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Downloads/Dialnet-Plantas Bouattoura N., 1988 - Les Ressources Phytogénétiques Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 8, Issue, 1, pp. 15155-15167, January, 2017 ISSN: 0976-3031 Research Article A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT PATHOLOGIES IN TALASSEMTANE’S NATIONAL PARK (WESTERN MOROCCO) Mariam RHATTAS1*., Allal DOUIRA2 and Lahcen ZIDANE1 1Biodiversity and Natural Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kénitra, Morocco, BP 133 2Laboratory of Botany, Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kenitra, Morocco, BP 133 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: An ethnobotanical study was followed up in order to set up a medicinal plants’ catalog to be used in Received 15th October, 2016 traditional phytotherapy against the digestive disorders in Talassemtane National Park. According to a Received in revised form 25th stratified sampling (10 administrative towns), and through the use of 930 questionnaires, we carried November, 2016 on a series of ethnobotanical field investigations during 2014. In order to collecte all the information Accepted 23rd December, 2016 which concern, the one hand, the informant profile (sex, age, and level of studies), the treated Published online 28th January, 2017 symptoms, and on the other hand, the local phytotherapy (medicinal plants, treated ailments, method of preparation, form of employment and the used parts). The obtained results made us able to list of 60 species distributed in 52 genera and 30 botanical Key words: families, which are used in soft medicine for the treatment of digestive ailments. The Apocynaceae, Ethnobotanical study, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and Polygonaceae are families which are mostly questionnaires, phytotherapy, exploited in traditional phytotherapy. Among the species which are represented according to the Talassemtane national park, percentage of citation, there is Marrubium vulgare (11.39%), Matricaria chamomilla (8.23%), soft medicine, digestive Lavandula stoechas (5.06%), Origanum grosii and Nerium oleander (4.75% each), Satureja disorders. grandiflora, Melissa officinalis et Laurus nobilis (3.48% each), Myrtus communis, Mentha pulegium et Eupatorium cannabinum (3.16% each), Calamintha officinalis, Cynara baetica, Rumex pulcheret Thymus zygis (1.90% each). The latin vernacular and scientific names, the used parts of the plant, recipes, preparation methods of the ethno-medicinal use, as well as the phytotherapeutical actions are presented in a table. In addition, 55.70% of the surveyed women, regardless of their age, use the preparations of the therapeutical recipes on the basis of plants which are gathered from the park while men represent only 44.30%. Most of the interviewees reported that they practice soft medicine in order to treat the digestive system diseases thanks to its very low cost and also its therapeutical virtues which the medicinal plants represent. © Copy Right, IJRSR, 2017, Academic Journals. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION diagnosis of symptoms is mostly based on the phyto- therapeutic knowledge of herbalists or traditional healers Medicinal plants have long been the main source of medical themselves. care in many developing countries due to the absence of appropriate medical care (Tabuti et al., 2003). Thanks to its Medicinal plants and natural remedies in general have long biogeographic position, Morocco offers very wide ecosystem been the principal and the only recourse to treat pathologies, as diversity reflected in floristic diversity. It is, therefore, well as the raw material for modern medicine (Jean and Jiri, considered as one of the Mediterranean countries whose 1983). Several researchers have been carrying out studies to populations have acquired the know-how in the use of better understand the heritage of wildlife species used in medicinal plants (Scherrer et al., 2005). Indeed, the Moroccan traditional medicine. Their usage, their indications in various pharmacopoeia was developed and enriched by the knowledge pathologies and their active principles has been studied for provided by different ethnic groups who migrated to Morocco some twenty years (Djebaili, 1984, Bouattoura, 1988, Maizak from different regions (Bellakhdar, 1997) and who made et al., 1993). medicinal plants constitute a treasure trove of information for Within this perspective, the prospective and analytical those deciding to approach their daily ailments differently and ethnobotanical study on fresh medicine practiced by the neglecting the chemical modern medicine (Hseini et al., 2007). population of the national park of Talassemtane (Morocco's In Morocco, traditional medicine has become easily practiced western Rif) aims at the transcription of the oral heritage in by most users whether in urban or rural areas, and the terms of the naturalist knowledge and the plant species *Corresponding author: Mariam RHATTAS Biodiversity and Natural Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kénitra, Morocco, BP 133 International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, Vol. 8, Issue, 1, pp. 15155-15167, January, 2017 inventory used traditionally in an ethno-pharmacological Talassemtane (2,000 ha.), Tazaout (1,000 ha) and various perspective against the diseases of the digestive tract. The scattered massifs. scientific name, the vernacular name (s), the used parts, the Socio-economic environment local traditional uses of these species as well as the methods of preparation and the forms of administration of the remedies are The local population is originally Amazigh of the Ghomara reported in this study. ethnic group although it has lost most of its original Tamazight language. It is unequally populated with the large central areas MATERIAL AND METHODS slightly inhabited and other areas with high population Study area concentration. The population within this park is estimated at 20 000 inhabitants, with a density of 35 Hab. / Hectare Location (Hmimsa, 2006). The National Park of Talassemtane covers an area of 58,950 Epistemological Approach to Research ha, limited to the North by Tissikiste river, Amarhousse Douars, Arhiniâme and Souk el Had and by Oued Kanar and The surveys were conducted in 2014 by using questionnaires Douars of Assimrane and Assifane to the East. Southward, the with a sample of randomly selected individuals representing park is bounded by the trail linking Assifane to the main road the population of Talassemtane National Park in order to 39 which is stretched till Bab Taza and it is bounded to the gather as much information as possible about the local west by Douar Béni Zid, Aïn Tissimlane, Tarhzoute, Jbel Sidi knowledge and uses of medicinal plants. The interviews were Salah and Tamalout. based on a survey sheet developed to collect the informants’ comments and establish the list of medicinal plants Administrative situation traditionally used for the treatment of the digestive tract The park straddles the two provinces of Chefchaouen (80% of diseases. The answers were given on the nature of the remedies its surface area) and Tetouan (20% of its surface area) used. Then, we botanically identified the collected herbarium including six rural communes belonging to Chefchaouen and according to the following works: four rural communes to Tetouan (Hmimsa, 2006). The traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia Table 1 Administrative division of the National Park of (Bellakhder, 1997). Talassemtane (PDAPPNT, 2004). The Practical Flora of Morocco, Volume 1 and 2 (Fanane et al., 1999-2007); Province Cercle Commune Bab Bab Taza The New Flora of Algeria and the Southern Desert Taza Beni Derkoul Regions, Volume I and II (Quezel et al., 1962); Talembote Chefchaouen The Medicinal Plants and Aromatic Moroccan, Bou Tassift Economic Feasibility Study to Invest in the Sector of Ahmed Beni Selmane Steha Medicinal and aromatic Plants (Hmamouchi, 1999). Al Ouad Al Hamra Ethnobotany study Tétouan Tétouan Bni Said The location of the different survey environments was Oulad Ali Mansour identified by stratified sampling techniques (Daget and Godron, 1982, cited by Kahouadji, 1986). These techniques The park territory corresponds to the southern portion of the seemed suitable for carrying out the several ethnobotanical the Rifian mountain chain, which includes the calcareous surveys from one area to another throughout the study. We ridge, the Paleozoic zone (siliceous substrate, formed by sought to delimit and prospect the maximum points in the schists) and the Tizighene nappes (being part of the ultra-rifian studied area. For attaining this purpose, a campaign of five nappes formed by fine sand alternating with clayey shales). It field missions (April, May, June, July, August) of 5 is characterized by the high relief of Jbel Lakrâa (2159 m) and consecutive days was scheduled during 2014, and 930 Jbel Kelti (1926 m) (Hmimsa, 2006). questionnaires were prepared and corrected. We equally Being located in the western Rif, the Talassemtane National conducted ethnobotanical surveys in the study area (Figure 2), Park has an original climate compared to other Moroccan which allowed us to collect two types of data: the data on the mountains (Benabid, 1982): informant’s profile (sex, age, and level of study) on the one hand, and the medicinal plants on the other (method of An oceanization and a general softening of the preparation, and the used part, and the treated diseases). climate are translated
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