Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19085-6 — Hammer and Silicon Sheila M
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19085-6 — Hammer and Silicon Sheila M. Puffer , Daniel J. McCarthy , Daniel M. Satinsky Index More Information Index AbbVie, 94, 207, 225, 287, 348 American or American-homeland ABBYY, 138, 143, 183, 184, 364, 378 identity, 325–334, 338–339 Abrikosov, Alexey, 213 American-Russian Biomedical Research academic and industry settings, 199, Foundation, 135 200–208 American-Russian identity, 327, Academy of Sciences, 70, 79 332–333 Acceleron Pharma, 50, 134, 223, 354 American Society of Mechanical Acronis, 138, 169, 178, 179, 359, 378 Engineers, 200 Act Prohibiting the Importation of Amgen, 161, 182 Slaves (1807), 110 Amorsa Therapeutics, 159 Acumatica, 179 Ampex, 10 Ad Words Display at Google, 218, Analog Devices, 307 299, 343 Andreessen, Marc, 166 Adamian, Maria, 359 Andreessen Horowitz, 166 Advira, 207 Andropov, Yury, 53, 57 Advirna, 74, 347 Animation Magic, 152, 230 African Americans, 375 Animatron, 133, 296 Agency for Technology Transfer, 138 anti-Semitism Agouron Pharmaceuticals, 161 emigration and, 88, 379 Ajamyan, Tatul, 144, 363–364 informal institutions, 56–64 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, interviewee experiences, 121 206 policies, 35 Alexander I, 67 Soviet mathematics and, 85, 86–88 Alexievich, Svetlana, 33, 377 summary of, 376 Alimzhanov, Marat, 50, 134–135, Apple, 10, 42, 132, 217, 220, 232, 233, 223–224, 354 281, 306, 354, 378 All Soviet Union Olympiads, 75, Applied Bio-Systems, 210 76, 87 Aristarkhov, Alexander, 210–211, 243 All-Union Communist Party, 69 Armenia, 46, 103, 137 All-Union Leninist Young Communist Armenian identity, 338–339, 340 League, 69 Asian immigration, 106 Almaz Capital Partners, 179 Asset Management Company, 182 Alta Ventures, 177 Association of Scientific Societies of Alterra, 74, 81, 162, 284, 313, 360 Russia, 135 Altisource Labs, 220, 335 AstraZeneca, 223 American Business Association of Atlas Venture, 154 Russian-speaking Professionals AT&T, 152 (AmBar), 164, 186, 263, 272, 273, Auriga, 85, 130, 378 275, 311–312 Autodesk, 154 American-Jewish identity, 331–332 AVentures, 194 396 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19085-6 — Hammer and Silicon Sheila M. Puffer , Daniel J. McCarthy , Daniel M. Satinsky Index More Information Index 397 Avnet, 9 Boinagrov, David, 82–83, 245–246, Azerbaijan, 136 350–351 Azores and Netherlands Refugee Act Bolashak program, 102 (1958), 376 Bolgov, Dennis, 173–175, 256, 286, 347 B-1/B-2 visas, 144 Bolshevik Party, 44, 68 Babson College, 156, 171, 176 Bolshevik Revolution, 8, 12, 67 baby boomers, 32 Bolsheviks, 389 Baghdasaryan, Davit, 142, 226–227, Boston Biocom, 159, 214 266, 305–306, 387–388 Boston Business Journal, 172 Bakulev Center for Cardiovascular Boston-Cambridge Networking Surgery in Moscow, 222 Organizations, 274–276 Balk, Igor, 175–176, 364–365 Boston Children’s Hospital, 222 Ballets Russes Arts Initiative, 328 Boston Market, 243 Baltic countries, 45 Boston Russian Media Group, 62 Baltic State Technological University, Boston Scientific, 182 95 Boston Tech Stars, 194 banned books, 40 Boston University, 212, 224, 246 Barclays, 63 Boston University Law School, 177 Baren-Boym Company, 50, 295 Boston University’s National Emerging Barenboym, Daniel, 274, 312–313, Infectious Disease Laboratory, 205 318, 331 brain drain, 88–91, 100–104, 122–123, Barenboym, Michael, 50, 295–296, 137 302 Braveleaf, 329 Baron, Eugene, 265, 282–283, 299, 308 Brezhnev, Leonid, 23, 59, 62, 80, 306 Battery Ventures, 78, 129, 382, 393 Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 146, Bauman Moscow State Technical 221 University, 80 Broad Institute, 205, 221 Baxter, 176, 182 Brookhaven National Laboratory, 162 Bazhenova, Olga, 303 Brown University, 79, 216 Behind the Factory Walls: Decision Bruck, Jehoshua, 95 Making in Soviet and Buff, Eugene, 317–318 US Enterprises (Lawrence et al), 4 Bulychev, Alexey, 52, 72–73, 341 Belarus, 103, 137 Burkov, Sergei, 74, 81–82, 162–163, Belarusian Institute of Technology, 77 256, 284, 313–314, 360 Beloussov, Serguei, 178–180, 359 Bushoy, Alex, 129, 242–243, 327 Berdnikov, Boris, 53–54, 300–301, BusinessWeek, 169 355–356 Best of Comdex, 217 California Institute of Technology, 258 Bilbo Innovations, 162 Calligrapher Technology Group, 217 Bilogorskiy, Nick, 48, 234–236, 355 Cambridge Innovation Center, 55, 331 Biomedical Imaging Solutions, 39, 361 Capital Multimedia, 152 BioProcess Cell Culture at GE Carnegie, Dale, 282, 308 Healthcare, 83 Carnegie Mellon University West, 96 biotech startups, 156–162, 180–183, Case Western University, 256 200–216 CBS, 9 Bodovski, Katerina, 32 CellularSelf, 219 Boeing, 137 Cendant Software, 152 Boguslavsky, Eugene, 128, 219–220, Center for Imaging and Pharmaceutical 267, 300, 326 Research, 200 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19085-6 — Hammer and Silicon Sheila M. Puffer , Daniel J. McCarthy , Daniel M. Satinsky Index More Information 398 Index Center for Integration of Medicine and CompleteCase.com, 170 Innovative Technologies, 158 complexity and identity influences, Center for Pharmaceutical 351–358 Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Computervision, 153 200 Connecticut College, 238 Center for Redox Medicine, 380 Cornell University, 162 Central Tuberculosis Research Council of People’s Commissars, 68 Institute, 206 Coursmos, 96, 311, 364 centralized command economy, 41–44 Craigslist, 186 Charles River Software, 153 creative freedom, 281 Charron, David, 185 Crooke, Graham, 182 Chekholko, Alexander, 269 cross-cultural competency, 277–278 Chekhov Number 55 language school, crowdfunding campaigns, 194 79 cryptocurrency, 166 Children’s Hospital in Boston, 382–383 Cuban Adjustment Act (1966), 112, Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), 110, 375 376 Chinese laborers in the West, 109 cultural adaptation ChooChee, 164 introduction to, 238 Cipolla, John, 257 to language, 245–246 Cisco, 145, 188, 229, 268, 303, 360 living conditions and circumstances, Citibank, 133, 293 242–245 Citrix, 164 mentors and role models, 247–262 Clark University, 91 networking, 262–271 ClearChannel, 219 professional networking Cleveland Clinic, 208, 383 organizations, 272–276 Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 208 social support, 246–247 Clickdealer, 197 US educational system/workplace, CoachUp, 40, 282 238–242 Cohen, Daniel, 316 cultural-cognitive institutions, 22 Coingyft, 87, 325 Cupid, plc, 196 Cold War, 33, 105, 106, 107, 115, 152 Custom Learning Designs, 55, 345 Collective Learning, 312, 331 Cybiko, 183–184 Columbia University, 257 Cyphort, 48, 234, 236, 355 commercialization, 101 Czarist Boy Scouts, 69 communication Czarist educational system, 66–67 industry startups, 152–155, 162–178, 183–194, 216–221 D’Amore, Rich, 154 introduction to, 298 Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 209 nonverbal communication, 306–309 Databrain, 197 Second Wave, 216–221 deinstitutionalization, 35, 45, 50 telecommunications, 167 del Nido, Pedro, 222, 223 verbal communication, 298–306 Delta Star, 84, 331 communism Dental Photonics, 156 capitalism, 43 Design by Light, 131, 362, 392 entrepreneurship and, 46, 49 Deutsche Bank, 143, 231, 232 formal institutions, 48–54 Dezhina, Irina, 89, 100 impact of, 43 DFJ VTB Aurora, 130, 361 informal institutions, 54–64 Dharmacon Products, 206 youth organizations, 48 Discover magazine, 205 Communist Party, 22, 86 Disney, 166 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19085-6 — Hammer and Silicon Sheila M. Puffer , Daniel J. McCarthy , Daniel M. Satinsky Index More Information Index 399 Dnepropetrovsk National University, entrepreneurship. See also US 188, 195 innovation economy Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 202 communism and, 46, 49 Doronichev, Andrey, 42, 145, 242, 300 first experiences of, 213 dual citizenship, 334–335 general measure of progress, 3 Dukach, Semyon, 194 immigrant experiences of, 31–32, Dulance, 163 176, 214, 247, 279–280, 387–388 Dunayev, Alexei, 94, 261–262, in Soviet successor states, 272 288–289, 350 study of, 171, 185, 236, 275, 288, Dvornikova, Anna, 164, 273–274, 328 361 of teachers and professors, 253 E-2 visa, 145 transition to, 387–388 Earth Observing System (EOS), 197 in Ukraine, 155 EB-1 visa, 145 Entrepreneurship Intensity Program, Ecamb, 359 156 economic growth, 2 EPAM Systems, 137, 143, 231, 304, educational institutions in the Soviet 337, 378 Union Epiphan Systems, 53, 81, 167 anti-Semitism, 85, 86–88 E.piphany, 154 brain drain, 88–91, 100–104 Epix Medical, 158 Czarist educational system, 66–67 Epstein, Slava, 39–40, 118–120, emigration and anti-Semitism, 88 204–205 goals of, 70 Esenin-Volpin, Alexander, 86 government role in, 92–93 ethnic identity, 389–391 intellectual recruitment, 93–97 European Union, 107 introduction to, 52–54, 65–66 Evernote, 217, 378 mathematics role in, 84–86 Everon Biosciences, 58, 72, 160, 161 new youth organizations, 68–69 Everson, Iryna, 47, 253, 262, 291, objectives of, 67–68 302–303, 340 ongoing reform, 99–100 overview of, 70–71 F-1 visa, 256 Russian outreach to diaspora, 98–99 Facebook, 10, 128, 172, 186, 192–193, special schools, 71–79 219, 220, 235–236, 267, 296, 300, stratification and hierarchy of, 79–84 326, 340, 378 educational system (US) adaptation, Fairchild Semiconductor, 2 238–242 family and culture, 54–56 effective leadership, 279 family reunification, 111 Eliseev, Alexey, 213–215, 255, Fayngersh, Irina, 211–212, 343–344 286–287, 336 Fayngersh, Michael, 84, 331 Eliseeva, Maria, 213, 380–381, Feldchtein, Felix, 130–131, 332 390–391 Finance Alpha LLC, 94, 356 EMC, 137 first-language maintenance, 32 emigration and anti-Semitism, 88, 379 First Wave immigration emigration and institutions, 378–383 emigration and, 379 Emory University, 213, 255 emigration and anti-Semitism, 88 Engelhardt Institute of Molecular interviews, 58, 118–122 Biology, 223 other industry startups, 155–156 Engle, Jerry, 185 overview, 10–11, 38, 107 Enspire-Medica, 159 political refugees, 112–114 Entangled Solutions, 75, 94, 350 research scientist in engineering, 200 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19085-6 — Hammer and Silicon Sheila M. Puffer , Daniel J. McCarthy , Daniel M.