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The Benefits of Teat Dipping As Prevention of Mastitis Introduction Journal of Livestock Science and Production Volume 4 No. 1 p-ISSN 2598-2915 March 2020 e-ISSN 2598-2907 The Benefits of Teat Dipping as Prevention of Mastitis Yanuartono1, Alfarisa Nururrozi1, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto1*, Hary Purnamaningsih1, Dhasia Ramandani2 1)Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada. 2)Department of Biotechnology and Veterinary, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada *) Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Mastitis is the major disease and the most costly disease of the dairy industry worldwide. One of the mastitis control programs that until now has been carried out and proven to be quite effective is the teat dipping method as a form of prevention. Various methods and uses of teat dipping solutions have been widely used and used for this purpose such as iodine, potassium permanganate, chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine gluconate chlorine, iodophor, sodium hypochlorite, lactic acid, phenolics and Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid (DDBSA). Pre milking and post milking teat disinfection have been recommended widely by veterinarians and adopted by dairy producers in increasing numbers. This procedure is simple to perform, economical, and effective in controlling contagious mastitis pathogens. More recently, teat dipping in association with good udder preparation reduced the rate of intramammary infections by environmental pathogens. This paper aims to provide a brief review of the benefits of teat dipping as a method of controlling the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows. Keywords: mastitis, teat dipping, pathogens, intramammary infections Introduction al., 2011). Therefore, proper control and management of mastitis in herds is an Management of dairy farming is indispensable effort to ensure animal health implemented to improve milk quality and and safety of dairy products. During the last safety. The management implementation few decades, more advanced mastitis includes sanitation equipment, hygiene control and management have been milking, environmental cleanliness, air developed, however, this disease is still a source, feed, animal health, and milk major problem in a dairy farming business processing after milking (Izquierdo et al., (Fetrow et al., 1991; Bhutto et al., 2012). 2017). Mastitis is a major problem in the Eberhart and Buckalew (1972) and Schmidt management of livestock businesses et al., (1985) added that pathogens throughout the world, including Indonesia originating from the environment can (Nurhayati and Martindah, 2015). These increase the number of clinical mastitis problems are related to economic losses sufferers during the livestock period in that occur due to an increase in poor milk accordance with a well-designed control quality, a decrease in milk production, an system. increase in maintenance costs, an increase One of the mastitis control and in the number of animals that are culled management which has been carried out before their age even severe them to death and proven to be quite effective is the teat (Majic et al., 1993; Samad, 2008; Bogni et dipping method as a form of prevention 231 Journal of Livestock Science and Production Volume 4 No. 1 p-ISSN 2598-2915 March 2020 e-ISSN 2598-2907 (Hassan et al., 2009). Oliver et al. (2001) potassium permanganate (Yasothai, 2017; stated that teat dipping is a simple Abinaya and Thangarasu, 2017), bronopol procedure and does not require expensive (Boddie and Nickerson, 2002) and hydrogen costs. Teat dipping, both before and after peroxide (Leslie et al., 2006). Alternative milking is the most effective procedure for solutions that have been studied and are preventing the occurrence of new mastitis in useful for teat dipping consist of Morinda dairy cows (Contreras et al., 2003). The citrifolia extract (Purwantiningsih et al., procedure involves a teat dipping method 2017), starfruit leaf extract, or Averrhoa using a germicidal antiseptic to reduce bilimbi Linn. (Julianto et al., 2017), essential contamination and colonization of bacteria oils from M. alternifolia (Dore et al., 2019) that cause mastitis in the nipples and and leaf extracts of babadotan or Ageratum minimize penetration into the streak canal or conyzoides (Mahpudin et al., 2017). The nipple canal. The use of teat dipping for solution can be used for teat dipping both mastitis control in dairy cows was first before and after milking with varying reported by Moak in 1916 to control the degrees of success. This paper aims to infection of Streptococcus agalactiae. At provide a brief review of the benefits of teat that time the dipping solution used was pine dipping as a method to manage and control oil(Barnum et al., 1982). Teat dipping using the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows. disinfectant is now widely recommended by animal health practitioners and has been Results and Discussion widely implemented by dairy farmers since it can be done easily, cheaply and effectively Milking Management for the control and control of pathogens of The occurrence of mastitis is environmental origin as a cause of infectious generally caused by the interaction of mastitis (Oliver et al., 1993; Oliver et al., various factors related to the host, 2001). pathogenic agents, and the environment To date, the most commonly used (Pankey, 1989; Klaas and Zadoks, 2018). solutions for teat dipping are Iodine 0.25%, All of these factors are related to overall 0.5% and 1% (Nickerson et al., 1986; Oliver farm management (Sharif et al., 2009). et al., 1993), chlorhexidine 0.5% (Schultze Milking management according to and Smith, 1972), chlorine 4% (Gleeson et Surjowardojo (2011) is divided into three al., 2009), Iodophore 0.5% (Kamal and stages, namely the preparation, Bayoumi, 2015), sodium hypochlorite implementation, and final stages of milking. (Hemling, 2002), phenolics (Oliver et al., The milking preparation stage includes 2001), Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid activities to provide facilities for milking, (2015 DDBSA) 1.94% (Barnum et al., 1982), cleaning cages, bathing cows, washing 232 Journal of Livestock Science and Production Volume 4 No. 1 p-ISSN 2598-2915 March 2020 e-ISSN 2598-2907 udders, and removing the first 3-4 squirts by a paper towel have significantly reduced (Munksgaard et al., 2001; Rushen et al., the number of bacteria on the nipples 2001; Widaningrum et al., 2006). The (McKinnon et al., 1990; Gibson et al., 2008). implementation stage is the milking process Barkema et al. (1998) and Kelly et al. (2009) while the last stage is washing udder and reported that washing with a towel before doing teat dipping after milking teat dipping was one of the important factors (Surjowardojo et al., 2008; Mahardika et al., related to the low number of Somatic Cell 2016). Elmoslemany et al. (2009) added that Count (SCC). Supar and Ariyanti (2008) the total number of plate counts (TPC) in added that the transmission process of milk is a parameter that can describe the mastitis-causing agents can occur during milk sanitary conditions starting from animal milking manually through milking hands, hygiene, milking process, sanitation of water used to clean udders, cloths, or other shelter environment, and handling after equipment used during milking. The milking. According to FAO (2004) to obtain statement was strengthened by Van Den safe milk from a dairy farm, five basic Berg (1988) who stated that transmission of requirements need to be considered namely mastitis can occur due to bacterial contact animal health, hygienic milking, animal feed, from the milker hands with the cows. The animal welfare, and livestock environment. risk of contamination of microorganisms According to Lakew et al. (2009), the from milker hands is higher when compared prevalence of mastitis is higher in cows with to milking machines. Moreover, the dirty a low milking hygiene process when hands of the milker can make contamination compared with a high level of hygiene. of the skin of the nipples and milk then Routine hygiene procedures of spread between cows in herds (Pandey and milking such as washing udder using a Voskuil, 2011). The udder needs to be disinfectant, using a separate towel, flushing washed before milking or rinsed using a the milking machine and teat dipping are towel to clean it so that it can stimulate milk effectively decreasing mastitis (Erskine and release (Reinemann et al., 2008; Zalizar et Eberhardt, 1991). On the contrary, al., 2018). Mahardika et al (2016) research according to Harmon and Langlois (1986), if results show that washing udder using a the procedure of implementing teat dipping water temperature of 37°C significantly was stopped, the incidence of mastitis had increases milk production compared to increased. According to Galton et al. (1982), without washing or washing with a water the number of bacteria in the nipple to form temperature of 19-22°C. a colony is affected by the nipple treatment The research showed that 96.3% procedure before milking. Nipple cleaning of the dairy farmers in Jimma and 77% of procedures using a wet towel and followed Wolayta Sodo, Ethiopia had used hygienic 233 Journal of Livestock Science and Production Volume 4 No. 1 p-ISSN 2598-2915 March 2020 e-ISSN 2598-2907 milking methods such as washing hands, mastitis respond equally to the treatment of milk tank, and udder before milking (Wolde teat dipping (Osteras et al., 2008). and Jimma 2014; Duguma and Janssens, González and Wilson (2003), 2015). Nevertheless, Koster et al. (2006) Osteras et al. (2008) and Hogan and Smith and Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
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