Cronología Del Alto El Fuego
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16Th of December 2020 Dear Vice-President Schinas, Dear
16th of December 2020 Dear Vice-President Schinas, Dear Commissioner Johansson, Last September we reported to you about the dramatic situation of migrants and refugees and the local population on the island of Lesvos after the fire in the Moria camp. In the letter we sent you, we already warned you about the inhuman conditions in the new Kara Tepe camp: no access to water or electricity, no proper sanitation, no medication or the possibility of implementing Covid19 prevention measures. We also denounced the unacceptable treatment of people who were covid-positive, locked behind a fence but without adequate hygiene measures. Two months ago we said that the site did not have the environmental and geographical conditions to give shelter to these people: that it was exposed to wind, humidity and cold. At that time, the justification of the European Union and the Greek government was that the urgent and sudden nature of the accident had forced the establishment of the new camp in record time, even though we had already warned that this justification was not valid. It was only a matter of time before such a tragedy occurred. It is in this context that we again denounce with great sorrow the situation in which the Kara Tepe camp finds itself. After the fire, the Commission rushed to say that there would be no more Morias. But the truth is that the conditions in which they find themselves are even worse despite the colossal amounts of money supposedly spent on works for this “temporary” camp. Hence, more than 8,000 people living in tents in Kara Tepe are exposed to inhuman conditions and, on top of it all, this week they have been flooded. -
Letter to the Commission Regarding Printers Voluntary Agreement
Brussels, Wednesday 26th of May To: Mr Virginijus Sinkevičius, European Commissioner for Environment, Oceans and Fisheries Mr Thierry Breton, European Commissioner for the Internal Market Mr Frans Timmermans, European Commission Executive Vice-President for the European Green Deal We urge the European Commission to keep its promises and propose a regulatory measure addressing the durability and repairability of printers as well as the reusability of cartridges as part of the forthcoming Circular Electronics Initiative. And we ask that the Commission rejects the proposed voluntary agreement drafted by manufacturers. The Commission's flagship Circular Economy Action Plan, adopted in March 2020, has set out to address the entire life cycle of products and tackle their premature obsolescence notably by promoting the right to repair for ICT products. In addition to mobile phones, laptops and tablets, the Plan has rightfully identified printers as a particularly wasteful product category, and has included a commitment to tackle them by means of a dedicated regulatory instrument “unless the sector reaches an ambitious voluntary agreement” by September 2020. Nearly one year later, the discussions on the voluntary agreement have not yielded any tangible results. Voluntary approaches clearly do not work. We need strong regulatory action now. We are extremely concerned by this situation. Not only because of the negative impacts of short-lived printers on the environment and on consumers but also because we are witnessing promises made being walked back on. Printers are one of the most iconic examples of premature obsolescence. Our analysis of printers in use today suggests that over 80% of them have been in use for less than 3 years, and only about 4% have been in use for 5 years or longer. -
Ezker Abertzalearen Bilakaera 02.Formakuntzako Bigarren Blokea
Ezker Abertzalearen bilakaera 02.Formakuntzako bigarren blokea formakuntza ernaigazte.cc 2014ko uda Teoria maite dugulako nahi dugu praktika bizi, praktikan bizi. Egunero borrokaren bi- dea argitzen duten iraultzaile errepresaliatu guztiei. Eta bidean galdu ditugunei. AURKIBIDEA: 0. HERRI TXIKI BATEN HISTORIA HANDIA: 1. SORRERA ETA INSURREKZIO FASEA Testuingurua / Lehenengo hazia: EKIN / Ibilbide luze baten hasiera / Lehenengo asanblada / Bigarren eta hirugarren asanbladak / “Intelektualei karta” eta euskal udaberria / Laugarren asanblada V. Asanblada / Espiralaren hasiera / Oinordekotza galtzearen beldurra / Ogro Operazioa / Langile Frontea / Miliak eta Polimiliak / Galderak 2. HAUSTURA ALA ERREFORMA Testuingurua / Transakzio demokratikoa / Lehenengo hauteskundeak eta estrategia aldaketa / KAS alternatiba / Borroka da bide bakarra / Gerra zikinak etenik ez / Lehen aldiz hauteskundeetan / Gernikako Estatutua / Jarrai, Kas-Blokearen barne / Lemoiz apurtu! / Euskadiko Ezkerraren saldukeria / PSOE gobernuan / Beruna negoziazioaren truk / Soldaduska honi ez! / Arjelera bidea / Ezker Abertzalea aitzindari / Ajuria Eneako paktua / Galderak 3. ARGELETIK LIZARRA-GARAZIRA Testuingurua / Argeleko negoziaketak / Argelen ajeak eta Bidart Bide baten amaiera / Txinaurri prozesua, Nazio Eraikuntza / Matxinada Lizarrara bidea / Lizarra-Garazi akordioak, prozesu Soberanista / Blokeoruntz / Galderak 4. ILEGALIZAZIO FASEA Testuingurua / Terrorearen kontrako guda Euskal Herrian / Haika gazte, jaiki hadi / Ezker Abertzalea legez kanpo / Martxoaren 11 / Anoetako -
The Case of Eta
Cátedra de Economía del Terrorismo UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales DISMANTLING TERRORIST ’S ECONOMICS : THE CASE OF ETA MIKEL BUESA* and THOMAS BAUMERT** *Professor at the Universidad Complutense of Madrid. **Professor at the Catholic University of Valencia Documento de Trabajo, nº 11 – Enero, 2012 ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the sources of terrorist financing for the case of the Basque terrorist organization ETA. It takes into account the network of entities that, under the leadership and oversight of ETA, have developed the political, economic, cultural, support and propaganda agenda of their terrorist project. The study focuses in particular on the periods 1993-2002 and 2003-2010, in order to observe the changes in the financing of terrorism after the outlawing of Batasuna , ETA's political wing. The results show the significant role of public subsidies in finance the terrorist network. It also proves that the outlawing of Batasuna caused a major change in that funding, especially due to the difficulty that since 2002, the ETA related organizations had to confront to obtain subsidies from the Basque Government and other public authorities. Keywords: Financing of terrorism. ETA. Basque Country. Spain. DESARMANDO LA ECONOMÍA DEL TERRORISMO: EL CASO DE ETA RESUMEN Este artículo tiene por objeto el análisis de las fuentes de financiación del terrorismo a partir del caso de la organización terrorista vasca ETA. Para ello se tiene en cuenta la red de entidades que, bajo el liderazgo y la supervisión de ETA, desarrollan las actividades políticas, económicas, culturales, de propaganda y asistenciales en las que se materializa el proyecto terrorista. -
439 DÍAS. De Cómo ZAPATERO Buscó La PAZ
439 DÍAS. De cómo ZAPATERO buscó la PAZ. - 2 - A las víctimas del terrorismo. A Jesús Bueno. - 3 - Quiero agradecer la colaboración de todos aquellos que me han ayudado de un modo u otro a la elaboración de este trabajo y muy especialmente a Jesús Bueno, licenciado en Historia y director del trabajo; Fernando Berlín, periodista; y Ana Pastor, presentadora de 59” en TVE. Gracias a Eduardo Madina, diputado del PSOE y víctima del terrorismo e Iñaki Gabilondo, periodista. Gracias a todos aquellos que se dejaron entrevistar para hacer este trabajo, a aquellos que me dedicaron tiempo para sacarme de dudas y a aquellos que me proporcionaron una plataforma para poder hacer algunas entrevistas: PERIODISTA DIGITAL (periódico en castellano online más leído), Cadena SER (líder de la radio española según el EGM); CITY FM (300.000 oyentes según Infortecnia); y Radiocable (Premio Ondas 2006). - 4 - ÍNDICE 1 Introducción. 6 2 Del origen del nacionalismo vasco al nacimiento de ETA. 9 3 ETA y su historia. 3.1 ETA y el franquismo. 16 3.2 ETA, la llegada de la democracia y los Gobiernos de Felipe González. 22 3.3 ETA y el Gobierno de José María Aznar. 25 4 439 días. 31 5 Conclusión. 41 6 Fuentes de información. 46 ANEXO DE ENTREVISTAS 1 Entrevista exclusiva del autor a Iñaki Gabilondo. 51 2 Entrevista exclusiva del autor a Eduardo Madina. 57 3 Entrevista del autor a Iñaki Anasagasti. 65 4 Entrevista del autor a Vicente Martínez Pujalte. 67 5 Entrevista del autor a Uxue Barkos. 73 - 5 - 1 INTRODUCCIÓN A finales de la década de los cincuenta un grupo de jóvenes vascos fundaron la revista Ekin. -
Assessing ETA's Strategies of Terrorism
Small Wars & Insurgencies ISSN: 0959-2318 (Print) 1743-9558 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fswi20 End of the cycle: assessing ETA’s strategies of terrorism Charles W. Mahoney To cite this article: Charles W. Mahoney (2018) End of the cycle: assessing ETA’s strategies of terrorism, Small Wars & Insurgencies, 29:5-6, 916-940 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2018.1519300 Published online: 07 Mar 2019. Submit your article to this journal View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fswi20 SMALL WARS & INSURGENCIES 2018, VOL. 29, NOS. 5–6, 916–940 https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2018.1519300 End of the cycle: assessing ETA’s strategies of terrorism Charles W. Mahoney Department of Political Science, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA ABSTRACT In May 2018, the Basque insurgent group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) officially disbanded after a 60-year struggle. This inquiry assesses ETA’s violent cam- paigns using recent conceptual and theoretical advancements from the field of terrorism studies. Three conclusions concerning the group’s strategies of terrorism are advanced. First, ETA regularly targeted civilians to achieve goals other than coercing the Government of Spain; these objectives included out- bidding rival separatist groups and spoiling negotiation processes. Second, ETA’s most rapid period of organizational growth occurred as the result of an aggressive terrorist campaign, demonstrating that civilian targeting can serve as a stimulus to rebel group recruitment. Finally, while terrorism did not advance ETA’s primary political objective of creating an independent Basque state, it did enable the group to assume a leading position within the radical Basque separatist movement, helping extend ETA’s lifespan and making the group an embedded actor within the contentious political processes surround- ing the question of Basque self-determination. -
Brussels, 17 September 2020 Dear Prime Minister Stefan Löfven, Dear
Brussels, 17 September 2020 Dear Prime Minister Stefan Löfven, Dear Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Environment and Climate Isabella Lövin, We, Members of the European Parliament, are writing to ask the Swedish government to stop the expansion of the Preemraff oil refinery in Lysekil. As we have been made aware, it is now in the hands and power of your government to stop this huge fossil fuel project, locking our societies into further fossil fuel dependency. The message from scientists and the global environmental movement is unambiguous: Fossil fuels are not the future. If your government would grant Preemraff permission to expand, the refinery’s emissions would increase by 1 million tons of carbon dioxide per year, making it Sweden’s single biggest source of carbon dioxide emissions. As you are well aware, climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. Several parliaments around the world, including the European Parliament, have declared a climate urgency. A global youth movement, spearheaded by Swedish activist Greta Thunberg, is calling for an immediate, radical change to fight the global warming of the planet. Two years ago, the Swedish Climate Act was passed in the parliament, obliging the government’s climate policy to be aligned with the climate targets leading to zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 and to negative net emissions after 2045. In your annual government declaration, on September 8, you stated that ”We are the leading nation in the world fighting climate change.” We recognize the international voice and the important work done by the Swedish government to counteract climate change, and we welcome Sweden’s ambition to be a model nation in promoting and implementing progressive climate policies. -
++ 2021 Februari 01.02.21 “De Wolven Spitsten De Oren” Met Het Oog
43 ++ 2021 Februari 01.02.21 “De wolven spitsten de oren” Met het oog op de verkiezingen in Catalonië op 14 februari sprak de gematigde Baskische Krant “Noticias de Gipúzkoa” met Joan Tardà, voormalig volksvertegenwoordiger voor de “Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya” “Linkse Republikeinen van Catalonië”. Als Tardà (Cornellà de Llobregat, 1953) op het spreekgestoelte van het Spaanse Congres stond spitsten zelfs de wolven de oren. Het voorbije jaar gaf hij, na 15 “tropenjaren”, het stokje door aan Gabriel Rufián. Hij liet een boek achter met de enigszins vreemde titel “En defensa pròpia” (ter zelfverdediging). Arnaldo Otegi schreef het voorwoord en Tardà is hem daar dankbaar voor... Tardà zegt dat hij nu nog “slechts” militant is van Esquerra Republicana maar lid blijft van de Partijraad. “Wij zijn republikeinen, geen nationalisten. We zijn een natie en elke natie heeft het recht op zijn soevereiniteit door een Republiek”. Tardà (L) heeft een bijzonder goed opvolger: Gabriel Rufián (radicaal L) 02.02.21 Voormalig Generaal Enrique Rodríguez Galindo zit met het Coronavirus Enrique Rodríguez Galindo was bevelhebber van de Kazerne van de Guardia Civil in San Sebastian. Onder zijn bevel gebeurden verschrikkelijke dingen. Zo werd hij zélf tot 75 jaar veroordeeld voor de ontvoering in Bayonne (15 oktober 1983) van Josean Lasa en Joxi Zabala (“Lasa en Zabala”) die hij in San Sebastian liet folteren tot ze bijna dood waren. Daarna liet hij ze naar het Zuiden van Spanje verslepen waar ze naast een gegraven kuil werden doodgeschoten en in de grond gestopt. Als bij wonder ontdekte een herdershond de lijken! Galindo werd tot 75 jaar veroordeeld maar kwam snel “vrij om gezondheidsredenen”… In 2013, precies 30 jaar na de ontvoering van Lasa en Zabala, kwam hij definitief vrij. -
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HispanismeS Revue de la Société des Hispanistes Français 16 | 2020 Langues en contact avec l’espagnol et défis sociétaux Radicalización nacionalista en Cataluña y pacificación en el País Vasco Un breve análisis del tiempo presente Radicalisation nationaliste en Catalogne et pacification au Pays basque. Une brève analyse de l'époque actuelle Nationalist radicalisation in Catalonia and pacification in the Basque Country. A brief analysis of the present time Mathieu Petithomme Edición electrónica URL: https://journals.openedition.org/hispanismes/757 DOI: 10.4000/hispanismes.757 ISSN: 2270-0765 Editor Société des Hispanistes Français Referencia electrónica Mathieu Petithomme, «Radicalización nacionalista en Cataluña y pacificación en el País Vasco», HispanismeS [En línea], 16 | 2020, Publicado el 01 diciembre 2020, consultado el 31 agosto 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/hispanismes/757 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/hispanismes.757 Este documento fue generado automáticamente el 31 agosto 2021. Les contenus de cette revue sont mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. Radicalización nacionalista en Cataluña y pacificación en el País Vasco 1 Radicalización nacionalista en Cataluña y pacificación en el País Vasco Un breve análisis del tiempo presente Radicalisation nationaliste en Catalogne et pacification au Pays basque. Une brève analyse de l'époque actuelle Nationalist radicalisation in Catalonia and pacification in the Basque Country. A brief analysis of the present time Mathieu Petithomme Introducción Desde hace más de una década, en el contexto posterior a la crisis económica del 2008, un marco de referencia casi monolítico se ha impuesto en los medios de comunicación y en el espacio público, según el cual estaríamos asistiendo en Europa al auge de los «nacionalismos» y de los «separatismos». -
Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made from the Original Document
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 447 692 FL 026 310 AUTHOR Breathnech, Diarmaid, Ed. TITLE Contact Bulletin, 1990-1999. INSTITUTION European Bureau for Lesser Used Languages, Dublin (Ireland). SPONS AGENCY Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium). PUB DATE 1999-00-00 NOTE 398p.; Published triannually. Volume 13, Number 2 and Volume 14, Number 2 are available from ERIC only in French. PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) LANGUAGE English, French JOURNAL CIT Contact Bulletin; v7-15 Spr 1990-May 1999 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC16 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Ethnic Groups; Irish; *Language Attitudes; *Language Maintenance; *Language Minorities; Second Language Instruction; Second Language Learning; Serbocroatian; *Uncommonly Taught Languages; Welsh IDENTIFIERS Austria; Belgium; Catalan; Czech Republic;-Denmark; *European Union; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Italy; *Language Policy; Luxembourg; Malta; Netherlands; Norway; Portugal; Romania; Slovakia; Spain; Sweden; Ukraine; United Kingdom ABSTRACT This document contains 26 issues (the entire output for the 1990s) of this publication deaicated to the study and preservation of Europe's less spoken languages. Some issues are only in French, and a number are in both French and English. Each issue has articles dealing with minority languages and groups in Europe, with a focus on those in Western, Central, and Southern Europe. (KFT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. N The European Bureau for Lesser Used Languages CONTACT BULLETIN This publication is funded by the Commission of the European Communities Volumes 7-15 1990-1999 REPRODUCE AND PERMISSION TO U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MATERIAL HAS Office of Educational Research DISSEMINATE THIS and Improvement BEEN GRANTEDBY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has beenreproduced as received from the personor organization Xoriginating it. -
Tribunal Superior De Justicia Del Pais Vasco Sala De Lo Civil Y Penal
TRIBUNAL SUPERIOR DE JUSTICIA DEL PAIS VASCO SALA DE LO CIVIL Y PENAL EAEko AUZITEGI NAGUSIA ZIBILEKO ETA ZIGOR-ARLOKO SALA BILBAO N.I.G. / IZO: 00.01.1-06/001604 Diligencias previas / Aurretiazko eginbideak 1/06 AUTO MAGISTRADO-INSTRUCTOR ILMO. SR. D. ROBERTO SAIZ FERNÁNDEZ. En BILBAO (BIZKAIA), a veintiocho de junio de dos mil siete. HECHOS PRIMERO.- El día 27 de abril de 2006 se presentó escrito de querella y documentos por la Procuradora de los Tribunales Dña. Lorena Elósegui Ibarnavarro, en representación de la Asociación Social y Cultural Foro Ermua, imputándose al Excmo. Sr. D. Juan José Ibarretxe la autoría de los delitos de prevaricación del art. 404 del Código Penal (en adelante CP), de reunión ilegal del art. 513 CP y de denegación de auxilio para impedir la comisión de un delito del art. 412.3 CP, considerándole, al propio tiempo, cooperador necesario en los delitos de desobediencia del art. 556 CP y de quebrantamiento de medida cautelar del art. 468 CP, cuya autoría imputa, junto con el de reunión ilegal del art. 513 CP, a los otros tres querellados: D. Arnaldo Otegui Mondragón, D. Pernando Barrena y D. Juan José Petrikorena. Mediante Auto, de 6 de junio de 2006, se acordó admitir a trámite la querella por los delitos de desobediencia y quebrantamiento de medida cautelar frente a todos los querellados. Contra dicho Auto se interpuso por la Procuradora Sra. Lorena Elósegui Ibarnavarro recurso de súplica, solicitando se incluyera entre los delitos objeto de instrucción, en relación con el Excmo. Sr. D. Juan José Ibarretxe Markuartu, además de los ya admitidos, el de prevaricación recogido en el art. -
Redalyc.Strategies of Psychological Terrorism Perpetrated by ETA's
Psicothema ISSN: 0214-9915 [email protected] Universidad de Oviedo España Martín-Peña, Javier; Rodríguez-Carballeira, Álvaro; Escartín Solanelles, Jordi; Porrúa García, Clara; Willem Winkel, Frans Strategies of psychological terrorism perpetrated by ETA's network: Delimitation and classification Psicothema, vol. 22, núm. 1, 2010, pp. 112-117 Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=72712699018 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Psicothema 2010. Vol. 22, nº 1, pp. 112-117 ISSN 0214 - 9915 CODEN PSOTEG www.psicothema.com Copyright © 2010 Psicothema Strategies of psychological terrorism perpetrated by ETA’s network: Delimitation and classification Javier Martín-Peña, Álvaro Rodríguez-Carballeira, Jordi Escartín Solanelles, Clara Porrúa García and Frans Willem Winkel* Universidad de Barcelona and * Tilburg University This paper defines and analyzes the harassment perpetrated by ETA’s terrorist network in the Basque Country, providing a taxonomy of its strategies of psychological violence. The usefulness of this taxonomy has been tested and contrasted by means of a content analysis of 19 testimonies of persons who were the victims of violence by the terrorist network. The taxonomy of strategies of psychological violence is made up of four dimensions that emphasize the actions on the context of the persons affected, and on their emotional state, cognitions, and behaviour. Results show the predominance of emotional and cognitive strategies. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability analysis in coding showed a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of .92 and .87, respectively.