Mongolia Human Resource Development and Education Reform Project
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A Necessity in Light of COVID-19 Pandemic
Higher Education Studies; Vol. 10, No. 3; 2020 ISSN 1925-4741 E-ISSN 1925-475X Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Online and Remote Learning in Higher Education Institutes: A Necessity in light of COVID-19 Pandemic Dr. Wahab Ali1 1 Head of Education Department, Fiji Correspondence: Dr. Wahab Ali, Head of Education Department, Fiji. E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 21, 2020 Accepted: May 12, 2020 Online Published: May 18, 2020 doi:10.5539/hes.v10n3p16 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16 Abstract In light of the rising concerns about the spread of COVID-19 and calls to contain the Corona Virus, a growing number of tertiary institutions have shut down in regards to face-to-face classes globally. The Corona virus has revealed emerging vulnerabilities in education systems around the world. It is now clear that society needs flexible and resilient education systems as we face unpredictable futures. A meta-analysis methodology was adopted for this study and pertinent literature was visited to capture the essence of continued learning during these unprecedented times. Findings reveal that universities worldwide are moving more and more towards online learning or E- Learning. Findings also reveal that apart from resources, staff readiness, confidence, student accessibility and motivation play important function in ICT integrated learning. This exploratory paper proposes that staff members should use technology and technological gadgets to enhance learning especially during these exceptional times. Findings also propose online and remote learning as a necessity in times of lock downs and social distancing due to COVID-19 pandemic. -
Tuul River Mongolia
HEALTHY RIVERS FOR ALL Tuul River Basin Report Card • 1 TUUL RIVER MONGOLIA BASIN HEALTH 2019 REPORT CARD Tuul River Basin Report Card • 2 TUUL RIVER BASIN: OVERVIEW The Tuul River headwaters begin in the Lower As of 2018, 1.45 million people were living within Khentii mountains of the Khan Khentii mountain the Tuul River basin, representing 46% of Mongolia’s range (48030’58.9” N, 108014’08.3” E). The river population, and more than 60% of the country’s flows southwest through the capital of Mongolia, GDP. Due to high levels of human migration into Ulaanbaatar, after which it eventually joins the the basin, land use change within the floodplains, Orkhon River in Orkhontuul soum where the Tuul lack of wastewater treatment within settled areas, River Basin ends (48056’55.1” N, 104047’53.2” E). The and gold mining in Zaamar soum of Tuv aimag and Orkhon River then joins the Selenge River to feed Burenkhangai soum of Bulgan aimag, the Tuul River Lake Baikal in the Russian Federation. The catchment has emerged as the most polluted river in Mongolia. area is approximately 50,000 km2, and the river itself These stressors, combined with a growing water is about 720 km long. Ulaanbaatar is approximately demand and changes in precipitation due to global 470 km upstream from where the Tuul River meets warming, have led to a scarcity of water and an the Orkhon River. interruption of river flow during the spring. The Tuul River basin includes a variety of landscapes Although much research has been conducted on the including mountain taiga and forest steppe in water quality and quantity of the Tuul River, there is the upper catchment, and predominantly steppe no uniform or consistent assessment on the state downstream of Ulaanbaatar City. -
A Case Study of Higher Education in Mongolia: Institutional Isomorphism
http://ijhe.sciedupress.com International Journal of Higher Education Vol. 9, No. 1; 2020 A Case Study of Higher Education in Mongolia: Institutional Isomorphism Dembereldorj Zoljargal1 1 Center for Foreign languages, Division of Humanities, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia Correspondence: Dembereldorj Zoljargal, Center for Foreign languages, Division of Humanities, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ikh surguuliin gudamj-1 P.O.Box – 46A/523, 210646 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 21, 2019 Accepted: November 22, 2019 Online Published: November 23, 2019 doi:10.5430/ijhe.v9n1p107 URL: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n1p107 Abstract Universities elsewhere have been changing its purposes, functions, roles, and pursuits in society. This study is a case study of Mongolian higher education in which institutional changes are taking place incrementally. The purpose of this study is to explore institutional isomorphism or homogenization of a case university in Mongolia in two different periods of which one is a university under the Soviet regime in the past, and the other is under the democracy in present. The research question was how a university in Mongolia has been changing isomorphically under the different environmental pressures. The study applied a single case study proposed by Yin (2003; 2009) to explore homogenization or isomorphic changes at one prestigious higher education institution in Mongolia. Interviews, reports, and other related documents were used for the analysis. The analytical procedure applied main elements of qualitative research methods. The findings are discussed in three major themes: coercive isomorphism of a university, isomorphic changes triggered by the faculty members: bottom-up process, and mimetic isomorphism modeling after American higher education. -
Mongolian Higher Education in Transition. Planning and Responding
Weidman, John C.; Bat-Erdene, Regsurengiin; Sukhbaatar, Javzan; Jargalmaa, Tsendjav; Davaa, Suren Mongolian higher education in transition. Planning and responding under conditions of rapid change formal überarbeitete Version der Originalveröffentlichung in: formally revised edition of the original source in: Tertium comparationis 4 (1998) 2, S. 75-90 Bitte verwenden Sie beim Zitieren folgende URN oder DOI / Please use the following URN or DOI for citation: urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-28841 10.25656/01:2884 http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-28841 http://dx.doi.org/10.25656/01:2884 in Kooperation mit / in cooperation with: http://www.waxmann.com Nutzungsbedingungen Terms of use Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, persönliches und We grant a non-exclusive, non-transferable, individual and limited right to beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist using this document. ausschließlich für den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch This document is solely intended for your personal, non-commercial use. Use bestimmt. Die Nutzung stellt keine Übertragung des Eigentumsrechts an of this document does not include any transfer of property rights and it is diesem Dokument dar und gilt vorbehaltlich der folgenden Einschränkungen: conditional to the following limitations: All of the copies of this documents must Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle retain all copyright information and other information regarding legal Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen Schutz protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any way, to copy it for beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument nicht in irgendeiner Weise public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to perform, abändern, noch dürfen Sie dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder distribute or otherwise use the document in public. -
Tuul River Basin Basin
GOVERNMENT OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT MONGOLIA I II III AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT Physical, Tuul river Socio-Economic geographical basin water Development and natural resource and and Future condition of water quality trend of the Tuul river Tuul River basin Basin IV V VI Water Water use Negative TUUL RIVER BASIN supply, water balance of the impacts on consumption- Tuul river basin basin water INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN use and water resources demand, hydro- constructions VII VIII IX Main challenges River basin The organization and strategic integrated and control of objectives of the water resources the activities to river basin water management implement the Tuul management plan plan measures River Basin IWM INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN plan Address: TUUL RIVER BASIN “Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia” project Chingunjav Street, Bayangol District Ulaanbaatar-16050, Mongolia Tel/Fax: 362592, 363716 Website: http://iwrm.water.mn E-mail: [email protected] Ulaanbaatar 2012 Annex 1 of the Minister’s order ¹ A-102 of Environment and Green Development, dated on 03 December, 2012 TUUL RIVER BASIN INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (Phase 1, 2013-2015; Phase 2, 2016-2021) Ulaanbaatar 2012 DDC 555.7’015 Tu-90 This plan was developed within the framework of the “Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia” project, funded by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands at Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia Project Project Project Consulting Team National Director -
Mongolian Technology Education and Its Specifics
MONGOLIAN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION AND ITS SPECIFICS B.Davaasuren S.Tugs Sh.Saranchimeg O. Duger Mankind already had left the Industrial era of its development and stepped into the era of Information and Intellect. In other words, as by scientists, industrialization had become the precondition for the economy based on the intellect and knowledge. This is the real situation. It became clear that the new paradigm of the techno-economy which substitutes industrial development is making its appearance in XXI century. The —Knowledge based economy“ is accepted by the governments of the most countries and any study, investigation and developing activities are intensified by them. The following problems are the base of these activities. These are: - country where democracy is appreciated; - industry based on the science; - civil education directed to the development; - State politics applied to the eco-nature. The developed countries already had gained an intense of their development thanks to their economic concept, strategy, politics and programs based on knowledge as productive forces which were worked out and began to be implemented earlier than other countries. May be, such working out seems to be earlier for our Mongolia. But we can not avoid this problem because of globalization. Countries which put up capital for the investigation and invention of their population to develop people‘s education and ways of study for all their lifetime have chance to capitalize on the world market. The influence of globalization is making the spatial outlying meaningless. The internet affords Mongolian people an opportunity to enter into relations with all over the world in a second. -
Fiber Optic Backbone of Information Communications Network Llc I
INTRODUCTION Information Communications Network LLC /ICNC/ was established in 2006 to operate the state owned national backbone network, to ensure secure and reliable operation and MEMBERSHIP maintenance of the network and to provide interoperability and interconnection services to telecoms operators while playing a major role in the ongoing development of Mongolia’s Information Communications Network infrastructure. LLC is an active sector member of the International Telecommunications Union Information Communications Network LLC is a leading provider of broadband services and the Asia Pacific Telecommunity. for the carrier marketplace and owner of the largest open access fiber-optic network in Mongolia. Information Communications Network LLC is a member of the Asian Productivity Currently, Information Communications Network LLC operates and maintains over 70 percent Organization, the Mongolian National of the national fiber-optic network. We own and operate 9’446 manholes, 791’684.5 Chamber of Commerce and Industry and meters of ducts, which are routed across 17’421 kilometers, 21 provinces and 283 villages of the Mongolian Human Resource Institute. Mongolia. We offer co-location services to mobile operators and telecoms service providers on our facilities and towers throughout Ulaanbaatar city, 21 provinces and 373 villages of Mongolia. Team of 1470 highly qualified employees, engineers and technicians are our most valuable assets. We are cooperating with more than 230 public and private communication service providers. ACCESSIBLE AND RELIABLE NETWORK VISION: LEADING TOGETHER FIBER OPTIC LENGTH: 17’421 KM TRANSMISSION NETWORK CAPACITY: LOCAL 25 GBPS, INTERNATIONAL: 100GBPS OUTSIDE PLANT: MISSION 9’446 MANHOLES, 791’684 METERS OF DUCTS Be the most accessible high-speed national broadband network. -
Map of Study Area the FEASIBILITY STUDY on CONSTRUCTION of EASTERN ARTERIAL ROAD in MONGOLIA
ROAD NETWORK OF MONGOLIA Study Area Khankh Khandgait Ulaanbaishint Ulaangom Sukhbaatar Altanbulag Ereentsav Tsagaannuur Baga ilenkh A 0305 Ulgii Murun Bayan-uul Khavirga Darkhan Dorgon Dayan Norovlin Khovd Zavkanmandal Erdenet Sumber Bulgan Choibalsan Bayanchandman Baganuur Berkh Mankhan Tosontsengel Ulaanbaatar Uliastai Lun Kharkhorin Undurkhaan Yarantai Erdenetsagaan Bulgan Erdenesant Zuunmod A0304 Tsetserleg Maanti Baruun-urt Bichigt sum Choir Arvaikheer Altai Bayankhongor Mandalgobi Legend: Paved road Sainshand Burgastai Zamin-Uud Bogd sum Gravel road Dalanzadgad Formed earth road MILLENNIUM ROAD A0203 Earth road Center of province VERTICAL ARTERIAL ROAD Gashuun-Suhait Shivee huren Map of Study Area THE FEASIBILITY STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION OF EASTERN ARTERIAL ROAD IN MONGOLIA Photographs of Study Area (1) 1) Current Road Condition Multiple shifting tracks are widely spread on plane area. It heavily affects vegetation and often leads to desertification. It also extends vehicle operating distance and time, resulting high transport cost. 2) Road Condition in Winter Multiple shifting tracks are covered with snow in winter and become slippery due to uneven surface together with compacted snow. Vehicular movement becomes risky and travel speed is forced to decrease considerably. 3) Existing Wooden Bridge Existing wooden bridge is severely deteriorated and danger always exists for heavy vehicles to go across. This is serious cause of disruption for traffic to cross the river. Heavy vehicles go across the river only when the flow is shallow. THE FEASIBILITY STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION OF EASTERN ARTERIAL ROAD IN MONGOLIA Photographs of Study Area (2) 4) Existing the Kherlen River & Bridge The flow of the Kherlen River narrows at the point of the picture. -
EMIS Mongolia.Pdf
© UNICEF/UN0321665/Matas REVIEW OF EDUCATION MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (EMIS) THAT TRACK INDIVIDUAL STUDENT DATA MONGOLIA July 2020 2 Review of EMIS that track individual student data: Mongolia Acknowledgements Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports The Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports The school level is where equitable access and the (MECSS) has shown a great interest in this research, quality of education service delivery must be measured. illustrated by the willingness of many staff to be So, it has been exceptionally meaningful to listen to interviewed and to provide open responses. There is the experiences of staff working at school or soum growing awareness amongst the interviewed MECSS level. These staff should continue to inform the staff of the potential of using more and better-quality development of EMIS, so that the system becomes data for decision-making. This was not only evident relevant not only at macro-level, but also to individual during interviews and small-group discussions, it was schools. also illustrated by the Vice-Minister who opened the validation workshop, emphasizing the importance of Lastly, a word of thanks goes out to the MECSS staff availability of reliable data to move the education sector and education stakeholders who were interviewed or forward. participated in the validation workshop. It was positive to observe how staff from the MECSS and other The time-availability and the openness of Director- organizations worked together in small groups, providing Generals, National Directors and other staff were valuable feedback to complete the findings and shape instrumental to inform the analyses and formulation the recommendations. -
Internationalization and English As a Medium of Instruction in Mongolian Higher Education
IAFOR Journal of Education Volume 7 – Issue 1 – Summer 2019 Internationalization and English as a Medium of Instruction in Mongolian Higher Education Sainbayar Gundsambuu Osaka University, Japan National University of Mongolia, Mongolia 71 IAFOR Journal of Education Volume 7 – Issue 1 – Summer 2019 Abstract In the growing global trend of internationalization, Mongolian universities plan to increase courses and programs in English in order to improve their competitiveness and ultimately to become internationally visible, at least in Asia. This study discusses the current process of internationalization at Mongolian universities and explores the rationales of implementing English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) at Mongolian universities. The analysis focuses on how the top-down national-level policies to internationalize the higher education sector influence both national and private universities, and what drives universities to adopt EMI policies. This paper intends to answer these questions through document analysis and an online survey at two private universities in Mongolia. Forty faculty members participated in the survey. All data went through the qualitative document analysis, “describing, classifying and connecting” (Coffey & Atkinson, 1996) to portray a comprehensive picture of the internationalization of higher education and the concept of EMI in Mongolia. The findings revealed that the Mongolian government is the key player in internationalization at the national level by making policies, taking initiatives, and encouraging national universities. However, the process of internationalization is much slower at private universities. The two private universities in Mongolia implement EMI for the following four reasons, 1) increasing the employability of domestic graduates, 2) promotion of international collaboration, 3) generating more income, and 4) increasing domestic and international profile. -
Innovative Information and Communication Technology in Education and Its Potential for Reducing Poverty in the Asia and Pacific Region
ADB TA No. 6278-REG Contract No: COCS/60-026 RTI Project No 0210103 Innovative Information and Communication Technology in Education and Its Potential for Reducing Poverty in the Asia and Pacific Region Where Desert Meets Technology: Findings from ICT in Education Initiatives in Rural Schools in Mongolia December 2007 Appendix 8 of Final Report Carmen Strigel Lkhagvasuren Ariunaa Sukhbaatar Enkhjargal Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: TA No. 6278-REG December 2007 Appendix 8 of Final Report Mongolia: Innovative Information and Communication Technology in Education and Its Potential for Reducing Poverty in the Asia and Pacific Region: “Where Desert Meets Technology: Findings from ICT in Education Initiatives in Rural Schools in Mongolia” (Financed by the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Fund, Asian Development Bank) Prepared by Carmen Strigel Lkhagvasuren Ariunaa Sukhbaatar Enkhjargal RTI International 3040 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194 USA For Asian Development Bank ATTN: Jouko Sarvi Principal Education Specialist Capacity Development and Governance Division Regional and Sustainable Development Department 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Governments concerned, and ADB and the Governments cannot be held liable for its contents. RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute. iii CONTENTS Page I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................1 -
Mongolia Human Development Report 2016
MONGOLIA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2016 Building a Better Tomorrow: Including Youth in the Development of Mongolia The cover of Mongolia Human Development Report 2016, the sixth national Human Development Report of the country, reflects the core message of the report: including youth is essential to the future development of Mongolia. Behind the individuals on the cover, a ger, a traditional Mongolian tent dwelling, mirrors figure 7.1 in the report, which shows that human development–focused youth policy is built upon four thematic pillars. In the cover version, the foundation and walls of the ger are being supported by youth, who represent various groups in Mongolian society. A burst of 17 spectral prism colours shine out from the ger, reminding us of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The background orange is the colour associated with Sustainable Development Goal 9, which highlights the need to build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation for the benefit of human development, which, in our case, refers to the human development of Mongolian youth. MONGOLIA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2016 Building a Better Tomorrow: Including Youth in the Development of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2016 ДАА 300 ННА 60 X-822 This report does not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Development Programme or the Government of Mongolia. It may be reproduced and circulated for non-profit purposes. Copyright © 2016 By the United Nations Development Programme in Mongolia UN House 14201, United Nations