DOCSLIB.ORG

Dust and Stone: Caucasian Sketches in Lermontov, Mandelstam and Grossman

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dust and Stone: Caucasian Sketches in Lermontov, Mandelstam and Grossman Dust and Stone: Caucasian Sketches in Lermontov, Mandelstam and Grossman Daniele Artoni ♦ eSamizdat (XI), pp. - ♦ OU should stop walking barefoot here! beaten by a group of compatriots while trying to “Y You’re not in the North, you’re not in Eu- protect an Armenian woman. Whereas contempo- rope – the Caucasus is dusty”. While I was travel- rary reality is characterised by the anti-Armenian ling in Georgia, a friend of mine from Tbilisi pointed pogroms – which occurred in Azerbaijan in the late out this feature I had not considered before: dust 1980’s – and the narration often evokes the histor- is an element you find everywhere in the Caucasus. ical reality of 1919 – when the Nakhichevan Arme- Alongside the presence of dust all over the place, nians were slaughtered by the Turkish army –, the my eyes were struck by the stone, another compo- oneiric reality of Saday’s dreams is captured by the nent characterising Caucasian sceneries and land- stones of Aylis, his native village in Nakhichevan, scapes. Stony Georgian churches are built on the where “кто-то собрал все высеченные из камня top of stony mountains; revolting snakes hide un- ступеньки и уступы мира и выстроил их сколь- der incandescent stones in the Azerbaijani desert ко хватает глаз в этом самом узком ущелье Ай- of Qobustan, where nomadic pre-historic people лиса”2. Here the main church is called kamen- carved their memories on rocky walls; Armenian naya tserkov’ [stone church], the walls are made churches made of stone dominate rocky valleys, of stone, the streets are stony, and stones are what where people as ancient as stone managed to cut the children in Aylis throw at the doors. khachkar1 out of it. Beyond the title, in the novel stone is revealed My experience as a traveller triggered my inter- both as a primordial element upon which Armenia est in exploring to what extent the vast literary pro- created a land as beautiful as Paradise, and as a duction set in the Caucasus has dealt with two ele- metaphorical state of mind connected to dream and ments characterising this region – dust and stone. coma, which eventually led to death. In particular, this essay focuses on travel literature Coming back to the perception of the Caucasus and aims at investigating how the two abovemen- in travel writing, here I focus on Russian litera- tioned elements are perceived as belonging to a re- ture, which has been affected by the complex rela- ality “other” than everyday life and whether they are tionship between forms of government (the Russian enriched with symbolic value. Empire, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federa- Stone as a characterising element of the Cau- tion) and a land that alternatively was part of them3. casus dominates not only the traveller’s percep- Whereas Soviet criticism read the conquest of the tion, but also the Caucasians’ view of their land, Caucasus both as instance of tsarist colonialism4 as witnessed by indigenous literature. A recent and meaningful example is provided by Daş yuxular- 2 “Someone collected all the steps and benching car- Каменные Сны [Stone Dreams, 2012] published ved in stone in the world and set them forth as far as the eye can see in that narrow canyon of Aylis”, link in the Russian journal Druzhba Narodov, a novel <http://magazines.russ.ru/druzhba/2012/12/aa5.html>. written by the Azerbaijani author Akram Aylisli. 3 The Caucasus was gradually annexed to the Russian Empire in the th The plot rotates around the comatose dreams of 19 century (first under Peter I, then during the so-called Cau- casian War in 1817-64), it was divided in several republics be- the Azerbaijani actor Saday Sadykhly after he was longing to the Soviet Union, some of which became officially au- tonomous – still unofficially under the Russian influence – at the beginning of the Nineties. 1 The typical Armenian cross-stone. 4 See S. Vel’tman, Vostok v khudozhestvennoj literature, eSamizdat 2016 (XI) ♦ La letteratura di viaggio in area slavofona ♦ and, conversely, as an act of liberation from reac- sus is not geographically motivated (the Cauca- tionary forces (such as Shamyl’s Islamic opposi- sus is South to Russia) and affected by the Ori- tion)5, more recent studies after Orientalist theo- ental status of Russia itself (Russia is East to Eu- ries6 tend either to apply Said’s analysis to Impe- rope), the texts I will consider do not display a clear rial Russia7 or to highlight the two main specifici- hegemonic imbalance between a dominating Rus- ties of the Russian situation: on the one hand the sia and a dominated Caucasus12. In the light of Russian Empire must be viewed as a multicultural this, the elements of stone and dust are analysed as organism in which a Russian core interfaces with chthonic components characterising the otherness its varied peripheries, lacking the territorial discon- of this corner of the world so different from Rus- tinuities typical of the European Empires8; on the sia13, but so close to it. In order to unveil how the other hand, Russia is studied as being simultane- stone and the dust in the Caucasus are perceived by ously subject and object of Orientalism, displaying Russian writers and whether these elements are en- both western and eastern features in the discourse riched with symbolic values, I’ve focused my anal- of power and knowledge9. As noted by Ferrari10, a ysis on three pivotal writers, who actually travelled post-colonial reading of the relationships between in the Caucasus and wrote about it – Mikhail Ler- Russia and the Caucasus has become common montov (1814-41), Osip Mandelstam (1891-1938) in post-soviet times in the Slavic studies in En- and Vasily Grossman (1905-64). glish language, but fundamentally absent among Although belonging to different times, in which the Russian scholars11. the relationships between Russia and the Caucasus I will show how the Caucasian “otherness” is pe- were different – when Lermontov visits Georgia, it culiar in its acquaintance with the Russian eye; in is part of the Russian Empire, whereas at the time of addition, given that the status of Oriental Cauca- Mandelstam’s and Grossman’s journeys to Arme- nia, it is part of the Soviet Union – the three authors Moskva, Leningrad 1928; N. Svirin, “Russkaya Kolonial’naya are absorbed by the Caucasus and such fascination literatura”, Literaturny kritik, 1934, 9, pp. 76-79. affects their production. 5 An account of the complex relationshipbetween Russia and the Is- lamic entities in the North Caucasus is provided by M. Bennigsen Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (1814-1841) trav- Broxup, The North Caucasus Barrier. The Russian Advance elled in the Caucasus twice when he was a child (in Towards the Muslim World, London 1992. 14 6 1820 and 1825) , before serving there in 1837 and A listof studieson RussianOrientalismis providedinV.Tolz, “Ori- 15 entalism, nationalism, and ethnic diversity in late Imperial Russia”, 1840 . The Caucasus became the place where he The Historical Journal, 2005, 48, p. 130. The studies she consid- ers are listed as follows: “Ab imperio: Theory and History of Na- 12 tionalities and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Realm”, 2002 (1), Some Saidian readings of A Hero of Our Time by Lermontov – link <http://abimperio.net>; S. Layton, Russian Literature and one of the works mentioned later – highlight how the novel dis- Empire: Conquest of the Caucasus from Pushkin to Tolstoi, plays a clash between a masculine representation of Russia and its Cambridge 1994; M. Greenleaf, Pushkin and romantic fashion: feminine counterpart, the Caucasus to be seduced. See P.Scotto, fragment, elegy, Orient, irony, Stanford 1994; R. Geraci, Win- “Prisoners of the Caucasus: Ideologies of Imperialism in Lermon- dow on the East, Ithaca 2009; D. Brower, E. Lazzerini, Russia’s tov’s ‘Bela’”, PMLA, 1992, 107, (2), pp. 246-260; S. Layton, Rus- Orient: imperial borderlands and peoples, 1700-1917, Bloom- sian Literature, op. cit., pp. 133-155. However, I claim that ington 1997; M. Bassin, Imperial visions: nationalist imagi- Lermontov’s attitude towards the Caucasus resembles that of a nation and geographical expansion in the Russian Far East, seducing lover rather than a violent conqueror, as suggested, for 1840-1865, Cambridge 1999. instance, by the verse lyublyu ya Kavkaz [I love the Caucasus] 7 See A. Khalid, N. Knight, M. Todorova, “Ex tempore: Orientalism repeated three times in the poem Kavkaz [Caucasus, 1830]. See and Russia”, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian M.Yu. Lermontov, Polnoe sobranie stikhotvorenij, I, Leningrad 1989, p. 98. History, 2000 (I), 4, pp. 691-727. 13 8 See A. Kappeler, Rußland als Vielvölkerreich. Entstehung. One may claim that dust and stone are widely displayed in the li- Geschichte. Zerfall, München 1992. terature connected to the city of Pietersburg and thus cannot be 9 See N. Knight, “Grigor’ev in Orenburg, 1851–1862: Russian Ori- considered as components alien to Russia. However, whereas in entalism in the service of empire?”, Slavic Review, 2000, 59, pp. Pietersburg the presence of dust and stone is caused by human 74-100. activity, which typically subjugates nature by creating an artificial 10 A. Ferrari, Quando il Caucaso incontrò la Russia. Cinque reality, the same elements in the Caucasus are parts of nature itself storie esemplari, Milano 2015, pp. 10-11. and peculiar traits of the Caucasian landscapes. See E. Lo Gatto, 11 Il mito di Pietroburgo, Milano 1960. A remarkable exception is provided by a Saidian analysis of the re- 14 lationships between Russia and the Northern Caucasus in V.O. V.A. Mnujlov, Lermontovskaya entsiklopediya, Moskva 1981, p. 644. Bobronikov, I.L. Babich, Severny Kavkaz v sostave Rossijskoj 15 Imperii, Moskva 2007.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geoffrey Baer, Who Each Friday Night Will Welcome Local Contestants Whose Knowledge of Trivia About Our City Will Be Put to the Test
    From the President & CEO The Guide The Member Magazine Dear Member, for WTTW and WFMT This month, WTTW is excited to premiere a new series for Chicago trivia buffs and Renée Crown Public Media Center curious explorers alike. On March 26, join us for The Great Chicago Quiz Show hosted by 5400 North Saint Louis Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60625 WTTW’s Geoffrey Baer, who each Friday night will welcome local contestants whose knowledge of trivia about our city will be put to the test. And on premiere night and after, visit Main Switchboard (773) 583-5000 wttw.com/quiz where you can play along at home. Turn to Member and Viewer Services page 4 for a behind-the-scenes interview with Geoffrey and (773) 509-1111 x 6 producer Eddie Griffin. We’ll also mark Women’s History Month with American Websites wttw.com Masters profiles of novelist Flannery O’Connor and wfmt.com choreographer Twyla Tharp; a POV documentary, And She Could Be Next, that explores a defiant movement of women of Publisher color transforming politics; and Not Done: Women Remaking Anne Gleason America, tracing the last five years of women’s fight for Art Director Tom Peth equality. On wttw.com, other Women’s History Month subjects include Emily Taft Douglas, WTTW Contributors a pioneering female Illinois politician, actress, and wife of Senator Paul Douglas who served Julia Maish in the U.S. House of Representatives; the past and present of Chicago’s Women’s Park and Lisa Tipton WFMT Contributors Gardens, designed by a team of female architects and featuring a statue by Louise Bourgeois; Andrea Lamoreaux and restaurateur Niquenya Collins and her newly launched Afro-Caribbean restaurant and catering business, Cocoa Chili.
    [Show full text]
  • Marco Polo – the Label of Discovery
    Marco Polo – The Label of Discovery Doubt was expressed by his contemporaries as to the truth of Marco Polo’s account of his years at the court of the Mongol Emperor of China. For some he was known as a man of a million lies, and one recent scholar has plausibly suggested that the account of his travels was a fiction inspired by a family dispute. There is, though, no doubt about the musical treasures daily uncovered by the Marco Polo record label. To paraphrase Marco Polo himself: All people who wish to know the varied music of men and the peculiarities of the various regions of the world, buy these recordings and listen with open ears. The original concept of the Marco Polo label was to bring to listeners unknown compositions by well-known composers. There was, at the same time, an ambition to bring the East to the West. Since then there have been many changes in public taste and in the availability of recorded music. Composers once little known are now easily available in recordings. Marco Polo, in consequence, has set out on further adventures of discovery and exploration. One early field of exploration lay in the work of later Romantic composers, whose turn has now come again. In addition to pioneering recordings of the operas of Franz Schreker, Der ferne Klang (The Distant Sound), Die Gezeichneten (The Marked Ones) and Die Flammen (The Flames), were three operas by Wagner’s son, Siegfried. Der Bärenhäuter (The Man in the Bear’s Skin), Banadietrich and Schwarzschwanenreich (The Kingdom of the Black Swan) explore a mysterious medieval world of German legend in a musical language more akin to that of his teacher Humperdinck than to that of his father.
    [Show full text]
  • Marco Polo – the Label of Discovery
    Marco Polo – The Label of Discovery Since its launch in 1982, the Marco Polo label has for over twenty years sought to draw attention to unexplored repertoire.␣ Its main goals have been to record the best music of unknown composers and the rarely heard works of well-known composers.␣ At the same time it originally aspired, like Marco Polo himself, to bring something of the East to the West and of the West to the East. For many years Marco Polo was the only label dedicated to recording rare repertoire.␣ Most of its releases were world première recordings of works by Romantic, Late Romantic and Early Twentieth Century composers, and of light classical music. One early field of exploration lay in the work of later Romantic composers, whose turn has now come again, particularly those whose careers were affected by political events and composers who refused to follow contemporary fashions.␣ Of particular interest are the operas by Richard Wagner’s son Siegfried, who ran the Bayreuth Festival for so many years, yet wrote music more akin to that of his teacher Humperdinck. To Der Bärenhäuter (The Man in the Bear’s Skin), Banadietrich, Schwarzschwanenreich (The Kingdom of the Black Swan), and Bruder Lustig, which further explores the mysterious medieval world of German legend is now added Der Heidenkönig (The Heathen King).␣ Other German operas included in the catalogue are works by Franz Schreker and Hans Pfitzner. Earlier Romantic opera is represented by Weber’s Peter Schmoll, and by Silvana, the latter notable in that the heroine of the title remains dumb throughout most of the action.
    [Show full text]
  • Cello Concerto (1990)
    RUSSIAN, SOVIET & POST-SOVIET CONCERTOS A Discography of CDs and LPs Prepared by Michael Herman Edited by Stephen Ellis Composers A-G RUSTAM ABDULLAYEV (b. 1947, UZBEKISTAN) Born in Khorezm. He studied composition at the Tashkent Conservatory with Rumil Vildanov and Boris Zeidman. He later became a professor of composition and orchestration of the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan as well as chairman of the Composers' Union of Uzbekistan. He has composed prolifically in most genres including opera, orchestral, chamber and vocal works. He has completed 4 additional Concertos for Piano (1991, 1993, 1994, 1995) as well as a Violin Concerto (2009). Piano Concerto No. 1 (1972) Adiba Sharipova (piano)/Z. Khaknazirov/Uzbekistan State Symphony Orchestra ( + Zakirov: Piano Concerto and Yanov-Yanovsky: Piano Concertino) MELODIYA S10 20999 001 (LP) (1984) LEV ABELIOVICH (1912-1985, BELARUS) Born in Vilnius, Lithuania. He studied at the Warsaw Conservatory and then at the Minsk Conservatory where his composition teacher was Vasily Zolataryov. After graduation from the latter institution, he took further composition courses with Nikolai Miaskovsky at the Moscow Conservatory. He composed orchestral, vocal and chamber works. Piano Concerto in E minor (1976) Alexander Tutunov (piano)/ Marlan Carlson/Corvallis-Oregon State University Symphony Orchestra ( + Piano Trio, Aria for Viola and Piano and 10 Romances) ALTARUS 9058 (2003) Aria for Violin and Chamber Orchestra (1973) Mikhail Shtein (violin)/Alexander Polyanko/Minsk Chamber Orchestra ( + Vagner: Clarinet Concerto and Alkhimovich: Concerto Grosso No. 2) MELODIYA S10 27829 003 (LP) (1988) MusicWeb International Last updated: August 2020 Russian, Soviet & Post-Soviet Concertos A-G ISIDOR ACHRON (1891-1948) Piano Concerto No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concerts at Lewisohn Stadium, 1922-1964
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2009 Music for the (American) People: The Concerts at Lewisohn Stadium, 1922-1964 Jonathan Stern The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2239 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] MUSIC FOR THE (AMERICAN) PEOPLE: THE CONCERTS AT LEWISOHN STADIUM, 1922-1964 by JONATHAN STERN VOLUME I A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2009 ©2009 JONATHAN STERN All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Music in satisfaction of the Dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Professor Ora Frishberg Saloman Date Chair of Examining Committee Professor David Olan Date Executive Officer Professor Stephen Blum Professor John Graziano Professor Bruce Saylor Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract MUSIC FOR THE (AMERICAN) PEOPLE: THE LEWISOHN STADIUM CONCERTS, 1922-1964 by Jonathan Stern Adviser: Professor John Graziano Not long after construction began for an athletic field at City College of New York, school officials conceived the idea of that same field serving as an outdoor concert hall during the summer months. The result, Lewisohn Stadium, named after its principal benefactor, Adolph Lewisohn, and modeled much along the lines of an ancient Roman coliseum, became that and much more.
    [Show full text]
  • Marco Polo – the Label of Discovery
    Marco Polo – The Label of Discovery Since its launch in 1982, the Marco Polo label has for twenty years sought to draw attention to unexplored repertoire. Its main goals have been to record the best music of unknown composers and the rarely heard works of well-known composers. At the same time it aspired, like Marco Polo himself, to bring something of the East to the West and of the West to the East. For many years Marco Polo was the only label dedicated to recording rare repertoire. Most of its releases were world première recordings of works by Romantic, Late Romantic and Early Twentieth Century composers, and of light classical music. One early field of exploration lay in the work of later Romantic composers, whose turn has now come again, particularly those whose careers were affected by political events and composers who refused to follow contemporary fashions. Of particular interest are the operas by Richard Wagner’s son Siegfried, who ran the Bayreuth Festival for so many years, yet wrote music more akin to that of his teacher Humperdinck. To Der Bärenhäuter (The Man in the Bear’s Skin), Banadietrich, and Schwarzschwanenreich (The Kingdom of the Black Swan), the new catalogue adds Bruder Lustig, which again explores the mysterious medieval world of German legend. Other German operas included in the catalogue are works by Franz Schreker and Hans Pfitzner. Earlier Romantic opera is represented by Weber’s Peter Schmoll, and by Silvana, the latter notable in that the heroine of the title remains dumb throughout most of the action.
    [Show full text]
  • Temporary Assistant Professor in Slavic Studies – from Feb 2020 Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Verona
    Curriculum Vitae Daniele Artoni PERSONAL INFORMATION Daniele Artoni RESEARCH Temporary assistant professor in Slavic Studies – from Feb 2020 Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Verona Postdoctoral research fellow in Slavic Studies – from Sep 2019 to Jan 2020 Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Verona • Research project: Accessible and inclusive teaching of Russian FL: An experimental study. Supervisor: Prof Manuel Boschiero Postdoctoral research fellow in Slavic Studies – from May 2018 to Apr 2019 Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Verona • Research project: Usage, identity and competence of the Russian as a Foreign Language in the Post-Soviet Southern Caucasus. Supervisor: Prof Stefano Aloe Postdoctoral research fellow in Slavic Studies – from Nov 2015 to Oct 2017 Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Verona • Research project: The construction of the Russian Orient in Carla Serena’s travel writings (1824-1884). Supervisor: Prof Stefano Aloe • Research conducted in the following centres: Civic Library in Verona, Library of Geography at the University of Padua, Archive of the Italian Geographical Society in Rome, National Library of France in Paris, National Parliamentary Library of Georgia in Tbilisi, Photoinstitut Bonartes in Vienna, National State Library in Moscow, Library of Foreign Literature in Moscow, National Archive of Georgia in Tbilisi, National Centre of Manuscripts Korneli Kekelidze in Tbilisi, National Library of Science
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Connection Text Booklet
    Three generations of composers, one Russian tradition The most substantial work on this CD, Rimsky-Korsakov’s Quintet in B flat, is entirely in the tradition of the Russia of the Tsars and the divertimento by Paul Juon was also written before the Revolution. The works by Ippolitov-Ivanov and Vasilenko were composed during the first decades of the Soviet Union. The establishment of the Soviet regime was a cultural turning point as well as a political one, so that the four works on this CD might seem to represent two entirely different worlds. But even though Ippolitov-Ivanov and Vasilenko were certainly influenced by cultural and political changes, the level of continuity is greater than one would expect. The main reason for this is to be found in the conservative idiom of these two composers. In addition, we are dealing with a strong tradition, one which was not easy to break with and which later turned out to be politically useful. On the present CD that tradition is represented by three generations of a “family” of composers. Rimsky- Korsakov taught Ippolitov-Ivanov, who in turn was the teacher of Vasilenko. Despite stylistic differences, Paul Juon can be considered a distant musical cousin of Vasilenko. Not only were they precisely the same age –both being born in March 1872– but they were contemporaries at the Moscow Conservatory. The compositions of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) can be divided into four different periods. Prior to 1873 he concentrated mainly on symphonies, but in about 1878 he commenced a series of impressive operas.
    [Show full text]
  • Season 2011-2012
    Season 2011-2012 The Philadelphia Orchestra Friday, June 22, at 2:00 Yannick Nézet-Séguin Conductor Stokowski Celebration at the Academy of Music Brahms Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68 I. Un poco sostenuto—Allegro II. Andante sostenuto III. Un poco allegretto e grazioso IV. Adagio—Più andante—Allegro non troppo, ma con brio—Più allegro Intermission Ippolitov-Ivanov Caucasian Sketches, Suite No. 1, Op. 10 I. In a Mountain Pass II. In a Village III. In a Mosque IV. Procession of the Sardar Wagner Overture to Tannhäuser This program runs approximately 1 hour, 50 minutes. Named one of “Tomorrow’s Conducting Icons” by Gramophone magazine, Yannick Nézet-Séguin has become one of today’s most sought-after conductors, widely praised for his musicianship, dedication, and charisma. A native of Montreal, he made his Philadelphia Orchestra debut in 2008 and in June 2010 was named the Orchestra’s next music director, beginning with the 2012-13 season. Artistic director and principal conductor of Montreal’s Orchestre Métropolitain since 2000, he became music director of the Rotterdam Philharmonic and principal guest conductor of the London Philharmonic in 2008. In addition to concerts with The Philadelphia Orchestra, Mr. Nézet-Séguin’s 2011-12 season included his Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, debut; a tour of Germany with the Rotterdam Philharmonic; appearances at the Metropolitan Opera, La Scala, and Netherlands Opera; and return visits to the Vienna and Berlin philharmonics and the Dresden Staatskapelle. Recent engagements have included the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Boston Symphony, and the Orchestre National de France; Vienna Philharmonic projects at the 2011 Salzburg, Montreux, and Lucerne festivals; and debut appearances at the Bavarian Radio Symphony and the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia.
    [Show full text]
  • THE NORTH CAUCASUS: T Minorities at a Crossroads • 94/5 the NORTH CAUCASUS : Minorities at a Crossroads an MRG INTERNATIONAL REPORT
    MINORITY RIGHTS GROUP INTERNATIONAL R E P O R THE NORTH CAUCASUS: T Minorities at a Crossroads • 94/5 THE NORTH CAUCASUS : Minorities at a Crossroads AN MRG INTERNATIONAL REPORT G R M by HELEN KRAG and LARS FUNCH THE NORTH CAUCASUS: Minorities at a Crossroads by Helen Krag and Lars Funch © Minority Rights Group 1994 Acknowledgements British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Minority Rights Group gratefully acknowledges support A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library of the Danish Commission on Security and ISBN 1 897693 70 2 Disarmament, and all organizations and individuals who ISSN 0303 6252 gave financial and other assistance for this report. Published December 1994 Typeset by Brixton Graphics This report has been commissioned and is published by Printed in the UK on chlorine-free paper by Manchester Free Press Minority Rights Group as a contribution to public under- standing of the issue which forms its subject. The text and the views of the individual authors do not necessarily represent, in every detail and in all its aspects, the collective view of Minority Rights Group. THE AUTHORS DR HELEN KRAG is an associate professor and Head of Minority Studies at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, with a particular interest in minority-majority relations in Eastern Europe and the former USSR. Dr Krag is the Chair of MRG’s affiliate in Denmark, and a member of MRG’s Council and Programme Committee. She has written extensively on minority issues in the former USSR and Eastern Europe and acts as an advisor to various international bodies and human rights organi- zations.
    [Show full text]
  • New York Flute Fair 2014
    THE NEW YORK FLUTE CLUB: New York Flute Club FOR MORE INFORMATION Wendy Stern, President For more information about the New York Flute Club, please visit our Deirdre McArdle, Program Chair website, www.nyfluteclub.org, or contact one of the officers or presents coordinators listed below. For topics not listed, please email the webmaster at [email protected]. To contact us by postal mail, please write to the appropriate person at: T HE M AGIC F LUTES The New York Flute Club Park West Finance Station P.O. Box 20613 New York, NY 10025-1515 Archives Mailing Labels Nancy Toff, Archivist (Postal mailing lists only; [email protected] we do not rent our email list) Lucille Goeres, Membership Competition Secretary Patricia Wolf Zuber, Coordinator [email protected] [email protected] Membership, Dues, Change of with guest artists Concert information Address Wendy Stern, President Lucille Goeres, Membership THE FLUTISTS OF THE METROPOLITAN OPERA [email protected] Secretary Denis Bouriakov Concert & program proposals [email protected] Stefán Ragnar Höskuldsson Wendy Stern, President Newsletter Maron Anis Khoury [email protected] Katherine Saenger, Editor Stephanie Mortimore Contributions & Other [email protected] Financial Matters Social media: Nneka Landrum, Treasurer Nicole Camacho, Coordinator nneka1973 @hotmail.com [email protected] Corporate Sponsors Website Fred Marcusa, Coordinator Joan Adam, Webmaster [email protected] [email protected] Sunday, March 16, 2014 Education & Enrichment Young Musicians Contest Stefani
    [Show full text]
  • Education at Risk in the Northern Caucasus
    EDUCATION AT RISK IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS: Adygheya, Dagestan, Ingushetiya, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachai-Cherkessia, North Ossetia-Alania and Chechnya Dr. Irina Molodikova 2008 April ABOUT THE AUTHOR This report was prepared by Irina Molodikova, and funded by the Education Support Program of the Open Society Institute. Dr. Irina Molodikova is a research fellow at Central European University (Budapest) and Director of the Social Inequality and Exclusion seminar program for RESeT OSI (Budapest). She graduated from Moscow State University named after Lomonosov (Russia) and the University of Peace and Conflicts (Austria). Dr. Molodikova currently works as a researcher in the field of population migration and as a trainer in conflict resolution in multiethnic communities in the Northern Caucasus region and the Balkans. She is the author and editor of several books on migration problems and a visiting lecturer at Central European University and Moscow State University. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank the Association, Teachers of Chechnya, the non- governmental organization, Raduga, the teacher-psychologists from Ingushetiya, Dagestan, and North Ossetia-Alania, as well as the lecturers of the Stavropol State University, who helped to organize focus groups and conducted interviews with experts in the remote regions. Sincere gratitude to all others who volunteered their time to participate in the development of this report. LIST OF ACRONYMS ESP Education Support Program IDP Internally Displaced Person IOM International Organization
    [Show full text]