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Book Reviews BOOK REVIEWS THE NEW TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE. By Ε. H. Robertson. Studies in Ministry and Worship 12. Naperville, HI.: Allenson, 1959. Pp. 190. $2.50. "The Bible translators throughout the world," to whom this book is dedicated, if they take a few hours off to read it, will find the contents both entertaining and thought-provoking. Eleven chapters describe the origin and makers of the Authorized Version, the Revised Version, modern versions be­ fore Moffatt (with some fascinating pages on Ferrar Fenton's Bible, com­ pleted in 1903), Moffatt, the Goodspeed Bible, J. B. Phillips, E. V. Rieu (here a broadcast discussion between Phillips and Rieu is reproduced; and one notices that many of Phillips' ideas have been used by the author in earlier pages), the "Plain English" Bible, the Revised Standard Version (which, in the present writer's opinion, is not praised highly enough), Ronald Knox's Bible, and a Jewish translation; then in the last chapter an account is given of the great work now progressing in the non-Roman churches of the United Kingdom under the presidency of C. H. Dodd. As an example of the entertainment which the book provides, here is a passage quoted from Moffatt "containing his best Scoticism—'factor' [for Lk's oikonotnos]" : "There was a rich man who had a factor, and this factor, he found, was accused of mismanaging his property. So he summoned him and said: '... you cannot be factor any longer.' The factor said to himself: 'What am I to do, now that my master is taking the factorship away from me?' " (Lk 16:1-3). A little innocent fun is also provided at the expense of certain valiant women who have turned their hand to Bible translation. In 1876, a certain Julia Smith produced "a crib, not a translation," of which the following specimen is quoted: "Thou dwelling in Lebanon, building a nest in cedars, how being compassionated in pangs coming to thee the pain as of her bringing forth" (Jer 22:23). Robertson continues: "Nine years later another woman translator, Mrs. Helen Spurrell of London, attempted to bring the OT near to the English reader in her Translation of the Old Testament Scriptures from the Original Hebrew. She had one disadvantage: she did not know Hebrew." However, he adds that, although over fifty, she set herself to learn the language. The joke is well made; but it could have been made almost equally well about Msgr. Ronald Knox! The more serious thoughts which this excellent essay provokes in the head of one Catholic student are along the following lines. How mortifying to think that the Anglican Church has had an English Bible translated from the original languages ever since 1611, whereas we have still not completed one! How regrettable that Catholic scholars did not participate in the making of the Revised Standard Version! How sad that Rieu's brilliant version of the 276 BOOK REVIEWS 277 Gospels, so faithful to the Greek and so smooth in its English style, is not the work of a Catholic! When shall we learn the urgency of making the Bible speak to our own generation in its own idiom? Have not the Anglicans a more just appreciation than we have of the place which Bible translation should take in the intellectual life of the Church? Heythrop College, Oxon JOHN BLIGH, S J. ADAM ET SON LIGNAGE: ETUDES SUR LA NOTION DE "PERSONNALITÉ CORPORATIVE" DANS LA BIBLE. By J. de Fraine, S.J. Museum Lessianum, section biblique 2. Bruges: Desclée de Brouwer, 1959. Pp. 319. 1800 fr. The title of this book is slightly misleading, since it is much more narrow than the material treated. P. de Fraine presents a study of the "corporate personality" concept developed by the late H. Wheeler Robinson and applies it to a wider range of biblical texts than Robinson dealt with in his now classic essay. By this study of a particular biblical concept and its applications, de Fraine hopes to reveal "one of the richer categories by which may be elaborated that truly biblical Catholic theology which our con­ temporaries desire and demand." To this purpose he has chosen a topic which is important and which runs through the entire Bible. The concept of corporate personality is foreign to Western thought and is usually over­ looked even by educated readers of the Bible, who therefore fail to grasp many biblical passages and themes. After a theoretical outline of the concept, de Fraine discusses its effect upon nine themes: the father and the family, the influence of the individual representative for good, the influence of the same for evil, the ancestor and his descendants, the influence of the fathers for good, the influence of the same for evil, the identity of the clan name and the individual name, the concretization of the people in an individual person, the legal "thou" as referring to the entire nation. The concept is then studied in concrete applica­ tions: Adam, the king, the prophets, the Servant of Yahweh, the Son of Man, and the "I" of the Psalms. The same nine themes are then briefly studied in the NT and in the concept of the Mystical Body. The study is rich in texts cited, perhaps too rich. I find that many of the texts do not well illustrate the concept, although they may illustrate solidarity; but "corporate personality" is a specific type of solidarity which is not always explicit. I should have preferred to see the texts selected more economically, and more explicitly classified and analyzed. I fear that the theologian to whom both de Fraine and I would like to refer the book may at times feel helplessly lost in a jungle of citations, and this might discourage him from proceeding to the excellent exposition of concrete applications in the OT and of the Mystical Body. BOOK REVIEWS 277 Gospels, so faithful to the Greek and so smooth in its English style, is not the work of a Catholic! When shall we learn the urgency of making the Bible speak to our own generation in its own idiom? Have not the Anglicans a more just appreciation than we have of the place which Bible translation should take in the intellectual life of the Church? Heythrop College, Oxon JOHN BLIGH, S J. ADAM ET SON LIGNAGE: ETUDES SUR LA NOTION DE "PERSONNALITÉ CORPORATIVE" DANS LA BIBLE. By J. de Fraine, SJ. Museum Lessianum, section biblique 2. Bruges: Desclée de Brouwer, 1959. Pp. 319. 1800 fr. The title of this book is slightly misleading, since it is much more narrow than the material treated. P. de Fraine presents a study of the "corporate Personality' concept developed by the late H. Wheeler Robinson and applies it to a wider range of biblical texts than Robinson dealt with in his now classic essay. By this study of a particular biblical concept and its applications, de Fraine hopes to reveal "one of the richer categories by which may be elaborated that truly biblical Catholic theology which our con­ temporaries desire and demand." To this purpose he has chosen a topic which is important and which runs through the entire Bible. The concept of corporate personality is foreign to Western thought and is usually over­ looked even by educated readers of the Bible, who therefore fail to grasp many biblical passages and themes. After a theoretical outline of the concept, de Fraine discusses its effect upon nine themes: the father and the family, the influence of the individual representative for good, the influence of the same for evil, the ancestor and his descendants, the influence of the fathers for good, the influence of the same for evil, the identity of the clan name and the individual name, the amortization of the people in an individual person, the legal "thou" as referring to the entire nation. The concept is then studied in concrete applica­ tions: Adam, the king, the prophets, the Servant of Yahweh, the Son of Man, and the "I" of the Psalms. The same nine themes are then briefly studied in the NT and in the concept of the Mystical Body. The study is rich in texts cited, perhaps too rich. I find that many of the texts do not well illustrate the concept, although they may illustrate solidarity; but "corporate personality" is a specific type of solidarity which is not always explicit. I should have preferred to see the texts selected more economically, and more explicitly classified and analyzed. I fear that the theologian to whom both de Fraine and I would like to refer the book may at times feel helplessly lost in a jungle of citations, and this might discourage him from proceeding to the excellent exposition of concrete applications in the OT and of the Mystical Body. 278 THEOLOGICAL STUDIES De Fraine does well in his analysis of the concept and in distinguishing it from various types of collectivism, in particular the type associated with the French sociological school. Likewise, he does well to emphasize the fluidity of the concept; it is not a question of taking a stand between the two poles of individualism and collectivism, but of grasping the Hebrew capacity for expressing the relations of man and society now in one way, now in another. This is particularly important because speculative theology has tended to reject "fluid" concepts; but if we are to arrive at "a truly biblical Catholic theology," theology will have to learn to live with fluid concepts and like them. De Frame's study of the applications of the concept show better than a review can do the importance of the concept in some biblical ideas which are fundamental.
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