DOCSLIB.ORG

Mycological Society of America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mycological Society of America Mycological Society of America New Trichomycetes from Western China Author(s): D. B. Strongman, Juan Wang and Shengquan Xu Source: Mycologia, Vol. 102, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 2010), pp. 174-184 Published by: Mycological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20619280 Accessed: 17-06-2015 12:14 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20619280?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Mycological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Mycologia. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 140.184.72.92 on Wed, 17 Jun 2015 12:14:02 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Mycologia, 102(1), 2010, pp. 174-184. DOI: 10.3852/09-029 ? 2010 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 New trichomycetes from western China D.B. continued for Strongman1 surveying trichomycetes will add Saint 's to our Department of Biology, Mary University, substantially knowledge of this group. Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3C3 Halifax, In this paper we add to the global trichomycete in a small of China Juan Wang inventory region by describing four new Shengquan Xu species, Legeriomyces grandis, Legeriosimilis Paramoebidium bacillare and Smittium shaan Normal elegans, College of Life Science, Shaanxi University, and new records for four Xi 'an, PR China xiense, recording geographic species of Harpellales from China. Abstract: Data on trichomycete biodiversity in China MATERIALS AND METHODS is with the of three new expanded description fungal were on Immature, aquatic insects collected from 11 sites species, Legeriomyces grandis, Legeriosimilis elegans, the north and south of sides the Qinling Mountains in Smittium and a Paramoebidium shaanxiense, protist, western current China May 2005-Apr 2007. The report bacillare. The distribution for the geographical includes details on the locations, collection dates and site Glotzia Smittium harpellid species, ephemeridarum, characteristics (Table I). culicis and is extended with Insect were nets Stachylina gravicaudata, specimens collected with aquatic dip their collection in western and five cm mm China, species (30 gape, 0.5 mesh) by disturbing the substrate known from Asia are also here. with the feet and the hosts in the net previously reported capturing dislodged The as well as the Key words: gut fungi, Harpellales, insect endo (kick-sampling). hindgut, peritrophic in were new matrix dipterans, dissected from insect hosts in symbionts, species water on a drops of in Petri plates the stage of stereomi a source. croscope equipped with transmitted light Tricho INTRODUCTION thalli were out of mycete teased the gut with fine-tip forceps and insect pins mounted in pin vises (Grobet USA). Thalli Symbiotic, gut-inhabiting fungi and protists (tricho were transferred to water on a slide (wet are wherever their microscope mycetes) ubiquitous aquatic a mounted) and examined with compound microscope invertebrate hosts have been examined (Lichtwardt either contrast or (with phase differential interference 1986, Lichtwardt et al 2001). However vast contrast geograph illumination) for spores and other taxonomically ical areas with suitable habitat and hosts for et potential significant characteristics (Lichtwardt al 2001). have not been were trichomycetes yet extensively surveyed Digital photomicrographs taken after semipermanent most were a (e.g. of Asia, including China). voucher slides made by infiltrating specimens with cotton cotton In China there have been few reports of trichomy drop of lactophenol blue (200 g phenol, 0.5 g 400 mL 200 mL lactic acid and 200 mL cete fungi, with Harpella melusinae L?ger & Deboscq blue, glycerol, distilled water) on the of the cover then, being the first reported trichomycete (Adler et al placed edge slip, after excess stain, the of the cover 1996). Three new Smittium spp. and five other gut removing sealing edges slip with clear et al All were recorded from the Mountains in fingernail polish (Lichtwardt 2001). fungi Qinling measurements in the below were western China and Xu et al given species descriptions (Strongman 2006). Wang cotton made from material stained with lactophenol blue. (2010) described a new genus and species, Sinotri Where possible species were identified with the LUCID chium chironomidarum S. Xu & at J.Wang, Strongman, keys for trichomycetes available the University of Kansas as well as another new et of new species, Stachylina tianensis]. Website (Lichtwardt al 2004). Voucher specimens S. Xu & both from chironomid were in Wang, Strongman, species deposited the herbarium (SANU), College larvae. Records are from of trichomycetes sparse of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, of other parts of Asia with collections in India (Misra Shaanxi, People's Republic China. 2002, Misra and Tiwari 2008) and an extensive survey in Japan by Lichtwardt et al (1987). Chien and Hsieh RESULTS (2001) documented trichomycetes from marine We recorded four new of habitats in Taiwan. Diversity of trichomycetes is species trichomycetes, eight described and four that were undoubtedly immense in China given the abundance previously species to to of habitats and suitable hosts in such a vast area, so identified only genus due either insufficient material available or to inadequate morphological data to them to a Details on Submitted 24 Feb 2009; accepted for publication 29 Jun 2009. assign species (Table II). 1 E-mail: new are below as well as the Corresponding author. [email protected] the species provided 174 This content downloaded from 140.184.72.92 on Wed, 17 Jun 2015 12:14:02 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Strongman et al: New trichomycetes from China 175 Table I. Collection coordinates and of sites for in dates, descriptions survey of trichomycetes Qinling Mountains, western China Site Collection Year name number Site date Coordinates Site description 2007 Qing5 18 Apr 33?48'42"N South side Qinling Mountains, 1000 m, Hao 108?59'53"E River, Nui Bei Liang Conservation Area, shallow, rocky stream, boulders and cobblestone, pH 7.6, 15 C 18 33?48'41"N Downstream of shallow 14 Qing6 Apr Qing5, pool, pH 7.7, C 108?59'53"E of Qing7 20 Apr 33?48'47"N Upstream Qing5, shallow, rocky stream, and 108?59'49"E boulders cobblestone, pH 7.6, 13 C QingS 24 Apr 33?55'40"N North sideQinling Mountains, 1000 m, Feng Yu Forest Yu 108?50'37"E Park, Feng river, shallow, rocky stream, boulders and cobblestone, pH 8.0, 12 C 33?33'14"N side near 2006 Qingll 18 Apr South Qinling Mountains, Yue River town of shallow 108?32'25"E Xunyangba, rocky stream, boulders and cobblestone, pH 8.1, 14 C 18 South side Qingl2 Apr 33?26'01"N Qinling Mountains, Chang'an River in front of research 108?26'47"E station, Huoditang, shallow small rock and no or stream, cobble, pH temperature recorded. Qingl3 18 Apr 33?26'07"N South side Qinling Mountains, 1500 m, small stream beside research 108?26'49"E station, Huoditang, into stream m flowing Chang'an River, about 2 no or wide, shallow, cobble substrate, pH temperature recorded. QinlNl 21-Apr 33?56'42"N North side Qinling Mountains, 1000 m, Hao 108?55'33"E River, Nui Bei Liang conservation area, shallow, rocky stream, boulders and no or cobblestone, pH temperature recorded. 9 No coordinates recorded 1.5 km from QinlN2 21 Apr upstream QinlNl 10 QinlN3 21 Apr No coordinates recorded 1.5 km downstream from QinlNl as 8 Qing4 31 Dec Same site QinlNl 2005 11 Haopingsi 25Jul 34?04'87"N North side Qinling Mountains, 1300 m, shallow 107?41'64"E rocky stream, boulders and cobblestone, near research no or station, Haopingsi, pH temperature recorded. QinlNl 28 May Same site as QinlNl names of previously described species found in these 11-12.5 um, strongly obpyriform, tapering to 6.5-8 urn collections from western China. wide distally (Figs. 1, 3) with two long, thin appendages (Fig. 3) that are not coiled within the sporogenous cell before no collar. not TAXONOMY trichospore release, Zygospores seen. In the hindgut of mayfly nymphs (Baetidae). & Legeriomyces grandis Juan Wang, Strongman S.Q. Etymology. From the Latin grandis referring to the nov. Figs. 1-3 Xu, sp. large trichospores of this species. MB 513331 Mycobank Specimens examined. CHINA. SHAANXI PROVINCE: Hao Thallus near on sparse ramosus, haptero compacto digitato River Nui Bei Liang Conservation Area the north X exoriens. Trichosporae magnae, 52-55 11-12.5 um, valde side of theQinling Mountains (site 8, Table I). Lactophenol distaliter 6.5-8 urn latae cotton blue-stained slide from the of a obpyriformes, usque attenuatae, prepared hindgut duas non helicoides intra appendices cellulam genitalem mayfly nymph (Baetidae) collected 31 Dec 2006 (HOLO ante liberationem sporarum ferentes, sine collo. Zygosporae TYPE SANU). non observatae. In Baetidarum. proctodaeo nympharum Commentary. Trichospores in Legeriomyces grandis a Thallus sparsely branched, arising from compact are longer and wider than those in any of the six holdfast X are digitate (Fig. 2). Trichospores large, 52-55 described species in the genus and strongly This content downloaded from 140.184.72.92 on Wed, 17 Jun 2015 12:14:02 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 176 Mycologia Table II.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Examining New Phylogenetic Markers to Uncover The
    Persoonia 30, 2013: 106–125 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158513X666394 Examining new phylogenetic markers to uncover the evolutionary history of early-diverging fungi: comparing MCM7, TSR1 and rRNA genes for single- and multi-gene analyses of the Kickxellomycotina E.D. Tretter1, E.M. Johnson1, Y. Wang1, P. Kandel1, M.M. White1 Key words Abstract The recently recognised protein-coding genes MCM7 and TSR1 have shown significant promise for phylo genetic resolution within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, but have remained unexamined within other DNA replication licensing factor fungal groups (except for Mucorales). We designed and tested primers to amplify these genes across early-diverging Harpellales fungal clades, with emphasis on the Kickxellomycotina, zygomycetous fungi with characteristic flared septal walls Kickxellomycotina forming pores with lenticular plugs. Phylogenetic tree resolution and congruence with MCM7 and TSR1 were com- MCM7 pared against those inferred with nuclear small (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes. We also combined MS277 MCM7 and TSR1 data with the rDNA data to create 3- and 4-gene trees of the Kickxellomycotina that help to resolve MS456 evolutionary relationships among and within the core clades of this subphylum. Phylogenetic inference suggests ribosomal biogenesis protein that Barbatospora, Orphella, Ramicandelaber and Spiromyces may represent unique lineages. It is suggested that Trichomycetes these markers may be more broadly useful for phylogenetic studies among other groups of early-diverging fungi. TSR1 Zygomycota Article info Received: 27 June 2012; Accepted: 2 January 2013; Published: 20 March 2013. INTRODUCTION of Blastocladiomycota and Kickxellomycotina, as well as four species of Mucoromycotina have their genomes available The molecular revolution has transformed our understanding of (based on available online searches and the list at http://www.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Potential Effects of Fungicides on Nontarget Gut Fungi (Trichomycetes) and Their Associated Larval Black Fly Hosts1
    JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION Vol. 50, No. 2 AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION April 2014 ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF FUNGICIDES ON NONTARGET GUT FUNGI (TRICHOMYCETES) AND THEIR ASSOCIATED LARVAL BLACK FLY HOSTS1 Emma R. Wilson, Kelly L. Smalling, Timothy J. Reilly, Elmer Gray, Laura Bond, Lance Steele, Prasanna Kandel, Alison Chamberlin, Justin Gause, Nicole Reynolds, Ian Robertson, Stephen Novak, Kevin Feris, and Merlin M. White2 ABSTRACT: Fungicides are moderately hydrophobic and have been detected in water and sediment, particularly in agricultural watersheds, but typically are not included in routine water quality monitoring efforts. This is despite their widespread use and frequent application to combat fungal pathogens. Although the efficacy of these compounds on fungal pathogens is well documented, little is known about their effects on nontarget fungi. This pilot study, a field survey in southwestern Idaho from April to December 2010 on four streams with varying pesti- cide inputs (two agricultural and two reference sites), was conducted to assess nontarget impact of fungicides on gut fungi, or trichomycetes. Tissues of larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae), hosts of gut fungi, were analyzed for pesticide accumulation. Fungicides were detected in hosts from streams within agricultural watersheds but were not detected in hosts from reference streams. Gut fungi from agricultural sites exhibited decreased percent infes- tation, density and sporulation within the gut, and black fly tissues had elevated pesticide concentrations. Differ- ences observed between the sites demonstrate a potential effect on this symbiotic system. Future research is needed to parse out the details of the complex biotic and abiotic relationships; however, these preliminary results indicate that impacts to nontarget organisms could have far-reaching consequences within aquatic ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Level Classification of the Fungi and a Tool for Evolutionary Ecological Analyses
    Fungal Diversity (2018) 90:135–159 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses 1,2,3 4 1,2 3,5 Leho Tedersoo • Santiago Sa´nchez-Ramı´rez • Urmas Ko˜ ljalg • Mohammad Bahram • 6 6,7 8 5 1 Markus Do¨ ring • Dmitry Schigel • Tom May • Martin Ryberg • Kessy Abarenkov Received: 22 February 2018 / Accepted: 1 May 2018 / Published online: 16 May 2018 Ó The Author(s) 2018 Abstract High-throughput sequencing studies generate vast amounts of taxonomic data. Evolutionary ecological hypotheses of the recovered taxa and Species Hypotheses are difficult to test due to problems with alignments and the lack of a phylogenetic backbone. We propose an updated phylum- and class-level fungal classification accounting for monophyly and divergence time so that the main taxonomic ranks are more informative. Based on phylogenies and divergence time estimates, we adopt phylum rank to Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Glomeromycota, Entomoph- thoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota and Olpidiomycota. We accept nine subkingdoms to accommodate these 18 phyla. We consider the kingdom Nucleariae (phyla Nuclearida and Fonticulida) as a sister group to the Fungi. We also introduce a perl script and a newick-formatted classification backbone for assigning Species Hypotheses into a hierarchical taxonomic framework, using this or any other classification system. We provide an example
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Invasive Species and Biological Control
    Bio Control 01 - 16 made-up 14/11/01 3:16 pm Page 1 Chapter 1 1 1 Invasive Species and Biological Control D.J. Parker and B.D. Gill Introduction ballast, favouring aquatic invaders (Bright, 1999). While the rate of introductions has Invasive alien species are those organisms increased greatly over the past 100 years that, when accidentally or intentionally (Sailer, 1983), the period 1981–2000 has introduced into a new region or continent, seen political and technological changes rapidly expand their ranges and exert a that may unleash an even greater wave of noticeable impact upon the resident flora invasive species. The collapse of the for- or fauna of their new environment. From a mer Soviet Union and China’s interest in plant quarantine perspective, invasive joining world trade have opened up new species are typically pests that cause prob- markets in Asia. These vast areas, once iso- lems after entering a country undetected in lated, can now serve as source populations commercial goods or in the personal bag- for additional cold-tolerant pests, e.g. the gage of travellers. Under the International Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), ‘pests’ glabripennis (Motschulsky), and the lesser are defined as ‘any species, strain or bio- Japanese tsugi borer, Callidiellum type of plant, animal or pathogenic agent rufipenne (Motschulsky). Examples of a injurious to plants or plant products’, few insects introduced to Canada since while ‘quarantine pests’ are ‘pests of eco- 1981 include apple ermine moth, nomic importance to the area endangered Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller, European thereby and not yet present there, or pre- pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), sent but not widely distributed and being leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella officially controlled’ (FAO, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • In Black Fly Larvae in Northern Thailand
    Cryptogamie,Mycologie, 2009, 30 (2): 191-198 © 2009 Adac. Tous droits réservés Seasonality of Harpella melusinae Léger and Duboscq (Harpellales) in black fly larvae in Northern Thailand Melati P. HAPSARIa,c,Merlin M. WHITEb,Ekachai CHUKEATIROTE3 &Kevin D. HYDEc aDepartment of Biotechnology Agroindustry, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145,Indonesia bDepartment of Biological Sciences,Boise State University, Boise,Idaho, USA, 83725-1515 cSchool of Science, Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai, 57100,Thailand Abstract – The influence of season and water temperature on the occurence of Harpella melusinae in black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae was investigated in three streams in northern Thailand. A total of 1260 black fly larvae were examined and 86.3%(CI = 82-88%) were colonized by H. melusinae. Both prevalence and level of colonization by H. melusinae varied depending on season (P < 0.01). The highest prevalence was during the cool season (November, 96-100%), compared to the wet season (July to October, 80-92%) and dry season (April to June, 72-89%). The levels of colonization (or numbers of thalli per midgut) by H. melusinae also showed a similar pattern. Regression analysis was significant for season and prevalence at all sites, whereas the level of colonization varied across sites. Prevalence and level of colonization varied with water temperature (P < 0.05), and both were higher in colder waters. This study helps to redress the paucity of ecological information concerning this group of fungi but further studies with different taxa, hosts and habitats will undoubtedly increase our limited knowledge about the ecology of this group of obligately endosymbiontic microorganisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Costa Rican Gut Fungi (Trichomycetes) Imeeting Lotic Inseet Larvae
    Rev. Biol. Trop., 45(4): 1349-1383, 1997 Costa Rican gut fungi (Trichomycetes) imeeting lotic inseet larvae Robert W. Lichtwardt Departmentof Botany, University of Kansas,Lawrence, KS 66045-2106, U.S.A. Received 18-IV-1997. Corrected 29-V-1997. Accepted 28-VI-1997. Abstract: Trichomycetes infecting freshwater Ephemeroptera and Díptera (Siínuliidae, Chironomidae) in various life zones oC Cósta Rica were studied. Insect populations in 36 streams were sampled, a few repeatedly, at four different . perlods of time over seven years. Eleven new species of Harpellales are reported, plus six species knownto occur also in nontropical parts oí the world. Included are new species of Harpella and Pennella, a new monotypic genus (GraminelloidesJ, and four new species of the previously monotypic genera Spartiella and Genistellospora. Seven new Smittiúm species, including three that are not named at this time, were cultured axenically. A new Amoebidium (Amoebidiales) was found in a stream polluted with organic matter. In the same polluted stream more species of dipteran larvae and a greater number of gut fungi were present than in stretclies of unpolluted water upstream. The overall diversity of Harpellales and their aquatic insect hosts in most Costa Rican streams appeared to be lower than what the author has found in many lotic habitats in more northem and southem regions of the world, and thus this orderof fungi may be an exception to the 'latitudinal species diversity gradient' concept as it applies to many other tropical organisms. A key to all 23 Trichomycetes now known to be present in Costa Rica is provided. Keywords: Aquatic insects.
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Author, Here Are the Proofs of Your Article. • You Can Submit Your
    Dear Author, Here are the proofs of your article. • You can submit your corrections online, via e-mail or by fax. • For online submission please insert your corrections in the online correction form. Always indicate the line number to which the correction refers. • You can also insert your corrections in the proof PDF and email the annotated PDF. • For fax submission, please ensure that your corrections are clearly legible. Use a fine black pen and write the correction in the margin, not too close to the edge of the page. • Remember to note the journal title, article number, and your name when sending your response via e-mail or fax. • Check the metadata sheet to make sure that the header information, especially author names and the corresponding affiliations are correctly shown. • Check the questions that may have arisen during copy editing and insert your answers/ corrections. • Check that the text is complete and that all figures, tables and their legends are included. Also check the accuracy of special characters, equations, and electronic supplementary material if applicable. If necessary refer to the Edited manuscript. • The publication of inaccurate data such as dosages and units can have serious consequences. Please take particular care that all such details are correct. • Please do not make changes that involve only matters of style. We have generally introduced forms that follow the journal’s style. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship are not allowed without the approval of the responsible editor. In such a case, please contact the Editorial Office and return his/her consent together with the proof.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery of Biologically Active Fungal Metabolites Resulting from An
    AMC 2019 Plenary Lecture 1 PL1 Discovery of biologically active fungal metabolites resulting from an international, interdisciplinary research scenario Marc Stadler Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Germany Over the past years, we have been able to build up a sustainable, international network with leading researchers from all over the world to explore systematically the mycobiota of tropical countries for their potential to produce novel chemical entities with potential to combat infectious diseases. In addition, we have targeted rare European species that are difficult to culture. Over the past 5 years, these activities have resulted in the discovery of over 150 new bioactive metabolites that were published in over 50 original publications. The key to the success of these projects was actually the collaboration of chemists with leading taxonomists and other biodiversity researchers. Most of the new compounds were isolated from new genera and species that were concurrently discovered in the course of taxonomic studies. Some of the new metabolites discovered have substantial potential for application, even though their evaluation is still in a rather early stage and it may take a long time and substantial efforts and additional funding until they even reach preclinical development. The strategy of this approach will be outlined, also including some highlights from our recent research in an international, interdisciplinary scenario. Asian Mycological Congress 2019 AMC 2019 Plenary Lecture 2 PL2 Cordyceps and cordycipitoid fungi Xingzhong Liu Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Cordyceps historically comprised over 400 species and some of them are used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. In the past few decades, the pharmaceutical and cosmetics, health products developed from cordyceps have made great progress of research and development of cordyceps.
    [Show full text]
  • Trichomycete Fungi (Zygomycota)
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 97(3): 423-426, April 2002 423 SHORT COMMUNICATION Trichomycete Fungi (Zygomycota) Associated with the Digestive Tract of Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes de Mello and Simulium ulyssesi (Py-Daniel & Coscarón) (Diptera: Simuliidae) Larvae, in Central Amazônia, Brazil Claudia Ríos-Velásquez, Neusa Hamada*/+ Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Centro de Pesquisas Leônidas e Maria Deane, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Manaus, AM, Brasil *Coordenação de Pesquisas em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Caixa Postal 478, 69011-970 Manaus, AM, Brasil Trichomycete fungi are associated with digestive tract of black fly larvae. These fungi have not been studied in Brazil, knowing them and their relationship with black flies could be an alternative to control vector populations. The objectives of this study were to survey the Trichomycete fungi associated with larvae of Simulium goeldii and S. ulyssesi, and to determine if there is specificity and/or difference in the infection rates in these species. Black flies were collected in Central Amazônia, Brazil. Three genera of Trichomycetes were found: Harpella, Genistellospora and Smittium. All these fungi were common to both black fly species. Key words: black fly - Trichomycetes - Amazon The Trichomycetes are filamentous fungi that live in In general, the Trichomycetes are commensalistic, but the digestive tract of arthropods, including a great variety the type of relationship with the host can vary according of insect families (Labeyrie et al. 1996, Lichtwardt 1997, developmental characteristics of the host and environ- Misra 1998, Lichtwardt et al.1999). Arthropods are in- mental parameters of the host’s habitat. Species in the fected by Trichomycetes after ingestion of trichospores order Harpellales have a mutualistic relationship with their or zygospores (in the order Harpellales).
    [Show full text]
  • Emendation of Paramoebidium Avitruviense
    Orsis 30, 2016 41-49 Emendation of Paramoebidium avitruviense (Mesomycetozoea) and peculiar observations about other gut endosymbionts associated with Siphonoperla torrentium (Plecoptera) nymphs Laia Guàrdia Valle1 Reception date: 21 January 2016 Acceptance date: 28 April 2016 Publication date: 25 May 2016 Abstract Aquatic macroinvertebrates harbor a broad spectrum of gut endosymbionts, among them trichomycetes species (including fungi and protozoan), which have been traditionally stud- ied by mycologists. The protozoan Paramoebidium avitruviense lives in association with the nymphal stages of Siphonoperla torrentium (Chloroperlidae, Plecoptera). Important quantities of P. avitruviense thalli were obtained during a long-term study performed in Vallforners stream (Montseny Natural Park, Barcelona, Spain), allowing a revision and emendation of the species, particularly regarding the morphology of the cysts, which were previously misidentified. We also document for the first time the presence of Smittium (Harpellales, Kickxellomycotina) within the digestive system of S. torrentium, and provide a discussion for this unusual observation. Keywords: aquatic macroinvertebrates; cross infestation; protozoa; stonefly; symbiosis; taxonomy trichomycetes. Resum. Esmena de Paramoebidium avitruviense (Mesomycetozoea) i observacions peculiars sobre altres endosimbionts intestinals associats a nimfes de Siphonoperla torrentium (Plecoptera) Els macroinvertebrats aquàtics són hostes d’una àmplia varietat d’endosimbionts aquà- tics; entre aquests, els tricomicets (fongs i protozous), que han estat tradicionalment estu- diats per micòlegs. El protozou Paramoebidium avitruviense viu associat amb les fases nimfals de Siphonoperla torrentium (Chloroperlidae, Plecoptera). En un estudi de moni- toratge realitzat a la riera de Vallforners (Parc Natural del Montseny, Barcelona) es va obtenir un nombre important de tal·lus de P. avitruviense. Aquest fet ha permès fer una revisió i emanació de l’espècie, especialment per a les fases de cist, que anteriorment 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Implications of a Rrna-Based Phylogeny of Harpellalesy
    mycological research 110 (2006) 1011–1024 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Evolutionary implications of a rRNA-based phylogeny of Harpellalesy Merlin M. WHITE Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7534, USA article info abstract Article history: The Harpellales (Trichomycetes) are endosymbiotic microfungi, mostly unculturable and pre- Received 23 January 2006 dominantly associated with larval aquatic insects worldwide. Molecular phylogenies in- Received in revised form cluding ‘gut fungi’ have included at most only four axenic isolates of the 38 genera of 13 May 2006 Harpellales. Cladistic analyses were used to infer the phylogeny of the Harpellales using par- Accepted 1 June 2006 tial 18S or 28S nu-rRNA sequences generated for 16 genera of Harpellales, with 64 of 72 se- Published online 22 August 2006 quences generated from unculturable samples. Both analyses placed Orphella outside an Corresponding Editor: otherwise monophyletic group of Harpellales, more closely allied to the Kickxellales. The cur- Richard A. Humber rent classification recognizing two families is not corroborated and continued use of the family Legeriomycetaceae may not be supportable. The largest genera of Harpellales, Smittium Keywords: and Stachylina, were polyphyletic and the 28S rRNA sequences separate Smittium culisetae Commensalism from the remainder of its genus. The cladograms did not support the consistent mapping Insecta of important morphological taxonomic characters, including trichospore shape and zygo- Symbiosis spore type or appendage numbers for both. This study demonstrates the use of microscopic Systematics thalli from host guts for molecular phylogenies and suggests the need for more data from Zygomycota the remaining Harpellales, especially with the future inclusion of protein-coding genes.
    [Show full text]
  • (Zygomycota) in the Digestive Tract of Arthropods in Amazonas, Brazil Yamile B Alencar/+, Claudia M Ríos-Velásquez*, Robert W Lichtwardt**, Neusa Hamada
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 98(6): 799-810, September 2003 799 Trichomycetes (Zygomycota) in the Digestive Tract of Arthropods in Amazonas, Brazil Yamile B Alencar/+, Claudia M Ríos-Velásquez*, Robert W Lichtwardt**, Neusa Hamada Coordenação de Pesquisas em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Caixa Postal 478, 69011-970 Manaus, AM, Brasil **Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, US *Centro de Pesquisas Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz, Manaus, AM, Brasil Eight species of Harpellales and three species of Eccrinales (Zygomycota: Trichomycetes) were found associated with the digestive tract of arthropods from terrestrial and aquatic environments in the central Amazon region of Brazil. New species of Harpellales include: Harpella amazonica, Smittium brasiliense, Genistellospora tropicalis in Simuliidae larvae and Stachylina paucispora in Chironomidae larvae. Axenic cultures of S. brasiliense were obtained. Probable new species of Enterobryus (Eccrinales), Harpella, and Stachylina (Harpellales) are described but not named. Also reported are the previously known species of Eccrinales, Passalomyces compressus and Leidyomyces attenuatus in adult Coleoptera (Passalidae), and Smittium culisetae and Smittium aciculare (Harpellales) in Culicidae and Simuliidae larvae, respectively. Comments on the distribution of some of these fungi and their hosts in the Neotropics are provided. Key words: Coleoptera - Diplopoda - Diptera - fungi - Trichomycetes Trichomycetes (Zygomycota) are obligate symbionts In this investigation we present a taxonomic study that live in the digestive tract of various insects and other and information about the biogeography of Trichomycete arthropods, attached without penetration to the linings fungi in the central Amazon. The taxonomic part includes of the gut (Lichtwardt 1986).
    [Show full text]