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Fishing Methods in India Fishing Methods extensive Marine Fishing Crafts and Gears sea-coast and India, with its long wealth of and or nets waters, has a big Crafts or boats gears used reverine and estuarine in the fisheries in a success of Indian seas are varied and of several types. Tha fish fauna. In fact, the hese catch of its fish fauna, are further grouped into two 1.e. crafts and gears country depends on proper modernised crafts and gears of the east coast and crafts and gears of the west for which the use of of a variety on non. In India, large Since the gears used cast and is a sine qua coast. west and for marine are almost of common crafts (boats) have been designed coasts type are, therefore and other devices described together while the cratts of east coast Inland fishing. The nets or gears numerous and are also and of west coast are described in two separate for catching fishes invented and were are unidentical. ingenious. But both crafts gears heads as they have remained static centuries ago and probably east coast or Crafts of the and have shown little or no change unlike in other maritime The catamaran (Tamil lashing timber) is a improvement in India, restricted the the most craft countries. This has hindered or primitive and important fishing of Inland waters 1.e. the east coast. It is devised according to the local exploitation for our seas and decade or environmental condition and the biological river, lakes, etc. It is only in the last have been of the water. It is constructed two of 20th century that some attempts requirements by and modern steam several which are curved and made to use motor boats tying together logs of canoe. end of this craft is vessels for the purpose. Actually the capture shaped like a One methods. which rises above the water fishes is as important as pisci-culture shaped into a cone rudder is In this chapter, the fishing crafts and gears level and forms the point from where the heads: construction and of the are considered under the following controlled. The design their various (1) Marine fishing crafts and gears. catamaran is not uniform, therefore, (2) Inland fishing crafts and gears. types are described below : of primitive 5. Raft. It is small catamaran into a ype. It comprises 4 to 5 logs tied together tilted structure, to form a raft on the 6. Masula boat. It is used extensively in eeasee or less coromandel coast. It is about 9 metres devoid length. It is constructed only with planks eeeeeceeee boat. There are of ribs or frames. It is a non-rigid it is several variations of this type. In Orissa, or Padova-a Masula boat of Andhra coast called Bar boat and in Andhra Padava A Padagum. the 7. Miscellaneous types. Besides tore E SIOTeS nets fish aforementioned types, there are several other types, these room J constructed slightly differently. Chief among Fishing Macwa of Saurashtra are the following These are carved B (a) Nauka and Dinghi. boats of Orissa and West Bengal. Naukas are well-designed large boats measuring 13x3 x2 m. (6) Tuticorin boat. It is also a carved model, inshore measuring 11x2x1 m and can ply in waters. These are used more as mother-ships and cargo boats than for purpose of fishing (c) Pattiya. It is used in North Orissa and boat of Karwar Rampani made up of clinker. C (d) Muthupet type. It comprises of two logs placed sideways to the middle one, to form a long Fig. 1. A-C. Important crafts used in Indian sea. and hollow boat. Such boats are used in Ramnad 1. Coromandel type. It is probably the and Tanjore districts. niginal Tamil Nadu type. It is made up of 3 - 5 (e) Shoe-dhonie type. It is shoe shaped boat bgs and the accessory pieces like stem parts and of Telugu coast between Kakinada and pwing sails are added. Rowing sails regulate the Masulipatam. novement of the raft. A variation of coromandel [I Crafts of the west coast ype with 7 logs called Kolamaram which is used n the capture of flying fishes of Nagapatnam. On the west coast, owing to the different 2. Orissa and Ganjam type. It is made up conditions of the sea, the types of boats that have of 5 logs which are not tied together by rope, but evolved are also different. Dug-out canoes, are pegged with wood. The planks are cut in such plank-built canoes, outrigger canoes and built up boats deserve mention. boats are the most away that the catamaran takes the shape of a Built-up boat. This type is mainly used in the coastal water highly evolved of indigenous fishing crafts. They of Puri and Ganjam district of Orissa, are operated on the west coast, north of Ratnagiri 3. Andhra type or Vishakhapatnam type. It and along Mumbai coast. There are minor S a variation of Orissa and Ganjam type, but variations from place to place. Various types of crafts used on the west coast are the following arger (5 7 metres long) and made of heavy wood. The planks used in fitting the sides are 1. Dug out eanoes. These are nmade from strong, median logs. large logs of wood by scooping out the inner part, 4. Boat catamaron. It is made up of 3 logs; the bottom or keel portion being thicker than the Shaped and fitted into a regular boat-shaped vessel. sides. These are popular on the Kerala and t1s used around the Mandapam and Mukkur area. Konkan coasts. "The large sized canoes called the fibres are, however, replacing cotton and operate nets are 10 22 m long lines and Vanchi or Odam rapidly. Besides, hooks are ite ones, known emplo of nets. The smaller fishes. The oyed a large variety catching large main types of fr for net or drift nets as Thonics, are employed gill fishing are the following wed also for marine out canoes are fishing and for seining. Drug Fixed or stationary nets. Colachel in the (1) on the west coast from employed Bag nets and boat seines (Trawl north. These are also (2) south to Kathiawar in the (3) Shore seines and inshore drag nets. Ramnad and Tanjore used in some parts of (4) Drift nets and gill nets. districts northwards. (5) Cast nets. Plank-built canoes. These are dug-out 2. (6) Trap nets. with on canoes which are further enlarged planks nets net). and are (7) Dip (Scoop the sides. These are common in Kerala Long line and hooks. boat seine These are popular (8) applied in operations. 1. Fixed or stationary nets. As the in Kathiawar and North Mumbai. name in suggests, these nets are fixed in the tidal 3. canoes. These are applied Zones of Outrigger the inshore waters during low tides. To keen Kanara and Konkan coasts. These boats are with a the nets in position, wooden poles called stakes Single outrigger and are locally called Rampani, and since these are used for the casting of the floats or sinkers are used. These nets are ue rectangular or conical in shape and of difeten Rampani net for mackerel fishing. These are regular built-up canoes, the wooden planks being sizes. or nets are more spread out. The normal size is around Fixed stationary widely used al 15x 3 m long, although small-sized canoes are along the coast from Bengal in the east to the on to also in use, particularly between Bhatkal and southern peninsula, Kanara, Gujarat and Majali. Kathiawar. With the high tide, fishes swim into 4. Built-up boats. These are the most highly the net and when the water recedes with the low evolved of indigenous fishing craft. These are tide, they get trapped. These nets vary from stale operated on the west coast, north of Ratnagiri and to state and are called by different local names. along the Mumbai coast. There are minor In West Bengal and Orissa, the conical fixed variations from place to place. A Machwa, the nets are called Panch, Kathia-kool jal. largest fishing boats with its broad hull, pointed Panch-Kathia-ber jal, and Behundi or Ghurni jal. bow and keel is in straight very popular Ratnagiri The rectangular fixed net used in West Bengal and for offshore fishing. Orissa are called Bayd or Mal jal, Branda jal of A Satpati or Galbati has a medium pointed North Orissa, Kalavali of Tanjore, Kalamkumi bow, broad beam, straight keel and high gunwale. valai of the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay. It is It is an ideal type for mechanization as a motor also called as Konda vala, Thorku vala, Waghal engine can be fitted without any change in the jal, Bangela jal or Patta bala, Jadi or lntagh jal design of the locally assembled boat. on the Kanara coast; Jadi or Nitah jal on Gujarat Marine fishing gears and Kathiawar coasts. These nets are made by hand mostly by fisherfolk themselves in ther Fishing appliances (tackles) employed in homes. The small sized ones are made up ol sea-fishing largely include the nets of various sizes cotton yarn, while the larger ones are made up ot and designs. Nets may be made of cotton, silk, hemp or other strong yarn. These are preserved Dy flax or flax hemp to synthetic or nylon terylene treatment with certain local extraction of tree-barks fibres, spinned into thicker twins of many strands. or sometimes by coal tar. The strands are then interlaced to form webs, 2.
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