British Malaya-British Borneo

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

British Malaya-British Borneo 03-09-2014 History and Development of Surveying and Measurement in Malaysia Sr Dr. Azhari bin MOHAMED Sr Mohammad Zaki bin MOHD GHAZALI Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia Commission: IIHSM # Scan Through History of Highlight surveying and important events measurements History of State of the Department of positioning Survey & Mapping framework Malaysia - JUPEM # 1 03-09-2014 Administration # Geography 5 entities: SS, FMS, UFMS, NB and Sarawak Effective British Large scale tin and rubber control Federated Anglo-Siamese Malay Treaty. Straits Settlements - States - Northern Crown Colony British Malaya - 1867 Protectora British te Protectorate 1896 1909 1824 1832 1840 1848 1856 1864 1872 1880 1888 1896 1904 Involvement into administration, Anglo-Dutch leases, supply Anglo-Dutch Treaty - Era coincide Convention "British Malaya" with BNB/DEI chain 1824 development in 1891 survey works North Borneo & Sarawak - British Protectorate 1888 Incorporation of BNB Company 1881 # 2 03-09-2014 Ancient East West Trade Route # Ibn Battuta Voyages # 3 03-09-2014 Voyages of Zheng He 1405-1433 # # 4 03-09-2014 Early European Voyages # Geopolitical # 5 03-09-2014 Geopolitical # Colonial Spheres of Influence # 6 03-09-2014 Kingdoms, Conquest, Independence and Federation Malay Kingdoms (Malacca, Brunei etc) Pre-1500s Chinese Arabs traders 1511-1641 Portuguese Malacca 1641-1824 Dutch Malacca (1786) Lease of Penang to Francis Light 1824 British sphere of influence 1876-1896 British Malaya 1888-1963 British Borneo 1957 Malaya Independence 1963 Federation of Malaysia # Spheres of Influence # 7 03-09-2014 British Malaya-British Borneo 5 entities: SS, FMS, UFMS, NB and Sarawak Effective British Large scale tin and rubber control Federated Malay Anglo-Siamese Straits Settlements - States - Treaty. British Northern Crown Colony Malaya - 1867 Protectora te British Protectorate 1896 1909 1824 1832 1840 1848 1856 1864 1872 1880 1888 1896 1904 Involvement into administration, Anglo-Dutch leases, supply Anglo-Dutch Treaty - Era coincide Convention "British Malaya" with BNB/DEI chain 1824 development in 1891 survey works North Borneo & Sarawak - British Protectorate 1888 Incorporation of BNB Company 1881 # British Malaya # 8 03-09-2014 Hugh Low & Mt Kinabalu # Developments Around the Region Principal Triangulation of Trig Surveys in Australia – GB - 1”/3PPM! Localised (expertise) 1853 1860 1853 1855 1857 1859 1861 1863 1865 1867 1869 Great Trig Survey of Torrens System in SA - India - Survey Simplicity science+ 1858 Malaysia 1/10 of India! introduced in Malaya in 1870 1900s # 9 03-09-2014 19 th Century Survey Activities – The Straits Settlements Trig Survey of Malacca - Major MacCallum 1886 Trig Survey of Balik Pulau, Penang - Laceron & Peters 1890 Maps of Penang - F W Kelly 1894 1858 1862 1866 1870 1874 1878 1882 1886 1890 1894 Plane table survey of Survey of Malacca - Major Malacca - Quinton MacCallum 1858 1886 # 19 th Century Surveying Activities – Johor and British Borneo Kudat, 1 st capital of BNB 1st Cadastral Plan in North Borneo " 1883 16-chain scale map of Kurau and Krian of Perak by H L Pemberton 1883 1st Cadastral Plan in Gunong Pulai, Johor 1885 1863 1866 1869 1872 1875 1878 1881 1884 1st Sarawak Land State of Johor Map by Regulation Mohamed Salleh Prang 1863 1877 # 10 03-09-2014 First North Borneo Certified Plan 1883 # First North Borneo Registered Land Title 1884 # 11 03-09-2014 JUPEM –The Early Years Johore Survey Dept. - Yahaya Awal-ed-din CS 1885 Trig. Survey Dept. Perak - G A Lefroy (orig. PWD) 1887 Responsible for trig surveys in FMS Revenue Survey Depart. of Perak - J P Harper 1887 Pahang Survey Dept. Kelantan joins FMS Survey Dept. 1889 Negeri Sembilan Survey Dept. 1923 Perlis 1897 under Selangor Kedah Survey Indie Surveyor Office of Kedah & Terengganu joins FMS Dept. Batu Gajah, Perak - C A Survey Baker Kelantan Dept. Survey Dept. Survey Depts 1926 1899 (secondments) 1918 1891 1910 1885 1891 1897 1903 1909 1915 1921 Penang, Malacca & FMS Survey Dept - Singapore Survey Depts Surveyor General joins FMS Survey Dept. 1909 1920 Trig. Survey Dept of FMS (fmr. Perak) 1902 # JUPEM – The Post War Period Sabah Topo. Section 1983 DSMM of FT Labuan 1984 Sarawak Topo. Section Department of Survey DSMM of FT Kuala 1989 and Mapping Malaysia - Lumpur TS Mohd Yatim Yahaya as 1979 SG DSMM Perlis 1963 1995 1942 1948 1954 1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 Directorate of National Assistance by Directorate Mapping Malaysia under of Colonial Surveys (RSO) DSMM 1947 1965 WWII disruption 1942 # 12 03-09-2014 19 th & 20 th Century Trig. Surveys Trig. Survey of Perak - 4.6 mile Larut baseline - H G Deanne 1885 Amalgamation, strengthening old nets Trig. Survey of Penang - Trig Surveys of Selangor Malayan Revised Lieutenant Woore and Negeri Sembilan Triangulation 1948 1832 1901 1948 1832 1846 1860 1874 1888 1902 1916 1930 1944 1958 Malayan Revised Trig Survey of Penang and Repsold (Primary) Triangulation 1968 - Province Wellesley Mac Trig. Survey of Malacca Triangulation of Malaya framework for cadastral Dougal, Peters & Greene 1888 & topo mapping -77 1916 1832 geodetic stns 1968 # # 13 03-09-2014 20 th Century Trig. Surveys British Borneo DOS readjustment of Sarawak Primary Borneo Primary DOS readjusttment Triangulation 1935 Triangulation - BT48 BT68- 145 stations 1935 1968 1948 1930 1934 1938 1942 1946 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 Borneo West Coast Borneo West Coast Borneo East Coast Triangulation 1930 Triangulation 1942 Triangulation 1960 1930 1942 1960 # Trigonometric Survey Sabah 1962 # 14 03-09-2014 British STRE in Washington # SMARTER RE SOLDIER # 15 03-09-2014 Satellite-based Positioning Framework cm level Real-time MASS - 18 tracking Stns Kinematic GNSS - (1998-2002 - GDM2000) MyRTKNet -78 Ref Stns PMGSN94 - 238 Stns 2008 1998 1994 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 EMGSN97 - 171 Stns GDM2000 launched GDM2000 (2009) 1997 2003 2009 Sumatran quakes. 1-25cm CCW # 2004 Aceh Quake and Tsunami # 16 03-09-2014 ~1:50K Topographic Map Series Sabah & Sarawak Non-Restricted Versions 1995 RSO Introduction GDM2000 Introduction 1947 Computerisation 2003 1988 T735 T738 MY511 MY512 1950 1972 2004 2014 1945 1952 1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2008 L7010 L7030 MY501 MY502 /1950 1972 2004 2014 L707 1945 Peninsular # # 17 03-09-2014 AMS Index – US Army Series # # 18 03-09-2014 Sappers Geonaming Dilemma # # 19 03-09-2014 # # 20 03-09-2014 Brown, Blue and Black Ticks and Grid # # 21 03-09-2014 Early Map Production Branch Other Prints Currency Notes Bonds Stamps Declaration of Independence Tin Stock Certificates # Conclusion • Brief tour of history • Colonial, post-war, and modern efforts • Great difficulties encountered, but served the purpose, relevant • 130 years of serving the country – Excellent pictorial historical compilation book – More emphasis of historical documentation • State-of-the-art positioning and mapping solutions • Integration with height component for real-time precision 3D positioning • New products and services • Improvement of services as we head for 2020 • “…Enhancing The Relevance” # 22 03-09-2014 Thank you for your attention and have a good trip back home! Sr Dr. Azhari bin MOHAMED [email protected] Sr Mohammad Zaki bin MOHD GHAZALI [email protected] Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia # 23.
Recommended publications
  • A Footnote to the Colonial History of the Dutch East Indies
    A FOOTNOTE TO THE COLONIAL HISTORY OF THE DUTCH EAST INDIES The “Little East” in the first half of the nineteenth century1 Dr. Chris de Jong 1 Translated from Dutch by Truus Daalder-Broekman, Adelaide, Australia. PREFACE..................................................................................................................................... 3 1 THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE..................................................................................... 3 1.1 Location and population. ...................................................................................... 3 1.2 Fishing and Trade. ................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Wealth and prosperity........................................................................................... 5 1.4 But appearances were deceptive. .......................................................................... 6 2 THE LITTLE EAST IN A WIDER CONTEXT. ............................................................. 8 2.1 Administrative vacuum......................................................................................... 8 2.2 The return of the Dutch to the East Indies. ........................................................... 9 2.3 East Timor at the beginning of the 19th century.................................................... 9 3 THE STRUGGLE FOR THE EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO. ........................................ 11 3.1 The British-Dutch Treaties of 1814 and 1824. ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • II History of the Dutch in South-Asia
    Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction As part of this study it is important to understand the development of the Southeast Asia region in a historical context. This development is highly influenced by trade. Many foreign powers are attracted to the region because of the economic welfare. They take cities and trade posts like Jayakarta (renamed Batavia) (East Indies), Galle (Sri Lanka), Cochin (India) and Melaka (Malaya). The implementation of some settlements in Asia is highly influenced by these European countries. Foreign powers that conquer parts of Asia include the Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and British. The Dutch leave their mark on settlements in Asia through lay-out and architecture in a very recognizable, entirely different way from the Portuguese or Spanish. Therefore it is necessary to have an understanding of the development of Dutch settlements in Asia and the influence that Dutch architecture has on the buildings in Asia, especially, on shop houses in Asia. Figure 1.1: Map of the town and fort of Melaka. (ca. 1753). Source: Atlas of Mutual Heritage, the Netherlands. This study eventually leads to a better understanding of Dutch architecture in Melaka. 37 shop houses, 9 public buildings and the fort have been selected to give a more in depth study of their facade analysis. In this study a comparison is made with other, pre- 1 vious, studies about the analysis of shop houses. 1.2 Literature used for this Research The research questions form the base of the study. To be able to answer these questions literature had to be studied related to the research questions.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Articles
    SBRAS July 1878 [1] List of Members .................................................................................................... i Proceedings of the Society .................................................................................. ii Rules of the Society .......................................................................................... viii Inaugural Address of the President by the Ven. Archdeacon Hose M.A. ............. 1 Distribution of Minerals in Sarawak by A. Hart Everett ................................... 13 Breeding Pearls by N.B. Dennys Ph.D. ............................................................... 31 Dialects of the Melanesian Tribes of the Malay Peninsula by M. de Mikluho-Maclay ........................................................................... 38 Malay Spelling in English Report of the Govt. Committee (reprinted) ............ 45 Geography of the Malay Peninsula, Pt I by A.M. Skinner ................................. 52 Chinese Secret Societies, Pt I by W.A. Pickering .............................................. 63 Malay Proverbs, Pt I by W.E. Maxwell ............................................................. 85 The Snake-eating Hamadryad by N.B. Dennys Ph.D. ......................................... 99 Gutta Percha and Caoutchouc by H.J. Murton ................................................ 106 Miscellaneous Notices Wild tribes of the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago ............................... 108 The Semang and Sakei tribes of Kedah and Perak ..................................
    [Show full text]
  • CONCEPT VERSION First Version, June 12, 2009 the Research in Concept
    Traditional Values in a Contemporary World CONCEPT VERSION First version, June 12, 2009 The research in concept Maarten den Teuling student number: 1368095 Technische Univiersiteit Delft (TU-Delft) Faculty of Architecture, Explorelab 8 With help from Andrea Peresthu For more info please contact: Maarten den Teuling www.mrtn.nu [email protected] 2 REBIRTH OF THE MALACCA SHOPHOUSE, A TYPOLOGICAL RESEARCH SHOPHOUSES Maarten den Teuling 03 Rebirth of the Malacca shophouse A typological research. Traditional Values in a Contemporary World 06 Introduction 08 Explorelab 10 Thesis 11 The issue 16 The goal modern needs generic and specific 21 Malaysia and Malacca 22 Facts and data Malaysia and Malacca 24 Little history Malaysia and Malacca 28 UNESCO world herritage 30 Typological research 31 Strategy 32 The shophouse 40 Symbols 41 The typologies 42 Dutch style (rowhouse) 44 Southern China Style 48 Early shophouse 50 Early transitional 52 Early straits eclectic 54 Late straits eclectic 58 Neo-classical 60 Art-Deco 62 Early Modern 63 Results 64 Conclusions 66 Genealogy 68 Key elements checked 69 Key elements for design 70 Design 71 Concept 72 In detail 86 Conceptual drawings 90 Last word 92 Bibliography 4 INTRODUCTION The title of this research might lead to some misunderstandings, as we all know, words can be a serious obstacle to process. When starting a research focused on architecture it is always hard to describe it in words. Architects communicate with drawings, or models, and when this is communicated properly words don’t have to be used. The words as ‘rebirth’ ‘shophouse’ ‘small scale’ etc. might refer to other words as ‘heritage’, ‘preservation’, soon the attention of the reader can be distracted, and he or she stops reading.
    [Show full text]
  • The Paradigm of Malayness in Literature
    THE PARADIGM OF MALAYNESS IN LITERATURE IDA BAIZURA BAHAR Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD in the Languages and Cultures of South East Asia 2010 Department of South East Asia School of Oriental and African Studies University of London ProQuest Number: 11010464 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010464 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 | SOAP LIRDARY 2 Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination. Signed: Ida Baizura Bahar Date: 7 December 2010 3 ABSTRACT This study is a study on the paradigm of Malayness in literature, taking as its point of departure the understanding of Malayness in Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Story of Malacca” Appeared As a Three-Part Series in AMSA’S Magazine Passages During 2009 and 2010
    by Elvan Tong Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Geographical background and early trade routes 5 3. Early settlers – Proto and Deutero-Malays 6 4. Indian and Chinese influence 7 5. Early empires 8 6. Founding of Malacca 11 7. The Malacca Sultanate 13 8. The legend of Hang Tuah 16 9. Malacca before the Portuguese 19 10. Portuguese conquest and occupation 20 11. Downfall of the Portuguese 22 12. The Peranakan Heritage 26 Bibliography 30 Preface “Story of Malacca” appeared as a three-part series in AMSA’s magazine Passages during 2009 and 2010. For the convenience of readers this is now consolidated into a booklet for easy reading and printing. “Story of Malacca” is not an exercise in futility. It is but one of several attempts in the search for truth about the demographic, social and economic history of Malaya. It covers several themes – the origins of the peoples of Malaya; the influence of India and China; the early Indianised empires; the Malacca Sultanate; the Hang Tuah legend; the Portuguese occupation of Malacca; the Peranakan heritage. Acknowledgements I am grateful for AMSA’s consent to have the series re-published in a more convenient format. There is no monetary arrangement whatsoever. I am indebted to Dr Bin Yap for editing the whole series of “Story of Malacca”. He has been the President of AMSA in 2008/09 and 2009/10 and past Editor of Passages. My gratitude also goes to Evelyn Tian (current President), Lim Kwee Phaik (current Hon Secretary) and John Khoo, a friend of long standing. These busy folks are Peranakans who contributed their personal views on their Peranakan heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • The British Presence in the Malay World: a Meeting of Civilizational Traditions
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UKM Journal Article Repository The British Presence in the MalaySari World: 19 (2001) A Meeting 3 - 33 of Civilizational Traditions 3 The British Presence in the Malay World: A Meeting of Civilizational Traditions CAROLINA LÓPEZ C. ABSTRAK Rencana ini mengkaji titik pertemuan dan perbezaan dalam nilai, andaian dan tafsiran yang mendasari pertembungan sejarah antara tradisi British dengan Melayu di zaman penjajahan Malaya dahulu. Kajian ini mengusulkan bahawa selain mengkaji hubungan kuasa antara kedua-duanya, adalah perlu untuk menemui andaian paradigmatik yang sebahagian besarnya bersifat tersirat dan membuat kedua-dua pihak memandang dan menilai gejala yang sama itu berbeza sama sekali. Andaian asas kajian ini ialah penjajah British dan orang Melayu mempunyai penapis dalaman yang berbeza menghadapi isu kritikal. Perbezaan dalam mekanisma membuat penafsiran itu, biasanya tanpa disedari itulah merupakan sumber ketegangan dan juga salah faham yang tidak dikaji di kalangan kumpulan daripada tradisi yang berbeza-beza itu. Penulis harap perhatian yang diberi kepada pertemuan dan perbezaan yang mendasari nilai dan mekanisma penafsiran itu besar nilainya dalam menyelesaikan konflik antara tradisi daripada budaya yang berlainan, yang menimbulkan cabaran besar kepada dunia hari ini. Kata kunci: dualat, lanun, cukai, hamba, sistem kepercayaan dalaman ABSTRACT This article examines points of convergence and divergence in values, assump- tions and interpretations underlying historical encounters between the Brit- ish and the Melayu traditions in colonial Malaya. It proposes that in addition to examining power relations between them, it is necessary to uncover the largely unconscious paradigmatic assumptions causing them to view and value the same phenomena in radically different ways.
    [Show full text]
  • D. Bassett British Trade and Policy in Indonesia 1760-1772. (Met 3 Kaarten)
    D. Bassett British trade and policy in Indonesia 1760-1772. (Met 3 kaarten) In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 120 (1964), no: 2, Leiden, 197-223 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 10:19:41AM via free access BRITISH TRADE AND POLICY IN INDONESIA 1760-1772 • he general outlines of British policy in the Eastetin Seas during \ and after the Seven Years' War are well known. .The East India Company had difficulty in paying for its expanding exports of silk and tea from Canton and sought to limit its shipments of silver to China by using South East Asian produce as an alternative form of payment. The Company also hoped to attract Chinese junks to an entrepot outside the monopoly of the Co-hong, where the terms of exchange would be more favourable to the British. These solutions to the China remittance problem involved the establishment of a British settlement in the China Sea or the Indonesian Archipelago. The search for an eastern entrepot took many forms, but in the 1760's it was confined to Alexander Dalrymple's scheme for a settlement in the Sulu Archipelago and to the temporary British occupation of Manila in 1762-4:1 In the 1770*s, as the Company's payments' problem became more acute, the Balambangan project was supplemented by official British missions seeking permission for a settlement in Acheh, Kedah, Riau, Trengganu and Cochin China.2 British private, or "country", traders such as Francis Light and James Scott also recommended the occupation of Junk Ceylon and Penang.3 None of .these schemes was immediately.
    [Show full text]
  • Hang Tuah: Raja Duta Kerajaan Melayu Melaka
    1 SEMINAR PERPUSTAKAAN NEGARA MALAYSIA 29 NOVEMBER 2018 SEMINAR MANUSKRIP MELAYU HANG TUAH: RAJA DUTA KERAJAAN MELAYU MELAKA OLEH PROF EMERITUS DATO’ DR HASHIM MUSA PUSAT KECEMERLANGAN KAJIAN MELAYU (PKKM) UNIVERSITI MALAYA Abstrak Kertas ini akan menelusuri pelayaran Laksamana Hang Tuah sebagai Raja Duta dengan kapal “Mendam Berahi”, berdasarkan buku Hikayat Hang Tuah (Kassim Ahmad (penyelenggara), 1966), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, dan dokumen rasmi Rekidai Hŏan Kerajaan Ryukyu Jepun, terjemahan daripada bahasa asal Bahasa Cina ke Bahasa Inggeris oleh A. Kobata dan M. Matsuda. (1969). Ryukyuan Relations with Korea and the South Sea Countries: An Annotated Translation of Documents in the Rekidai Hŏan. Kyoto: Kawakita Printing, dan juga dokumen Portugis The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India, Afonso Albuquerque Vol. I- IV, 1744 Portuguese Edition, (Tr.) Walter De Gray Birch.1875-1884. London: Hakluyt Society. Pelayaran Hang Tuah sebagai raja duta kerajaan Melaka dengan kapal Mendam Berahi merupakan satu warisan penjelajahan atau “odyssey” maritim Melayu yang agung. Laksamana Hang Tuah dengan Mendam Berahi telah menjelajahi sekurang-kurangnya 14 buah negara atau bandar, iaitu Majapahit, Bentan, Lingga, Palembang, Jayakarta, Acheh, Brunei, Siam, Benua Keling, Benua China, Mesir, Jeddah, Mekah, Madinah dan juga Benua Rom Uthmaniah Istanbul, dengan tujuan utamannya misi diplomasi dan juga kegiatan perdagangan antarabangsa antara Melaka dengan negeri-negeri berkenaan. Kata kunci: Raja duta, odyssey,
    [Show full text]
  • U DBA Papers of Dr David Kenneth Bassett 1952-1990
    Hull History Centre: Papers of Dr David Kenneth Bassett U DBA Papers of Dr David Kenneth Bassett 1952-1990 Biographical background: David Kenneth Bassett was born on 14 May 1931 at Rhymney, Monmouthshire and was educated at Rhimney Grammar School and then at University College, Cardiff between 1948 and 1951. He went to the School for Oriental and African Studies in London between 1952 to 1955, where he worked mostly on the records of the East India Company and then submitted his thesis 'The factory of the East India Company at Bantam 1602-1682'. Much of this research material is in the collection and the papers are mostly relevant for any study of the English presence in Java in the seventeenth century. In 1956 David Bassett was appointed to an assistant lectureship at the University of Malaya in Singapore and this became a full lectureship in the following year. He held a visiting lectureship in the School of Oriental and African Studies between 1960 and 1961 and then was transferred to the Kuala Lumpur campus in Malaya, being promoted in 1964 to senior lecturer. In 1965 he was appointed to a fellowship in history at the Centre for South-East Asian Studies at the University of Hull. During his career Dr Bassett prepared many papers on the history of South East Asia and much of his research and teaching materials are in the collection. In 1976 he was appointed director of the Centre for South-East Asian Studies, a post he resigned in 1988 with the appointment of Professor King.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Accounting: an Inquiry Into the Struggle, the Crisis, and the Future
    34 SHS Web of Conferences , 06007 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/20173406007 FourA 2016 Malaysian accounting: an inquiry into the struggle, the crisis, and the future Hasri Mustafa1 ,* 1Department of Accounting and Finance, 43400, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Abstract. Are we satisfied providing of what accounting has provided? How many books about accounting and accountability have we read and forgotten the instant we finished reading them? What difference they have made then? Will readers understand the deepest emotion of the texts? So many years have passed and many witness what happen to Malaysian history to accounting field was left unnoticed. Attempt to answer the questions will subsequently implicate the conditions of theorizing accounting based upon an inquiry into Malaysians own struggle, crisis and future prospect. The aim of the study is to encourage accounting researchers, especially Malaysians, to view accounting with responsibility, answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and other terms associated with the expectation of account-giving. 1 Introduction Does it really matter who were native and who were not to a particular territory (or State) to the field of accounting? The school systems and universities leave no comprehensive discussion in regard to accounting knowledge. Pre-independent Malaysia literature in respect to social conceptions and groupings of races that define essential types of individuals has received rather reluctant to the attention of Malaysian accounting scholars. Prior to the making of the State, Malaysia was ruled by a number of kingdoms and colonial periods. Essentially, Chinese and Indians comes to Malaysia from a set of unsystematic organisation where legislations to regulate them were from colonial vision of ‘divide and rule’.
    [Show full text]
  • Gerard FERNANDIS, Lusotopie 2000 : 261-268
    Gerard FERNANDIS, Lusotopie 2000 : 261-268 Papia, Relijang e Tradisang The Portuguese Eurasians in Malaysia : Bumiquest, A Search for Self Identity « The last few acres of land This last bastion of cultural stand. Echos of cannons roaring Drowning the cries, casting nets In muddy waters, shrimp people Once Conquerors Now Fishermen Where do we go from here ? Identity in confusion Bumi status we seek Why only Invest ? Why under "others" ? Portuguese Eurasians Indigenous Papia, Relijang e tradisang ». he Portuguese were in Malacca since the year 1511. It is one of the oldest communities in Malaysia. As a community of individuals with Tmixed parentage, Caucasian and Asiatic, it is an example of the type of fusion of culturally and geographically disparate people not uncommon in Third World territories that were formally under colonial domination. The uniqueness of the Portuguese Eurasians is reflected in the continuity in their survival intact with their language traditions and religion. Despite not having schools, and cut off from Portugal for almost five centuries, since 1641, the Government and public still refers this community as « Portuguese ». The Portuguese Eurasians have in fact assimilated Malay culture but at the same time maintained their Portuguese heritage as reflected in the arts and language and religion. The Luso-Malay descendents can best be described as an ethno-marginal community whereby a minority having assimilated into the dominant Malay culture retain significant aspects of their Portuguese heritage. Identity Identity is to know oneself. There has been times when the Malacca Eurasian is confused as to where he belongs. In 1974, an article was 262 Gerard FERNANDIS published in Asia Magazine, People without a Country-Portuguese in Malacca seek self-identity, by Arnold Abrams.
    [Show full text]