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Abbe K-Mirror, 1510, 1511 Abbe Prism, 229, 230, 254 Aberrations, 34 Index A Activation function(s), 1097, 1098, 1100 Abbe K-mirror, 1510, 1511 Active infrared, 399 Abbe prism, 229, 230, 254 Active lighting, 627 Aberrations, 34, 174, 193, 196–200, 204, 209, 228, Active pattern projection, 43 246, 342, 350, 1363, 1373, 1389, 1426, 1461, Active pixel sensor (APS), 385 1496, 1497, 1543 48V Actuation system power supply, 1311 Abnormalities in manufactured parts, 1080 Actuators, 938, 1118, 1129–1131 Abrasives, 1544 – controller, 1310–1311 Absentee layers, 188–189 – system, 1310–1313 Absolute value, 1578, 1579, 1608, 1667, 1741 Acuity of camera, 492 Absorber, 163, 183, 253 Adaptation, 90, 93, 99–100, 107, 108, 111, 114 Absorbing materials, 183, 253 Adaptive logic module, 1108 Absorption, 162–168, 170, 180, 227, 246, 253 Adaptive LUTs, 1108 Absorption coefficient, 163, 522, 525, 526 Adaptive thresholding, 555, 1281 Absorptive ND filters, 227–228 ADC. See Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) Abstract concepts, 1055, 1056 Adding new QT functions, 912–914 Abstract logical reasoning, 43 Adding/removing subclassifiers, 688, 689 Abstract relationships, 1033, 1056 Adding two images, 578 Acceptable, 1033, 1046, 1048, 1059, 1064, 1070 Add-on hardware, 43 Acceptable loaf or cake, 70 Adhesive, 33, 1395, 1501 Acceptable solution, 699 – joints, 1551, 1553 ‘Acceptable’ textures, 840 Ad hoc, 782, 784, 796, 1292 Accept/reject, 16, 1071 – solution, 1285 – actuators, 540 Adjacency, 620 – deflector (array of air jets), 1429–1431 4-Adjacency, 601 – mechanism, 532, 1141, 1489 8-Adjacency, 601 Accessories, 452, 464 Adjustable field splitter, 1386, 1388, 1515 Accommodation, 91, 102–103, 110, 111 Adjusting the spectrum, 125–127 Accumulating the histogram, 1120, 1126 ADM. See Angle DistanceMap (ADM) Accumulator array, 613 Adobe illustrator, 2088 Accuracy, 1262, 1271, 1272, 1274, 1279, 1280, 1283 Adobe Photoshop, 57 – of calibration, 1306 Adobe RGB, 142, 441 Acetate, 1474, 1476, 1546 Aerial/satellite image, 17 Acetone, 175, 248–250 Aerosol, 1335 Achromat, 198, 254 – assembly, 13 Achromatic colours, 151 – droplet/particle sizes, 1456 Achromatic doublet, 198, 254 – spray, 30, 1353, 1355, 1454, 1456, 1503, Achromatic feature, 679 1540, 1542 Achromatic lenses, 198, 254, 504 – assembly, 521, 530, 1558, 1586 Achromatic (neutral) tones, 672 – cone, 1503, 1540 Acid resistance, 177, 178 – jet, 13 Acousto-optic modulators, 1450 – valve, 520 AC power regulation, 552 Aesthetic appeal, 44, 1290 Acquiring image, 953 Aesthetic appearance, 63 Acquisition of images, 463 Aesthetic criteria, 55 Acryilic, 175 Aesthetic judgment, 70 Acrylic resin, 272, 277 Afterglow, 517, 518 2210 Index AGC. See Automatic gain control (AGC) Ambient temperature, 457 Aging, 288, 291, 300, 552 Ambiguity distance, 626 – of lamps, 1301 Ambiguous figure, 106 Agriculture, 17, 56, 62, 63, 66, 77 Amdahl’s law, 105, 1107, 1134 AGV. See Autonomously guided vehicle (AGV) – of parallelism, 1105 Ahrens bi-refringent material, 1535 American National Standards Institute, 150 AI language, 683, 1033 Amethyst, 175 Air-borne droplets, 1454 Amici roof prism, 231, 233, 254 Air bubbles, 510, 1202, 1220, 1427, 1454, 1489, Ammonium chloride, 1503 1490, 1541 Amorphous carbon, 183, 253 Aircraft turbine blades, 44 Amorphous selenium, 458 Air-glass interface, 164, 165, 167, 226, 238, 239 Amorphous silicon, 404, 417–148 Air-jet purge, 210 Amorphous silicon panels, 417–418 Air purge, 72, 1410, 1432, 1504, 1541, 1550 Amphibians, 110 Airy disc, 200 Amplitude, 164, 165, 168, 169, 234–236 Alcohol, 118, 175, 249 Analog logarithmic amplifier, 545, 557, 564 Algorithms, 9, 11, 17, 19, 20, 31, 41, 43, 45, 47, Analog logarithmic transformation, 556, 558 49–51, 53–56 Analogue hardware, 708 – development environment, 982, 1314 Analogue inputs, 944, 978 – heuristics, 18 Analogue outputs, 944, 978 – optimisation, 1115, 1121–1122 Analogue processing, 6, 18 – robustness, 1206 Analogue television, 479, 481 – tuning, 1104, 1131–1132 Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC), 385, 388, 391, Aliasing, 420, 422 449, 461, 464, 555 Alignment, 239, 252–253, 1244, 1245 Analysis, 774, 781, 792–794, 796 ALIS 600, 28, 1420, 1423 – beam profiles, 314–316 Alkali and phosphate resistance, 178 – binary texture, 1324–1328 Allegro 3121 Hall effect sensor, 1312 – a compound lens, 193–194 Alligators, 111 – lighting patterns, 315 Allowable deviations, 1230 – pairs of images, 1153 Alloy casting, 2078 – texture, 63 Alloy toroidal component, 32 Anamorphic image transformation, 216 Alpha classifier, 1087, 1089, 1090 Anamorphic imaging, 1537 Alphanumeric characters, 47 Anamorphic mirrors, 212–213 Alternate, 1107–1110, 1115, 1132 Anamorphic optics, 1352, 1358–1359, 1386, 1462 Alternate image, 906–909, 912, 914, 919, 922, 925, Anamorphic prisms, 232–233 926, 928, 932, 934, 935, 950–953, 955, 962, 964–967, Anamorphic warping, 272 970, 971, 974–978, 1577, 1578, 1581, 1600, 1606, Anatomy, 118 1632, 1670, 1675, 1687, 1689, 1691, 1693, 1726, ancestor/2, 1043 1729, 1743, 1753, 1755, 1756, 1765, 1790, 1794, Anchor points, 836 1797, 1798, 1813, 1830, 1833, 1836, 1839, 1840, AND function, 578, 591 1844, 1850, 1877, 1884, 1890, 1904, 1929, 1930, ANDing two images, 592 1944, 1955, 1959 Angle distance map (ADM), 634, 639–646 Aluminium, 177, 206, 244, 245, 510, 519, 523, 537 Angle of illumination, 121, 236 – castings, 510 Angle of incidence, 164–166, 168, 184–186, 204, – coatings, 205, 249 225, 226, 237 – mirrors, 1298 Angle of polarisation, 162 – ring-pull, 523 Angles, 599, 613, 618, 920, 931, 936, 963, 967, 1207, – sheet, 337 1208, 1217, 1219 – window, 416 Angular acceptance range, 263–265 Aluminium oxide, 404 Angular dependency, 432 ‘‘Always succeed’’, 1038, 1041, 1043, 1045 Angular deviation, 2065, 2070 Amber bottle, 561–562 Angular distribution of ‘‘mass,’’ 603 Ambient light(ing), 9, 18, 20, 22, 31, 36, 38, 42, 75, 121, Angular frequency, 203 124, 133, 289, 290, 304, 336, 1203, 1205, 1298, 1341, Angular position, 602, 2066, 2079 1353, 1363, 1385, 1426, 1437–1438, 1474–1476 Angular second moment, 619 Index 2211 Animals, 62, 66, 70, 77–79, 81 Arduino, 2128 – carcasses, 63 Area-array sensor 26, 479, 482, 487–489 – eyes, 33 Area-scan, 509, 511, 516, 517 – hides, 39 – camera, 30, 40, 1203 – vision, 5, 33–34, 90–114 – rates, 429 Anisotropic diffusion filter, 1588 Argon, 1244 Anisotropy, 786, 1430 Arguments, 906, 945, 950, 953 Annealing tunnel, 55 Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), 1115 Annotating images, 1622, 1671, 1892, 1909, 1949 Arithmetic operators, 986 Annulus, 587, 1352–1354, 1364, 1386–1390, 1417, Array camera, 1352, 1357, 1363–1365, 1369, 1373, 1424–1426, 1495, 1496, 1533–1534, 1537 1383, 1396, 1411, 1415, 1439, 1456, 1467, 1480, Anomalies, 688, 689 1494, 1501, 1502, 1521, 1530, 1534, 1548 ANSI B1.1, 503 Array of LEDs, 1362, 1366, 1373, 1413, 1429, 1443, ANSI C, 1112 1466, 1467, 1470, 1479, 1541 Anti-aliasing (AA) filters, 420, 444 Array of lights, 1032 Antiblooming, 367–369, 371, 377, 379, 383 Array of logic gates, 43 Anti-extensive opening, 868 Array of spots, 1354, 1355, 1458, 1462, 1464, 1497–1499 Antilog, 700 Array representation, 704, 708–709, 724, 728–729 Antilogarithm (exponential), 575 Array-scan, 322 Antimony trisulfide, 358 Array-scan camera, 18, 20 Anti-parallel, 786 Arrays of positive integers, 805 Anti-reflective coating, 165, 184–188, 230, 243, 249, Articulated objects, 70–71, 775 254, 336, 425 Artificial day-light lamp, 125 Anti-tamper fixings, 511 Artificial intelligence (AI), 14, 43, 53, 55, 62, 1148, 1154 Any view direction, 634 Artificial intelligence language prolog, 1032 Apertures, 91, 108, 161, 199, 226, 252, 488, 493, Artificial limbs, 44 1157, 1159, 1292, 1298, 1299 Artificial neural networks, 70, 1096–1101 – effects, 423 Artificial neurons, 1096–1099 – size, 95 Artificial vision, 3–10, 12, 14, 33 Apex, left-T, right-T, 829 Asparagus, 1291, 1294, 1304 Apochromat, 199 Aspect ratio, 212, 479, 481–482, 487, 488, 1163, 1292, Appearance, 3, 4, 13, 32, 42, 46, 50 2067, 2083 Appearance is everything, 1339 Asperger’s syndrome, 302 Apple Macintosh Computers, 134 Aspheric lenses, 186, 196, 198, 254, 335 Apples, 669, 671, 679, 684, 1262 Aspheric plastic optics, 344 – diameters, 68 Assembling food products, 63 Application development environment, 982 Assembly, 4, 13, 50, 1106, 1359, 1415, 1481, 1487, Application requirements, 7, 8, 47, 58 1491, 1548, 1555 Approximate method, 698, 740, 741, 758 Assignment, 1033, 1035, 1044 – heuristics, 43 Associative, 868 Arbitrarily curved objects, 635 Astigmatism, 199, 202 Arbitrarily shaped objects, 634 Astronomical telescopes, 1461 Arbitrary Boolean function, 1107 Asymmetry, 1156 Arbitrary image textures, 874 Asynchronous area cameras, 489 Arbitrary lighting pattern, 1352, 1359–1363 Asynchronous camera, 489 Arbitrary neighbourhoods, 891 Asynchronous protocols, 501 Arbitrary operations, 891 Asynchronous triggering, 1300 Arbitrary shapes, 774, 791, 1267 Atmosphere, 161, 205, 400, 402, 403, 405, 407 Arbitrary spectrum, 125, 139, 1353, 1427–1429 Atmospheric attenuation, 406 Arbitrary templates, 873 Atmospheric window, 403 Arbitrary threshold, 792 Atomic force microscopes, 332 Archeological artifacts, 510 Atomic number, 413, 418 Archetypal machine vision system Attachment lenses, 1544 Archibald diagram, 325, 327 Attenuating medium, 41 Archimedes spiral, 1455, 1537, 1540 Attenuation of x-rays, 413 Arc lamps, 37 Attitudes, 15, 55, 57, 58 2212 Index Attractive appearance, 1285 AXI. See Automated X-ray Inspection (AXI) Attractive wood grain, 50 Axial symmetry, 345 Attributed graphs, 636 Axicons, 1372–1374, 1495, 1496, 1534 Audible noise, 1335 – conical lens, 1358, 1372–1374, 1389, 1495, Author’s web page, 917, 970 1496, 1534
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