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History and Development of Surveying and Measurement in Malaysia
Sr Dr. Azhari bin MOHAMED Sr Mohammad Zaki bin MOHD GHAZALI
Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia
Commission: IIHSM
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Scan Through
History of Highlight surveying and important events measurements
History of State of the Department of positioning Survey & Mapping framework Malaysia - JUPEM
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Administration
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Geography
5 entities: SS, FMS, UFMS, NB and Sarawak
Effective British Large scale tin and rubber control Federated Anglo-Siamese Malay Treaty. Straits Settlements - States - Northern Crown Colony British Malaya - 1867 Protectora British te Protectorate 1896 1909 1824 1832 1840 1848 1856 1864 1872 1880 1888 1896 1904 Involvement into administration, Anglo-Dutch leases, supply Anglo-Dutch Treaty - Era coincide Convention "British Malaya" with BNB/DEI chain 1824 development in 1891 survey works North Borneo & Sarawak - British Protectorate 1888 Incorporation of BNB Company 1881
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Ancient East West Trade Route
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Ibn Battuta Voyages
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Voyages of Zheng He 1405-1433
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Early European Voyages
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Geopolitical
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Geopolitical
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Colonial Spheres of Influence
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Kingdoms, Conquest, Independence and Federation
Malay Kingdoms (Malacca, Brunei etc) Pre-1500s Chinese Arabs traders 1511-1641 Portuguese Malacca
1641-1824 Dutch Malacca
(1786) Lease of Penang to Francis Light
1824 British sphere of influence
1876-1896 British Malaya
1888-1963 British Borneo
1957 Malaya Independence
1963 Federation of Malaysia #
Spheres of Influence
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British Malaya-British Borneo
5 entities: SS, FMS, UFMS, NB and Sarawak
Effective British Large scale tin and rubber control Federated Malay Anglo-Siamese Straits Settlements - States - Treaty. British Northern Crown Colony Malaya - 1867 Protectora te British Protectorate 1896 1909 1824 1832 1840 1848 1856 1864 1872 1880 1888 1896 1904 Involvement into administration, Anglo-Dutch leases, supply Anglo-Dutch Treaty - Era coincide Convention "British Malaya" with BNB/DEI chain 1824 development in 1891 survey works North Borneo & Sarawak - British Protectorate 1888 Incorporation of BNB Company 1881
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British Malaya
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Hugh Low & Mt Kinabalu
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Developments Around the Region
Principal Triangulation of Trig Surveys in Australia – GB - 1”/3PPM! Localised (expertise) 1853 1860
1853 1855 1857 1859 1861 1863 1865 1867 1869
Great Trig Survey of Torrens System in SA - India - Survey Simplicity science+ 1858 Malaysia 1/10 of India! introduced in Malaya in 1870 1900s
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19 th Century Survey Activities – The Straits Settlements
Trig Survey of Malacca - Major MacCallum 1886
Trig Survey of Balik Pulau, Penang - Laceron & Peters 1890
Maps of Penang - F W Kelly 1894
1858 1862 1866 1870 1874 1878 1882 1886 1890 1894
Plane table survey of Survey of Malacca - Major Malacca - Quinton MacCallum 1858 1886
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19 th Century Surveying Activities – Johor and British Borneo Kudat, 1 st capital of BNB 1st Cadastral Plan in North Borneo " 1883
16-chain scale map of Kurau and Krian of Perak by H L Pemberton 1883
1st Cadastral Plan in Gunong Pulai, Johor 1885
1863 1866 1869 1872 1875 1878 1881 1884
1st Sarawak Land State of Johor Map by Regulation Mohamed Salleh Prang 1863 1877
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First North Borneo Certified Plan 1883
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First North Borneo Registered Land Title 1884
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JUPEM –The Early Years
Johore Survey Dept. - Yahaya Awal-ed-din CS 1885
Trig. Survey Dept. Perak - G A Lefroy (orig. PWD) 1887 Responsible for trig surveys in FMS
Revenue Survey Depart. of Perak - J P Harper 1887
Pahang Survey Dept. Kelantan joins FMS Survey Dept. 1889 Negeri Sembilan Survey Dept. 1923 Perlis 1897 under Selangor Kedah Survey Indie Surveyor Office of Kedah & Terengganu joins FMS Dept. Batu Gajah, Perak - C A Survey Baker Kelantan Dept. Survey Dept. Survey Depts 1926 1899 (secondments) 1918 1891 1910
1885 1891 1897 1903 1909 1915 1921
Penang, Malacca & FMS Survey Dept - Singapore Survey Depts Surveyor General joins FMS Survey Dept. 1909 1920 Trig. Survey Dept of FMS (fmr. Perak) 1902 #
JUPEM – The Post War Period
Sabah Topo. Section 1983
DSMM of FT Labuan 1984
Sarawak Topo. Section Department of Survey DSMM of FT Kuala 1989 and Mapping Malaysia - Lumpur TS Mohd Yatim Yahaya as 1979 SG DSMM Perlis 1963 1995
1942 1948 1954 1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990
Directorate of National Assistance by Directorate Mapping Malaysia under of Colonial Surveys (RSO) DSMM 1947 1965 WWII disruption 1942
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19 th & 20 th Century Trig. Surveys
Trig. Survey of Perak - 4.6 mile Larut baseline - H G Deanne 1885 Amalgamation, strengthening old nets
Trig. Survey of Penang - Trig Surveys of Selangor Malayan Revised Lieutenant Woore and Negeri Sembilan Triangulation 1948 1832 1901 1948
1832 1846 1860 1874 1888 1902 1916 1930 1944 1958 Malayan Revised Trig Survey of Penang and Repsold (Primary) Triangulation 1968 - Province Wellesley Mac Trig. Survey of Malacca Triangulation of Malaya framework for cadastral Dougal, Peters & Greene 1888 & topo mapping -77 1916 1832 geodetic stns 1968
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20 th Century Trig. Surveys British Borneo
DOS readjustment of Sarawak Primary Borneo Primary DOS readjusttment Triangulation 1935 Triangulation - BT48 BT68- 145 stations 1935 1968 1948
1930 1934 1938 1942 1946 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966
Borneo West Coast Borneo West Coast Borneo East Coast Triangulation 1930 Triangulation 1942 Triangulation 1960 1930 1942 1960
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Trigonometric Survey Sabah 1962
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British STRE in Washington
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SMARTER RE SOLDIER
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Satellite-based Positioning Framework
cm level Real-time MASS - 18 tracking Stns Kinematic GNSS - (1998-2002 - GDM2000) MyRTKNet -78 Ref Stns PMGSN94 - 238 Stns 2008 1998 1994
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
EMGSN97 - 171 Stns GDM2000 launched GDM2000 (2009) 1997 2003 2009
Sumatran quakes. 1-25cm CCW
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2004 Aceh Quake and Tsunami
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~1:50K Topographic Map Series
Sabah & Sarawak Non-Restricted Versions 1995
RSO Introduction GDM2000 Introduction 1947 Computerisation 2003 1988 T735 T738 MY511 MY512 1950 1972 2004 2014
1945 1952 1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2008
L7010 L7030 MY501 MY502 /1950 1972 2004 2014
L707 1945
Peninsular
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AMS Index – US Army Series
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Sappers Geonaming Dilemma
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Brown, Blue and Black Ticks and Grid
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Early Map Production Branch Other Prints
Currency Notes Bonds Stamps Declaration of Independence Tin Stock Certificates
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Conclusion
• Brief tour of history • Colonial, post-war, and modern efforts • Great difficulties encountered, but served the purpose, relevant • 130 years of serving the country – Excellent pictorial historical compilation book – More emphasis of historical documentation • State-of-the-art positioning and mapping solutions • Integration with height component for real-time precision 3D positioning • New products and services • Improvement of services as we head for 2020 • “…Enhancing The Relevance”
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Thank you for your attention and have a good trip back home!
Sr Dr. Azhari bin MOHAMED [email protected]
Sr Mohammad Zaki bin MOHD GHAZALI [email protected]
Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia
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