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Gesamte Arbeit Ladurner MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis „Ein Beispiel wissenschaftlicher Vernetzung der Wiener Botanik-aus der Korrespondenz des Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. Ein Beitrag zur europäischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte“ verfasst von / submitted by Marion Ladurner, dott.ssa angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2016 / Vienna 2016 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / 066 686 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Historisch-Kulturwissenschaftliche degree programme as it appears on Europaforschung the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor Univ. Doz. Dr. Gottfried Liedl ! ! ! ! ! II! An dieser Stelle möchte ich zunächst Herrn Univ. Doz. Gottfried Liedl für die Betreuung und Ermöglichung meiner Masterarbeit danken. Weiters gebührt demselben sowie auch ao. Univ. Prof. i.R. Dr. Peter Feldbauer gebührlicher Dank für die Inspiration zu diesem Thema, welche ich im Laufe des Seminars „Europäische Expansion, Akkulturation, Globalisierung“ erfahren durfte. Ohne dies wäre die vorliegende Arbeit wohl nicht entstanden. Weiters bedanke ich mich für die Zurverfügungstellung der brieflichen Korrespondenzen Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquins seitens des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, welches mich auch in der Handhabung der französischsprachigen Briefe unterstützt hat. Auch der Burgerbibliothek in Bern, der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek sowie dem Haus- Hof und Staatsarchiv sei mein Dank für die Bereitstellung von Briefen und Archivalien ausgesprochen. Schließlich gilt mein Dank meiner Familie und meinen Freunden, welche mich auf dem Weg des Studiums und der Masterarbeit stets unterstützt und bekräftigt haben. ! III! ! ! ! IV! Inhaltsverzeichnis ! 1.!Einleitung+.......................................................................................................................................+1! Theoretischer+Teil+...........................................................................................................................+5! 2.!Die+Europäisierung+der+wissenschaftlichen+Botanik=Ein+Überblick+bis+zum+18.+ Jahrhundert+...................................................................................................................................+5+ ! 2.1! Die+Idee+der+botanischen+Gärten+und+ihre+europäische+Verbreitung+..........................+5! 2.2! Die+Verwissenschaftlichung+des+Pflanzentransfers+im+18.+Jahrhundert+.....................+8! 2.3! Die+europäische+botanische+Gelehrtenrepublik+................................................................+11! 3.!Die+Wiener+Botanik+im+Spiegel+ihrer+Europäisierungstendenz+des+18.+ Jahrhunderts+..............................................................................................................................+17+ ! 3.1! Die+Botanischen+Gärten+des+18.+Jahrhunderts+...................................................................+18! 3.2! Die+Gärten+Wiens=+Entdeckungsfahrten+und+Artenreichtum+........................................+22! 3.3! Nikolaus+Joseph+von+Jacquin+....................................................................................................+27! Praktischer+Teil+.............................................................................................................................+31! 4.!Nikolaus+Joseph+von+Jacquin+als+Akteur+der+europäischen+Gelehrtenrepublik+ des+18.+Jahrhunderts=Analyse+seiner+wissenschaftlichen+Korrespondenz+..........+31+ ! 4.1! Eine+Übersicht+der+Überlieferung:+eine+Momentaufnahme+...........................................+32! 4.2! Die+wissenschaftlichen+Beziehungen+des+Nikolaus+Joseph+von+Jacquin+....................+37! 4.3! Nikolaus+Joseph+von+Jacquin+als+europäischer+Gelehrter=Ein+egozentriertes++ Netzwerk+.........................................................................................................................................+41! 5.!Analyse+ausgewählter+Korrespondenzen+........................................................................+51+ ! 5.1! Carl+von+Linné+................................................................................................................................+54! 5.2! Albrecht+von+Haller+......................................................................................................................+61! 5.3! Johann+Andreas+Murray+.............................................................................................................+66! 5.4! Peter+Simon+Pallas+.......................................................................................................................+69! 6.!Resümee=Wie+europäisch+war+die+Wiener+Botanik+zur+Zeit+Nikolaus+Joseph+von+ Jacquins?+.....................................................................................................................................+74! 7.!Literatur=und+Quellenverzeichnis+......................................................................................+76! 8.!Abstract+.......................................................................................................................................+86! 9.!Verzeichnis+der+untersuchten+Korrespondenzen+.........................................................+88! ! +++++9.1+ +Gesamtkorrespondenz+ +++++9.2+ +Carl+von+Linné+ +++++9.3+ +Albrecht+von+Haller+ +++++9.4+ +Johann+Andreas+Murray+ +++++9.5+ +Simon+Peter+Pallas+ ! V! ! VI! 1. Einleitung Bereits im Wintersemester 2015/2016 habe ich mich im Rahmen des Seminars „Europäische Expansion, Akkulturation, Globalisierung“ der beiden Lehrenden Univ. Doz. Dr. Gottfried Liedl sowie ao. Univ.-Prof. i.R. Dr. Peter Feldbauer mit dem Globalisierungsgrad der Wiener Botanik des 18. Jahrhundert beschäftigt. Die anfängliche Thematisierung der Entwicklung der Botanischen Gärten in Europa sowie der Tendenz zur Bildung eines verzweigten Netzes an wissenschaftlichen botanischen Institutionen mit europäischem und gar globalem Ausmaß bildeten dabei die Grundlage und den Kontext für eine anschließende Behandlung der Wiener Botanik. Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, sein grundlegendes botanisches Wirken in Wien sowie seine bedeutenden wissenschaftlichen Kontakte wurden dabei bereits kurz hervorgehoben.1 Nachdem sich mir auf dieser Grundlage neue Themenfelder und Fragestellungen innerhalb dieses Schwerpunktes eröffnet haben, liegt nun im Rahmen meiner Masterarbeit des Studiums der „Historisch-Kulturwissenschaftlichen Europaforschung“ eine detaillierte Analyse des europaweiten wissenschaftlichen Netzwerks des Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin nahe. Dies, da die Beschäftigung mit diesem Botaniker eine tiefergreifende Beantwortung der im Mittelpunkt stehenden Forschungsfrage der Arbeit, nämlich jener nach dem Grad wissenschaftlicher europäischer Integration der Wiener Botanik des 18. Jahrhunderts, erhoffen lässt. So habe ich mich in den auf die Seminararbeit folgenden Monaten intensiv mit der Person Jacquins auseinandergesetzt und dabei besonderes Augenmerk auf seinen umfangreichen Briefverkehr gelegt. Die anfängliche Idee einer vollständigen Analyse der Korrespondenz, etwa nach dem Beispiel der umfassenden Forschungen betreffend die Person Albrecht von Hallers oder Carl von Linnés, musste jedoch aufgrund der Fülle dieser schnell wieder fallen gelassen werden. So hat die Recherche betreffend die Hauptaufbewahrungsorte seiner Korrespondenz bereits eine Fülle von Briefen im vierstelligen Bereich ergeben, wobei hier kleinere Bestände noch nicht einbezogen wurden. Erschwerend kommt außerdem die große Zerstreuung der Hauptbestände der Korrespondenz in verschiedenen Ländern und Archiven hinzu, darunter zu nennen sind neben verschiedenen Standorten in Wien auch die Schweiz, England, Schweden und Deutschland. Die Untersuchung des gesamten Korrespondenznetzwerkes würde somit den Rahmen einer Masterarbeit bei Weitem sprengen, sodass hier im Folgenden nur ein vorläufiger quantitativer Überblick über die Korrespondenz !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1 Marion LADURNER, Die Globalisierung der Pflanzenwelt-Botanische Gärten im Spiegel der Globalisierung am Beispiel Wiens bis 1800, Seminararbeit, Wien, Wintersemester 2015/2016. ! 1! des Jacquin sowie die qualitative Analyse ausgewählter Korrespondenzbestände ins Auge gefasst wurde. Dies soll, aufbauend auf ein grundlegendes theoretisches Kapitel zur Thematik, anhand von Parallelen und Vergleichen die Verortung der Wiener Botanik zur Zeit Jacquins innerhalb der europäischen Gelehrtenrepublik exemplarisch aufzeigen. In dem einleitenden theoretischen Teil der Arbeit wird die Geschichte der Europäisierung der Botanik bis ins 18. Jahrhundert umrissen, wobei die Geschichte der Botanischen Gärten sowie die Entstehung eines europazentrierten Systems an Gärten für den Pflanzenimport der Kolonialmächte erläutert wird. Dieser Teil der Arbeit wurde dabei bewusst knapp gehalten und soll den LeserInnen der Arbeit nur die grundlegendsten Strukturen betreffend die Thematik, welche zur Kontextualisierung der nachfolgenden Kapitel unerlässlich sind, nahelegen. Die Kürze dieser Erläuterungen ergibt sich dabei aus dem Wunsch etwaige Redundanzen mit der bereits genannten Seminararbeit möglichst gering zu halten. Die anschließend thematisierte Entstehung der europäischen Gelehrtenrepublik im botanischen Sinne sowie die Hervorhebung der grundlegende Bedeutung von Briefwechseln unter Botanikern des 18. Jahrhunderts wird im Gegensatz dazu ausführlicher erläutert werden, stellt diese doch ein Novum
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