Environmental Monitoring Report

First Annual Report (January – December 2010) December 2011

IND: Bihar State Highways Project – North Bihar Subprojects (SH 73, SH 74, SH 75, SH 76, SH 77)

Prepared by Bihar State Road Development Corporation Ltd. for the Asian Development Bank.

ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

BOD – Biochemical Oxygen Demand

– BSHP Bihar State Highway Project BSRDC – Bihar State Road development Corporation COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand DFO – District Forest Officer

DG – Diesel Generator

– EMMP Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan EMP – Environmental Management Plan FIDIC – Federation International D'Ingineure Conseil GoB – Government of Bihar HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus HMP – Hot Mix Plant IEE – Initial Environmental Examination MOEF – Ministry of Environment and Forests NABL – National Accreditation Board for Laboratories

NO2 – Nitrogen Dioxide NOC – No Objection Certificate NOx – Oxides of Nitrogen PAPs – Project Affected Persons Pb – Lead pH – Negative log of H+ activity PIU – Project Implementation Unit PPE – personal protective Equipment PUC – Pollution Under Control RSPM – Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter SC – Supervision Consultant SH – State Highway

SO2 – Sulfur dioxide SPCB – State Pollution Control Board SPM – Suspended Particulate Matter TDS – Total Dissolved Solids TSS – Total Suspended Solids WMM – Wet Mix Macadam

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Km – kilometer

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No. Contents Page no.

1 Introduction 4

2 Compliance status with National /State /Local statutory environmental requirements 5-6

Compliance status with environmental management and monitoring plans and 3 environmental assessment and review framework/procedures as stipulated in the 7 environmental documentation as agreed with ADB

4 Approach and methodology engaged for environmental monitoring of the project 7

5 Monitoring of environmental receptors/ attributes (e.g. ambient air, surface water, 8 ground water, land, ecological aspects, noise, hazardous/toxic wastes, etc.)

6 Any other environmental aspects, impacts observed during implementation 8 which were not covered earlier

7 Details of complaints received from public and actions taken thereof to resolve 9

8 Follow-up actions and conclusions 9

9 Appendix-1 Location Map of Environmental Monitoring Stations/Sites 10

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. Overall Project Description:

1. Bihar is a land-locked state in the Eastern part of the country having a geographical area of about 94,163 sq km. It is bounded by the states of West Bengal to the East, Uttar Pradesh to the West, Nepal to North and Jharkhand to the south. The population of the state stood at over 82.9 million (2001) of which about 10 percent is urban. The Bihar plain is divided into two unequal halves by the river Ganga which flows through the middle from west to east. The state has three main seasons: winter (December and January), summer (April through June), and the monsoon season (June through September). During the winter average temperatures range from 10° to 27°C. Summers are hot, with an average temperature varies between 40°C to 45°C. During the winter season temperatures average is about 5° to 10°C. Bihar receives an average annual rainfall of about 1205 mm, of which 90 percent falls during the monsoon season.

2. Despite vast reserves of natural resources and available manpower, the state could not develop to the extent, as it should have, due to lack of transport infrastructure, and vastness of the geographical area. It is evidently clear from the factor that Bihar has about 21.77 km of roads per 100 sq.km, as against the national average of 38.33 km per 100 sq. km. The road network is seriously deficient both in the quantum network connectivity as well as in riding quality of the roads, mainly the state highways, district roads and village roads. Due to lack of road connectivity, vast areas of the state are inaccessible, resulting in major population chunks, generally in far flung areas of the state having remained under- developed and devoid of educational and health facilities and employment opportunities.

3. To overcome this acute bottleneck in the overall development of the state, the Government of Bihar (GoB) has negotiated with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a loan (Loan 2443-IND) for upgradation, rehabilitation and strengthening of state roads, mainly state highways, in the state to improve the connectivity and upgrade the infrastructure in transport sector to provide impetus to developmental activities.

4. Thus with ADB assistance under BSHP, 9 stretches of existing state highways with total length of 826 kms., were identified for rehabilitation & up gradation in the state of Bihar falling in the district of the Siwan, Chapra Vaishali, Muzaffarpur, Motihari Darbhanga, Araria, Supaul Katihar and Purnia . These nine roads have been grouped in two packages namely “Package1- North Bihar” and “Package2- South Bihar”.

5. The Bihar State Road Development Corporation Ltd., Govt of Bihar has undertaken the work of widening and strengthening of state highways from single lane to two lane carriageway. The proposed alignment is mostly concentric widening for all road sections. Sufficient considerations, within the limitation of technical and economic requirement, have been given at design and construction stage to minimize the adverse impacts on the community and surrounding environment. The EMP and RAP prepared for the projects are being implemented to mitigate or minimize negative impacts caused due to the projects.

6. The present report pertains to environmental compliance status of Package 1- North Bihar and the subprojects included in this package are as described below.

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Table 1. Summary of State Highways under Bihar I: Package 1 North Bihar Civil Work Length Time for SH No. Road Name Package (Km) Completion (days) 5 73 Siwan- Shitalpur 88 900 6 74 Hajipur-Areraj 85 900 7 75 Darbhanga-Madawpur 47 720 8 76 Araria- Bhaptiyahi 121 1080 9 77 Kursela- Forbesgunj 105 1080 Total 446

B. Project Objectives:

7. The proposed Bihar State Highways Project will foster the economic growth in Bihar State. The long term project objectives are to contribute to the economic development of Bihar through better connectivity to improved transport facilities with emphasis on promoting commerce and on improvement of livelihood for the poor.

8. Primary focus of the Project is to improve rural connectivity and facilitate all-round development in educational & health facilities and trade activities within the State for economic growth.

C. Environmental Category

9. All the subprojects were categorized as Environmental Category “B”, according to ADB’s Environment Policy (2002).

D. Environmental Performance Indicators

10. For effective monitoring, selected environmental parameters have been identified as indicators which may be qualitatively and quantitatively measured and compared over a period of time in order to assess/ensure the compliance of EMP. The environmental performance indicators are physical, biological and social characteristics identified as most important in affecting the environment at critical locations all along the sub-project corridors. The parameters identified as performance indicators are:

Compliance with Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans. Compliance to state/national environmental regulations. Monitoring of ambient air quality, water quality and noise levels and comparison with baseline environmental quality and state/national standards.

II. COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH NATIONAL /STATE /LOCAL STATUTORY ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

11. BSRDC and Civil works contractors have either applied or obtained permissions required under the existing statutory environmental regulations. These includes permission for tree cutting from forest department, permissions from the Department of Mining, Directorate of explosive, consent for construction & operation of construction equipment such Hot Mix Plants, Stone Crushers, Batching Plants, WMM Plants, DG sets etc. 3

Table 2. Status of Environmental Statutory Compliance

Sl. Project Statutory Environmental Compliance Status No. Requirements 1. Package 5 - SH Approval for Tree Cutting Complied. *Km 0.00 to Km 38.40 Clearance given by Gopalganj DFO. Km 73 (Siwan- 38.42 to Km. 68.00 & Km. 75.00 to Km. Sheetalpur 88.00 clearance given by Chapra DFO. Tree cutting work started. Road Section) Consent to establish and Complied. Consent to establish HMP, operate WMM and Batching Plant at Magri, Distt. a) HMP Siwan obtained from SPCB on 16.12.2010 b) WMM c) Batching Plant Consent to operate DG Complied. Included in consent of HMP, sets WMM Plant and Batching Plant. NOC for Fuel Station Complied. PUC Certificates for Complied. PUC certificates available with contractors vehicles contractor. 2. Package 6 - SH Approval for Tree Cutting Complied. Approval for Tree Cutting obtained and cutting of trees is in progress. 74 (Vaishali - Consent to establish and Complied. Consent to establish HMP and Areraj Road operate WMM Plant at Hussaini, Distt. East a) HMP 120 TPH Champaran and at Basuchak , Distt. Section) b) WMM 100 TPH Complied. Muzaffarpur obtained from c) Batching Plant 30 SPCB on 07.06.2010 cum/hr Complied. Consent to establish Batching Plant and Hume Pipe manufacturing Plant at Pratap Patti, Distt. Muzaffarpur obtained from SPCB on 07.06.2010

Complied. Emission Consent order obtained from SPCB for operating plants at Pratap Patti ,Distt. Muzaffarpur for the period 21.06.2010 to 30.06.2011

Complied. Emission Consent order obtained from SPCB for operating plants at Hussaini, Distt. East Champaran for the period 18.06.2010 to 30.06.2011

Complied. Emission/ Discharge Consent order obtained from SPCB for operating plants at Basuchak , Distt. Muzaffarpur for the period 18.06.2010 to 30.06.2011 Consent to operate DG Complied. Obtained consent for DG set of sets 500KVA at Hussaini, Distt. East Champaran from SPCB on 07.06.2010

Complied. Obtained consent for DG set of 140 KVA at Pratap Patti, Distt. Muzaffarpur obtained from SPCB on 07.06.2010 NOC for Fuel Station Complied. PUC Certificates for Complied. PUC certificates available with contractors vehicles contractor. 3. Contract Approval for Tree Cutting Complying. Applied to Forest Department , approval from the Forest Dept. is Package 7 - SH awaited Consent to establish and Complying. Consent yet not received 4

75 (Darbhanga operate a) HMP –Madhwapur b) WMM Road Section) c) Batching Plant Consent to operate DG Not complied. Will be included in above sets consent for Plants NOC for Fuel Station Complied. PUC Certificates for Complied. PUC certificates available with contractors vehicles contractor. 4. Package 8 - SH Approval for Tree Cutting Complying. Applied to Forest Department , approval from the Forest Dept. is awaited 76 (Araria – Consent to establish and Complied. Consent to establish HMP, Bhapatiyahi operate WMM Plant at Nemanwa ,Distt. Supaul a) HMP 90-120 TPH obtained from SPCB on 10.06.2010 Road Section – b) WMM 200 TPH (2 a newly nos.) Complied. Consent to establish Batching declared State c) Batching Plant 30 Plant and WMM Plant at Triveniganj ,Distt. TPH Supaul obtained from SPCB on Highway) 10.06.2010

Complied. Emission / Discharge Consent order obtained from SPCB for operating plants at Nemanwa and Triveniganj ,Distt. Supaul for the period 21.06.2010 to 30.06.2011 Consent to operate DG Complied. Included in consent of HMP, sets WMM Plant and Batching Plant. NOC for Fuel Station Complied. PUC Certificates for Complied. PUC certificates available with contractors vehicles contractor. 5. Package 9 - SH Approval for Tree Cutting Complying. Clearance from the Forest Dept. is still awaited 77 (Kursela- Consent to establish and Complied. Consent to establish Stone Forbesganj operate Crusher in Shahkund ,Distt Bhagalpur a) Stone Crusher obtained from SPCB on 17.04.2009 Road section b) HMP 120 TPH also A newly c) WMM 100 TPH Complied. Consent to establish HMP, declared State d) Batching Plant WMM Plant, Batching Plant at Kurshela 30cum/hr ,Distt. Katihar obtained from SPCB on Highway) 20.05.2010 Consent to operate DG Complied. Included in consent of HMP, sets WMM Plant and Batching Plant. NOC for Fuel Station Complied. PUC Certificates for Complied. PUC certificates available with contractors vehicles contractor.

III. COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS AS STIPULATED IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTATION AS AGREED WITH ADB

12. BSRDC, through its PIU and environmental expert of SC closely monitors the implementation of environmental management and monitoring plan (EMMP) for all packages through regular review meetings held with the environmental experts of supervision consultants and by visiting the construction sites. For effective supervision of implementation of these EMMP, the supervision consultants have designated their existing site staff for environmental coordination. All contractors have also designated environmental officers for the respective contracts.

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13. The mitigation measures identified during environmental assessment have been incorporated in design and are being implemented during construction. The projects are being executed without land acquisition. PAPs which include Squatter and Encroaches have been/are being compensated as per ADB guidelines and Bihar State policy. Written agreements between land owner and contractors are there for all temporary lands acquired for the construction camps, borrow areas and other project related ancillary activity. Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works is being/have been removed. Trees identified under the project will be/have been cut after getting approval from Concerned Forest Department.

14. Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing road been utilized for the paving of cross roads, access roads and paving works in construction sites and campus, temporary traffic diversions, haulage routes etc.

15. Contractors instructed to ensure that any spoils or material unsuitable for embankment fill will not be disposed off near any water course, agricultural land, and natural habitat like grass lands or pastures.

16. Contractors are sprinkling water on unpaved surfaces to control dust particularly in sections passing through the settlement areas or habitations. They have been advised to regulate frequency of water sprinkling depending on weather conditions and the local requirements.

17. The construction camps are located away from the habitation. There are sufficient facilities in Camp to ensure that the workforce are provided with an acceptable standard of living and comfort during their stay in camp. Sufficient quantity of potable water supply is there in every workplace/ labour camp site at suitable and easily accessible places and such facilities are regularly maintained. The contractors provided garbage bins in the camps and these are regularly emptied. Labor/supervisor camps also provided with adequate and appropriate facilities for water supply, sanitation, disposal of sewage and solid waste. At every camp, first aid kits and fire extinguishers are readily available.

18. Although SC has assessed that the implementation of EMMP during the reporting period has been satisfactory, some areas such as safety arrangements, traffic management and usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) by the construction workers require to be improved further. SC has instructed the civil work contractors to take appropriate mitigation actions to improve implementation of traffic and worker safety measures and dust control measures by carry out regular water sprinkling in dust prone areas, and to ensure that all workmen and staff employed on site use safety gear provided to them. Supervision Consultant has also instructed the contractors to ensure usage of PPE by all staff working at the camp site.

IV. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ENGAGED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF THE PROJECT

19. Construction work on five subprojects is in progress. In all the five cases the contractors have nominated Environmental Safety Officers for implementation and reporting of EMP at the sites.

20. Government of Bihar has commissioned the services of Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. (ICT), in association with Planning & Infrastructural Development Consultant (PIDC) to supervise the construction activity including implementation of Environmental Management Plan by Contractor.

21. Monitoring schedules and reporting formats have been issued to contractors by SC. The contractors are submitting the monthly environmental reports to SC on time by the end of every month. 6

22. Constant monitoring of EMP implementation on under construction projects is being carried out by SC and PIU.

23. Concerned staff of SC regularly visit the constructions sites and report to their Team Leader about issues/problems related to environment and non-compliance of measures as given in EMP. Necessary directions, in case of non-compliance, are being given to the contractors on the site and through the writings about the procedures to resolve problems/issues or requirements.

24. The supervision consultant submits periodic progress report to BSRDC that includes information on implementation of EMMP. The environmental information captured in these reports includes environmental monitoring status of construction sites, pollution control measures being adopted, and measures for workers safety at construction site and camp site etc.

V. MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL RECEPTORS/ ATTRIBUTES

A. Monitoring Basis:

25. Besides regular on site monitoring for the implementation of Environmental Management Plan, air quality, water quality and noise levels are required to be monitored to check if any adverse impact is being caused by the construction activities. The monitoring of environmental variables is being carried out as per the agreed Environmental Monitoring Plan.

B. Type of environmental receptor/attribute to be monitored:

26. The environmental attributes to be monitored include the air, noise and water quality parameters at the proposed construction sites in the sub-project corridors. In air quality the parameters monitored include SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx. The water quality parameters for outlet water of camp include temperature, pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS , oil and grease and Pb. Drinking water samples are also being collected and tested to ensure that parameters are well within permissible limit as mentioned in IS:10500.

C. Methods of Monitoring:

27. The contractors working on projects hired the environmental monitoring agency approved by MOEF/NABL to monitor air, water and noise parameters.

28. The Envirotech East Pvt. Ltd., Bengal Ambuja Commercial Complex, Kolkata is carrying out the monitoring of SH-73 project. This agency is approved by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India. For all other four projects (SH-74, SH-75, SH-76 and SH-77) contractors engaged the Microtech Systems and Services, Dhanbad, Jharkhand for environmental monitoring work. Microtech Systems and Services have been accredited by NABL. Contractors asked these agencies to collect samples from the site as and when required.

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D. Monitoring Results and Correlation with Statutory Requirements at National/State/Local Levels

29. Environmental monitoring for Air, Water and Noise parameters, for five packages, are being carried out from time to time to ensure that plants and machineries working on project do not pollute the surrounding environment. The values of all the air quality parameters, water and Noise levels, observed at all the sites, are within the permissible/regulatory limits.

E. Details of complaints received from public and actions taken thereof to resolve:

30. BSRDC has established a grievance redressal cell. However no complaint was received from public or any other quarter during this period.

31. HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns for PAPs and people from nearby villagers were conducted in project SH-73 & SH-74 from 25.09.2010 to 28.09.2010, for SH-75 from 29.09.2010 to 01.10.2010, for SH-76 from 09.12.2010 to 13.12.2010 & from 10.02.2011 to 14.02.2011 and for SH-77 from 17.09.2010 to 21.09.2010 & 10.03.2011 to 14.03.2011.

VI. FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS AND CONCLUSION

32. Site supervision of five under construction sub-projects of Package1- North Bihar is being carried out regularly to ensure that environmental impacts are adequately mitigated to satisfaction and to ensure compliance with statutory regulations as required by laws and agreed upon EMP. The contractors are being regularly instructed to pay attention to environmental issues and adhere to the provisions of EMP and FIDIC conditions. Training programs for the Engineers, the contractors and project staff as well as regular informal onsite orientation for the contractors’ supervisory staff and site engineers on EMP implementation have been/will be conducted.

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Location Map for Environmental Monitoring Stations/Sites APPENDIX- 1

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