DOCSLIB.ORG

Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene) Near Lost Bridge, Dunn County, West-Central North Dakota Bradley D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene) Near Lost Bridge, Dunn County, West-Central North Dakota Bradley D University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1981 Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Sentinel Butte formation (Paleocene) near Lost Bridge, Dunn County, west-central North Dakota Bradley D. Nesemeier University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Nesemeier, Bradley D., "Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Sentinel Butte formation (Paleocene) near Lost Bridge, Dunn County, west-central North Dakota" (1981). Theses and Dissertations. 209. https://commons.und.edu/theses/209 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. -I STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE SENTINEL B{JTTE FORMATION (PALEOCENE) NEAR LOST- BRIDGE, DUNN· COUNTY, WEST-CENTRAL NORTH DAKCY:rA by Bradley D. Nesemeier A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Grand Forks, North Dakota May 1981 GEOLOGY LIBRARY Uilnrelty of Mort• D1bt, \ This thesis submitted by Bradley D. Nesemeier in partial fullfill­ ment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science from the University of North Dakota is hereby approved by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done. This thesis meets the standards for appearance and conforms to the style and format requirements of the Graduate School of the University of North Dakota, and is hereby ap,iroved. ii 53GZB7 l ! I Permission T itle____ ...,S""'t""r""a-=-ti,.,g,_,r-"'a""p"-h'-'y~ ..:c:a.:.:n"'d'-"'S"'e"'d""im=e"'n"'to=lo::cg.._y.,__,o"'f'-"th"-e"--'S"'e"'n"'t"i'-'n:::.e.:;.l...,B"'u"'t'°"te:::._ __ _ Formation (Pa,leocene) Near Lost Bridge, Dunn County, West-Central North Dakota Department __.:Gce.e=o"'l ="------------------------ Degree Master of Science In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the Library of this University shall n\ake it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permis.sion for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in his absence, by the Chairman of the Department or the Dean of the Graduate School. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part therof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also under­ stood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. s ignature__,r..,.b=_·,c,,__d_·_· _. _'-;7J~.c;;._'.e_;,~---'-='-"-_.., Date iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. V LIST OF TABLES . • • vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . viii ABSTRACT •••• ix INTRODUCTION. 1 METHODS •••• 5 GENERAL STRATIGRAPHY. 8 DETAlLED STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY • • 12 DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS • 45 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS • 55 APPENDIX •••• 58 APPENDIX I. PIPETTE AND SETTLING-TUBE TECHNIQUE OF GRAIN-SIZE ANALYSIS OF FINE SEDIMENTS • • 59 REFERENCES ••• 63 ? r' I 'r I i iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Plate I. Cross Section of Measured Sections I A-1 Through A-6 •••.••..•• back cover I Figure .1. Location of Study Area and Measured I Sections A-1 Through A-6 •••• .. .. .. .. "' . .. 3 2. Key Marker Beds and Study Interval in the I Sentinel Butte Format ion. .. .. .. .. 10 I' 3. Silicified Stumps in Growth I'os ition in a Clayey Silt Bed Above the Upper "Yellow" Bed Near Measured Section A-3 (Plate I). 14 't i 4. Cyclic Sequences in the Study Area .••. 17 5. Cross-Stratification in Measured Section A-3 • 21 6. Large-Scale and Small-Scale Sedimentary I Structures in the Study Area • • • • • • • 23 I 7. Elongate Concretion Trends and Dip Direction of Fore set Beds of Cross-Strata in the Study Area • • .. .. .. • .. .. • • .. .. • .. • .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. 25 8. Trace of Sand Bed B (Plate I) with Dip Direction of Fore set Beds of Large-Scale Cross-Strata, and Trends of Elongate Concretions in Bed B . 27 9. Plot of Graphic Means (Folk 1968) of 13 Samples from Sand Bed B (Plate I) • • • • • • • • • • 29 10. Plot of Graphic Mean (Folk 1968) of 8 Samples from Sand Bed E (Plate I) . • . • . ••• . .. .. .. .. .. 31 V 11. Plot of Graphic Means (F'olk 1968) of 9 Samples from Sand Bed F (Plate I) • • • • • • • • • 33 12 • Triangular Plot of Sand Size Components for Samples from Sand Beds A, B, C, E, and F (Plate I) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . .. 36 13. A Set of 'i'ypical Diffractograms from a Clay Bed near the Base of Measured Section A-1 (Plate I) 42 14. Model for Ds,position of Tabular Sa,nd Beds by a Meandering River • • . • • . • • • • • . • • • . .. " . 15. A .Depression in the Light Colored Lower "Yellow" Marker Bed Filled with Darker Colored Flood­ basin Silt's and Separated by a Thin Lignite· Bed· (Plate· I) -......................- ....... '°" •• 53 vi LIST or TABLES Table. 1. Composition of the Sand Fraction ln Beds A, B, C, E, and r • • . - • ... .. .. ,.,, .. ~ .. .. .. .. .. 38 I vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee members, Drs. Alan M. C.vancara, Walter L. Moore, and Gerald H. Groenewold, for the.Ir help and advice in preparing this paper. I would also like to thank Dr. Arthur F. Jacob for·his advice and encouragement that led me to undertake this study. I My appreciation ls extended to the Tribal Business Councll of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation and to the Emerson Chase family, who ! granted me permission to work on the Reservation. i Richard N. Spaeth, a fellow graduate student, should also be I commended for assistance he rendered while in the field. Special thanks go to my parents, Mr. and Mrs. Dale C. Nesemeier, and the North Dakota State Geological Survey for financial support without which this study would not have been possible. viii ABSTRACT The Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene) near Lost Bridge, Dunn I County, west-central North Dakota, is 190 meters thick, and is charac­ terized by four main lithologies: sand, silt, clay, and lignite. The study interval is ISO meters thick, and lies between the basal sand of the I . formation and the Bullion Butte lignite bed, neither of which are exposed in the immediate study area. Sand, gray to yellow, makes up about 3S% of the interval studied. It occurs in tabular beds 2-18 meters thick. It I is fine to very-fine, angular, and composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, with minor amounts of biotite ,. chlorite, and organic materials. Sand beds become finer grained from bottom to top, are poorly to very poorly sorted, and have an erosional base. Large-scale cross­ strata are visible in the lower and middle parts of the sand beds, and small-scale cross-strata are usually abundant in upper parts of the beds. Sand beds w_ere deposited by meandering rivers as indicated by their tabular and U shapes, sedimentary structures, and textural analysis. Paleocurrent data suggest a general southeasterly stream flow. Silt, light yellow to grayish brown, makes up about 40% of the formation and occurs l.n beds 1-15 meters thick. Small-scale cross-strata ix and plant remains are common. Fossil gastropods and pelecypods indi­ cate a freshwater origin. Climbing ripple cross-strata, sand lenses, sillclfied stumps found in growth position, and iron-rich concretions with organic centers are evidence of a natural-levee environment for light-colored silt beds. A floodbasin environment is indicated for darker­ colored silt beds that are finer-grained, contain abundant plant debris, and are associated with clay and lignite beds. Clay, gray to brown, makes up about 15% of the formation and occurs in beds up to 5 meters thick. Plant remains and carbonaceous materials are abundant. Montmorillonite, mica, kaolinite, and chlorite are the principal clay minerals. The dark color, organic matter, and association with ligntte beds indicate a lower floodbasin environment of deposition for the clay beds. Lignite beds are black, hard, blocky, woody-textured, and are found associated with brown to black, soft, clayey, carbonaceous debris. Most lignite beds are 1 meter or less thick, are excellent aquifers and enhance vegetation growth. Because lignite beds have a woody texture and are associated with floodbasln deposits and fluvial sands, they probably have resulted from peat accumulation in the lowest areas on the floodbasin between major streams. X INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the depositional environments of the exposed portions of the Sentinel Butte Formation near Lost Bridge in Dunn County, west-central North Dakota. This involved studying the. sedimentology and stratigraphy of the outcrops. This area was chosen because of excellent formation exposures and lack of previous deta !led study. Early work on the Sentinel Butte Formation was a study of coal land by the. United States Geological Survey in the. early 1900s (Campbell 1916). Since then, economic interest in the lignite-bearing strata has increased to a point where oil and coal companies are presently spending considerable effort exploring for lignite resources, Environmental impact studies are now popular and private companies, state and federal agencies, and the public are involved with them. The most recent work on the Sentinel Butte Formation was done by Royse (1967a, 1967b, 1970), Cherven (1973), Johnson (1973}, Hemish (1975}, Moran et al. (1978), Groenewold et al. (1979), and Brekke (1979).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Status of Mineral Resource Information for the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, North Dakota
    STATUS OF MINERAL RESOURCE INFORMATION FOR THE FORT BERTHOLD INDIAN RESERVATION, NORTH DAKOTA By Bradford B. Williams Mary E. Bluemle U.S. Bureau of Mines N. Dak. Geological Survey Administrative report BIA-40 1978 CONTENTS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1 Area Location and Access .................................................... 1 Past Investigations .......................................................... 2 Present Study and Acknowledgments ........................................... 2 Land Status................................................................ 2 Physiography .............................................................. 3 GEOLOGY ..................................................................... 4 Stratigraphy ............................................................... 4 Subsurface .......................................................... 4 Surface ............................................................. 4 General ....................................................... 4 Bullion Creek and Sentinel Butte Formations ......................... 8 Golden Valley Formation......................................... 9 Cole Harbor Formation .......................................... 9 Structure................................................................. 10 MINERAL RESOURCES ......................................................... 11 General .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Theodore Roosevelt National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Theodore Roosevelt National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2007/006 THIS PAGE: The Little Missouri River flows near the Juniper Campground in the North Unit of Theodore Roosevelt NP, ND. ON THE COVER: View from the Oxbow Overlook Theodore Roosevelt NP, ND. Photos by: Dave Krueger Theodore Roosevelt National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/WASO/NRPC/GRD—2007/006 Geologic Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center P.O. Box 25287 Lakewood, Colorado 80225 June 2007 U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer- reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. Examples of the diverse array of reports published in this series include vital signs monitoring plans; "how to" resource management papers; proceedings of resource management workshops or conferences; annual reports of resource programs or divisions of the Natural Resource Program Center; resource action plans; fact sheets; and regularly- published newsletters.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologica Acta, Vol.4, N°4, 2006, 409-438 |415| Ce
    'geológica FOmS^Y ACTA GEOLÓGICA HISPAfilCA Geológica acta: an international earth science journal Universidad de Barcelona [email protected] ISSN (Versión impresa): 1695-6133 ESPAÑA 2006 C.C. Labandeira THE FOUR PHASES OF PLANT-ARTHROPOD ASSOCIATIONS IN DEEP TIME Geológica acta: an international earth science journal, december, año/vol. 4, número 004 Universidad de Barcelona Barcelona, España pp. 409-438 Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal ®re¿!alyc^ Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México http://redalyc.uaemex.mx Geológica Acta, Vol.4, N° 4, 2006, 409-438 Appendix l-IX geología acta Available online at www.geologica-acta.com The Four Phases of Plant-Arthropod Associations in Deep Time C.C. LABANDEIRA |1||2| 111 Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 37012, MRC-121 Department of Paleobiology, Washington, D.C., USA 200137012. E-mail: [email protected] 121 University of Maryland, Department of Entomology College Park, Maryland, USA 20742 1 ABSTRACT I Vascular-plant hosts, their arthropod herbivores, and associated functional feeding groups are distributed spa- tiotemporally into four major herbivore expansions during the past 420 m.y. They are: (1) a Late Silurian to Late Devonian (60 m.y.) phase of myriapod and apterygote, hexapod (perhaps pterygote) herbivores on several clades of primitive vascular-plant hosts and a prototaxalean fungus; (2) a Late Mississippian to end-Permian (85 m.y.) phase of mites and apterygote and basal pterygote herbivores on pteridophyte and basal gymnospermous plant hosts; (3) a Middle Triassic to Recent (245 m.y.) phase of mites, orthopteroids (in the broadest sense) and hemipteroid and basal holometabolan herbivores on pteridophyte and gymnospermous plant hosts; and (4) a mid Early Cretaceous to Recent (115 m.y.) phase of modern-aspect orthopteroids and derived hemipteroid and holometabolous herbivores on angiospermous plant hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene) in South-Central Williams County, North Dakota
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1992 The trs atigraphy and sedimentology of the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene) in south-central Williams County, North Dakota Wesley D. Peck University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Peck, Wesley D., "The trs atigraphy and sedimentology of the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene) in south-central Williams County, North Dakota" (1992). Theses and Dissertations. 221. https://commons.und.edu/theses/221 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE SENTINEL BUTTE FORMATION (PALEOCENE) IN SOUTH-CENTRAL WILLIAMS COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA by Wesley D. Peck Bachelor of Science, North Dakota State University, 1987 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Grand Forks, North Dakota August 1992 r This thesis, submitted by Wesley D. Peck in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of ·Master of Science from the University of North Dakota, has been read by the Faculty Advisory committee under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. (Chairperson) This thesis meets the standards for appearance, conforms to the style and format requirements of the Graduate School of the University of North Dakota, and is hereby approved.
    [Show full text]
  • Synorogenic Basin Deposits and Associated Laramide Uplifts in the Montana Part of the Cordilleran Foreland Basin System
    SYNOROGENIC BASIN DEPOSITS AND ASSOCIATED LARAMIDE UPLIFTS IN THE MONTANA PART OF THE CORDILLERAN FORELAND BASIN SYSTEM Susan M. Vuke Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Butte, Montana ABSTRACT The North American Cordilleran Foreland Basin System extended from the eastern edge of the Cordilleran Sevier fold-thrust belt in western Montana across central and eastern Montana from Jurassic into early Paleo- gene time. In the central and southern Montana part of the system, isolated Laramide basement-cored uplifts and sedimentary basin pairs characterize the main Laramide Province. The thrust/reverse fault-propagated arches and basins of the province developed primarily during Late Cretaceous through earliest Eocene time, although regionally, initiation of uplift may have occurred during Early to middle Cretaceous time in southwest- ern Montana. Associated prominent WNW–ESE- and NE–SW-striking linear features refl ect Laramide reactiva- tion of basement faults that now extend to the surface, or are entirely in the subsurface. They occur throughout the main Laramide Province and are likely genetically related to development of the uplift-basin pairs. The asymmetric Laramide Bighorn and Powder River Basins developed in association with uplift along basin-bounding thrust/reverse faults of the Beartooth and Bighorn basement-cored arches, respectively. Thrust loading associated with uplift along the faults propagated asymmetric synclinal basin folds that accommodated the greatest thicknesses of synorogenic deposits adjacent to the range-bounding faults. In Montana, synorogenic deposits of the Bighorn Basin primarily include the Paleocene Fort Union Formation, and those of the Powder River Basin primarily include the Paleocene Fort Union and Eocene Wasatch Formations.
    [Show full text]
  • Depositional Environments of the Upper Part of the Sentinel Butte Formation, Southeastern Mckenzie County, North Dakota Robert Post Johnson University of North Dakota
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1973 Depositional environments of the upper part of the Sentinel Butte Formation, southeastern McKenzie County, North Dakota Robert Post Johnson University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Johnson, Robert Post, "Depositional environments of the upper part of the Sentinel Butte Formation, southeastern McKenzie County, North Dakota" (1973). Theses and Dissertations. 150. https://commons.und.edu/theses/150 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. })£POSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE UPPER PART OF THE SENTINEL BUTTE F0R1'1ATI0N, SOUTHEASTERN MCKENZIE COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA by lobert Post Johnson Bachelor of Philosophy, University of North Dakota, 1970 A Thes.is Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Grand Forks, North Dakota May 1973 This thesis submitted by Robert Post Johnson in partial ful­ fillment of the requi=a~ents for the Degree of Master of Science from the University of North Dakota is hereby approved by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done. ii Permission DEPOSITIONAL ENVIR0~11ENTS OF THE UPPER PART OF THE SENTINEL Title BUTTE FORMATION, SOUTHEASTER...~ MCKENZIE COUNTY, NORtH DAKOTA Degree~~~~-M_a_s_t_e_r__ o_f ___ S_c_i_e_n~c_e __ ~--~------~--~--~~--------~ In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the Library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Union (Paleocene) Mollusks from Southern Golden Valley and Southeastern Billings Counties, North Dakota John J
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1969 Fort Union (Paleocene) mollusks from southern Golden Valley and southeastern Billings counties, North Dakota John J. Delimata University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Delimata, John J., "Fort Union (Paleocene) mollusks from southern Golden Valley and southeastern Billings counties, North Dakota" (1969). Theses and Dissertations. 72. https://commons.und.edu/theses/72 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FORT UNION (PALEOCENE) MOLLUSKS FROM SOUTHERN GOLDEN VALLEY AND SOUTHEASTERN BILLINGS COUNTIESt NORTH DAKOTA by John J. Delimata B. S. in Geologyt University of Illinois 1966 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of t.he requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Grand Forkst North Dakota June 1969 ~ "':' ~::-~·~; ~ {, .. This Thesis submitted by John J. Delimata in partial ful­ fillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science from the University of North Dakota ,is hereby approved by the Fa• culty Advisory Cotmnittee under whom the work has been done. Dean of the Graduate School it Permission Title Fort Union (Paleocen~ Mollusks from Southern Golden Valley and Southeastern Billings Counties, North Dakota Department --'G_e_o_l_o_gy...._ __~--~------------------------------------~--­ Degree Master of Science In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the re­ ·quirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Da­ kota, I agree that the Library of this University shall make it free­ ly available for inspection.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrology of the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene), North Dakota Nels F
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1985 Petrology of the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene), North Dakota Nels F. Forsman University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Forsman, Nels F., "Petrology of the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene), North Dakota" (1985). Theses and Dissertations. 96. https://commons.und.edu/theses/96 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PETROLOGY OF THE SENTINEL BUTTE FORMATION (PALEOCENE), NORTH DAKOTA by Nels F. Forsman Bachelor of Science, University of North Dakota, 197ij Master of Science, University of Houston, 1978 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the . University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Grand Forks, North Dakota May 1985 This Dissertation submitted by Nels F. Forsman in partial fullfillrnent of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of North Dakota is hereby approved by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done. This Dissertation meets the standards for appearance and conforms to the style and format requirements of the Graduate School of the University of North Dakota, and is hereby approved. Dean of the Graduate School Permission Title Petrology of the Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene), North Dakota Department Geology--------------------------- Degree Doctor of Philosophy In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the Library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogy and Chemistry of Clay-Rich Sediments in the Contact
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1979 Mineralogy and chemistry of clay-rich sediments in the contact zone of the Bullion Creek and Sentinel Butte Formations (Paleocene), Billings County, North Dakota David W. Brekke University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Brekke, David W., "Mineralogy and chemistry of clay-rich sediments in the contact zone of the Bullion Creek and Sentinel Butte Formations (Paleocene), Billings County, North Dakota" (1979). Theses and Dissertations. 36. https://commons.und.edu/theses/36 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MINERALOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF CLAY-RICH SEDIMENTS IN THE CONTACT ZONE OF THE BULLION CREEK AND SENTINEL BUTTE FORMATIONS (PALEOCENE), BILLINGS COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA by David W, Brekke Bachelor of Science, North Dakota State University, 1973 I A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota May 1979 This thesis submitted by David W. Brekke in partial fulfillment, cf the requirements fer the Degree cf Master cf Arts from the University of North Dakota is hereby approved by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done.
    [Show full text]
  • Em[Ginkgo Gomolitzkyana N. Nosova, Sp. Nov. Из Среднею
    УДК 561.46:551.762 Палеоботаника. 2012. Т. 3. С. 62—91 ЖЕНСКИЕ РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ СТРУКТУРЫ GINKGO GOMOLITZKYANA N. NOSOVA, SP. NOV. ИЗ СРЕДНЕЮРСКИХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ АНГРЕНА (УЗБЕКИСТАН) Н. В. Носова Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН, Санкт-Петербург Впервые из юрских отложений Средней Азии (Узбекистан, Ангрен) описаны женские репродук- тивные структуры Ginkgo. Выделен новый вид — Ginkgo gomolitzkyana N. Nosova, sp. nov. Изучено эпи- дермальное строение воротничка, расположенного в основании семязачатка, а также строение на- ружной и внутренней эпидермы интегумента, эпидермы нуцеллуса и строение мегаспоровой мем- браны семязачатков (семян). Ключевые слова: Ginkgo, семязачатки, семена, интегумент, нуцеллус, мегаспоровая мембрана, кутикула, средняя юра, Узбекистан. ВВЕДЕНИЕ В течение последних трех десятилетий описано несколько хорошо сохранившихся ископаемых женских репродуктивных структур Ginkgo L. В мезозое выделено три вида из средней юры и один — из раннего мела. Среднеюрские виды описаны из Китая — Ginkgo yimaensis Zhou et Zhang (Zhou, Zhang, 1989) и Ginkgo sp. (Deng et al., 2004), и Швеции — G. ginkgoidea (Tralau) Yang, Friis et Zhou (Yang et al., 2008). Раннемеловой вид — G. apodes Zheng et Zhou (Zheng, Zhou, 2004) — происходит из Китая. Все мезозойские виды найдены в ассоциации с сильно рассеченными листьями Ginkgo и Ginkgoites. В отличие от юрских и меловых видов единственный палеоценовый гинкго с изученными женскими репродуктивными структурами — G. cranei Zhou, Quan et Liu из США — найден совместно с цельнокрайными листьями Ginkgo (Crane et al., 1990; Zhou et al., 2012). Исследование ископаемых находок женских репродуктивных структур Ginkgo значительно расширило представление о разно- образии Ginkgoales и внесло заметный вклад в решение вопросов эволюции гинкговых (Zhou, 1991; Zhou, 1997; Zhou, 2009; Zhou et al., 2012). Как и у всех голосеменных, семязачаток гинкго состоит из мегаспорангия (нуцеллуса), окружен- ного интегументом.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleontology of the Medora Public Fossil Dig Site (Paleocene: Sentinel Butte Formation), Billings County, North Dakota John W
    Paleontology of the Medora Public Fossil Dig Site (Paleocene: Sentinel Butte Formation), Billings County, North Dakota John W. Hoganson, Jeff J. Person, and Becky Gould Introduction While inspecting an abandoned oil well site in 2004 Darrell Formation. The base of the fossil-bearing carbonaceous zone Nodland, at that time a field inspector with the Oil and Gas contains yellow to orange oxidized plant debris. This fossiliferous Division of the North Dakota Industrial Commission, discovered carbonaceous mudstone is overlain by a thinly bedded, gray with fossil bones weathering out of a butte slope, east of Medora. The rust-colored banding, variegated muddy siltstone that is about 3 bones were from a champsosaur, a crocodile-like animal that was feet (1 m) thick. These lithologies indicate initial deposition in a a common inhabitant of ponds and swamps in North Dakota about paludal (swampy) environment that later became a ponded water Theodore Roosevelt National Park. 60 to 55 million years ago. More champsosaur bones were found habitat. Above the variegated strata is a 10-foot- (3-m-) thick when Darrell, Brett Woodward (formerly with the NDGS), and I gray, popcorn weathered claystone. This is the top of the section (JWH) visited the site later that year. Fossil bones from several beneath prairie grasses. kinds of animals other than champsosaurs, including crocodiles and turtles, were also found slowly emerging from a thin but The carbonaceous mudstone is underlain by an indurated, gray extensive bone bed at the site. We were developing our public mudstone that contains plant fossil debris. The origin of these fossil dig program at that time, and I (JWH) felt that this would be sediments was primarily from rivers and streams flowing from the a good site for one of those digs due to the abundance of fossils west.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Ground Water Resources Williams County, North Dakota
    BULLETIN 48 NORTH DAKOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Edwin A . Noble, State Geologis t COUNTY GROUND WATER STUDIES 9 NORTH DAKOTA STATE WATER COMMISSION Milo W. Hoisveen, State Engineer GEOLOGY AND GROUND WATER RESOURCES WILLIAMS COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA PART I — GEOLOGY by Theodore F . Freers Prepared by the North Dakota Geological Survey in cooperatio n with the North Dakota State Water Commission, United State s Geological Survey, and Williams County Board of Commissioners . 1970 This is one of a series of county reports published cooperatively by the North Dakota Geological Survey and the North Dakota State Water Commission . The reports are in three parts; Part I describes the geology, Part II presents ground water basic data, and Part III describes the ground water resources. Parts II and III have been published previously. CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT vi INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose 1 Sources of Information Field methods 1 Acknowledgments 2 Geologic Setting 2 SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY 4 Topographic units 7 Topographic Unit A (Badland) 7 Topographic Unit B (Dissected upland) 8 Topographic Unit C (Level upland) 8 Topographic Unit D (Bottomland) 8 Topographic Unit E (Steep knob and kettle) 9 Topographic Unit F (Steep hills and sloughs) 9 Topographic Unit G (Undulating knob and kettle) 9 Topographic Unit H (Undulating hills and sloughs) 1 2 Topographic Unit I (Intraupland flats) 1 2 SUMMARY OF PRE-TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY 1 2 Precambrian Rocks 1 2 Sauk Sequence 1 3 Tippecanoe Sequence 1 3 Kaskaskia Sequence 1 3 Absaroka Sequence : 1 3 Zuni Sequence 1 4 Tejas Sequence
    [Show full text]