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Stomperud I Bagdad
Fagfellevurdert artikkel A˚ rgang 74 | Nr. 3 | 2016 | ISSN 1891-5580 Stomperud i Bagdad Cecilie Hellestveit*, PhD, Seniorforsker, International Law and Policy Institute Artikkelen foretar en analyse av Norges militære bidrag i Irak fra 2015 med utgangspunkt i folkerettens regler for militære utenlandsoppdrag. Artikkelen argumenterer for at de folkerettslige rammene for det norske militære bidraget i Irak pa˚ et par vesentlige punkter skiller seg fra andre nyere norske militære utenlandsoperasjoner. Den peker pa˚ tre utfordringer som det norske militære engasjementet i Irak derfor medfører: notoriteten til det militære oppdraget innad og utad, rettssikkerheten til norske soldater, og effektiviteten til soldater i en prekær rettslig situasjon. Stikkord: folkerett × maktbruk × Irak × Syria × IS × norske militære utlandsoperasjoner The article analyses the Norwegian military contribution to Iraq initiated in 2015 from the perspective of international law regulating military operations on foreign soil. It argues that this military operation is distinguished from other Norwegian military expeditions in recent decades. The article draws attention to three challenges that consequently arise: a low level of clarity concerning the nature and scope of the assignment, lack of legal guarantees calibrated to the tasks of the soldiers and finally poor efficiency resulting from a precarious legal situation. Innledning Den norske regjeringen besluttet i oktober 2014 a˚ sende 120 norske soldater til Irak for a˚ «bidra til a˚ trene opp irakiske sikkerhetsstyrker» (Solberg 2014). Fra april 2015 er en kontingent stasjonert i den kurdiske provinshovedstaden Irbil, formelt underlagt sikkerhetsstyrkene til den autonome kurdiske regionen i Nord-Irak (KRG), mens en annen er stasjonert i hovedstaden Bagdad. Militærpersonalet skal støtte irakiske sentralmyndigheter og kurdiske regionale myndigheter i kampen for a˚ gjenerobre territorium fra organisasjonen Islamsk Stat (IS), som i 2015 kontrollerte ca. -
Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State
Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State Kathleen J. McInnis Analyst in International Security Updated August 24, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44135 Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State Contents The Global Campaign to Counter the Islamic State ........................................................................ 1 Counter-IS Coalition Mandate......................................................................................................... 2 Military Aspects of the Coalition .................................................................................................... 2 NATO ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Russia ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Turkey ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Challenges to Coalition Coherence ........................................................................................... 6 Figures Figure 1. Operation Inherent Resolve: Average U.S. Daily Costs, by Month ................................. 3 Figure 2. Country Participation at Training and Capacity Building Bases in Iraq .......................... 7 Tables Table 1. Military Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State .................................... -
Humanitarian Implications of Violence in Northern and Central Iraq Key
ACAPS Briefing Note: Conflict Humanitarian Implications of Violence Key highlights (25 July – 7 August) 1. August has seen significant deterioration in the humanitarian situation. An in Northern and Central Iraq estimated 200,000 individuals may have been displaced from recent fighting in 7 August 2014 Sinjar and surrounding areas, and as many as 35-50,000 IDPs could be trapped in Jebel Sinjar in extremely urgent need of humanitarian assistance: tens of children are reported to have died from dehydration. Insignificant Minor Moderate Important Major 2. Conflict affected areas face a breakdown of basic services, affecting an estimated Expected impact X 5 million people. Many qualified health, teaching and technical staff have fled and items such as spare parts, medicines and vaccines are in short supply. Not required Low Moderate Important Urgent Need for international International humanitarian organisations are mostly unable to reach those assistance X trapped in contested areas and information on the current situation is extremely limited. 3. Fighting between IS and Kurdish Peshmerga is currently concentrated around Key Findings Mosul dam, Iraq's largest hydroelectric facility. If maintenance of the critically Anticipated An estimated 850,000 people have been displaced in the two unstable dam is disrupted, the dam could be breached, leading to massive scope and months since the start of Islamic State’s (IS) ‘Ramadan offensive’, flooding. IS’ takeover of the dam could disrupt electricity supply to large parts of scale bringing the total displaced since the start of the year to 1.4 million. the country, including Baghdad. An unknown number of civilians are affected by conflict and the breakdown of public services. -
Post-ISIS States by Dr
Background Report VII: September 5, 2017 - April 30, 2018 Post-ISIS States By Dr. Gina Lennox Kurdish Lobby Australia Email: [email protected] Website: www.kurdishlobbyaustralia.com ©2018 Kurdish Lobby Australia You are welcome to share this report but please do not make changes without permission from Kurdish Lobby Australia. 1 Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................ 3 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 5 Why what is happening in the Middle East is relevant to Australia .......................... 9 What the Australian Government Can Do ........................................................................... 9 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 10 ISIS................................................................................................................................................... 10 Cost of War ................................................................................................................................... 11 Reconciliation and Reconstruction ..................................................................................... 14 -
Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State
Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State Kathleen J. McInnis Analyst in International Security August 24, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44135 Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State Contents The Global Campaign to Counter the Islamic State ........................................................................ 1 Counter-IS Coalition Mandate ........................................................................................................ 2 Military Aspects of the Coalition .................................................................................................... 2 NATO ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Russia ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Turkey ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Challenges to Coalition Coherence ........................................................................................... 6 Figures Figure 1. Operation Inherent Resolve: Average U.S. Daily Costs, by Month ................................. 3 Figure 2. Country Participation at Training and Capacity Building Bases in Iraq .......................... 7 Tables Table 1. Military Coalition Contributions to Countering the Islamic State ..................................... 8 Contacts -
The Rojava Revolution
The Rojava Revolution By Aram Shabanian Over five years ago an uprising in Dara’a, Southern Syria, set into motion the events that would eventually culminate in the multifront Syrian Civil War we see today. Throughout the conflict one group in particular has stuck to its principles of selfdefense, gender equality, democratic leadership and environmental protectionism. This group, the Kurds of Northern Syria (Henceforth Rojava), have taken advantage of the chaos in their country to push for more autonomy and, just perhaps, an independent state. The purpose of this paper is to convince the reader that increased support of the Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) would be beneficial to regional and international goals and thus should be initiated immediately. Throughout this paper there will be sources linking to YouTube videos; use this to “watch” the Rojava Revolution from beginning to end for yourself. In the midst of the horror that is the Syrian Civil War there is a single shining glimmer of hope; Rojava, currently engaged in a war for survival and independence whilst simultaneously engaging in a political experiment the likes of which has never been seen before. The Kurds are the secondlargest ethnic group in the middle east today, spanning four countries (Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey) but lacking a home state of their own. Sometimes called the ultimate losers in the SykesPicot agreement, the Kurds have fought for a homeland of their own ever since said agreement was signed in 1916. The Kurds in all of the aforementioned nations are engaged in some degree of insurrection or another. -
Cause for Concern: Civilians Killed in Coalition Strikes
Cause For Concern Hundreds of civilian non-combatants credibly reported killed in first year of Coalition airstrikes against Islamic State Aftermath of a devastating Coalition airstrike at Hawijah, Iraq on June 3 2015, which reportedly killed up to 70 civilians (picture via Iraqi Spring) August 2015 Cause For Concern: Civilians Killed in Coalition Strikes Acknowledgements This Report is the result of a six-month study begun in February 2015, with the aim of building as clear a picture as possible of alleged civilian fatalities from Coalition airstrikes in both Iraq and Syria. The project has been made possible thanks to generous funding from the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, which enabled us to employ two highly-skilled experts. Research into civilian and ‘friendly fire’ deaths in Iraq has been conducted by our Baghdad-based researcher Latif Habib, while our London-based researcher Kinda Haddad has pursued claims of civilian deaths in Syria. This Report is written by Airwars director Chris Woods with an additional feature by Kinda Haddad, and is intended to be read in conjunction with our full database of events. All data modelling and mapping is the work of Basile Simon, who also designs and maintains our ever-expanding website. We are particularly indebted to those monitoring groups, journalists and ordinary citizens in Iraq and Syria whose own courageous work informs many of the incidents we cover. In particular we would like to thank the Syrian Network for Human Rights; the Violations Documentation Center; the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights; Raqaa is Being Slaughtered Silently; and Iraq Body Count, all of which have worked tirelessly to expose not just fatalities from Coalition strikes but also from the far greater carnage still unfolding in Iraq and Syria. -
The Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
Contents Introduction................................................................................................................... 3 Objections to listing mechanism based on the statutory criteria .......................... 4 Minister’s decision founded upon unreliable foreign intelligence. ................... 4 Failure to take into account political context........................................................ 7 The PKK do not meet salient non-legislative factors ............................................. 11 Non-legislative factor: ideology............................................................................. 12 Non-legislative factor: risk to Australia ............................................................... 13 Non-legislative factor: engagement in peace or mediation processes............. 14 The conflict in Turkey and Iraq is properly the subject of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and not domestic criminal law...................................... 16 Impact on Kurdish Australians – chilling effect of re-listing on freedom of political communication ............................................................................................ 19 [f] Page 2 Introduction 1. These submissions are made on behalf of the Kurdish Democratic Community Centre of Victoria and the Democratic Kurdish Community Centre of NSW (collectively, the KA) in relation to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security’s (the PJCIS’s) review of the re-listing of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (the PKK). 2. The re-listing -
Countering Daesh Extremism: European and Asian Responses Countering Daesh Extremism: European And
02/2016 PANORAMA INSIGHTS INTO ASIAN AND EUROPEAN AFFAIRS COUNTERING DAESH EXTREMISM EUROPEAN AND ASIAN RESPONSES K o n r a d A d e n a u e r S t i f t u n g Panorama InsIghts Into asIan and euroPean affaIrs Countering daesh extremism Panorama: Insights into Asian and European Affairs is a series of occasional papers published by the Konrad- Adenauer-Stiftung’s “Regional Programme Political Dialogue Asia and the Pacific/Singapore”. This is a special edition published in collaboration with the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University. © 2016 Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Singapore Editors: Dr. Beatrice Gorawantschy, Professor Rohan Gunaratna, Megha Sarmah, Patrick Rueppel Publishers: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Ltd 36 Bukit Pasoh Road Singapore 089848 Registration Number: 201228783N Tel: (65) 6603-6160 Tel: (65) 6227-8343 Email: [email protected] Website: www.kas.de/singapore International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies Nanyang Technological University, Block S4, Level B4 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying or recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission from the publisher. Manuscript offers, review copies, exchange journals, and requests for subscription are to be sent to the editors. The responsibility for facts and opinions in this publication rests exclusively with the authors and their interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views or the policy of Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research, S. -
Ladies and Gentlemen, the Australian Defence Force Is Entering a Period
AIR CHIEF MARSHAL M.D. BINSKIN, AC CHIEF OF THE DEFENCE FORCE Opening Statement Budget Estimates Hearing 01 March 2017 **Check against delivery** Thank you Senator. I will give an overview of our operations around the globe. Firstly, our operations in Iraq are currently focussed on supporting the Iraqi Security Forces as they continue their offensive to regain control of the city of Mosul. In late January, Prime Minister al-Abadi declared East Mosul had been fully liberated and on 19 February, he announced the start of Iraq’s campaign to retake west Mosul. Over the past week, the Iraqis have recaptured a number of strategic positions including Ghazlani military base and Mosul Airport with support from Coalition nations, including Australian Special Forces advisors and the Air Task Group. I had the opportunity to join the Air Task Group during a recent mission in support of the Mosul operations. Flying over Iraq, observing the F/A-18 Hornets, following the targeting processes as well as monitoring the interaction between coalition aircraft and ground forces reinforced the complexity of the battlespace and the excellent work our people are doing at all levels of operations against Daesh. In numeric terms, to date, the E-7A Wedgetail has completed 319 airborne command and control sorties while the KC-30A Tanker has offloaded an impressive 33.5 million kilograms of fuel to Australian and Coalition aircraft since Operation OKRA commenced in October 2014. Our Hornet aircrat have conducted more than 2,100 sorties over Iraq and Syria, including those in support of the Mosul offensive which began last October. -
ISIS: the Military Response in Iraq and Syria
ISIS: the military response in Iraq and Syria Standard Note: SN/IA/6995 Last updated: 12 November 2014 Author: Louisa Brooke-Holland and Claire Mills Section International Affairs and Defence Section The United States has led airstrikes against ISIS in Iraq and Syria. RAF Tornado GR4 and the Reaper remotely piloted air system (RPAS) have conducted airstrikes against ISIS in Iraq. Reaper and Rivet Joint aircraft have also been authorised to fly surveillance missions over Syria. France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Australia, Canada and Denmark have all conducted air strikes in Iraq. Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates have all supported US strikes against ISIS in Syria. Combat troops have been explicitly ruled out by the UK and the other the countries involved, amid debate about the reliance on air power alone. However a number of British soldiers are training Peshmerga forces in northern Iraq, while further advisory personnel are expected to be deployed to Iraqi headquarters as part of a broader package of support announced on 5 November. The US also announced on 7 November the intention to deploy up to 1,500 additional military personnel in order to initiate a more comprehensive training package for Iraqi forces. Several Coalition partners have offered additional trainers as part of that initiative. This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. It should not be relied upon as being up to date; the law or policies may have changed since it was last updated; and it should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice or as a substitute for it. -
IRAQ May - December, 2018
12 December 2018 Post-ISIS States: IRAQ May - December, 2018 By Dr. Gina Lennox Kurdish Lobby Australia Email: [email protected] Website: www.kurdishlobbyaustralia.com © 2018 Kurdish Lobby Australia 1 Ekurd.net 12 December 2018 Table of Contents Acronyms ............................................................................................................. 3 General Observations ........................................................................................... 4 ISIS and Islamist Militancy ...................................................................................... 4 The United States, Russia and China in the Middle East ....................................... 5 The United Nations ................................................................................................ 6 The Kurds ............................................................................................................... 7 Ways Forward ....................................................................................................... 7 What the Australian Government Can Do .............................................................. 9 Country Specific Overview: Iraq .......................................................................... 11 The current situation ....................................................................................... 11 Ways Forward ................................................................................................. 15 Background: Iraq................................................................................................