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GEOLOG Y of MCKENZIE COUNTY, NORTH DAKOT a by Clarence G . Carlso N

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GEOLOG Y of MCKENZIE COUNTY, NORTH DAKOT a by Clarence G . Carlso N GEOLOG Y of MCKENZIE COUNTY, NORTH DAKOT A by Clarence G . Carlson BULLETIN 80—PART I North Dakota Geological Survey Don L . Halvorson, State Geologist COUNTY GROUNDWATER STUDIES 37—PART I North Dakota State Water Commission Vernon Fahy, State Engineer Prepared by the North Dakota Geological Surve y in cooperation with the U .S . Geological Survey , North Dakota State Water Commission , and the McKenzie County Water Management District . 1985 GEOLOGY of MCKENZIE COUNTY, NORTH DAKOT A by Clarence G . Carlson SULLETIN 80—PART I forth Dakota Geological Survey on L. Halvorson, State Geologis t ;OUNTY GROUNDWATER STUDIES 37—PART I forth Dakota State Water Commissio n 'ernon Fahy, State Engineer Prepared by the North Dakota Geological Surve y in cooperation with the U .S. Geological Survey, North Dakota State Water Commission , and the McKenzie County Water Management District . Printed by Fine Print, Inc ., Grand Forks, North Dakota 58201 1985 CONTENTS Pagi ABSTRACT vi INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose of Study 1 Methods of Study 1 Regional Setting 2 Previous Work 4 SUBSURFACE STRATIGRAPHY 5 General Statement 5 Precambrian 6 Sauk Sequence 6 Tippecanoe Sequence 6 Kaskaskia Sequence Absaroka Sequence Zuni Sequence 8 UPPER CRETACEOUS STRATIGRAPHY 9 Fox Hills Formation 9 Hell Creek Formation 11 TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY 11 Fort Union Group 11 Ludlow Formation 12 Cannonball Formation 14 Slope Formation 14 Tongue River Formation 15 Sentinel Butte Formation 19 Golden Valley Formation 23 Wiota Gravel 24 QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY 26 Historical Review 26 Coleharbor Group 28 Alluvium-Colluvium 33 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 33 Petroleum 33 Lignite 34 Sand and Gravel 3 7 Nitrogen 37 Salt 37 REFERENCES 38 APPENDIX A--AUGER HOLE DATA 44 iii ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Location map showing area of study and physiographic subdivisions 2 2. Till capped exposures of Sentinel Butte Formation in NWsec 22, T150N, R99W 3 3. Cemented sandstone of the Golden Valley Formation capping one of Blue Buttes, NWse c 31, T151N, R95W 4 4. Stratigraphic column for McKenzie County 7 5. Isopachous map of Newcastle Formation 10 6. Comparison of early and present Tertiary stratigraphic nomenclature 13 7. Tongue River Formation along Magpie Creek in NEsec 30, T145N, R101W 1 6 8. Sentinel Butte-Tongue River contact along Bennett Creek in SWsec 29, T147N, R100W 1 7 9. Sentinel Butte-Tongue River contact in Cart- wright area in NWsec 25, T150N, R104W 18 LO . Sentinel Butte-Tongue River contact in Charlso n area in NWsec 3, T154N, R95W 19 11. Isopachous map of lignite beds in the lowe r part of the Tongue River Formation 20 12. Sentinel Butte Formation in Theodore Roosevel t National Memorial Park in NEsec 25, T148N , R100W 2 1 13. Petrified stump zone in Sentinel Butte Formation in SWsec 13, T147N, R102W 2 2 14. Golden Valley Formation and uppermost Sentine l Butte Formation in Grassy Butte area in NEsec 10, T145N, R99W 24 15. Golden Valley Formation in Blue Buttes area i n SEsec 29, T151N, R94W 25 16. Wiota gravel in NWsec 27, T152N, R103W 2 6 17. Multiple tills in pasture in NEsec 3, T151N , R100W 29 18. Multiple tills in Lake Sakakawea bluffs in sec 33, T153N, R96W 30 19. Current drainage and Pleistocene drainage change s in McKenzie County 31 20. Missouri River Terrace remnant in SEsec 29 , T154N, R98W 34 21. Aggregate lignite resources of Fort Union Grou p in McKenzie County 36 iv ILLUSTRATIONS--Cont . Plate Pag e 1. Geologic map of McKenzie County (in pockel 2. Cross section of Dakota Group in McKenzie County (in pocke- 3. North-south cross section of post-Pierre strat a in McKenzie County (in pocke- 4. Northeast-southwest cross section of post-Pierr e strata in McKenzie County (in pocke- 5. Cross section of Fort Union strata in southern McKenzie County (in pocke- v ABSTRACT McKenzie County is located in northwestern North Dakota in .he Missouri Plateau Section of the Great Plains Province . The >outhern and southwestern parts of the county lie outside th e imit of glaciation which generally follows the course of Benni e )ierre Creek and then eastward along the Little Missouri River . Jpland areas within the glaciated area have patchy areas of til l 'ear the limit of glaciation and nearly continuous thin till in th e 'orthern areas . The area includes rocks of each of the geologic periods wit h .he thickest accumulations of sedimentary rocks at about 16,00 0 'eet in the area of T153N, Rs97, 98W which is near the center )f the Williston Basin . The near-surface sediment is of Recent , 'leistocene,, or Tertiary age . Recent sediment consists of allu- hium or calluvium which is generally confined to lowland areas )f current or Pleistocene drainage . Pleistocene sediments consis t )f till on the upland areas and water-sorted sediment in an d aong glacial drainages . Soil horizons have developed on th e )oorly consolidated Tertiary formations in the unglaciated areas . vi INTRODUCTIO N Purpose of Study This report describes the geology of McKenzie County, a n area of about 2,842 square miles, located in northwestern Nort h Dakota . It is one of a series of reports prepared by the North Dakota Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Dakot a State Water Commission and the United States Geological Surve y in the groundwater study series . The primary purposes of these studies are : (1) to provide a geologic map of the area, (2) to locate and define aquifers , and (3) to interpret the geologic history of the area . A general assessment of natural resources of the area is also provided . Methods of Study Fieldwork consisted of traversing all roads or trails by vehicle and traversing on foot to otherwise inaccessible areas o f interest . The best exposures are along the major drainages an d diversion channels which are incised 200 to 500 feet into th e upland areas . These areas of good exposures were supplemente d in upland areas by road cuts, road ditch exposures, or throug h use of a 5-foot hand auger . Exposures were examined with special attention to formation contacts so as to provide a basi s for extending contacts across areas of poor exposures and a s an aid for subsurface interpretations . Stereoscopic pair photo coverage, scale 1 :20,000, was available for the entire area . Topographic maps were available for most of the area . Contacts were determined with the aid of aerial photos and plotted on county road maps, scale 1 :63,360 obtained from the North Dakota Highway Department . The study was done on a recon- naissance basis with fieldwork accomplished in portions of tw o field seasons . Subsurface information for the post-Pierre strata was pro- vided by about 60,000 feet of test-hole drilling by the North Dakota State Water Commission published as Ground Water Basi c Data (Croft, 1985) supplemented by other available information . About 1,600 oil exploration wells have been drilled in this county and information in the files of the Oil and Gas Divisio n of the North Dakota Industrial Commission provided informatio n for the subsurface stratigraphy section . A truck-mounted auger of the North Dakota Geological Survey was used to obtai n information in a few areas and test-hole drilling for the Con- servation Division of the U .S . Geological Survey provided some lignite information . 1.02° 100 ° 98° I I 1 L .1 Q °c o 7, '2s 0 River ~v, ~ ~ 1 , C' ti I (I+ RAG,L ) -c, 47°—1 "~ GREAT PLAINS \ 1 S PSG y 'r - ( U Y J r 46°—I — _ — L 0 50 IC :0 mile s 0 75 150kilome?er s Figure 1 . Location map showing area of study and physiographic subdivisions of North Dakota . Regional Settin g McKenzie County is bounded on the west by Montana, on the north and east by the Missouri River and on the south b y Golden Valley, Billings, and Dunn Counties . Physiographicall y most of the county is in the Glaciated Missouri Plateau Sectio n a f the Great Plains Province (fig . 1) with the southwestern par t in the Unglaciated Missouri Plateau Section . These sections are generally characterized by low relief and gentle slopes inter- rupted by buttes and ridges . In the glaciated section the drif t is generally thin except for valley fill so the topography re- flects the pre-glacial topography (fig . 2) . Major drainages are the Missouri, Yellowstone, and Little Missouri Rivers . The Missouri River formed when glaciers blocked the northeastwar d flowing drainages and the diverted drainage flowing southeast - ward along the margin of the glacier was entrenched in tha t :ourse after the ice melted . The Little Missouri River flowed northward in the valleys now occupied by Red Wing Creek an d Tobacco Garden Creek prior to glaciation . Subsequently it wa s Iiverted eastward from Red Wing Creek . Similarly the Yellow - stone River flowed through the Charbonneau Creek-Timbe r 2 Figure 2 . View looking north at till-capped exposures of Sentinel Butte Formation in railroa c cut in NWsec 22, T150N, R99W. Creek Valley prior to glaciation . The process of adjustment t o the lowered base level of the Missouri River is developing a band of badlands along these drainages . This county is situated near the center of the Willisto n Basin, an intracratonic basin whose center is near Williston . The thickest sedimentary section is in Ts153-154N, Rs97-98 W where the sedimentary section is 16,000 ± feet based on struc- ture maps on the Red River Formation . The deepest well ye t drilled in this county is the Patrick Petroleum-Enderud No . 1-1 7 (SWNEsec 17, T152N, R98W) which had penetrated about 80 fee t of the Deadwood Formation at a total depth of 15,300 feet .
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