DOCSLIB.ORG

Effectiveness of a Health Intervention Based on WHO Food Safety Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effectiveness of a Health Intervention Based on WHO Food Safety Manual Ghaffari et al. BMC Public Health (2020) 20:401 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08541-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Effectiveness of a health intervention based on WHO food safety manual in Iran Mohtasham Ghaffari1, Yadollah Mehrabi2, Sakineh Rakhshanderou1, Ali Safari-Moradabadi3 and Seyyede Zenab Jafarian4* Abstract Background: Food safety manual was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to train professionals to reduce the burden of foodborne diseases as a global strategy. The present pioneering research aimed to explore the effectiveness of an intervention based on the manual of five keys to safer food by WHO in enhancing the knowledge, attitude and behavior of Iranian Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs). Methods: In the present quasi-experimental research, FCHVs (n = 125) were selected and assigned to two groups, an intervention and a control. A modified version of the questionnaire based on WHO manual was used to measure knowledge, attitude and behavior of the sample. The questionnaire was first completed at the outset of the study (pre- test) and then once again in 2 months of the intervention (post-test). Face and content validity of the questionnaire was tested and confirmed. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire along with the test- retest method of testing reliability. The data entered SPSS16 for statistical analysis. To this aim, Chi-squared test, dependent and independent samples T-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA were run. Partial population attributable risks were calculated and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using a bootstrap method. Results: The two groups showed no statistically significant difference in the pretest (p > .05). In the post-test, the mean scores for all variables was higher in the intervention group than the control, and this difference between the two research groups was statistically significant (p < .001). When the volunteers were adjusted for age and experience in healthcare centers, the mean scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control (p < .001). Conclusion: It was revealed in the present study that the educational intervention based on five keys to food safety manual by WHO managed to improve participants’ knowledge, attitude and behavior. Translation of the target guideline in future can be a great help to researchers in prospective research. Trial Registration: Retrospectively registered: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20160822029485N4, at 2020-03-16. Keywords: WHO food safety manual, Intervention, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, Health volunteer Background from diseases transmittable through food. This has turned The significance of maintaining human health and pre- into a global issue [1]. Diseases that can be transmitted venting diseases is known to all. Safe and healthy food is a through food point to the prevalence of public health is- key to prevention of diseases and protecting environment sues in developing and developed countries. Yet, health from germs. Annually, millions of people worldwide suffer and economy in the former suffer more from these issues [2]. Human health often works through food safety frame- * Correspondence: [email protected] works and is more focused on proper diet, high-quality 4School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical food and eating habits. Yet, it is noteworthy that socioeco- Sciences, Tehran, Iran nomic issues can affect all procedures of food preparation Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Ghaffari et al. BMC Public Health (2020) 20:401 Page 2 of 9 from production to consumption. Thus, it can promote or In the present research, FCHVs entered the study to damage individual and social health [3]. Food-related dis- learn the content proposed by WHO about food safety. eases are reported to prevail in food service providing Local women older than 25 years receiving an 18-day areas including restaurants, hospitals, schools, and so on training of different Primary Health Cares (PHC) con- [4]. Food safety is a complicated matter of concern. Des- cerns are called FCHvs. The training is concerned with pite quite many campaigns on food safety and educational mother and child health care matters, mainly [17]. These efforts along with decades of exploratory microbiology, women work part time, 5–6 h per week. This time may food-related diseases are the main source of human dis- change contingent upon the programs FCHVs take part eases [5]. Reports of disease outbreaks spanning from in. It seems that FCHVs are committed to volunteer be- 2006 to 2010 have shown an increase of about nine fold cause their retention rate is high (96%) [18]. The main [6]. The majority of outbreaks and cases of diseases have reasons for high motivation are social respect, religious been transmitted from contaminated food to human. and moral duty, in policy making perspective [19], these Health authorities’ behaviors and methods have increased volunteers have not had a voice in policy making yet. the rate of these diseases and can be related to particular Also, they have not received any payment for their activ- organisms [7]. Therefore, a high percentage of diseases is ities and offered services [20]. caused by improper preparation of food materials at home Local FCHV in Iran play a key role in primary health- [8]. Women produce between 60 and 80% of food mate- care provision and teaching the urban community. rials in many of the developing countries and account for These people are the first and foremost means of com- half of food products at a global scale [9]. munication between urban community and the health The growing number of diseases transmittable through network. They lie at the core of urban community and food has made all countries attempt extensively to im- always communicate with families. They play an effective prove food safety [10]. Some research revealed that peo- role in raising the knowledge of women and mothers ple’s higher knowledge tremendously affects their and changing their attitude. A body of related literature nutrition [11]. Some other research revealed a correl- has proved the role of FCHV in raising the knowledge of ation between food safety education and raising know- society under cover [21–24]. Thus, it can be a proper ledge of food service providers [12]. Moreover, copious target group to disseminate health-related information. educational interventions have been run to develop A review of the relate literature showed that no relevant ready-to-eat food. Yet, these interventions are only ef- research has been conducted, so far, in Iran in relation fective when they are evidence-based. WHO has recently to the five keys. Considering the key role of women in developed five keys to food safety [13]. food safety and the role of FCHVs in educating women, the present research aimed to explore the effectiveness Five keys to food safety promotion by WHO of a health intervention in the light of WHO five-keys in WHO emphasized health promotion and food safety, FCHVs’ knowledge, attitude and behavior. consulted food safety experts and consumers at risk for a year and proposed a five-step guideline to prevent Methods food-related diseases. At the core of the guideline there Research domain and population are five key points to consider: keeping clean, separating Damavand is a county in Tehran province and accommo- fresh from cooked food, full cooking, storing food at safe dates 125,480 residents. According to the latest national temperature and consume healthy drinking water and division reports, this county is divided into two districts, raw materials [14]. These five keys to safe food are of a the center and Rudehen. These two districts together con- great significance in developing countries. Those in- sist of 5 cities (Damavand, Rudehen, Absard, Abali and volved in food production in these countries can use this Kilan) and 111 villages. This county has got 5 healthcare information to affect the safety of food materials. This centers, 1 health station and 1 hospital affiliated with Sha- guideline has been translated in more than 40 languages hid Beheshti University of medical sciences. This county of the world and is currently used worldwide to convey was selected in this research due to its geographical loca- the healthy message sent by WHO [14]. Along with the tion, ethnic diversity, inclusion of urban and rural popula- 5-key to food safety poster, WHO has published a gen- tions together and ease of access and coordination of eral book of instructions which acts as a framework for team work from Shahid Beheshti University. teachers and other institutes interested in food safety to develop instructional materials and programs for those Research design, sample selection, inclusion/exclusion groups at risk [15].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Portfolio of Projects 2014
    Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees to Support Voluntary Repatriation, Sustainable Reintegration and Assistance to Host Countries Portfolio of Projects 2014 Islamic Republic of Iran ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN: Afghan Refugee Overview January 2014 Registered Afghan Refugees Table of contents 840,000 Afghan refugees in Islamic Republic of Iran 1.Introduction 4 915,705 Afghan refugee 12,400 Afghan refugees 97% in urban areas returns (2002-2013) PART I: Overview of the Portfolio 3% Afghan refugee returns 2.Situational Analysis 5 from Islamic Republic of Iran from Islamic Republic of Iran SSAR Financial Requirements • Context 5 400,000 2,000 • People of concern 5 USD 150 million • Policy framework 5 budgeted in 2014 by 27 partners • Needs and gaps analysis 6 300,000 1,500 Total budget per outcome (in million USD) • Key achievements and results 6 103 Services and Shelter 200,000 1,000 3. Livelihoods and 23 Strategy 7 Food Security • Programme rationale and principles 7 Social and Environmental 17 100,000 500 • Outcomes 7 8 - Outcome 1: Voluntary repatriation 7 0.5 0 0 - Outcome 2: Access to essential services and shelter 7 02' 05' 08' 11' 13' 99' 02' 05' 08' 11' 13' - Outcome 3: Livelihoods and food security 9 Afghan Refugees by Province - Outcome 4: Social and environmental protection and resettlement 10 ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN - Outcome 5: Coordination and supporting role 10 4. Caspian Sea TURKMENISTAN Partnerships 11 TURKEY • Partners 11 ARDEBIL EAST • Linkages to other initiatives 11 AZARBAYEJAN KHORASAN, NORTH WEST GILAN GOLESTAN 5.Coordination
    [Show full text]
  • Iran Stands up Against Transatlantic Bullying the Tabriz Based Club’S Officials Parted Company with the 49-Year-Old Coach on Tuesday
    WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13829 Wednesday DECEMBER 9, 2020 Azar 19, 1399 Rabi’ Al thani 23, 1442 Zarif advises regional Jordan Burroughs Iranian university Architect Amirali states to exclude West misses competing students runner-up Sardar-Afkhami in regional talks Page 2 in Iran Page 3 at IMC 2020 Page 7 dies at 91 Page 8 Iran completely self-sufficient in building freight wagons Iran stands up against TEHRAN – Iranian railway industry has systems for freight wagons. become completely self-reliant in man- “For the first time this year, national ufacturing freight wagons, Head of the (domestically-made) wheels will move on Islamic Republic of Iran Railways (known the national rail,” the official said. as RAI) Saeed Rasouli said. Mentioning the launch of a system for Speaking in an unveiling ceremony for introducing the needs of the country’s railway transatlantic bullying domestically-made wagon brake system industry to domestic manufacturers and and wheels on Tuesday, Rasouli announced companies producing parts for the railway that RAI is going to sign a contract with transportation industry, the official noted domestic manufacturers for the purchase that so far 4,600 parts have been requested See page 3 of 500 monoblock wheels and 500 brake on this website. Continued on page 4 Rouhani: Astana peace talks can protect Syrian territorial integrity TEHRAN — President Hassan Rouhani Rouhani said during a meeting with visiting on Tuesday hailed the Astana peace talks, Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal al-Mekdad.
    [Show full text]
  • Active Tectonics of Tehran Area, Iran
    J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(4)3805-3819, 2012 ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied © 2012, TextRoad Publication Scientific Research www.textroad.com Active Tectonics of Tehran Area, Iran Mehran Arian1 *, Nooshin Bagha2 1Associate professor, Department of Geology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2Ph.D.Student, Department of Geology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT Tehran area (with 2398.5 km2 area) extended from the east of Damavand volcano to the west of Karaj city. This area is a major part of Tehran province and according to geologic division is a minor part of Alborz zone. This area is under compressive stress and shortening that caused by Arabia – Eurasia Convergence. This situation has confirmed by dominant existence of folded structures and thrust fault system. We have investigated geologic hazards of Tehran area, because this area is the most strategic part of Iran. The major faults have been investigated and have not been found any evidences to existence of north and south Rey faults. In the other hand, active tectonic of this area has been investigated and Mosha fault has been introduced as the most active fault. The high seismic potential has been distinguished by integration of structural geology and active tectonic studies. The evaluation of movement potential of the main faults in the current tectonic regime shows the North Tehran fault has % 90 potential to movement. In addition the hazard potentials of landslides, settlements, volcanism and dams have been introduced. Finally, geologic hazard map has been prepared and has been divided to10 zones with one to four ranking of risk.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Name of God Geological Survey of Iran Technology and Planning
    In the Name of God Geological survey of Iran Main activities of Geological survey of Iran At First six months 1386 Technology and planning management 1386 1 Six months performance report Introduction: The exploration and geology is a general word that it has play the basic role at different culture and economic and even political aspects in countries from for post. Hence New days in many countries of the world such and Iran, it has been paid a. special attention to review the exploratory and geology, and in order to expand this section. The wide exclusive œ researches centers have been established and they are activing that sometimes it's importance and valid is very much (Like Us Geology organization. USGS and France Geology organization, BRGM). In Iran, like many countries of the world, based on the following note, Article of the mine and industry affairs concentration Act enacted 12/5/79 , The exploration, geology studies and the mining reserves and sources identification is the charge of the government sovereignty which on the basis of the enactment No: 1/12/1039b of administrative supreme council, the doing this is considered as main task of state civil mining exploration and geology organization related to mines and industries ministry, so that it can act in the field of the identification and use of mining potential power and advantages and also economic infrastructures. It is said that in current years, the use of new technologies and the revision in the puts structure of the geology organization has been put at the working instruction based on legal recommendations (Article for concentration Act and Articles of fourth program Act) and with a new research managements establishment, part of the exploratory and geology reviews, The basic evolutions have curried out in other earth sciences applied fields such as geology telecommunication, marine geology, earth sciences database establishment and etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Karyotype Analysis and New Chromosome Number Reports of the Genus Echinops L
    IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 25 (1), 2019 DOI: 10.22092/ijb.2019.124006.1218 KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS AND NEW CHROMOSOME NUMBER REPORTS OF THE GENUS ECHINOPS L. (ASTERACEAE, CARDUEAE) FROM IRAN B. Alijanpoor, H. Azizi, S. Mashayekhi & M. Alijanpoor Received 2018. 11. 04; accepted for publication 2019. 04. 17 Alijanpoor, B., Azizi, H., Mashayekhi, S. and Alijanpoor, M. 2109. 06. 30: Karyotype analysis and new chromosome number reports of the genus Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran.- Iran. J. Bot. 25 (1): 49-55.-Tehran. Echinops is a genus of Asteraeceae that is represented in Iran by 72 species, karyotype analysis was performed on 18 population of 7 Echinops species in southern slope of Central Albourz of Iran . The taxa revealed chromosome counts of 2n=30, 32, 34 and 36. Chromosome numbers of 5 species are reported for the first time including E. cephalotes, E. chorassanicus, E. macrophyllus, E. robustus and E. elbursensis. There are multiple basic chromosome numbers in a few Echinops species. Differences in basic chromosome numbers point towards the possible role played by centric fusion/fission in the karyotypic evolution of the genus. The chromosomes were mainly metacentric or sub-metacentric and their size varied from 41.40 μm in E. cephalotes of Khojir (1) to 79.02 μm in E. elbursensis of Emamzadeh Hashem population. The species occupied classes 1A, 1B and 2B of stebbin's karyotype classification, indicating them to have primitive karyotype. Cluster analysis of karyotype features indicated that cytological studies didn’t support sectional classification. Behnaz Alijanpoor (correspondence<[email protected]>), Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resource of Tehran Province, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.- Hejraneh Azizi, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.- Syamak Mashayekhi , Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resource of Tehran Province, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト
    Mayors for Peace Member Cities 2021/10/01 平和首長会議 加盟都市リスト ● Asia 4 Bangladesh 7 China アジア バングラデシュ 中国 1 Afghanistan 9 Khulna 6 Hangzhou アフガニスタン クルナ 杭州（ハンチォウ） 1 Herat 10 Kotwalipara 7 Wuhan ヘラート コタリパラ 武漢（ウハン） 2 Kabul 11 Meherpur 8 Cyprus カブール メヘルプール キプロス 3 Nili 12 Moulvibazar 1 Aglantzia ニリ モウロビバザール アグランツィア 2 Armenia 13 Narayanganj 2 Ammochostos (Famagusta) アルメニア ナラヤンガンジ アモコストス（ファマグスタ） 1 Yerevan 14 Narsingdi 3 Kyrenia エレバン ナールシンジ キレニア 3 Azerbaijan 15 Noapara 4 Kythrea アゼルバイジャン ノアパラ キシレア 1 Agdam 16 Patuakhali 5 Morphou アグダム（県） パトゥアカリ モルフー 2 Fuzuli 17 Rajshahi 9 Georgia フュズリ（県） ラージシャヒ ジョージア 3 Gubadli 18 Rangpur 1 Kutaisi クバドリ（県） ラングプール クタイシ 4 Jabrail Region 19 Swarupkati 2 Tbilisi ジャブライル（県） サルプカティ トビリシ 5 Kalbajar 20 Sylhet 10 India カルバジャル（県） シルヘット インド 6 Khocali 21 Tangail 1 Ahmedabad ホジャリ（県） タンガイル アーメダバード 7 Khojavend 22 Tongi 2 Bhopal ホジャヴェンド（県） トンギ ボパール 8 Lachin 5 Bhutan 3 Chandernagore ラチン（県） ブータン チャンダルナゴール 9 Shusha Region 1 Thimphu 4 Chandigarh シュシャ（県） ティンプー チャンディーガル 10 Zangilan Region 6 Cambodia 5 Chennai ザンギラン（県） カンボジア チェンナイ 4 Bangladesh 1 Ba Phnom 6 Cochin バングラデシュ バプノム コーチ（コーチン） 1 Bera 2 Phnom Penh 7 Delhi ベラ プノンペン デリー 2 Chapai Nawabganj 3 Siem Reap Province 8 Imphal チャパイ・ナワブガンジ シェムリアップ州 インパール 3 Chittagong 7 China 9 Kolkata チッタゴン 中国 コルカタ 4 Comilla 1 Beijing 10 Lucknow コミラ 北京（ペイチン） ラクノウ 5 Cox's Bazar 2 Chengdu 11 Mallappuzhassery コックスバザール 成都（チォントゥ） マラパザーサリー 6 Dhaka 3 Chongqing 12 Meerut ダッカ 重慶（チョンチン） メーラト 7 Gazipur 4 Dalian 13 Mumbai (Bombay) ガジプール 大連（タァリィェン） ムンバイ（旧ボンベイ） 8 Gopalpur 5 Fuzhou 14 Nagpur ゴパルプール 福州（フゥチォウ） ナーグプル 1/108 Pages
    [Show full text]
  • Refrence-Projects.Pdf
    Dear all, The following collection contains some of references projects in which PMA or KALE porcelain ceramic tiles have been used. Thanks to all designers, architects, contractors and others who have contributed to create these precious works, I urge myself to make some remark: This collection, consists some of projects that we had access to their photos and documents, it has been published in limited edition and will be distributed in some authorized employers, architects and contractor’s offices. We hope to publish better photos accompanied with architectural explanations and their creators names from all worthy projects in near future and open edition. Your kind assistance to compile this rich collection I want to thank you in advance, for all your support in this project. Hope by continuing this way we could have put effective steps in introducing the valuable works in construction industry in our country. Yours sincerely Seyed Ali Ziaee Chairman of the board Pishgaman Memari Arya co. representing modern architecture through two recent decades would be highly appreciated, therefore our colleagues 04 in traning and technical support department will contact you to gather your valuable information. Also, you may update 05 us with more detailed information or any needed revision through our website www.pma. co.ir. 06 07 INDEX Residential Projects............................................................08 Bank Projects....................................................................154 Hotel Projects.....................................................................36
    [Show full text]
  • Agroclimatic Zones Map of Iran Explanatory Notes
    AGROCLIMATIC ZONES MAP OF IRAN EXPLANATORY NOTES E. De Pauw1, A. Ghaffari2, V. Ghasemi3 1 Agroclimatologist/ Research Project Manager, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo Syria 2 Director-General, Drylands Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Maragheh, Iran 3 Head of GIS/RS Department, Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Tehran, Iran INTRODUCTION The agroclimatic zones map of Iran has been produced to as one of the outputs of the joint DARI-ICARDA project “Agroecological Zoning of Iran”. The objective of this project is to develop an agroecological zones framework for targeting germplasm to specific environments, formulating land use and land management recommendations, and assisting development planning. In view of the very diverse climates in this part of Iran, an agroclimatic zones map is of vital importance to achieve this objective. METHODOLOGY Spatial interpolation A database was established of point climatic data covering monthly averages of precipitation and temperature for the main stations in Iran, covering the period 1973-1998 (Appendix 1, Tables 2-3). These quality-controlled data were obtained from the Organization of Meteorology, based in Tehran. From Iran 126 stations were accepted with a precipitation record length of at least 20 years, and 590 stations with a temperature record length of at least 5 years. The database also included some precipitation and temperature data from neighboring countries, leading to a total database of 244 precipitation stations and 627 temperature stations. The ‘thin-plate smoothing spline’ method of Hutchinson (1995), as implemented in the ANUSPLIN software (Hutchinson, 2000), was used to convert this point database into ‘climate surfaces’.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiger-Moths of Iran 481-525 Atalanta (Dezember 2005) 36 (3/4): 481-525, Würzburg, ISSN 0171-0079
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Atalanta Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 36 Autor(en)/Author(s): Dubatolov Vladimir V., Zahiri Reza Artikel/Article: Tiger-moths of Iran 481-525 Atalanta (Dezember 2005) 36 (3/4): 481-525, Würzburg, ISSN 0171-0079 Tiger-moths o f Iran (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae: Arctiinae) by V l a d im ir V. D u b a t o l o v & R e z a Z a h ir i received 26.X.2005 Abstract: Based on the vast material from the collection of the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) and literature data, 28 species are recorded from Iran. Callimorpha dominula rossica K o l ., Axiopoena kareliniMtu., Utetheisa lotrixCr ., Watsonarctia deserta B a r t ., Diaphora mendica C l . are recorded from this country for the first time. Four new subspecies, Arctia caja mazandarana subspec. nov. from the Caspian Coast, Eucharia festiva hormozgana subspec. nov. from South Iran, Watsonarctia deserta elbursica subspec. nov. from the Alburz Mts., and Pbragmatobia placida mirzayansi subspec. nov. with a pale coloration, from the high mountains of the Albourz are described. The analysis of the Arctiinae fauna shows that the fauna of South-Eastern Iran is the Oriental, and not Palearctic. Zusammenfassung: Mit Hilfe des reichhaltigen Materials des Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) und aufgrund von Literaturangaben können 28 Arten für den Iran angegeben werden. Callimorpha dominula rossica K o l ., Axiopoena kareliniM £ n ., Utetheisa lotrix C r ., Watsonarctia deserta B a r t ., Diaphora mendica C l . werden erstmals für dieses Land gemeldet.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Organizational Health State of Islamic Azad University (Case Study: Region 12)
    J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(10)10620-10627, 2012 ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied © 2012, TextRoad Publication Scientific Research www.textroad.com Investigating the Organizational Health State of Islamic Azad University (Case Study: Region 12) Ali Khatami, Javad Rashmeh Department of Education, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran ABSTRACT This research, with aim to investigate the existing status of organizational health of Islamic Azad University (region 12) from the viewpoint of faculty members on the basis of Parsons Model was done. Statistical population includes faculty members. Existing research is a line of descriptive survey. The numbers of faculty members of region 12 are about 24860 individuals. Sampling was done in a single-stage, random and clustered method and the sample size according to the Morgan table, was determined about 377 persons. To gather data was used of a questionnaire titled as organizational health, including the components of spirit, scientific emphasis, compliance, structuring, support of resources, manager's influence and unity and institutional . To determine the psychometrics features of questionnaire, its nominal reliability with feedback from experts was confirmed. In addition to it, to estimate the internal consistency f questions and components was used of Chronbach method. Questionnaire validity of organizational health (0.82) was attained. Results related to the use of statistical t test showed that organizational health in a significant medium level (p>0.01). KEYWORDS: organizational health, Islamic Azad University. INTRODUCTION Expressions like culture, health and organizational environment extensively were paid attention to them by administrators, employers and academic institutions in recent half a century.
    [Show full text]
  • Travel to Tehran-Iran
    Travel to Tehran-Iran ABOUT IRAN- HISTORY & HERITAGE The plateau of Iran is among the oldest civilization centers in the history of humanity and has an important place in archeological studies. The history of settlement in the Plateau of Iran, from the new Stone Age till the migration of Aryans to this region, is not yet very clear. But there is reliable evidence indicating that Iran has been inhabited since a very long time ago. Settlement centers have emerged close to water resources like springs, rivers, lakes or totally close to Alborz and Zagross mountains. After the decline of the Achievement dynasty, and the destruction of Persepolis by Alexander, his successors the Seleucid dominated over Iran for a short period of time. During this time the interaction between Iranian and Hellenic cultures occurred. Around the year 250 BC, the Parthians, who were an Aryan tribe as well as horse riders, advanced from Khorassan towards the west and south-west and founded their empire over Iran Plateau in Teesfoon. This empire survived only until the year 224 AD. The Sassanian, after defeating the last Parthia n king in 225 AD, founded a new empire which lasted until mid-7th century AD. With respect to its political, social, and cultural characteristics, the ancient period of Iran (Persia) is one of the most magnificent epochs of Iranian history. Out of this era, so many cultural and historical monuments have remained inPersepolis, Passargadae, Susa (Shoosh), Shooshtar, Hamadan, Marvdasht (Naqsh-e-Rostam), Taq-e- bostan, Sarvestan, and Nayshabur, which are worth seeing. The influence of Islam in Iran began in the early 7th century AD after the decline of the Sassanide Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Geology of Iran Mineral Deposits and Natural Resources Springer Geology
    Springer Geology Mansour Ghorbani The Economic Geology of Iran Mineral Deposits and Natural Resources Springer Geology For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10172 Mansour Ghorbani The Economic Geology of Iran Mineral Deposits and Natural Resources Mansour Ghorbani Faculty of Geoscience Shahid Beheshti University Tehran , Iran ISBN 978-94-007-5624-3 ISBN 978-94-007-5625-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5625-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012951116 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
    [Show full text]