Some Antiquities in the Parish of Craignish. by A. Graham
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III. SOME ANTIQUITIES IN THE PARISH OF CRAIGNISH. BGRAHAMYA , F.S.A., F.S.A.Scox. 1948.10, ReadMay The spit of land that ends in Craignish Point, the northern "jamb" of the Dorus Mor, is something under seven miles in length by just over two mile n breadti s h alon s baseit g , whic s dennee highwahi th y b d y from Oban to Lochgilphead (fig. 1). It divides Loch Oraignish from the land- locked waters eas Corrievreckaf o t Scarbad formes mose i nan th d r tan ,dfo par steef o t p rocky ridges, broken hills moorlandd ,an ;summit w onlfe ya s rise more than 400 feet above sea-level. Most of the lower-lying ground bees ha n improve farmingr dfo , thoug arable hth e lan interruptes di d from plac placo et cragsy eb , gullies scrub-woodd an , shoree Th diversifiee . sar d baysy b , inlets islandsd an ,Loc d an , h Craignis particularn hi , being fref o e dangerous currents conveniens i , navigatior fo t smaly nb l craft. Apart from some short notes by Christison on four of the forts,1 an accoun Childy b tcist-grave, a f eo briea d f 2an descriptio pard f ol o t e th f no Craignish Castle,3 the antiquities of this region have received but little notice viewn I . , therefore theif o , r rather large number relation si e th o nt size of the area, as well as of the particular interest attaching to some of the forts s ,seeme iha t d worth whil o maket e publi e followinth c g note1 01 s some of the earlier remains, which were compiled in the course of a short 1 Early Fortifications Scotland,n i . 199pp , 201, 240; P.S.A.S, vol. xxiii . 417-20pp . 2 P.S.A.S, vol. Ixx. p. 396. 3 Macgibbo d Rossnan , Castellated Domesticd an Architecture of Scotland, vol. iii . 173p . SOME ANTIQUITIES IN THE PARISH OF CRAIGNISH. 53 visit in the summer of 1947. And I wish to acknowledge here the assistance very Lindsay-MacDougals kindl Mr e fiel y th yb d n givei e nm f Lungao l , Mrs Collingwood, and Miss Gordon, and at the drawing-table by Mr C. S. T. Calder, A.B.I.A.S., F.S.A.Scot. Fig. 1. The Craignish peninsula, showing positions of sites by serial numbers. FORTS. The most notabl peninsule e th for n i t certainls ai Mhuilin yDu g (I),1 a "galleried dun" which occupies the nose of a rocky bluff and overlooks the meadow at the head of Bagh Dun Mhuilig from a height of about 150 feet. The remains, which are much ruined, consist of a building on e bluf e nosth th f o e wit wallso reducew htw no , o theidt r foundations, stretching across the neck behind, some 30 and 65 feet respectively from the debrie edgth f eo s fallen fro maie mth n structure innee Th r. wall shown sa entranc fee6 e maitp th wide ega f n O buildin. e b l thagn al (fig, ca t 2) . seen to-da e loweth s yi r parmassiva f o t e wall drawn acros nece sth f ko r conveniencFo 1 locatinn ei monumentse gth seriae th , l numbers that appea rtext— e inth e.gn i . this case ("1")—are shown on the sketch-map of the district reproduced as fig. 1. A list of map- papere th referencef o . d en givee s si th t na 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1947-48. blufe th f wit extensionn ha , which quickly degenerate mounsw intlo oa d of debris, curving southwards along the west side. At its southern end this wall seems to have incorporated an outcrop ridge, on the outside of which some facing-stone stile ar placesn i l . definito Thern e ear e signf o s PLAN Fig . DunMhuilig2 . ; plan sectiod an , transversf no e wall. fortification along the southern and eastern sides of the site, where the steepnes e slophavy th f ema eso been considered sufficient protections i t i ; just possible, however, that the circuit may once have been complete and tha thavy thima es t beei par f o nt remove landslipsy b d aree t a Th . present enclosed by the wall and the lip of the precipice is more or less U-shaped measured an , s abou fee0 5 tt from nort souto ht abouy hb fee0 3 t t from east to west. No positive traces of the entrance remain, but a depressio moune th n westerdebrii f e do th n so n marsidy positiones ma k it . The massive transverse Avail is of great interest, as it contains a mural gallery with three lintels still in situ (PI. X, 1). Its eastern end is finished SOME ANTIQUITIES IN THE PARISH OF CRAIGNISH. 55 a f facwhao o es t almosp i t li alon e a precipicetgth witd an ,h this it s northern and southern faces form angles of rather more and rather less than 90 degrees respectively (PI. X, 2). For a length of 17 feet from the e waleaster th s abou i ld fee2 nen 1 t t thick t beyonbu , d that poine th t southern face begins to curve south-westwards and then southwards, whil footinge enortherth e th f so tracee nb fac thein n do eca r original align- men r anothefo t feet0 1 tha ro e s apparen, th t t thicknes e wall—ath f o s s far as this can be stated subject to the errors resulting from the piled-up debris—increase nearlo st feet5 y1 . Wher e inneeth r face begin curveo st , a scarcement, 11 inches wide at its maximum, appears just above the debris; its original height above ground-level cannot be estimated. At its highest, southere th n face stands rather less tha feen4 t abov scarcemente eth s i t i ; to be noted that the masonry of the face above the scarcement is of large angular blocks lowee , seee th whil b f n ro n mucs parea ca s tha shows well- laid courses of thin slabs (PL X, 3). The mural passage varies in breadth from 2 feet 3 inches to 4 feet, and is 5 feet 1 inch high under the surviving lintels. lintele Easth f s flooo sit t r rises ruinee graduallyth p s a dto d an , of the wall is gradually sinking here, all traces of the passage die out about fee3 t e eastershorth f o t nwalle th fac f .o e Though this fac disturbes i e d e passage th line o f nth eo , therindicatioo n s ei n tha entrancn a t e th o et passage ever existed here doer passage no ;sth e see mhavo t e been entered through the southern face some 7 feet from the eastern end, where further disturbance occurs. e lintellinWesth f e passago te th floo gth f o r e rises sharply t whethebu , merele r thidu s unequao si yt l filling-u debriy pb r so to the presence of a buried stair cannot be determined without clearance. This end of the passage likewise fades out on the surface of the ruined wall, its total remaining length being thus about 30 feet. Its course is nearly straight, two straight sections being united by one which curves slightly. The massive galleried wall spanning the neck of the bluff immediately suggests a comparison with the structure on Barra Head, Bernera, and at a further remove with other members of the "galleried dun" series—fo1 r example, Rudh Dunain,n a ' Ardtreck,n Du 2 Liathn Ringilln 3Du 4,Du d 5an n Grugaig,n Skyei Du l al . Only four galleried duns—Dun Grugaig (Glenelg),6 7 Kildonan,8 Castle Haven, Dunburgidald 9an e 10—had previously been known elsewhere than in the Western Islands (outer or inner), or five, counting Ardifuar, and this addition of another example is con- 1 sequently of considerable1 interest, especially in view of what seem to be its "Island" affinities. 1 B.O.A.M., Inventory Outer e oth f Hebrides, etc.. 450No ,. "- Ibid., 483. No . ' Ibid., 541. No . 3 Ibid., 484. No . 5 Ibid., No. 650. 6 Ibid., No. 651. ' P.S.A.8., vol. xxix. p. 183. 8 P.S.A.S., vol. Ixxiii . 185p . 9 P.S.A.S., vol ; R.O.A.M.. 68 xli . p . , Inventory of Kirkcudbright,. 64 . No 0 P.S.A.S.,1 vol. xxvii. p. 287. " P.S.A.S., vol. xxxix. p. 260. 56 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , 1947-48. A further possible link with the Islands is supplied by a fort (2) near the base of the hill called Mullach Dubh, though in this case the comparison t wit ie gallerieno s hth d structure s such sa t wit e seriebu , hth f smallo s , broch-like forts—some of which, in fact, have galleries. The fort in questio stand) highese narrond 1 th , (PIan n so XI w w. t lo poin ridga f o et of rock which runs from south-south-wes north-north-easo t t t througe hth so FEET Fig . For3 . t below Mullach Dubh; plan. low ground between the foot of Mullach Dubh and the seashore to the west. The slopes below the fort are partially precipitous on the north-west nortd verd an han y steep from north-eas southo t t e easiesth ; t access i s from the south-west along the ridge; but here again a natural obstacle exists, as the ridge is broken across by a rock-bound gash some 20 yards short of the fort entrance.