ`vb K‡ib|

1946 m‡b AbywôZ w`j−x Kb‡fbmb nB‡Z GKK cvwK¯—v‡bi †h fveavivq cvwK¯—vb m„wó nBqvwQj 1969 m‡bi 23†k †deªyqvwi Zvwi‡Li fvlY Zvnv nB‡Z m¤c~Y© GK b~Zb w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i| GB cÖ_g c~e©e‡½i msL¨v MwiôZvi 327

AwaKv‡ii `vex cÖejfv‡e DÌvwcZ nBj| GB mKj Kvi‡Y evsjvi †cÖ¶vc‡U Bnvi

Zrci Avgiv 1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡Li kc_ Mªnb Abyôvb m¤¦‡Ü

Av‡jvKcvZ Kwie|

Kiv nBqvwQj| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GB wekvj wbe©vPbx weRq 6 `dvi cÖwZ GB†`‡ki gvby‡li wbisKzk mg_©b ewjqv cwiMwYZ nq| Kv‡RB ivR‰bwZK `j wnmv‡e 6 `dv

Kvh©Ki KiY Ges 6 `dvi wfwË‡ZB msweavb cÖYqb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Aek¨ KZ©e¨ wQj| wKš— 1947 mb nB‡ZB cvwK¯—v‡bi ivRbxwZ cÖvmv` loh‡š¿ gwmwjß wQj|

GgbwK 1954 m‡b hy³d«‡›Ui f~wgaŸm weR‡qi c‡iI Z`vbxš—b c~e© evsjvq cÖvmv` lohš¿ cÖwZnZ Kiv m¤¢e nq bvB, AwZ m¦íKvj g‡a¨B MfY©‡ii kvmb c~e© evsjvq

Zuvnvi cÖvq cÖwZwU e³„Zvq lohš¿ nB‡Z mveavb Kwiqv‡Qb|

Kwi‡Z cv‡i †h mvgwiK Rvš—v †h †Kvb Dcv‡q G‡`‡ki gyw³ m~Î 6 `dv `vex‡K cÖwZnZ Kwi‡Z †h †Kvb c`‡¶c MªnY Kiv nB‡Z wcQcvI nB‡e bv|

`vexi A½xKvi nB‡Z ‡Kvb fv‡eB wePy¨r bv nB‡Z cv‡ib †m Kvi‡Y cÖKv‡k¨ j¶ j¶ gvby‡li m¤§y‡L mKj †bZ„e„›` 6 `dv‡K mgybœZ ivwLevi Rb¨ kc_ MªnY

K‡ib|

GB kc_ Mªn‡Yi gva¨‡g evOvwji wbKU cÖwZkª“Z 6 `dv `vex nB‡Z wePy¨r nBevi mKj c_ †kL gywRe mÁv‡b eÜ K‡ib| 328

6 `dv `vexi e¨vcv‡i †h †Kvb cÖKvi mg‡SvZvi AeKvk bvB Zvnv wZwb mKj‡K cwi¯‹vi fv‡e Dcjwä Kivb|

GB kc_ MªnY Abyôv‡bi ci mvgwiK Rvš—v cÖvgv` †Mv‡b †h 6 `dv `vex

M„nxZ nB‡j cvwK¯—vb ivRbxwZ‡Z Zvnv‡`i cÖvavb¨ †jvc cvB‡e| kc_ MªnY

Abyôv‡bi ci mvgwiK Rvš—v †h Zvnvi Dci w¶ß nB‡e Zvnv †kL gywRe fvjfv‡eB

Rvwb‡Zb wKš— Zvnvi c‡iI GB c`‡¶c B”QvK…Z fv‡e MªnY Kwiqv 6 `dv `vex‡K

GKwU point of no return cwiw¯’wZ‡Z jBqv Av‡mb hvnv‡Z nq 6 `dv cwic~Y© ev¯— evqb KiZt evOjv m¤ú~Y© m¦vqZ¡ kvmb cÖvß nB‡e A_ev 6 `dv 1 `dvq cwiYZ nB‡e| wZwb GB fv‡e RbMY‡K gvbwmK fv‡e cÖ¯—yZ Kwi‡Z wQ‡jb|

cÖK…Z c‡¶ †Kvb ivR‰bwZK `j KZ„©K Zvnv‡`i `vex jBqv GBiƒc cÖKvk¨ kc_ MªnY Kwievi †Kvb bwRi c„w_exi ivRbxwZi BwZnv‡m Avi bvB| GLv‡bB GB kc_ MªnY Abyôv‡bi HwZnvwmK PwiÎ|

1jv gvP© Zvwi‡L 3iv gvP© Zvwi‡L AbywôZe¨ RvZxq msm‡`i Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ nBevi m‡½ m‡½ evOvwj Rb‡Mvwô Dcjwä K‡i †h 6 `dv wfwËK m¦vqZ¡kvmb m~`~i civnZ| g~û‡Z© RbMY wb‡RivB m¦Zù~Z©fv‡e m¦vaxbZvi `vex jBqv iv¯—vq bvwgqv

Av‡m| GLv‡bB †kL gywR‡ei ivR‰bwZK K…wZZ¡ I mvdj¨| MZ `yB hyM awiqv wZwb evOvwj Rb‡Mvôx‡K †hfv‡e cÖ¯—yZ KwiqvwQ†jb RvZxq msm` Awa‡ekb

KiZt †kL gywRe †NvlYv Kwi‡jb ÔGev‡ii msMªvg Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMªvg Gev‡ii msMªvg m¦vaxbZvi msMªvg|Õ

GBfv‡e m¦vaxbZvi WvK w`‡jb|

ÔÔFriends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; 329

......

Put a tongue.

In every wound of caesar, they should move.

The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny.ÕÕ

wbtm‡›`‡n BwZnvm m„wó nBj|

Gevi 1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwi mfv cÖm½| 1971i m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb nBj| wKš‘ GB gyw³hy‡×i gnvbvqK †kL gywReyi ingvb ZLbI cvwK¯—v‡bi GK †RjLvbvq dvuwmi `ÛcÖvß Avmvwg wnmv‡e Aš—ixY wQ‡jb| weRq nBqvI weRq m¤c~Y© nq bvB|

mgMª we‡k¦i Pv‡c Ae‡k‡l cvwK¯—vb miKvi 1972 m‡bi 8B Rvbyqvwi

Zvwi‡L †kL gywRe†K gyw³ `vb Kwiqv jÛ‡b †cÖiY K‡i| 10B Rvbyqvwi wZwb w`j−x nBqv XvKvq AvMgY K‡ib| w`j−x wegvb e›`‡i fviZxq ivóªcwZ Zvunv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki RvwZi RbK wnmv‡e m¦vMZ Rvbvb|

wØcÖn‡i XvKv wegvb e›`‡i wZwb AvMgb Kwi‡j m¦vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki j¶ RbZv

Rb‡Mvwô‡K RvwZ wnmv‡e m¦xK…wZ †`q Zvnvi me KqwU Dcv`vb _vKv m‡Z¡I cvwK¯— vb mvgwiK Rvš—v memgq evOvwji RvwZm¦Ëv Am¦xKvi KiZt cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi

K‡jvbx wnmv‡e GB cÖ‡`k‡K e¨envi KwiZ| †kL gywRe Zvunvi ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi cÖvi¤¢ nB‡ZB GB ‰el‡g¨i wei“‡× †mv”Pvi wQ‡jb| Zrci 6 `dvi wfwË‡Z m¦vqZ¡kvm‡bi `vex I Zrci Zvunvi †bZ„‡Z¡B evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvwlZ nq|

†mLv‡b A‡c¶vgvb j¶ RbZvi mg¥y‡L wZwb hy×weaŸ¯— evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi g~j wfwË wnmv‡e MYZš¿, mgvRZš¿ I ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi gnvb Av`k© †NvlYv K‡ib| GB g~jbxwZi Dci wfwË KwiqvB cieZ©x‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb iwPZ nq| 330

evsjvi gvby‡li GB wbLv` cÖvYXvjv fvjevmv Ges GB weR‡qi gva¨‡g 7B gv‡P©i ÔGev‡ii msMªvg Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMªvg, Gev‡ii msMªvg m¦vaxbZvi msMªvgÕ

GB †NvlYvi mvdj¨ gwÛZ weRq †NvlYv Ges iv‡óªi fwelrZ iƒc‡iLv †NvlYv m¤úwK©Z 1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwii Rbmfv I fvlY Dfq‡KB HwZnvwmK Zvrch© cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Q|

1971 m‡bi 26†k gvP© Zvwi‡L hLb gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ nBj ZLb evsjv‡`k wQj m¤c~Y© GKvKx| cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK evwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡i wbcxwoZ RbMY evsjv‡`‡ki wZb w`‡K Aew¯’Z fviZxq cÖ‡`k¸wj‡Z cÖK…Z A‡_© wbtm¦ Ae¯’vq AvkÖq jB‡ZwQj| H mgq cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK Rvš—vi cÖej cÖwZev‡`i gy‡LI Bw›`iv MvÜxi

AvkÖq cÖ`vb Kwiqv Zvnv‡`i Rxeb i¶v K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Ges

†kL gywR‡ei Rxeb i¶v Kwievi Rb¨ we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k wZwb QywUqv †eovb| we‡k¦i e„nËg MYZvwš¿K ‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x nIqv m‡Z¡I Z`vbxš—b hy³ivóª miKvi evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ Zuvnvi e³e¨ ïay AMªvn¨ bq, Zvunv‡K AegvbbvI K‡i| wKš‘ wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ †mB AeÁv D‡c¶v Kwiqv hy³iv‡óªi RbM‡Yi wbKU

Av‡e`b iv‡Lb|

`yBkZ ermi c~‡e© d«vÝ †h fv‡e hy³iv‡óªi m¦vaxbZv hy‡× mwµq mnvqZv cÖ`vb KwiqvwQj, evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy‡×I fviZ miKvi Abyiƒc mnvqZv cÖ`vb

Dfq †¶‡ÎB Bw›`iv MvÜxi e¨w³MZ D‡`¨vM I Ae`vb Acwimxg| D‡j−L¨ †h fviZ me©cÖ_g evsjv‡`k‡K m¦vaxb ivóª wnmv‡e m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i| AviI D‡j−L¨ †h

Bw›`iv MvÜxB cÖ_g miKvi cÖavb whwb evsjv‡`‡k AvMgb K‡ib|

Kv‡R fviZ‡K evsjv‡`‡ki AK…wÎg eÜy †`k wnmv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kwi‡Z m¶g nb| 331

Avkvev` e¨³ K‡ib|

Av‡jvPbv Kwie|

26†k gvP© Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv nq Ges 16B wW‡m¤¦i weRq w`e‡mi gva¨‡g Zvnv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| Bnv ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi BwZnv‡m Dc‡iv³ `yBwU ZvwiL me©v‡c¶v ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| `yBwU ZvwiLB wbtm‡›`‡n

BwZnvm m„wó Kwiqv‡Q|

Alfred Jodl AvZ¥mgc©b `wj‡j m¦v¶i cÖ`vb K‡ib| wKš‘ †mvwf†qZ BDwbq‡bi K_vq cybivq 8B †g Zvwi‡L evwj©b kn‡i Avi GKwU AvZ¥mgc©b `wjj m¦v¶wiZ nq|

NUbvB BwZnv‡m Zvrch©c~Y© wnmv‡e ¯nvb Kwiqv jBqv‡Q| Z‡e 2q gnvhy× I Bnvi mgvwßi BwZnvm ïaygvÎ Dch©y³ GB `yBw`‡bi g‡a¨ mxgve× bq| we‡k¦i

HwZnvwmKMY 2q gnvhy‡×i BwZnvm wjwce× Kwi‡Z wMqv Avewk¨K fv‡eB j¶ j¶ wbivciva gvby‡li nZ¨v h‡Ái weeiY cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z †gv‡UB Kvc©Y¨ K‡ib bvB|

Zvnviv hy× Rq nB‡Z AvZ© gvbeZvi aŸsm jxjvi eY©bv AK…cYfv‡e cÖ`vb Kwiqv wMqv‡Qb, Zvnviv †cvjv‡Û I Rvg©vbx‡Z AbywôZ Holocaust Gi we¯—vwiZ weeiY cÖ`vb

Rvg©vbx I †cvjv‡Û Aew¯’Z AmsL¨ ea¨f~wgi Dci wbwg©Z mgvwa †mŠa¸wj †mB ee©iZvi Pv¶ym BwZnvm‡K GLbI bMœfv‡e cÖ`k©b Kwiqv hvB‡Z‡Q Ges gvbe mfZvi †bwZevPK w`K¸wj‡K cÖKU fv‡e cÖwZdwjZ Kwi‡Z‡Q| wbnZ j¶ j¶ 332

AZ¨vPvwiZ gvbyl‡K Zvnviv Ae‡njv ev Acgvb bv Kwiqv Zvnvw`‡Mi g„Zy¨‡K GKwU

†jLv Wv‡qixI BwZnv‡mi Ag~j¨ m¤ú‡`i gh©v`v cvBqv we‡k¦i cÖvq mKj cÖavb fvlvq Abyevw`Z nBqv‡Q| 2q gnvhy‡×i mgq G †`‡kI †h mKj ‰mb¨ g„Zy¨eiY

Kwi‡Z‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶, 2q gnvhy‡× hvnviv cÖvY nvivBqv wQ‡jb †mB mKj †`‡ki miKvi we‡k¦i me©Î Zvnv‡`i ¯§„wZ msi¶Y Kwievi Rb¨ mKj c`‡¶c MªnY

Kwiqv‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK evwnbx I Zvnv‡`i

AbyMvgxMY †h AZ¨vPvi, wbcxob, ee©iZv cÖ`k©b Kwiqv‡Q Zvnv †Rbv‡ij wbqvRxi m¦xK…Z g‡ZB eyLviv I evM`v‡` h_vµ‡g †P½xm Lvb I nvjvKz Lv‡bi ee©iZvi m‡½

Bnv m¦xK…Z mZ¨ †h evsjv‡`‡ki Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P eû RvqMvq MYnZ¨v I ea¨f~wg iwnqv‡Q| Bnvi mvgvb¨ K‡qKwUi weeiY, †hgbt PyKbMi, cvnvoZjx, e¸ov, iscyi cÖf„wZ ¯’v‡bi eY©bv Dc‡i cÖ`vb Kiv nBqv‡Q|

GB mKj j¶ j¶ wbivciva I nZfvM¨ gvby‡li KsKv‡ji Dci weRq w`e‡mi gÂ ¯nvwcZ| Avgiv Zvnv‡`i m¥iY Kwi ev bv Kwi, m¤§vb Kwi ev bv Kwi

Zvnviv Zvnv‡ì Rxeb w`qv BwZnv‡m ¯nvb Kwiqv jBqv‡Qb| ïaygvÎ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì exiZ¡ Muv_v bq, GB j¶ j¶ KsKvjI BwZnvm| Zvnv‡ì Ae‡njv Kwiqv m¦vaxbZvi †Kvb BwZnvmB †jLv m¤¢e bq| Zvnv‡ì AvZ©bv`‡K Am¦xKvi Kwiqv

†KvbI weRq wèm m¤c~Y© nB‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvnviv Zvnv‡ì i³ w`qv, m¤£g w`qv weRq wè‡mi BwZnv‡mi Ask nBqv iwnqv‡Q| Zvnv‡ì Am¦xKvi Kwi‡j evOvwj RvwZ

K…ZNœ RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ nB‡e|

fwel¨r cÖRb¥ GKw`b D³ cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©b Kwievi ¯nvb cwi`k©b Kwiqv wecbœ we®§‡q Me©‡eva Kwi‡e †h Zvnv‡`i c~e©cyi“lMY GB evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb Kwievi Rb¨ Zvnv‡`i Rxeb wemR©b w`qv‡Qb| fwel¨r cÖRb¥ Me©‡eva Kwi‡e 333

†h, AvR †h m¦vaxbZvi m~h© weivRgvb Zvnv Zvnv‡ìB Awe¯§iYxq `vb| fwel¨r cÖRb¥ AviI Dcjwä Kwi‡e †h, gyw³†hv×vMb †h Av`‡k©i Rb¨ Zvnv‡ì wb‡R‡ì cÖvY Ag−vY e`‡b wemR©b w`qv‡Qb †mB Av`k© Aek¨B mgybœZ ivwLevi `vwqZ¡ I

Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q Zvnv‡`i Rb¨B evsjv†`k m„wó Kwiqv wMqv‡Qb| fwel¨r cÖRb¥ gyw³‡hv×vM‡Yi †mB AZyjbxq Z¨v‡Mi `vbÐMªwnZv gvÎ| GB Kvi‡YB †h mKj

Kvnv‡iv bvB| Kvib GB ‡`k Ab¨ †Kn m„wó K‡i bvB| GB †`k gyw³‡hv×vMY

Zvunv‡`i i‡³i wewbg‡q m„wó Kwiqv‡Qb| gyw³‡hv×vMY m¦vaxbZv AR©b Kwiqv fwel¨r cÖK…Z gyw³i c_Ðwb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kwiqv wMqv‡Qb Ges cÖK…Z gyw³ AR©b Kwievi

fwel¨r cÖRb¥ †mvnivIqvwÏ© D`¨v‡bi wewfbœ ¯nv‡b c`Pvibv Kwiqv cvwK¯—vb m„wó nBevi gvÎ mvZ gvm ci nB‡Z wKfv‡e av‡c av‡c cÖ_‡g gvZ„fvlvi Rb¨ msMªvg, Zrci m¦vqZ¡kvm‡bi Rb¨ msMªvg, Zrci m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMªvg Kwiqv

Zvnv‡`i c~e© cyi“lMY GB †`k m¦vaxb Kwiqv‡Qb †hLv‡b Zvnviv GLb Mwe©Z ev½vwj cwiP‡q c`Pvibv Kwi‡Z‡Q Zvnviv Zvnv‡`i c~e©cyi“lM‡Yi GB †MŠiegq BwZnvm

Zvnviv GB †mvnivIqvw`© D`¨v‡b c`Pvibv Kwiqv ev½vwj RvwZi †kÖô AR©b gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm Rvwb‡Z cvwiqv we‡k¦i Av‡iv A‡bK m¦vaxb †`‡ki bvMwiK‡ì b¨vq AnsKvi ‡eva Kwi‡e| Zvnviv evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi BwZnv‡mi wcQ‡b AmsL¨ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì K_v m¥iY Kwiqv †cÖiYv jvf Kwi‡e Ges gyw³hy‡×i Kwó cv_‡i wb‡R‡ì Drm Dcjwä Kwi‡e|

Kwiqv weRq w`e‡mi ¯§„wZ†mŠ‡ai mg¥y‡L `vuovBqv Kwe kvgmyi ingv‡bi mwnZ

Dcjwä Kwi‡e t

ÔÔm¦vaxbZv Zywg iweVvKz‡ii ARi KweZv, Awebvkx Mvb| m¦vaxbZv Zywg 334

KvRx bRiy‡ji SvuuKov Py‡ji evewi †`vjv‡bv gnvb cyi“l, m„wó my‡Li Dj−v‡m KvucvÐ m¦vaxbZv Zywg knx` wgbv‡i Agi GKz‡k †deªyqvwii D¾¡j mfv| m¦vaxbZv Zywg cZvKvÐ‡kvwfZ †k−vMvbÐgyLi SvuSv‡jv wgwQj| m¦vaxbZv Zywg ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

GB †cÖ¶vc‡U gyw³hy× Kvjxb mgq evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯nv‡b Aew¯nZ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì mgvwa‡¶Î Ges ea¨f~wg wPwýZ KiZt msi¶Y Kwievi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kiv nB†Z‡Q| GB mKj ea¨f~wg Avgv‡ì gyw³ hy‡×i mv¶¨ wnmv‡e mgybœZ _vwK‡e| kZel© c‡i nB‡jI Avgv‡ì fwel¨r cÖRb¥ GB ea¨f~wgi mg¥~‡L `vuovBqv gyw³hy‡×i mgq wbnZ Zvnv‡ì c~e©cyi“lM‡Yi AvZ¥Z¨vM‡K mg¥vb cÖ`k©b Kwi‡e| GB mg¥vb cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g Zvnviv GKwU AvZ¥mg¥vb†eva m¤cbœ

RvwZ wnmv‡e we‡k¦i ìev‡i gv_v DuPy Kwiqv ùvovB‡Z cvwi‡e| GB mKj ea¨f~wgi m¤g~‡L `vuovBqv fwel¨r cÖRb¥ Dcjwä Kwi‡e †h gyw³‡hv×vM‡Yi i‡³i wewbg‡q, m¤£‡gi wewbg‡q Zvnviv AvR Mwe©Z RvwZ| Zvnviv m¥iY Kwi‡e beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv, gxig`b, †gvnbjvj†K; Zvnviv m¥iY Kwi‡e ZxZygxi, cÖdzj− PvwK, ¶ywìvg, gvóvi`v m~h©¨†mb, cÖxwZjZv Iqv‡`Ïvi, Bjv wgÎ‡K, Zvnviv bxi‡e m¥iY Kwi‡e

Av‡iv AmsL¨ bvg bv Rvbv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i, Zvnviv g‡b g‡b ewj‡e ÐÐPyc ! Av‡¯— ! !

Lye Av‡¯—, ax‡i, Ô wZô ¶YKvj; GB ¯nv‡b Avgv‡`i exiMY wPiwb`ªvq kvqxZ !!

Avgiv fywj bvB, Avgiv Zvnv‡`i AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi K_v fywj bvB !! fywj‡Z cvwi bv !!

wbtm‡›`‡n 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦†i AbywôZ cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi

†mB¯’vb HwZnvwmK ¯’vb| ZvnvQvov, gyw³hy× Kvjxb mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î †h mKj ea¨f~wg†Z cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx Ges Zvnv‡`i N„wbZ AbyMvgx kZ kZ wbivciva gvbyl‡K Lyb KwiqvwQj †mB mKj ea¨f~wgI BwZnv‡mi Aš—M©Z, HwZnvwmK

¯’vb| 335

eZ©gvb †gvKvÏgvq Avewk¨K fv‡eB evsjv‡`k m„wói cUf~wg m¤ú‡K© †ek wKQyUv Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nBqv‡Q| GB mKj eY©bvi †ekxifvM Dcv`vb evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Z_¨ gš¿bvjq KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ ÔÔevsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy× t `wjjcÎÕÕ

Gi 15 LÛ wmwiR Mªš’ Ges mswk−ó eû cy¯—K I ZrKvjxb msev` cÎ nB‡Z MªnY

Kiv nBqv‡Q|

ïay ZvnvB b‡n Bnv GKwU e¨wZµgagx© ixU †gvKvÏgvI e‡U| GB †gvKvÏgvi welqe¯—y I cÖv_©bvi mwnZ Avgv‡`i RvZxq BwZnvm I Av‡eM A½v½xfv‡e RwoZ iwnqv‡Q|

‡h †Kvb GKwU mvavib †gvKvÏgvi AvwR© ev ixU& †gvKvÏgvi ìLv‡¯— ev`x weev`x ev ìLv¯—Kvix I cÖwZev`xM‡Yi mswk−ó AZxZ BwZnvm I Kvh©µg eY©bvi cÖ‡qvRb nBqv c‡o| KviY D³ BwZnvm eY©bv I ch©v‡jvPbv e¨wZ‡i‡K ev`x weev`x ev ìLv¯—Kvixi we‡ivaxq welq gvgjvi KviY Ges CáxZ cÖwZKvi KL‡bvB cÖ`vb

Kiv Av`vj‡Zi c‡¶ m¤¢e nq bv|

eZ©gvb †¶‡ÎI GB e¨Zxµgagx© ixU& †gvKvÏgvi `iLv¯—KvixMY Ggb GKwU welq m¤¦‡Ü `vex I cÖv_©bv Kwiqv‡Qb hvnvi mwnZ evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm

Awew”Qbœfv‡e RwoZ| GB Rb¨B cÖK…Z †cÖ¶vc‡U `iLv¯—Kvixi Av‡e`b ü`q½g

Abyôv‡bi HwZnvwmK cUf~wgKv I Zvrch© we‡ePbv Kwievi Rb¨ Avewk¨Kfv‡eB evsjv‡`‡ki mswk−ó BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv cÖ‡qvRb nBqv‡Q| evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi

BwZnvmI †cÖ¶vcU Av‡jvPbv e¨wZ‡i‡K GB ixU& †gvKvÏgvi `iLv¯—KvixM‡Yi e³e¨ mwVK fv‡e Dcjwä Kiv m¤¢e nBZ bv| GLv‡b D‡j−L¨ †h wek¦weL¨vZ Jurist I hy³iv‡óªi mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes BwZnvm cÖm‡½ ewjqv wQ‡jb, “A page of history is worth a volume of Logic.”

G Kvi‡YB †hgb GKwU mvavib †gvKvÏgvi ev`x weev`xi `vexi wcQ‡bi

NUbv¸wj c~e©vci eY©bv Kwi‡Z nq †Zgwb eZ©gvb ixU& †gvKvÏgvqI evsjv‡`‡ki mswk−ó mg‡qi BwZnvm ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kwievi cÖ‡qvRb nBqv‡Q| 336

Zvwi‡L cª`Ë wRbœvn&i fvlY, 1969 m‡b 23 †k †deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L cÖ`Ë †kL gywR†ei fvlY, 7B gv‡P©i fvlY, 1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwi‡Z cÖ`Ë †kL gywR‡ei fvlY Ges 17B gvP© Zvwi‡L cÖ`Ë †kL gywRe I Bw›`iv MvÜxi fvlY

Zvwi‡Li kc_ MªnY Abyôvb Ges 16B wW‡m¤¦i weRq w`e‡m cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi

Kwiqv‡Q|

XvKv kni cË‡bi mgq nB‡ZB G ch©š— GKwU we‡kl GjvKv wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ nBqv‡Q Ges Bnvi GKwU HwZnvwmK I cwi‡ekMZ HwZn¨ Av‡Q| ïay ZvnvB bq,

GLv‡b Ggb †Kvb ¯’vcbv _vKv DwPZ bq hvnv GB GjvKvi BwZnvmÐHwZn¨ we›`ygvÎ

‡K g−vb Kwi‡Z cv‡i| cwi‡ekMZ w`K nB‡Z Zvnv AviI we‡aq bq KviY igbvi

Kwi‡Z‡Q| †Kvbfv‡eB Bnv‡K †ivMvµvš— Kiv hvq bv|

†h‡nZy m¥iY Kvj nB‡ZB Bnv D`¨vb wnmv‡e cwiwPZ †mB‡nZy 2000 m‡bi

GB mKj Kvi‡Y D³ D`¨vb nB‡Z mKj ai‡Yi ¯’vcbv I cÖwZeÜKZv

Awej‡¤¦ AcmviY Kwievi `vwqZ¡ I eva¨evaKZv wbwðZfv‡e miKv‡ii Dci b¨v¯—| 337

gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q AbywôZ nZ¨vh‡Ái ci †h mKj ¯’vb ea¨f~wg‡Z cwiYZ nBqvwQj †mB mKj ¯’vb¸wjI gyw³hy‡×i cweÎ ¯§„wZ¯’vb| ¯—ywcK…Z KsKvj weRq w`em‡K m¤¢e KwiqvwQj| H mKj ea¨f~wgI †mB Kvi‡Y HwZnvwmK ¯’vb Ges msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q` H mKj ea¨f~wg¸wj i¶v Kwievi `vwqZ¡ iv‡óªi Dci

Ac©Y Kwiqv‡Q|

Bnv mZ¨ †h ivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ mg~n ivóª cwiPvjbv g~jm~Î nB‡e, wKš‘ GB mKj bxwZ mvaviYZt Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g ejer‡hvM¨ b‡n| wKš‘ †Kvb miKvi msweav‡bi wØZxq fv‡M ewY©Z g~jbxwZ cwicš’x †Kvb c`‡¶c MªnY Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e bv, Kwi‡j Av`vjZ Aek¨B g~jbxwZ mgybœZ ivwL‡Z mswk−ó mKj‡K eva¨

Kwi‡Z ¶gZvcÖvß|

AvMªv kn‡ii wewfbœ ¯’v‡b 511 wU wkíKviLvbv wQj| D³ wkíKviLvbv¸wj nB‡Z wbM©Z cwi‡ek `ylK wbM©Z Kqjvi †auvqv ZvRgn‡ji gv‡e©‡ji Dci ¶wZKviK cÖfve †`Lv w`‡j fviZxq m~cÖxg †KvU© ZvRgn‡ji

Aciƒc †mŠ›`h© eY©bv Kwiqv msweav‡bi mswk−ó g~jbxwZ Av‡ivc KiZt M¨vm ms‡hvM MªnY bv Kiv ch©š— 292wU wkí KviLvbv Zvr¶wbKfv‡e eÜ Kwievi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i ( M.C. Mehta V. Union of India, AIR 1997 SC 734) |

Kwiqv Dc‡i ewY©Z HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ m¤úbœ ¯’vb mg~n weK…wZ I webvk Kiv nB‡Z‡Q| miKvi c‡¶ GB Awf‡hvM Am¦xKvi Kwi‡Z cv‡i bvB| GgZ Ae¯’vq,

AÎ Av`vjZ msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq †mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b Aew¯’Z mswk−ó ¯’vb¸wj nB‡Z mKj cÖKvi ¯’vcbv AcmviY c~e©K Dc‡i ewY©Z HwZnvwmK

GKBfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z ea¨f~wg †e`Lj, weK…wZ ev webvk nB‡Z i¶v Kwievi Rb¨ wejw¤¦Z nB‡jI ivóª‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kiv nBj| 338

“The law hath not been dead, though it hath slept.”

Av‡`k t

GBiƒc AvBbMZ Ae¯’v‡b 1Ð4 bs cÖwZev`x miKvi†K wbæwjwLZ c`‡¶c

K) GK ev GKvwaK KwgwU MVb gvidr †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡bi wbæwjwLZ ¯’vb¸wj wPwýZ KiYt i) 1948 m‡bi 21 †k gvP© Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g MfY©i †Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn& KZ„©K cÖ`Ë fvlY cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb, ii) 1969 m‡bi 23‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K cÖ`Ë fvlY cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb, iii) 1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L AvIqvgx jxM `j nB‡Z RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK msm‡` wbe©vwPZ m`m¨MY KZ„©K kc_ Mªnb Abyôv‡bi ¯’vb, iv) 1971 m‡bi 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K cÖ`Ë fvlY cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb, v) 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©Y Abyôv‡bi ¯’vb, vi) 1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L ivóªcwZ †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K cÖ`Ë fvlY cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb, vii) 1972 m‡bi 17B gvP© Zvwi‡L fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x kÖxgwZ Bw›`iv MvÜx KZ„©K cÖ`I fvlY cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb;

L) GK ev GKvwaK KwgwU MVb gvidr wbæwjwLZ ¯’vb¸wj wPwýZ KiYt

i) mgMª evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z ea¨f~wg, ii) evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z gyw³‡hv×v I wgÎ evwnbxi ‰mwbK‡`i mgvwa‡¶Î ;

M) †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb nB‡Z we`¨gvb mKj cÖKvi ¯’vcbv AcmviY c~e©K KwgwU KZ„©K wPwýZ ¯’vb¸wj†Z Avš—R©vwZK gvb m¤úbœ I we‡ePbv cÖm~Z `„wóÐb›`b I fveMv¤¢xh©c~Y© ¯§„wZ‡mŠa wbg©vY I msi¶Y KiY, Z‡e 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡Li c~‡e©i †Kvb ¯’vcbv Ges we`¨gvb gyw³hy× msµvš— m¥viK, fv¯‹h©, ¯§„wZdjK ev ¯—¤¢ GB Av‡`‡ki AvIZv ewnf~©Z nB‡e, Ab¨ mKj ¯’vcbv e¨wZµgnxb fv‡e Awej‡¤¦ AcmviY Kwi‡Z nB‡e;

339

N) KwgwU KZ„©K wPwýZ ea¨f~wg¸wj‡Z gvb m¤úbœ I we‡ePbv cÖm~Z fveMv¤¢xh©c~Y© mgvwa‡¶Î wbg©vY ev ¯§„wZdjK/ ¯—¤¢ ¯’vcb I msi¶Y KiY;

O) KwgwU KZ„©K wPwýZ gyw³‡hv×v I wgÎ evwnbxi ‰mwbK‡`i mgvwa¸wj‡K gvbm¤úbœ I we‡ePbv cÖm~Z fveMv¤¢xh©c~Y© mgvwa‡¶Î wbg©vY ev ¯§„wZdjK/¯—¤¢ ¯’vcb I msi¶Y KiY |

ch©‡e¶Y t

`iLv¯—Kvix I cÖwZev`x c‡¶ e³e¨ kÖeYKv‡j cÖZxqgvb nq †h evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ivóªcwZ †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K m¦vaxbZv c`K cÖ`vb Kiv nBqv‡Q|

wZwb RvwZi RbK| Zuvnvi bv‡gB gyw³‡hv×vMY gyw³hy× Kwiqv evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv wQbvBqv AvwbqvwQj| Zuvnvi miKviB GB mKj c`K cÖeZ©b KwiqvwQj|

“No ceremony that to great ones Õlongs,

Not the Kings crown, nor the deputed sword.”

eiÂ mKj †m±i KgvÛviMY‡K Zvnv‡`i exi‡Z¡i cyi¯‹vi m¦iƒc m¦vaxbZv c`K cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z Avgiv miK†ii cÖwZ AvnŸvb RvbvB‡ZwQ|

1971 m‡b gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb 9 (bq) gv‡m evsjv‡`‡k ‡h j¶ j¶ gvbyl

ZvwiLwU ÔRvZxq †kvK w`emÕ †NvlYv Kwievi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÖwZ AvnŸvb

Rvbvb nB‡Z‡Q|

†mB AskwU‡K Ôm¦vaxbZv D`¨vbÕ ev ÔLiberty SquareÕ bvgKiY Kwievi Rb¨ Avgiv miKvi‡K AvnŸvb RvbvB‡ZwQ| 340

Dcmsnvi t

G¨ve&mwjDU& Kiv nBj|

Z‡e GB ixU& †gvKvÏgvwU continuing mandamus wnmv‡e Ae¨vnZ _vwK‡e|

†gvi‡m`mn GB †gvKvÏgvq Ask MªnYKvix mKj G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`qMY‡K

Zvnv‡`i Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ mvayev` cÖ`vb Kiv nBj|

GB iv‡qi Abywjwc Awej‡¤¦ 1Ð4 bs cÖwZev`x eive‡i †cÖiY Kiv nDK|

wePvicwZ †gvt ggZvR DwÏb Avn‡g` t

Avwg GKgZ|