Modernising Social Policy for the New Life Course
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Modernising Social Policy for the New Life Course For many decades, social policy interventions were limited to assist and insure against a limited number of well-defined risks. As a result of diverse and ongoing social trends, however, the social order based on standard employment relations, the male breadwinner model and social security in defined but exceptional circumstances, has changed. New social risks have emerged and are often mutually reinforcing. Different groups of individuals are likely to respond to these risks differently. The development of new risks, or the additional complexity of those risks already existing, raises key questions for social policy. In order to address these issues, the OECD held a seminar in Paris on 31 May and 1 June 2007 to develop responses to these emerging challenges. The fundamental policy question addressed in the seminar was whether the current designs of social protection systems in OECD societies are well-suited to contemporary life-course realities. The seminar looked in detail at recent policy developments in OECD countries to develop more flexible time-based social policies, as well as related issues, such as asset-based welfare Modernising Social Policy programmes, as well as policies to encourage redistribution of income and/or time over the life course and how these might be structured most effectively. for the New Life Course Modernising Social Policy for the New Life Course and is essential reading for anyone interested in current developments in social policy. presents the topics discussed at this seminar SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTEC LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LI SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL Modernising Social Policy for the New Life Course Life New the for Policy Social Modernising LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECT SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COU SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION The full text of this book is available on line via t www.sourceoecd.org/socialissues/9789264041264 Those with access to all OECD books on line should use this link: hi www.sourceoecd.org/9789264041264 s link: SourceOEC For more informationD is the aboutOECD’s this online award-winning library of books, service periodicals and free trials and askstatistical your librarian, databases. or write to us at [email protected] . LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECT SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COU ����������������������� SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LI ISBN 978-92-64-04126-4 LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE 812007171cov.indd 1 81 2007 17 1 P LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIA -:HSTCQE=UYVW[Y: LIFE COURSE SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE SOCIAL SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE COURSE LIFE RISKS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL PROTECTION LIFE RISKS LIFE COURSE LIFE COURSE LIF 22-Nov-2007 9:27:00 AM Copy of Faux-titre.fm Page 1 Thursday, November 29, 2007 4:20 PM Modernising Social Policy for the New Life Course Faux-titre.fm Page 2 Thursday, November 29, 2007 9:57 AM ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD 2007 No reproduction, copy, transmission or translation of this publication may be made without written permission. Applications should be sent to OECD Publishing [email protected] or by fax 33 1 45 24 99 30. Permission to photocopy a portion of this work should be addressed to the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, fax 33 1 46 34 67 19, [email protected] or (for US only) to Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, fax 1 978 646 8600, [email protected]. FOREWORD – 3 Foreword For many decades, social policy interventions were designed to assist and insure against a limited number of well-defined risks. As a result of various ongoing social trends, however, the nature and scope of these risks has changed – the social order based on standard employment relations, the male breadwinner model and social security in defined but exceptional circumstances is no longer relevant. New risks have emerged. Different groups of individuals respond to risks differently. The development of these new risks, new social relations and differing responses to risks raises key questions for social policy. To address these issues, the OECD held a seminar in Paris on May 31 and 1 June 2007 to analyse and review responses to these emerging challenges. The seminar covered a range of topics, including conceptual issues, such as the rationale for government intervention in the life course; empirical questions, such as evidence for increased variability in life courses, and the actual amount and form of redistribution across the life course that currently takes place in existing tax and benefit systems; and more policy-focused questions on the range of existing policy interventions and their effectiveness. This volume presents the main messages that emerged during the seminar, and the contributions to the seminar itself. This report has been prepared by Anna Cristina D'Addio and Peter Whiteford, with contributions of Lans Bovenberg, Lei Delsen, Stephanie Devisscher, Christine Erhel, Colette Fagan, Michael Mendelson and Ann-Charlotte Ståhlberg. Valuable comments have been also provided during the seminar by Willem Adema, Martine Durand, Peter Hicks, Elaine Kempson, Ivar Lødemel, Gerry Mangan, Robin McKay, Amilcar Moreira and Jussi Toppila. Mark Pearson, Head of the OECD Social Policy Division, took the lead in originally developing this project and supervising it. MODERNISING SOCIAL POLICY FOR THE NEW LIFE COURSE – ISBN 978-92-64-04126-4 © OECD 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 5 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 1. From Separated Life Phases to Interrelated Life Risks – A Life-course Approach to Social Policy .................................................................