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Encountering the Shakers of the North Family Lot, Union Village, Ohio

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Encountering the Shakers of the North Family Lot, Union Village, Ohio ENCOUNTERING THE SHAKERS OF THE NORTH FAMILY LOT, UNION VILLAGE, OHIO Tracing Prosperity and Adversity— A Social History of the North Family Lot VOLUME 3 OF A 4–VOLUME M ONOGRAPH S ERIES Submitted by Submitted to Hardlines Design Company Ohio Department of Transportation 4608 Indianola Avenue Office of Environmental Services Columbus, Ohio 43214 1980 West Broad Street Columbus, Ohio 43223 January 30, 2009 ENCOUNTERING THE SHAKERS OF THE NORTH FAMILY LOT, UNION VILLAGE, OHIO Tracing Prosperity and Adversity— A Social History of the North Family Lot Submitted to Submitted by Mr. Paul Graham Hardlines Design Company Ohio Department of Transportation 4608 Indianola Avenue Office of Environmental Services Columbus, Ohio 43214 1980 West Broad Street 614.784.8733 Columbus, Ohio 43223 www.hardlinesdesign.com Prepared by Andrew R. Sewell Roy A. Hampton III Rory Krupp Volume 1: A Corner of Wisdom’s Paradise — The North Family Lot Archaeological Project Volume 2: A Clean and Lively Appearance — Landscape and Architecture of the North Family Lot Volume 3: Tracing Prosperity and Adversity — A Social History of the North Family Lot Volume 4: Simplicity Comes in All Forms — The Shaker Ceramic Industries of Union Village January 30, 2009 E NCOUNTERING THE S HAKERS OF THE N ORTH F AMILY L OT, U NION V ILLAGE, O HIO V OLUME 3: Tracing P ROSPERITY AND A DVERSITY — A S OCIAL H ISTORY OF THE N ORTH F AMILY L OT ABSTRACT This volume is the third in a four-part monograph series on the archaeological excavations and archival research undertaken at the North Family Lot of Union Village, the hub of Western Shakerism in the nineteenth century, located in Turtle Creek Township, Warren County, Ohio. This series is the result of a joint effort between the Ohio Department of Transportation–Office of Environmental Services (ODOT-OES), the Ohio Historic Preservation Office (OHPO), and Hardlines Design Company (HDC). A curve on State Route 741, which passes through the former location of Union Village, was slated for realignment; as designed, the realignment passed through the front portion of the North Family Lot. HDC was contracted in October of 2004 to perform a geophysical survey at the site and in March of 2005 to perform a Phase III data recovery, which included intensive archival research and archaeological excavation within the area affected by the curve realignment. This excavation uncovered the remains of several Shaker buildings and evidence for landscape use and modifications by the Shakers. This volume focuses on the social and economic history of the North Family Lot and how that history illuminates the culture of Shakers at Union Village as a whole. We present a detailed history of the North Family Lot, using the data from archaeological excavations and archival research to reconstruct details of the population demographics of the lot, the Shaker diet and use of animals, and the craft and agricultural industries that helped support the lot. The two appendices present detailed population tables and a comprehensive analysis of the faunal remains that we recovered from Shaker contexts at the North Family Lot. i E NCOUNTERING THE S HAKERS OF THE N ORTH F AMILY L OT, U NION V ILLAGE, O HIO V OLUME 3: Tracing P ROSPERITY AND A DVERSITY — A S OCIAL H ISTORY OF THE N ORTH F AMILY L OT VOLUME DESCRIPTIONS Volume 1: A Corner of Wisdom’s Paradise—The North Family Lot Archaeological Project This volume presents an overview of the project—its goals, methods, and a summary of its results—and suggests future avenues for research at Union Village. Volume 2: A Clean and Lively Appearance—Landscape and Architecture of the North Family Lot This volume gives an overview of the historical development of the landscape of the North Family Lot, focusing on the four-acre location of the residential core that was subject to geophysical survey and archaeological excavations. Volume 3: Tracing Prosperity and Adversity—A Social History of the North Family Lot This volume focuses on the social and economic history of the North Family Lot and how that history illuminates the culture of Shakers at Union Village as a whole. Volume 4: Simplicity Comes in All Forms—The Shaker Ceramic Industries of Union Village This volume discusses the Union Village ceramic industry by examining the Union Village Pottery, concentrating on four specific ceramic products: redware pottery, smoking pipe bowls, drainpipes, and bricks, with a special emphasis on the first two items. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This volume would not have been possible without the assistance of the following people. The 2005 field crew consisted of Steve Martin, April Boyer, Terry Glaze, Johnny Hendrix, Brooke Shouse, Rory Krupp, Katy Mollerud, Krista Wagner, Andy Muskopf, Don Stone, Marsha Pataky, Jay Baril, Vivian Honsinger, Elizabeth Seay, Pat Roach, Seweryn Kosmala, Epie Pius, Sarah McIntyre, Nicole Osswald, Erin Meekhof, Tracy Pattelena, and Ben Stewart. The 2004 geophysical survey crew included Steve Martin and Johnny Hendrix of Hardlines Design Company (HDC) and Duane Simpson and Ryan Peterson of AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc. Roy A. Hampton III and Rory Krupp performed most of the archival research for this project. Anne B. Lee provided logistical support. Susan Maughlin lent her expertise in editing technical documents to this monograph series. The staff of ODOT District 8 provided immense support in the field, from handling media inquiries to acquiring heavy machinery and aiding in the excavation. Finally, we greatly appreciate the assistance of interested researchers who have focused on the Shakers, without whom this document would be far less informative: the members of the Western Shaker Study Group, Mary Lue Warner of Otterbein Homes, Cheryl Bauer, Dr. Kim McBride, David Starbuck, Jerry Grant of the Shaker Museum and Library, and Shirley Ray, Director of the Warren County Historical Society Museum. ii E NCOUNTERING THE S HAKERS OF THE N ORTH F AMILY L OT, U NION V ILLAGE, O HIO V OLUME 3: Tracing P ROSPERITY AND A DVERSITY — A S OCIAL H ISTORY OF THE N ORTH F AMILY L OT TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................... i Volume Descriptions ................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments ...................................................................................... ii List of Figures ........................................................................................... v List of Tables ........................................................................................... vi Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................... 1 Chapter 2. The Social Development of the North Family Lot ................................. 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Union Village History and Social Structure, Before the Founding of the North Family, 1805– 1815 ............................................................................................................................................. 6 The North Family Lot as a Gathering Order Satellite Family, 1815–1828 ...................................... 10 The North Family Lot as the Central Gathering Order Family, 1828–1835 .................................... 15 The North Family Lot as Home to the Second Family, 1836–1906 ................................................ 18 Establishment of the Second Family at the North Family Lot, 1836–1839 ................................. 18 The North Family Lot Matures, 1840–1849 ................................................................................ 21 The North Family Lot in the Antebellum Era and the Civil War, 1850–1865 ............................ 23 The North Family Lot in the Post–Civil War Era, 1865–1890 .................................................... 24 The North Family Lot in the Last Years and the Closing of Union Village, 1890–1912 ............ 27 The North Family Lot in the Otterbein Homes Period, 1912–1947 ................................................. 29 Chapter 3. Details of Life at the North Family Lot .............................................31 Demographics of the North Family Lot, 1829–1906 ....................................................................... 31 Overview of Demographic Changes in the North Family Lot ..................................................... 31 North Family Lot Population in the Young Believer Years, 1815–1828 .................................... 32 North Family Lot Population in the Gathering Order Years, 1828–1835 ................................... 33 North Family Lot Population in the Second Family Years, 1836–1906 ...................................... 35 1836–1849 ............................................................................................................................... 35 1850–1859 ............................................................................................................................... 37 1860–1869 ............................................................................................................................... 38 1870–1879 ............................................................................................................................... 39 1880–1899 ..............................................................................................................................
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