DOCSLIB.ORG

Ginkgoites Patagonica (Berry) Comb. Nov. from the Eocene of Patagonia, Last Ginkgoalean Record in South America Author(S): Liliana Villar De Seoane, N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ginkgoites Patagonica (Berry) Comb. Nov. from the Eocene of Patagonia, Last Ginkgoalean Record in South America Author(S): Liliana Villar De Seoane, N Ginkgoites patagonica (Berry) comb. nov. from the Eocene of Patagonia, Last Ginkgoalean Record in South America Author(s): Liliana Villar de Seoane, N. Rubén Cúneo, Ignacio Escapa, Peter Wilf and María A. Gandolfo, Source: International Journal of Plant Sciences, (-Not available-), p. 000 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/680221 . Accessed: 24/02/2015 19:49 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.118.175.245 on Tue, 24 Feb 2015 19:49:36 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Int. J. Plant Sci. 176(4):000–000. 2015. q 2015 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2015/17603-00XX$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/680221 GINKGOITES PATAGONICA (BERRY) COMB. NOV. FROM THE EOCENE OF PATAGONIA, LAST GINKGOALEAN RECORD IN SOUTH AMERICA Liliana Villar de Seoane,1,* N. Rubén Cúneo,† Ignacio Escapa,† Peter Wilf,‡ and María A. Gandolfo§ *División Paleobotánica, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Av. Angel Gallardo 470 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina; †Museo Paleontológico “Egidio Feruglio,” Av. Fontana 140 (9100), Trelew, Chubut; ‡Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; and §School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA Editor: Michael Dunn Premise of research. The ginkgophytes are an ancient group of gymnosperms with a long history starting during the late Paleozoic and reaching the present with the unique species Ginkgo biloba L. In order to better characterize the early and middle Eocene (ca. 52.2 and 47.7 Ma) leaf species Ginkgo patagonica Berry from northwest Patagonia, Argentina, new specimens were studied, focusing on their morphological and anatomi- cal characters. Methodology. The specimens were studied with LM, epifluorescence, SEM, and TEM. Pivotal results. The diagnosis of the species Ginkgoites patagonica comb. nov. is enlarged to include anatomical and ultrastructural epidermal characters. Herein, the species Ginkgo patagonica is shown to have characteristics that clearly separate it from the genus Ginkgo L., and it is therefore recombined to the genus Ginkgoites Seward. Conclusions. Eocene Ginkgoites patagonica was present in plant communities, and it is the last repre- sentative of a still poorly understood southern ginkgophyte lineage that was distinct from the ancestors of G. biloba of the Northern Hemisphere. Keywords: Ginkgoales, cuticles, early-middle Eocene, Patagonia, Argentina. Introduction only on foliar characters. Discussions on this matter date to the late nineteenth century (see Watson et al. 1999, among The ginkgophytes are an ancient group of gymnosperms others), and as a result, in order to deal with the prolific rec- with a long history starting during the late Paleozoic and ord of Ginkgo-like leaves, Seward (1919) erected the genus reaching the present with the unique species Ginkgo biloba L. Ginkgoites to differentiate many fossil leaves from the mod- (Taylor et al. 2009). Their origin has been associated with ern species Ginkgo biloba. Nevertheless, the morphological Permian families such as the Trichopytiaceae and the Dicra- boundaries of Seward’s concept were not very precise. Debate nophyllaceae, from which true ginkgoaleans are thought to continued on this matter of whether to use other generic fossil have evolved during the Mesozoic (Archangelsky and Cúneo names or the genus Ginkgo for isolated fossil leaves (see, e.g., 1990; Stewart and Rothwell 1993; Villar de Seoane 1997; Del Harris and Middleton 1974). Some of these disagreements were Fueyo and Archangelsky 2001; Crane 2013; Del Fueyo et al. settled when Ginkgo-like leaves, including Ginkgoites, were 2013). found associated with reproductive structures very different Based on the limited record of reproductive organs, the ge- from those of G. biloba, for example, in Yimaia, Karkenia, and nus Ginkgo L. can be traced back into the Middle Jurassic even Ginkgo, demonstrating a larger past generic diversity (see (Zhou and Zhengh 2003). However, an earlier origin is hy- Del Fueyo and Archangelsky 2001; Zhou et al. 2002, 2012; pothetically possible when considering the high abundance of Zhou and Zheng 2003; see below for additional discussion). isolated Ginkgo-like leaves found in several Permian forma- Herein, a complete morphological, anatomical, and ultra- tions of Argentina (Feruglio 1933, 1942; Cúneo 1987). Unfor- structural cuticle study from new and historic specimens of tunately, there are no methods for attributing isolated Ginkgo- Ginkgo patagonica Berry (1935, 1938) from the Eocene of Pa- like leaves to the living genus Ginkgo with confidence based tagonia is presented. Based on these remains, the species is more properly recombined to the extinct genus Ginkgoites, and its diagnosis is expanded by adding new epidermal characters. 1 Author for correspondence; e-mail: [email protected]. Additionally, hypotheses regarding possible causes for the dis- Manuscript received June 2014; revised manuscript received November 2014; appearance of the ginkgophyte clade from the Southern Hemi- electronically published February 18, 2015. sphere are suggested. 000 This content downloaded from 128.118.175.245 on Tue, 24 Feb 2015 19:49:36 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 000 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES The Ginkgophyte Fossil Record from Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco (Chubut Province) by describ- Southern South America ing the epidermis of several leaves of Ginkgo patagonica us- ing LM. In Argentina, the ginkgophytes, represented by vegetative and reproductive structures, show a continuous record since Carboniferous times. Interestingly, they were never the dom- Material and Methods inant component in any plant community (Del Fueyo et al. 2013). Material The leaf genera Ginkgoites Seward and Ginkgophyllum Specimens were collected from two different localities (fig. 1). (Saporta) Neuburg occur in Carboniferous and Permian strata Geographic and stratigraphic data have been previously given from Patagonia (Feruglio 1933, 1942; Cúneo 1987; Escapa by Wilf et al. (2003, 2005). Specimens from the Laguna del and Cúneo 2003) and northwest of Argentina (Archangelsky Hunco locality in northwestern Chubut Province were collected and Arrondo 1974; Archangelsky and Leguizamón 1980). The from lacustrine caldera sediments belonging to the Tufolitas three Patagonian Permian species, Ginkgoites eximia (Feruglio) Laguna del Hunco (Aragón and Mazzoni 1997). Based on the Cúneo, Ginkgoites crassipes (Feistmantel) Feruglio, and Gink- 40Ar-39Ar ages of three intercalated ash layers aligned with goites feruglioi (Feruglio) Cúneo, look almost identical to mod- two paleomagnetic reversals, this unit is currently assigned ern Ginkgo leaves (Feruglio 1933; Cúneo 1987; Rothwell and to the early Eocene. The most reliable datum is a 40Ar-39Ar age Holt 1997). on sanidine from a tuff yielding a recently recalibrated age During the Triassic, Ginkgoites became more diverse with of 52.2 5 0.22 Ma (Wilf et al. 2003, 2005; Wilf 2012). The several taxa inhabiting Patagonia, such as Ginkgoites dutoitii Laguna del Hunco ginkgophyte leaves are exquisitely pre- Anderson et Anderson, Ginkgoites palmate (Ratte) Gnaedin- served and occur in low percentages in a megaflora domi- ger et Herbst, and Ginkgoites waldeckensis (Anderson et An- nated by dicot leaves and secondarily by conifers (Wilf et al. derson) Gnaedinger et Herbst, all representing leaf impressions 2005). Additional specimens were recently exhumed at the Río from the El Tranquilo Group, Santa Cruz Province (Azcuy and Pichileufú locality in lacustrine deposits of the La Huitrera Baldoni 1990; Gnaedinger and Herbst 1999). Records from Formation that crops out in southwestern Río Negro Province. other areas of Argentina include Ginkgoites truncata Frenguelli Volcanic tuffs immediately above the plant fossils yielded a (1946) from the Potrerillos Formation, Mendoza Province. high-precision 40Ar-39Ar age that was recently recalibrated to The oldest Argentinean record of Ginkgo-like cutinized 47.5 5 0.05 Ma, approximately 4.5 Myr younger than the leaves is the species Ginkgo taeniata Geinitz from the Lower fossil lake beds of the Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco (Wilf et al. Jurassic Paso Flores Formation, Neuquén Province, and it was 2005; Wilf 2012). The ginkgophyte leaves at Río Pichileufú described as having amphistomatic leaves that are divided also occur as a minor component of a highly diversified dicot- into four to eight lobes (Frenguelli 1937). In lower Cretaceous dominated taphoflora (Berry 1938; Wilf et al. 2005). strata, ginkgophyte remains are relatively more common and In this article, several specimens of Ginkgo patagonica were fi diverse in Patagonia. In the Aptian sediments of the An teatro analyzed: (1) the original specimens from Río Pichileufú de- de Ticó Formation (Baqueró
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gymnosperm Foliage from the Upper Triassic of Lunz, Lower Austria: an Annotated Check List and Identification Key
    Geo.Alp, Vol. 7, S. 19–38, 2010 GYMNOSPERM FOLIAGE FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC OF LUNZ, LOWER AUSTRIA: AN ANNOTATED CHECK LIST AND IDENTIFICATION KEY Christian Pott1 & Michael Krings2 With 7 figures and 1 table 1 Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Sektionen för paleobotanik, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] 2 Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, and Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 München, Germany; [email protected] Abstract The famous Lunz flora from Lower Austria is one of the richest and most diverse Late Triassic floras of the Northern He- misphere. The historical outcrops (mainly coal mines) are no longer accessible, but showy fossils can still be collected from natural exposures around the town of Lunz-am-See and from several of the old spoil tips. This paper presents an annotated check list with characterisations of all currently recognised gymnosperm foliage taxa in the Lunz flora. The descriptions are exemplified by illustrations of typical specimens and diagnostic features of the leaf morphology and epidermal anatomy. Moreover, a simple identification key for the taxa based on macromorphological features is provided that facilitates identification of newly collected specimens. 1. Introduction The Carnian (Late Triassic) flora from Lunz in Lo- ments (i.e. reproductive structures) among the fossils wer Austria is one of only a few well-preserved flo- (see e.g., Krasser, 1917, 1919; Kräusel, 1948, 1949, ras from the Alpine Triassic (Cleal, 1993; Dobruskina, 1953; Pott et al., 2010), the most striking feature of 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • IGCP 632, the Jurassic–Cretaceous Transition In
    IGCP 79 IGCP 632, The Jurassic–Cretaceous transition in North Eastern China (western Liaoning and Inner Mongolia): An IGCP meeting and field excursion on the conti- nental Jurassic Jingeng Sha1, Yanhong Pan1, Enpu Gong2, and Vivi Vajda3* 1 LPS, Nanjing Institute of Geology & Paleontology, Nanjing 210008, China 2 Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China 3 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden, *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Exposures of strata spanning the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary been discovered. However, the correlation of the various lithostrati- occur within several basins in western Liaoning and adjacent Inner graphic units in this area is complicated due to patchy exposures and Mongolia. These continental successions host world-renowned plant the scarcity of radiometric constraints, which pose a challenge to researchers and animal fossils including feathered dinosaurs and the oldest flow- working on these deposits. ering plant, Archaeofructus. The first feathered dinosaurs from north- To understand the stratigraphy and context of the Jurassic–Creta- eastern China where found about 20 years ago and created a major ceous biota in Liaoning province, the second IGCP-632 symposium impact in science and the media. Since then, many new specimens have was organized in Liaoning, including a two-day presentation (Sep- Figure 1. (A) Sketch map over the field excursion area in north-eastern China. (B) enlargement of the field region showing the localities of the field stops. Episodes Vol. 40, no. 1 80 intracontinental orogenic system, the Yanshan Movement, and creating a new basin-range system in east Asia. Vivi Vajda presented new results (Peterffy et al., 2015; Vajda et al., 2016) where she compre- hensively analyzed the end-Triassic mass extinc- tion and aftermath and its causal mechanisms, particularly stressing the affects of Jurassic vol- canism in disrupting the major ecosystems but also its importance for fossilization.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jurassic Fossil Wood Diversity from Western Liaoning, NE China
    Jiang et al. Journal of Palaeogeography (2019) 8:1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42501-018-0018-y Journal of Palaeogeography RESEARCH Open Access The Jurassic fossil wood diversity from western Liaoning, NE China Zi-Kun Jiang1,2, Yong-Dong Wang2,3*, Ning Tian4,5, Ao-Wei Xie2,6, Wu Zhang7, Li-Qin Li2 and Min Huang1 Abstract Western Liaoning is a unique region in China that bears diverse types of Jurassic plants, including leaves, fern rhizomes, and wood, providing significant proxy for vegetation and palaeoenvironment reconstruction of the well-known Yanliao Flora in East Asia. In particular, the silicified wood is very abundant in the fossil Lagerstätte of the Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation in Beipiao, western Liaoning. Previous and recent systematic investigations documented a high diversity of the Jurassic wood assemblages. These assemblages are dominated by conifers, followed by cycads and ginkgoaleans. In total, about 30 species belonging to 21 genera of fossil wood have been recorded so far, which are represented by Cycadopsida, Ginkgopsida, Coniferopsida, and Gymnospermae incertae sedis. The evolutionary implications of several distinctive fossil wood taxa as well as palaeoclimate implications are summarized based on their anatomical structures and growth ring patterns. This work approaches the vegetation development and evolutionary significances of the wood taxa and their relatives, and provides clues for the further understanding of the diversity of the Jurassic Yanliao Flora in East Asia. Keywords: Fossil wood, Diversity, Evolution, Tiaojishan Formation, Jurassic 1 Introduction 2004;Wangetal.,2009). Among these localities, western Fossil floras are a significant record for the vegetation Liaoning is a well-known fossil Lagerstätte with diverse and for the palaeoenvironment reconstructions of the and well-preserved fossil plant foliages and wood (Zhang Mesozoic.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Mobility in the Mesozoic Disseminule Dispersal Strategies Of
    Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 515 (2019) 47–69 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Plant mobility in the Mesozoic: Disseminule dispersal strategies of Chinese and Australian Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous plants T ⁎ Stephen McLoughlina, , Christian Potta,b a Palaeobiology Department, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden b LWL - Museum für Naturkunde, Westfälisches Landesmuseum mit Planetarium, Sentruper Straße 285, D-48161 Münster, Germany ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Four upper Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous lacustrine Lagerstätten in China and Australia (the Daohugou, Seed dispersal Talbragar, Jehol, and Koonwarra biotas) offer glimpses into the representation of plant disseminule strategies Zoochory during that phase of Earth history in which flowering plants, birds, mammals, and modern insect faunas began to Anemochory diversify. No seed or foliage species is shared between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere fossil sites and Hydrochory only a few species are shared between the Jurassic and Cretaceous assemblages in the respective regions. Free- Angiosperms sporing plants, including a broad range of bryophytes, are major components of the studied assemblages and Conifers attest to similar moist growth habitats adjacent to all four preservational sites. Both simple unadorned seeds and winged seeds constitute significant proportions of the disseminule diversity in each assemblage. Anemochory, evidenced by the development of seed wings or a pappus, remained a key seed dispersal strategy through the studied interval. Despite the rise of feathered birds and fur-covered mammals, evidence for epizoochory is minimal in the studied assemblages. Those Early Cretaceous seeds or detached reproductive structures bearing spines were probably adapted for anchoring to aquatic debris or to soft lacustrine substrates.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Mineral Resource Information for the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, North Dakota
    STATUS OF MINERAL RESOURCE INFORMATION FOR THE FORT BERTHOLD INDIAN RESERVATION, NORTH DAKOTA By Bradford B. Williams Mary E. Bluemle U.S. Bureau of Mines N. Dak. Geological Survey Administrative report BIA-40 1978 CONTENTS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1 Area Location and Access .................................................... 1 Past Investigations .......................................................... 2 Present Study and Acknowledgments ........................................... 2 Land Status................................................................ 2 Physiography .............................................................. 3 GEOLOGY ..................................................................... 4 Stratigraphy ............................................................... 4 Subsurface .......................................................... 4 Surface ............................................................. 4 General ....................................................... 4 Bullion Creek and Sentinel Butte Formations ......................... 8 Golden Valley Formation......................................... 9 Cole Harbor Formation .......................................... 9 Structure................................................................. 10 MINERAL RESOURCES ......................................................... 11 General .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Theodore Roosevelt National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Theodore Roosevelt National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2007/006 THIS PAGE: The Little Missouri River flows near the Juniper Campground in the North Unit of Theodore Roosevelt NP, ND. ON THE COVER: View from the Oxbow Overlook Theodore Roosevelt NP, ND. Photos by: Dave Krueger Theodore Roosevelt National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Natural Resource Report NPS/WASO/NRPC/GRD—2007/006 Geologic Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center P.O. Box 25287 Lakewood, Colorado 80225 June 2007 U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer- reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. Examples of the diverse array of reports published in this series include vital signs monitoring plans; "how to" resource management papers; proceedings of resource management workshops or conferences; annual reports of resource programs or divisions of the Natural Resource Program Center; resource action plans; fact sheets; and regularly- published newsletters.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin and Early Evolution of Dinosaurs
    Biol. Rev. (2010), 85, pp. 55–110. 55 doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00094.x The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs Max C. Langer1∗,MartinD.Ezcurra2, Jonathas S. Bittencourt1 and Fernando E. Novas2,3 1Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de S˜ao Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir˜ao Preto-SP, Brazil 2Laboratorio de Anatomia Comparada y Evoluci´on de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’, Avda. Angel Gallardo 470, Cdad. de Buenos Aires, Argentina 3CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas y T´ecnicas); Avda. Rivadavia 1917 - Cdad. de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Received 28 November 2008; revised 09 July 2009; accepted 14 July 2009) ABSTRACT The oldest unequivocal records of Dinosauria were unearthed from Late Triassic rocks (approximately 230 Ma) accumulated over extensional rift basins in southwestern Pangea. The better known of these are Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Pisanosaurus mertii, Eoraptor lunensis,andPanphagia protos from the Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina, and Staurikosaurus pricei and Saturnalia tupiniquim from the Santa Maria Formation, Brazil. No uncontroversial dinosaur body fossils are known from older strata, but the Middle Triassic origin of the lineage may be inferred from both the footprint record and its sister-group relation to Ladinian basal dinosauromorphs. These include the typical Marasuchus lilloensis, more basal forms such as Lagerpeton and Dromomeron, as well as silesaurids: a possibly monophyletic group composed of Mid-Late Triassic forms that may represent immediate sister taxa to dinosaurs. The first phylogenetic definition to fit the current understanding of Dinosauria as a node-based taxon solely composed of mutually exclusive Saurischia and Ornithischia was given as ‘‘all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of birds and Triceratops’’.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomenclatural Notes on Some Ginkgoalean Fossil Plants from China
    植 物 分 类 学 报 45 (6): 880–883(2007) doi:10.1360/aps07015 Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com Nomenclatural notes on some ginkgoalean fossil plants from China WU Xiang-Wu ZHOU Zhi-Yan* WANG Yong-Dong (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China) Abstract Two morphotaxa of ginkgoalean fossil plants from China bear illegitimate specific names, viz. Sphenobaiera biloba S. N. Feng (1977) and S. rugata Z. Q. Wang (Dec. 1984), that are heterotypic later homonyms of S. biloba Prynada (1938) and S.? rugata Z. Y. Zhou (Mar. 1984) respectively. Under Art. 53.1 and 7.3 of the Vienna Code, new specific names are proposed to supersede these illegitimate names. Two other names, viz. Baiera ziguiensis F. S. Meng (1987) and Ginkgoites elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun & G. L. Shen (1988), were not validly published, because no nomenclatural type was definitely indicated. New species are instituted for the two morphotaxa here. Although the specific name Ginkgoites elegans Cao (1992) was antedated by Ginkgoites elegans S. Yang, B. N. Sun & G. L. Shen (1988), it still remains available for use, as the latter name has no status under the Vienna Code (Art. 12, 37) and thus no priority over Ginkgoites elegans Z. Y. Cao. Key words Ginkgoales, Ginkgoites, Baiera, Sphenobaiera, morphospecies, nomenclature. In compiling the Chinese record of fossil plants described since 1865, several illegitimate and/or not validly published names of ginkgoalean morphotaxa were found. They are either later homonyms or were published without a definite indication of the type (Art.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeogeograph Y, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 17(1975): 157--172 © Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -- Printed in the Netherlands
    Palaeogeograph y, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 17(1975): 157--172 © Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -- Printed in The Netherlands CLIMATIC CHANGES IN EASTERN ASIA AS INDICATED BY FOSSIL FLORAS. II. LATE CRETACEOUS AND DANIAN V. A. KRASSILOV Institute of Biology and Pedology, Far-Eastern Scientific Centre, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok (U.S.S.R.) (Received June 17, 1974; accepted for publication November 11, 1974) ABSTRACT Krassilov, V. A., 1975. Climatic changes in Eastern Asia as indicated by fossil floras. II. Late Cretaceous and Danian. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 17:157--172. Four Late Cretaceous phytoclimatic zones -- subtropical, warm--temperate, temperate and boreal -- are recognized in the Northern Hemisphere. Warm--temperate vegetation terminates at North Sakhalin and Vancouver Island. Floras of various phytoclimatic zones display parallel evolution in response to climatic changes, i.e., a temperature rise up to the Campanian interrupted by minor Coniacian cooling, and subsequent deterioration of cli- mate culminating in the Late Danian. Cooling episodes were accompanied by expansions of dicotyledons with platanoid leaves, whereas the entire-margined leaf proportion increased during climatic optima. The floristic succession was also influenced by tectonic events, such as orogenic and volcanic activity which commenced in Late Cenomanian--Turonian times. Major replacements of ecological dominants occurred at the Maastrichtian/Danian and Early/Late Danian boundaries. INTRODUCTION The principal approaches to the climatic interpretation of fossil floras have been outlined in my preceding paper (Krassilov, 1973a). So far as Late Creta- ceous floras are concerned, extrapolation (i.e. inferences from tolerance ranges of allied modern taxa) is gaining in importance and the entire/non-entire leaf type ratio is no less expressive than it is in Tertiary floras.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    ISSN 2683-9288 Science Reviews Volume 1 Number 1 from the end of the world December 2019 Susana Fedrano - “El ala” (1991) Science Reviews from the end of the world Science Reviews - from the end of the world is a quaterly publication that aims at providing authoritative reviews on hot research topics developed mainly by scientists that carry out their work far away from the main centers of science. Its research reviews are short, concise, critical and easy-reading articles describing the state of the art on a chosen hot topic, with focus on the research carried out by the authors of the article. These articles are commissioned by invitation and are accessible not only to hardcore specialists, but also to a wider readership of researchers interested in learning about the state-of-the-art in the reviewed subject. The reviews cover all fields of science and are written exclusively in English. They are refereed by peers of international prestige and the evaluation process follows standard international procedures. Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educación Superior 538 Pueyrredón Av. - 2° C – Second building Buenos Aires, Argentina - C1032ABS (54 11) 4963-7878/8811 [email protected] www.scirevfew.net Vol. 1, No. 1 December 2019 AUTHORITIES AAPC President Science Reviews Susana Hernández from the end of the world Centro REDES President María Elina Estébanez Table of Contents EDITORIAL COMMITTEE EDITORIAL Editor-in-Chief An editorial anomaly 4 Miguel A. Blesa Miguel A. Blesa Co-Editors IN THIS ISSUE Daniel Cardinali (Medicine) List of authors Vol. 1, No. 1 Diego de Mendoza (Biochemistry 5 and Molecular Biology) Fabio Doctorovich (Chemistry) ARTICLES Esteban G.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologica Acta, Vol.4, N°4, 2006, 409-438 |415| Ce
    'geológica FOmS^Y ACTA GEOLÓGICA HISPAfilCA Geológica acta: an international earth science journal Universidad de Barcelona [email protected] ISSN (Versión impresa): 1695-6133 ESPAÑA 2006 C.C. Labandeira THE FOUR PHASES OF PLANT-ARTHROPOD ASSOCIATIONS IN DEEP TIME Geológica acta: an international earth science journal, december, año/vol. 4, número 004 Universidad de Barcelona Barcelona, España pp. 409-438 Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal ®re¿!alyc^ Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México http://redalyc.uaemex.mx Geológica Acta, Vol.4, N° 4, 2006, 409-438 Appendix l-IX geología acta Available online at www.geologica-acta.com The Four Phases of Plant-Arthropod Associations in Deep Time C.C. LABANDEIRA |1||2| 111 Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 37012, MRC-121 Department of Paleobiology, Washington, D.C., USA 200137012. E-mail: [email protected] 121 University of Maryland, Department of Entomology College Park, Maryland, USA 20742 1 ABSTRACT I Vascular-plant hosts, their arthropod herbivores, and associated functional feeding groups are distributed spa- tiotemporally into four major herbivore expansions during the past 420 m.y. They are: (1) a Late Silurian to Late Devonian (60 m.y.) phase of myriapod and apterygote, hexapod (perhaps pterygote) herbivores on several clades of primitive vascular-plant hosts and a prototaxalean fungus; (2) a Late Mississippian to end-Permian (85 m.y.) phase of mites and apterygote and basal pterygote herbivores on pteridophyte and basal gymnospermous plant hosts; (3) a Middle Triassic to Recent (245 m.y.) phase of mites, orthopteroids (in the broadest sense) and hemipteroid and basal holometabolan herbivores on pteridophyte and gymnospermous plant hosts; and (4) a mid Early Cretaceous to Recent (115 m.y.) phase of modern-aspect orthopteroids and derived hemipteroid and holometabolous herbivores on angiospermous plant hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Ginkgo Biloba Maidenhair Tree1 Edward F
    Fact Sheet ST-273 November 1993 Ginkgo biloba Maidenhair Tree1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION Ginkgo is practically pest-free, resistant to storm damage, and casts light to moderate shade (Fig. 1). Young trees are often very open but they fill in to form a denser canopy. It makes a durable street tree where there is enough overhead space to accommodate the large size. The shape is often irregular with a large branch or two seemingly forming its own tree on the trunk. But this does not detract from its usefulness as a city tree unless the tree will be growing in a restricted overhead space. If this is the case, select from the narrow upright cultivars such as ‘Princeton Sentry’ and ‘Fairmont’. Ginkgo tolerates most soil, including compacted, and alkaline, and grows slowly to 75 feet or more tall. The tree is easily transplanted and has a vivid yellow fall color which is second to none in brilliance, even in the south. However, leaves fall quickly and the fall color show is short. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Ginkgo biloba Pronunciation: GINK-go bye-LOE-buh Common name(s): Maidenhair Tree, Ginkgo Family: Ginkgoaceae Figure 1. Middle-aged Maidenhair Tree. USDA hardiness zones: 3 through 8A (Fig. 2) Origin: not native to North America Uses: Bonsai; wide tree lawns (>6 feet wide); drought are common medium-sized tree lawns (4-6 feet wide); Availability: generally available in many areas within recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or its hardiness range for median strip plantings in the highway; specimen; sidewalk cutout (tree pit); residential street tree; tree has been successfully grown in urban areas where air pollution, poor drainage, compacted soil, and/or 1.
    [Show full text]