Penguatan Olahraga Pencak Silat Sebagai Warisan

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Penguatan Olahraga Pencak Silat Sebagai Warisan PENGUATAN6 OLAHRAGA PENCAK SILAT SEBAGAI WARISAN BUDAYA NUSANTARA MUHAMMAD MUHYI PURBOJATI Abstract Sports martial arts (pencak silat) has grown and developed over the establishment of the Indone- sian nation, even before Indonesia’s independence. It needs to be strengthened in order to contin- ue to grow stronger in Indonesia. In order to realize it, the pillars of the national culture must be upheld which includes (1) construction of identity and character of the nation (2) Preservation of cultural heritage (3) development work / innovation and cultural diplomacy (4) institutional and human culture, and (5) facilities and infrastructure culture. To strengthen the construction of the five pillars of culture-related sports martial arts, the various concrete support pillars can help in any martial arts in the cultural heritage of the archipelago of Indonesia as well maintained. Keywords: sports martia arts, national culture, culural heritage. PENDAHULUAN lah olahraga tradisional dan olahraga pencaksi- Berbagai fakta menunjukkan bahwa Indonesi lat, maka bagaimana penguatan bisa terwujud, memiliki keragaman budaya yang sangat tinggi strategi apa yang harus digunakan untuk men- mulai dari perbedaan bahasa, perbedaan suku, guatkannya. perbedaan agama, perbedaan adat istiadat. Hal Kondisi masyarakat Indonesia yang tersebut merupakan kekayaan budaya yang tidak sangat cair airtinya hampir seluruh budaya as- ternilai harganya yang dirangkum dalam satu ing masuk dan mudah berada di tengah-tengah wadah yang dinamakan kebudayaan. masyarakat dibandingkan dengan negara lain Berbagai kekayaan budaya yang ada yang kuat dengan nilai dan budaya negaranya. merambah juga sampai ke dunia olahraga sep- Apa yang harus dilakukan untuk bisa menguat- erti sepak takraw, dan pencaksilat serta olahraga kan budaya nusantara khususnya pencaksilat. tradisional yang begitu banyak ragamnya, dan Pencaksilat banyak ragamnya dan hal hal tersebut merupakan warisan budaya nusan- tersebut tidak hanya di jumpai di Indonesia di tara yang tidak ternilai harganya. Malaysia juga dijumpai pencak silat, di Bru- Warisan budaya nusantara yang begitu nei Darussalam juga dijumpai pencak silat hal banyak pada saat ini dihadapkan dengan kondi- tersebut perlu penguatan baik identitas maupun si dorongan dari arus globalisasi yang begitu sejenisnya, bagaimana membangun penguatan kuat masuk ke Indonesia, dengan adanya Ase- tersebut menjadi nyata dan bisa menunjukkan an Economic Community (AEC) 2015 yang ta- jati diri pencaksilat Indonesia. hun depan bergulir, tidak bisa dipungkiri maka Undang Undang Dasar 1945 men- berbagai budaya asing masuk ke Indonesia ma- gamanatkan tentang kebudayaan di pasal 32 kin terbuka, atas dasar itulah maka penguatan ayat 1 dan 2 yang berbunyi (1) Negara mema- budaya Indonesia termasuk di dalamnya ada- jukan kebudayaan nasional Indonesia di tengah 141 peradapan dunia dengan menjamin kebebasan Dalam perkembangannya pencaksilat masyarakat dalam memelihara dan mengem- ada ditengah-tengah masyarakat dan tumbuh bangkan nilai-nilai budayanya. Jika Undang-Un- bersama masyarakat, pencaksilat tumbuh dan dang Dasar sudah mengamanatkan seperti itu berkembang bersama bahkan banyak orang maka apa yang harus dilakukan untuk menguat- mempelajari dan menguasai dengan baik, dan kan budaya nasional termasuk di dalamya pen- dijadikan bagian dari pedoman masyarakat itu caksilat. sendiri. Sudah kita ketahui bersama bahwa pen- Menurut Dirjen Kebudayaan ada 5 pilar cak silat merupakan salah satu warisan budaya pembangunan budaya di Indonesia, ada lima pi- Indonesia yang terus menerus diupayakan bah- lar pembangunan budaya di Indoensia, dan keli- kan harus di lestarikan oleh masyarakat Indo- ma pilar tersebut antara lain adalah: nesia.Upaya penguatan dan pelestarian terus 1. Pembangunan Jati dan Karakter Bangsa. dilakukan karena tidak lepas dari banyaknya rag- am pencak silat di Indonesia.Setiap daerah yang 2. Pelestarian Warisan Budaya (Benda dan Tak ada di Indonesia memiliki ciri khas masing-mas- Benda). ing.Karena pencak silat banyak ragamnya dan 3. Pengembangan Karya/Inovasi dan Diplo- tersebar di seluruh nusantara yang muncul ada- masi Budaya. lah adanya kurang perhatian dan penyebaran 4. Kelembagaan dan SDM Kebudayaan. bela diri pencak silat dari masyarakat Indonesia. Apa dampak dari kurang perhatian ini yakni be- 5. Sarana dan Prasarana Budaya. rakibat pada penurunan minat terhadap pencak (Dirjen Kebudayaan, Kemendikbud, 2014). silat, jika demikian yang terjadi maka penguatan demi penguatan harus dilakukan. Denga lima pilar tersebut makin mem- pertajam yang mengarah pada pencak dan bu- daya bangsa Indonesia, yang kian hari tergerus PILAR PEMBANGUNAN BUDAYA dengan berbagai budaya luar yang masuk ke In- donesia. Berdasarkan latar belakang yang sudah dipapar- kan sebelumnya, maka penguatan-penguatan Pencak Silat merupakan bagian dari yang dilakukan salah satunya dengan melirik kebudayaan masyarakat Indonesia yang sudah pembangunan budaya di Indonesia yang berba- berkembang sejak jaman dahulu kala. Pencak sis beberapa pilar utama. silat berakar pada budaya Melayu dan telah dikenal luas di berbagai Negara seperti Malay- Untuk memahami pilar pembangunn sia, Brunei, dan Singapura, tentu akan menarik budaya maka diawali dengan pemahaman kon- jika dikaitkan dengan kondisi dari berbagai pilar sep tentang apayang dimaksud dengan kebu- yang ada.Khususnya pilar pembangunan jati diri dayaan. Berdasarkan penjelasan para ahli pen- dan karakter bangsa. gertian dari kebudayaan adalah keseluruhan sistem nilai, gagasan, perilaku dan hasil karya Di sisi lain seorang yang memainkan manusia yang dikembangkan melalui prodes be- Pencak silat di Indonesia tidak hanya satu ma- lajar dan adaptasi terhadap lingkungannya yang cam saja.Sdah kita ketahui banyak versi olahra- berfungsi sebagai pedoman untuk kehidupan ga pencak silat yang berkembang sesuai dengan bermasyarakat dan bernegara. (Dirjen Kebu- nilai budaya masyarakat setempat.Misalnya pen- dayaan, Kemendikbud, 2014).Dengan merujuk cak silat aliran Cimande yang konon bermula pada pengertian tersebut maka kalau mengkaji dari kisah seorang perempuan yang menyaksikan pencaksilat, dapat dipahami bahwa pencak silat pertarungan antara harimau dengan kera, kemu- merupakan bagian dari budaya bangsa Indoen- dian meniru gerakan kedua hewan tersebut.Ada sia. silat atau silek yang berasal dari ranah Minang, MUHAMMAD MUHYI & PURBOJATI, Penguatan Olahraga Pencak Silat ... 142 yang diciptakan oleh Datuk Suri Diraja dari Dari dua pengertian tersebut pencaksilat Pariangan Tanah Datar pada abad XIKalau hal merupakan keterampilan gerak fisik justru un- tersebut dikaitkan dengan pengembangan kara/ tuk beladiri maupun untuk berkelahi.Sejatinya inovasi sehngga Pecaksilat dapat dikembang- perkembangan pencaksilat di Indonesi ada sejak kan dengan berciri khas daerah namun tidak sebelum negara ini juga ada, pada masa kerajaan meninggalkan ciri khas daerah setermpat. pencaksilat sudah dikenal dengan berbagai vari- Induk organisasi pencak silat di Indone- asi dan kekayaan aliran yang ada. sia saat ini adalah Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia Begitu meluas perkembangan olahra- (IPSI). Ada pula organisasi yang mewadahi fed- ga pencaksilat di tanah air, berbagai aliran juga erasi-federasi pencak silat dari berbagai Negara muncul yang mewarnai dan memberikan ciri yang bernama Persekutuan Pencak Silat Antara khas dari masing-masing olahraga tersebut.Ciri Bangsa (PERSILAT) yang dibentuk oleh Indo- khas tersebut kita rasakan sampai saat ini. nesia, Singapura, Malaysia, dan Brunei Darus- Seperti diketahui bahwa pada umum- salam.Hal tersebut makin dikuatkan dengan nya di Indonesia memiliki tiga macam tentang adanya pilar pembungunan kebudayaan yakni pencaksilat, macam pencaksilat tersebut dilihat kelembagaan. dari sisi gambaran atau profil pencaksilat dan Berbagai Fakultas olahraga yang dida- kedua dari sisi tampilan pencaksilat. (1) Pencak lamnya mengajarkan mata kulaih pencaksilat, silat yang memang lahir dari masyarakat setem- perguruan olahraga pencaksilat, dan ekstra kuri- pat atau masyarakat asli atau dari suku yang ada kuler pencaksilat di Sekolah serta pedepokan di masyarakat, inilah yang dikatakan pencaksilat yang ada di nusantara terus dikembangkan un- asli baik sisi gambarannya nyata dan penampi- tuk melahirkan pilar pembangunan kebudayaan lan pencaksilat asli di masyarakat Indonesia. (2) ke lima yakni pembangunan Sumber Daya Ma- Pencaksilat yang tidak asli merupakan macam nusia yang memadai dan profesional di bidang- dari pencaksilat yang ada di Indonesia, macam nya. pencaksilat tersebut lahir dan tumbuh bukan dari masyarakat setempat, tetapi justru banyak dari luar seperti kungfu dari china, jujitsu dari Pencaksilat di Indonesia jepang dan lain sebagainya. (3) adanya pencaksi- Banyak berbagai rujukan yang mengangkat ten- lata yang merupakan perbauran dari poin no 1 tang pengertian Pencaksilat yang terud berkem- dan no 2. bangan sampai saat ini. Dari macam pencak silat tersebut maka Beberapa ahli memberikan pengertian pencaksilat terus berevolusi, sampai pada fung- sebagai berikutl.“pencak is a skillful body move- si saat ini untuk pembangunan mental, penguat ment in variations for self-defence and silat is persatuan dan kesatuan, identitas diri dan bang- the fighting application of pencak; silat cannot sa, serta sebagai pengembangan hiburan di ten- exist without pencak; pencak without silat is gah masyarakat.Demikian pencaksilat yang ada purposeless" (DON F. DRAEGER, 1972). Pen- di tanah air, untuk bisa makin menunjukkan ek- caksilat juga dimaknai dengan asal muasal
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