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Psychogenic and Organic Amnesia. a Multidimensional Assessment of Clinical, Neuroradiological, Neuropsychological and Psychopathological Features
Behavioural Neurology 18 (2007) 53–64 53 IOS Press Psychogenic and organic amnesia. A multidimensional assessment of clinical, neuroradiological, neuropsychological and psychopathological features Laura Serraa,∗, Lucia Faddaa,b, Ivana Buccionea, Carlo Caltagironea,b and Giovanni A. Carlesimoa,b aFondazione IRCCS Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy bClinica Neurologica, Universita` Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy Abstract. Psychogenic amnesia is a complex disorder characterised by a wide variety of symptoms. Consequently, in a number of cases it is difficult distinguish it from organic memory impairment. The present study reports a new case of global psychogenic amnesia compared with two patients with amnesia underlain by organic brain damage. Our aim was to identify features useful for distinguishing between psychogenic and organic forms of memory impairment. The findings show the usefulness of a multidimensional evaluation of clinical, neuroradiological, neuropsychological and psychopathological aspects, to provide convergent findings useful for differentiating the two forms of memory disorder. Keywords: Amnesia, psychogenic origin, organic origin 1. Introduction ness of the self – and a period of wandering. According to Kopelman [33], there are three main predisposing Psychogenic or dissociative amnesia (DSM-IV- factors for global psychogenic amnesia: i) a history of TR) [1] is a clinical syndrome characterised by a mem- transient, organic amnesia due to epilepsy [52], head ory disorder of nonorganic origin. Following Kopel- injury [4] or alcoholic blackouts [20]; ii) a history of man [31,33], psychogenic amnesia can either be sit- psychiatric disorders such as depressed mood, and iii) uation specific or global. Situation specific amnesia a severe precipitating stress, such as marital or emo- refers to memory loss for a particular incident or part tional discord [23], bereavement [49], financial prob- of an incident and can arise in a variety of circum- lems [23] or war [21,48]. -
Dissociative Identity Disorder: Adaptive Deception of Self and Others
Dissociative Identity Disorder: Adaptive Deception of Self and Others John 0. Beahrs, MD Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality) is increasingly diagnosed, often follows childhood trauma. and is characterized bv riqidification of phenomena that resemble hypnosis. To inteipret dissociated aspeck of selfhood as autonomous entities is a useful heuristic; but when taken too literally, it leads to three kinds of anomaly: (1) legal: dissociators remain culpable for misdeeds carried out beyond apparent awareness or control; (2) clinical: legitimization sometimes leads not to relief, but to escalating cycles of regressive dependency; and (3) scientific: the form of dissociated entities varies with how they are defined, in ways that are intrinsically motivated and clinically manipulable. These anomalies yield to an evolutionary perspective that views dissociative identity disorder as an evolved strategy of adaptive deception of self and others; e.g., a beaten subordinate avoids further retribution by "pleading illness." Such a deceit best avoids detection when fully experienced; through its intensity and persistence, it becomes real at a new level. One's basic competencies remain intact, however, and are the source of the anomalies described. They can be clinically accessed and empowered, providing the key to therapeutic change when dissociative processes are problematic. Overall, despite clear impairment in subjective awareness and volition, dissociative-disor- dered individuals are best held fully accountable for the consequences of their actions. When deviant behavior becomes unac- ately excused and "treated."' To be held ceptable, society classifies the offending liable for retribution, transgressors must agents in two groups. Those defined as (1) know what they are doing and why, "bad" (culpable, blameworthy) are sub- and (2) be able to choose otherwise. -
PAVOL JOZEF ŠAFARIK UNIVERSITY in KOŠICE Dissociative Amnesia: a Clinical and Theoretical Reconsideration DEGREE THESIS
PAVOL JOZEF ŠAFARIK UNIVERSITY IN KOŠICE FACULTY OF MEDICINE Dissociative amnesia: a clinical and theoretical reconsideration Paulo Alexandre Rocha Simão DEGREE THESIS Košice 2017 PAVOL JOZEF ŠAFARIK UNIVERSITY IN KOŠICE FACULTY OF MEDICINE FIRST DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY Dissociative amnesia: a clinical and theoretical reconsideration Paulo Alexandre Rocha Simão DEGREE THESIS Thesis supervisor: Mgr. MUDr. Jozef Dragašek, PhD., MHA Košice 2017 Analytical sheet Author Paulo Alexandre Rocha Simão Thesis title Dissociative amnesia: a clinical and theoretical reconsideration Language of the thesis English Type of thesis Degree thesis Number of pages 89 Academic degree M.D. University Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice Faculty Faculty of Medicine Department/Institute Department of Psychiatry Study branch General Medicine Study programme General Medicine City Košice Thesis supervisor Mgr. MUDr. Jozef Dragašek, PhD., MHA Date of submission 06/2017 Date of defence 09/2017 Key words Dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder Thesis title in the Disociatívna amnézia: klinické a teoretické prehodnotenie Slovak language Key words in the Disociatívna amnézia, disociatívna fuga, disociatívna porucha identity Slovak language Abstract in the English language Dissociative amnesia is a one of the most intriguing, misdiagnosed conditions in the psychiatric world. Dissociative amnesia is related to other dissociative disorders, such as dissociative identity disorder and dissociative fugue. Its clinical features are known -
Paranoid Or Bizarre Delusions, Or Disorganized Speech and Thinking, and It Is Accompanied by Significant Social Or Occupational Dysfunction
Personality Disturbance Gathering, nr.34 (key to possible disturbances) Every person may be used only once, and all conditions best match one character. 1. Agoraphobia – The fear of having a panic attack in a setting from which there is no easy means of escape. 2. Alcoholism – Characterized by frequent and uncontrolled consumption of alcohol despite its negative effects on the drinker's health, relationships, and social standing. 3. Anorexia –An eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight due to a distorted self image. 4. Bipolar Personality Disorder – Defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated energy levels, cognition, and mood with or without one or more depressive episodes. 5. Bulimia – An eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors. 6. Co-Dependant Relationship – A tendency to behave in overly passive or excessively caretaking ways that negatively impact one's relationships and quality of life. It often involves putting one's own needs at a lower priority than others while being excessively preoccupied with the needs of others. 7. Cognitive Distortions / all-of-nothing thinking (Splitting) – Thinking of things in absolute terms, like "always", "every", "never", and "there is no alternative". 8. Cognitive Distortions / Mental Filter – Focusing almost exclusively on certain, usually negative or upsetting, aspects of an event while ignoring other positive aspects. 9. Cognitive Distortions / Disqualifying the Positive – Continually reemphasizing or "shooting down" positive experiences for arbitrary reasons. 10. Cognitive Disorder / Labeling and Mislabeling – Explaining behaviors or events, merely by naming them in an over-generalized manner. -
Cognitive Disorders: a Perspective from the Neurology Clinic
This is a repository copy of Functional (Psychogenic) Cognitive Disorders: A Perspective from the Neurology Clinic. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/93827/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Stone, J., Pal, S., Blackburn, D. et al. (3 more authors) (2015) Functional (Psychogenic) Cognitive Disorders: A Perspective from the Neurology Clinic. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 49 (s1). S5-S17. ISSN 1387-2877 https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-150430 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Functional (psychogenic) memory disorders - a perspective from the neurology clinic Jon Stone1 , Suvankar Pal1,2, Daniel Blackburn2, Markus Reuber2, Parvez Thekkumpurath1, Alan Carson1,3 1Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. -
Dissociative Disorders
16 Feb 2005 17:41 AR AR240-CP01-09.tex XMLPublishSM(2004/02/24) P1: JRX 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143925 Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2005. 1:227–53 doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143925 Copyright c 2005 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved First published online as a Review in Advance on November 29, 2004 DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS John F. Kihlstrom Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1650; email: [email protected] KeyWords amnesia, fugue, multiple personality, trauma, memory, identity ■ Abstract The dissociative disorders, including “psychogenic” or “functional” amnesia, fugue, dissociative identity disorder (DID, also known as multiple personality disorder), and depersonalization disorder, were once classified, along with conversion disorder, as forms of hysteria. The 1970s witnessed an “epidemic” of dissociative disorder, particularly DID, which may have reflected enthusiasm for the diagnosis more than its actual prevalence. Traditionally, the dissociative disorders have been attributed to trauma and other psychological stress, but the existing evidence favoring this hypothesis is plagued by poor methodology. Prospective studies of traumatized individuals reveal no convincing cases of amnesia not attributable to brain insult, injury, or disease. Treatment generally involves recovering and working through ostensibly repressed or dissociated memories of trauma; at present, there are few quantitative or controlled outcome studies. Experimental studies are few in number and -
Sample Psychiatry Questions & Critiques
Sample Psychiatry Questions & Critiques Sample Psychiatry Questions & Critiques The sample NCCPA items and item critiques are provided to help PAs better understand how exam questions are developed and should be answered for NCCPA’s Psychiatry CAQ exam. Question #1 A 50-year-old woman who has been treated with sertraline for major depressive disorder for more than two years comes to the office because she has had weakness, cold intolerance, constipation, and weight gain during the past six months. Physical examination shows dry, coarse skin as well as bradycardia, hypothermia, andswelling of the hands and feet. Which of the following laboratory studies is the most appropriate to determine the diagnosis? (A) Liver function testing (B) Measurement of serum electrolyte levels (C) Measurement of serum estrogen level (D) Measurement of serum sertraline level (E) Measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level Content Area: Depressive Disorders (14%) Critique This question tests the examinee’s ability to determine the laboratory study that is most likely to specify the diagnosis. The correct answer is Option (E), measurement of serum thyroid- stimulating hormone level. Hypothyroidism is suspected on the basis of the patient’s symptoms of depression, weakness, constipation, and weight gain as well as the physical findings of bradycardia, hypothermia, swelling of the hands and feet, and dry, coarse skin. Measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level is the study that will either confirm or refute this suspected diagnosis. ©NCCPA. 2021. All rights reserved. Sample Psychiatry Questions & Critiques Option (A), liver function testing, is a plausible choice based on the patient’s signs and symptoms of weakness, weight gain, and swelling of the hands and feet. -
Movies and Mental Illness Using Films to Understand Psychopathology 3Rd Revised and Expanded Edition 2010, Xii + 340 Pages ISBN: 978-0-88937-371-6, US $49.00
New Resources for Clinicians Visit www.hogrefe.com for • Free sample chapters • Full tables of contents • Secure online ordering • Examination copies for teachers • Many other titles available Danny Wedding, Mary Ann Boyd, Ryan M. Niemiec NEW EDITION! Movies and Mental Illness Using Films to Understand Psychopathology 3rd revised and expanded edition 2010, xii + 340 pages ISBN: 978-0-88937-371-6, US $49.00 The popular and critically acclaimed teaching tool - movies as an aid to learning about mental illness - has just got even better! Now with even more practical features and expanded contents: full film index, “Authors’ Picks”, sample syllabus, more international films. Films are a powerful medium for teaching students of psychology, social work, medicine, nursing, counseling, and even literature or media studies about mental illness and psychopathology. Movies and Mental Illness, now available in an updated edition, has established a great reputation as an enjoyable and highly memorable supplementary teaching tool for abnormal psychology classes. Written by experienced clinicians and teachers, who are themselves movie aficionados, this book is superb not just for psychology or media studies classes, but also for anyone interested in the portrayal of mental health issues in movies. The core clinical chapters each use a fabricated case history and Mini-Mental State Examination along with synopses and scenes from one or two specific, often well-known “A classic resource and an authoritative guide… Like the very movies it films to explain, teach, and encourage discussion recommends, [this book] is a powerful medium for teaching students, about the most important disorders encountered in engaging patients, and educating the public. -
DSM-III-R Revisions in the Dissociative Disorders: an Exploration of Their Derivation and Rationale
DSM-III-R Revisions in the Dissociative Disorders: An Exploration of their Derivation and Rationale Richard.P. Kluft, M.D. Marlene Steinberg, M.D. Robert L. Spitzer, M.D. ABSTRACT The authors describe and explore changes in the dissociative disorders included in the new DSM-III-R. The classification itself was redefined to minimize inadvertant areas of overlap with other classifications. Recent findings have necessitated substan tial revisions of the criteria and text for multiple personality disorder. Ganser's Syndrome, listed as a factitious disorder in DSM III, is reclassified on the basis of recent research as a dissociative disorder not otherwise specified. The examples for dissociative disorder not otherwise specified have been expanded to better accommodate recognized dissociative syndromes that do not fall within the four formally defined dissociative disorders. Several novel diagnostic entities and reclassifications were proposed that were rejected for DSM-III-R because there is insufficient supporting data at this point in time. These proposals identify issues that will require reconsideration for DSM-JV. The Advisory Committee on the Dissociative chronic (3). If it occurs primarily in identity, the Disorders was one of several such committees convened person's customary identity is temporarily forgotten, by the Work Group to Revise DSM -III to review the and a new identity may be assumed or imposed (as in DSM III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980) clas Multiple Personality Disorder), or the customary feeling sifications, criteria, and texts in the light of interim of one's own reality is lost and replaced by a feeling of clinical experience and scientific findings, and recom unreality (as in Depersonalization Disorder). -
Alleged Amnesia in Sexual Crime Alexandre Martins Valença1 Alegação De Amnésia Em Crime Sexual
BRIEF COMMUNICATION Cláudia Cristina Studart Leal1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1416-6127 Alleged amnesia in sexual crime Alexandre Martins Valença1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5744-2112 Alegação de amnésia em crime sexual DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000281 ABSTRACT The current article describes the case of a man who claimed amnesia in relation to a sexual crime he had allegedly committed. Psychiatric examination concluded that the individual was feigning amnesia. Claimed amnesia of a criminal offense is one of the most commonly feigned symptoms in the forensic medical setting. It is thus necessary to rule out organic or psychogenic causes of amnesia and always consider feigned amnesia in the presence of psychopathological alterations that do not reflect classi- cally known syndromes. KEYWORDS Crime, amnesia, simulation, criminal liability. RESUMO O presente artigo descreve o caso de um homem que alegou amnésia ao fato da denúncia de cri- me sexual que lhe foi imputada. A perícia psiquiátrica concluiu tratar-se de simulação. A alegação de amnésia da ofensa criminosa é um dos sintomas mais comumente simulados no ambiente pericial. Portanto, devem-se excluir as causas de amnésia orgânica ou psicogênica e sempre considerar a am- nésia simulada na presença de alterações psicopatológicas que não configuram quadros sindrômicos classicamente conhecidos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Crime, amnésia, simulação, responsabilidade penal. Received in: Mar/13/2020. Approved in: Jun/6/2020 1 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Address for correspondence: Cláudia Cristina Studart Leal. Av. Venceslau Brás, 71, Praia Vermelha – 22290-140 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. -
Amnestic Syndrome Last Updated: May 8, 2019 DEFINITIONS, CLINICAL FEATURES
AMNESIAS S6 (1) Amnestic syndrome Last updated: May 8, 2019 DEFINITIONS, CLINICAL FEATURES ........................................................................................................ 1 ANATOMINIS SUBSTRATAS ..................................................................................................................... 2 ETIOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................... 3 DIAGNOSIS ............................................................................................................................................. 3 TREATMENT ........................................................................................................................................... 5 DBS ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 AGE-ASSOCIATED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT .............................................................................................. 6 KORSAKOFF SYNDROME (S. PSYCHOSIS) ................................................................................................. 6 TRANSIENT GLOBAL AMNESIA................................................................................................................ 7 FACTITIOUS (PSYCHOGENIC) AMNESIA .................................................................................................. 8 DEFINITIONS, CLINICAL FEATURES AMNESIA - syndrome with disturbance -
Mental Health Diagnosis Codes
Mental Health Diagnosis Codes ICD-10 CODE DESCRIPTION F03.90 Unspecified dementia without behavioral disturbance F03.91 Unspecified dementia with behavioral disturbance F20.0 Paranoid schizophrenia F20.1 Disorganized schizophrenia F20.2 Catatonic schizophrenia F20.3 Undifferentiated schizophrenia F20.5 Residual schizophrenia F20.81 Schizophreniform disorder F20.89 Other schizophrenia F20.9 Schizophrenia, unspecified F21 Schizotypal disorder F22 Delusional disorders F23 Brief psychotic disorder F24 Shared psychotic disorder F25.0 Schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type F25.1 Schizoaffective disorder, depressive type F25.8 Other schizoaffective disorders F25.9 Schizoaffective disorder, unspecified F28 Other psychotic disorder not due to a substance or known physiological condition F29 Unspecified psychosis not due to a substance or known physiological condition F30.10 Manic episode without psychotic symptoms, unspecified F30.11 Manic episode without psychotic symptoms, mild F30.12 Manic episode without psychotic symptoms, moderate F30.13 Manic episode, severe, without psychotic symptoms F30.2 Manic episode, severe with psychotic symptoms F30.3 Manic episode in partial remission F30.4 Manic episode in full remission F30.8 Other manic episodes F30.9 Manic episode, unspecified F31.0 Bipolar disorder, current episode hypomanic F31.10 Bipolar disorder, current episode manic without psychotic features, unspecified F31.11 Bipolar disorder, current episode manic without psychotic features, mild F31.12 Bipolar disorder, current episode manic without