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United States Patent {19] [11] Patent Number: 5,798,819 Hattori Et A]

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United States Patent {19] [11] Patent Number: 5,798,819 Hattori Et A] USOO5798 89A1 ‘ United States Patent {19] [11] Patent Number: 5,798,819 Hattori et a]. [45] Date of Patent: Aug. 25, 1998 [54] PROJECTION-DISPLAY APPARATUS AND 5.357.289 10/1994 Konno et a1. 353/33 METHOD PROVIDING [NIPROVED 5,575,548 11/1996 Lee .......................................... .. 353/31 iihlligglliTNEss OF PROJECTED COLOR FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 452634 2/1992 Japan ........................................ 353/8 [75] Inventors: Tetsuo HattorLYokohama; Yoshiro 457045 2/1992 Japan 353/8 , _ 0ikawa_, T0ky0_ , of Japan Primary Examiner—WilliamJapan Dowling..................................... .. [73] Asslgncc' Nlkon Corporahon' Tokyo‘ Japan Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Klarquist Sparkman Campbell 21 763 31 Leigh & Whinston. LLP [ 1 App 1. N 0 .: ,3 [57] ABSTRACT [22] Filed: Dec. 11, 1996 Methods and apparatus are disclose for obtaining a bright [30] Foreign ADI-‘million Priority Data projected color image. In a representative apparatus. polar ized beam splitters (one for each primary color of an image Dec. 12. 1995 [JP] Japan .................................. .. 7-346367 to be Pl'OJ?ClCd)_ separate p-polanzed_ light_ and s~polar1zed, [51] Int. Cl.6 ................................................... .1 G03B 21/14 light for each of the primary colors. Each separated s- and [52] US. Cl. ............................... .. 353/33; 353/20; 353/31; p-polarized light for each color enters a respective spatial 349/9 light modulator. For each primary color. modulated light [58] Field of Search .................................. .. 353/8. 20. 31. ?uxes Produced by the tW0 spatial light modulators which 353/33_ 34. 37; 349/5_ 3_ 9_ 15 perform modulation of the same image. are analyzed and integrated by the polarized beam splitters. The analyzed and [56] References Cited integrated light ?uxes for each primary color are color integrated. either by projection using separate projection U'S‘ PATENT DOCUMENTS lenses for each color, or by a cross-dichroic prism followed 4,127,322 11/1973 Jacobson et a1. .. by Projcc?on using a si?gl? 16118 5,028,121 7/1991 Baur et a1. .......... .. 5,172,254 12/1992 Atarashi et a1. ........................ .. 353/20 16 Claims, 1 Drawing Sheet US. Patent Aug. 25, 1998 5,798,819 2056 204R 204B 203 202 FIG. 2 (Prior Art) 206 I --- -<--|:7-- ~ - - - - - — — -->-————— i 1 205B 201 213 215 217 219 5.798.819 1 2 PROJECTION-DISPLAY APPARATUS AND crystal become oriented suf?ciently to become birefringent. METHOD PROVIDING IMPROVED The birefringent locus causes any s‘polarized “reading” light BRIGHTNESS OF PROJECTED COLOR (entering from the right in FIG. 3) incident on the locus to IMAGE become circularly polarized. The circularly polarized light is re?ected by the mirror layer 215 and. as the re?ected light FIELD OF THE INVENTION again passes through the liquid-crystal layer 217. the light This invention pertains to projection-display apparatus. becomes p-polan'zed light and exits the spatied light modu more speci?cally to such apparatus operable to project a lator (toward the right in FIG. 3) as modulated light. color image de?ned by multiple spatial light modulators. When no ‘Writing” light impinges on a locus of the photoconductive ?lm 213. the impedance at that locus BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION remains su?iciently high that a voltage potential does not develop across the liquid-crystal layer 217 at the locus. As A prior-art projection-display apparatus employing mul a result. molecules of the liquid (n'ystal at the locus do not tiple spatial light modulators and operable to project a color become birefringent. Any s-polarized “reading” light inci image is shown in FIG. 2. In the FIG. 2 apparatus. a white dent on the locus (from the right in FIG. 3) is optically illumination-light ?ux is emitted from a light source 201 that rotated according to the orientation of the liquid-crystal comprises. for example. a metal-halide or xenon lamp and molecules at the locus. is re?ected by the dielectric mirror re?ective parabolic mirror. The illumination-light ?ux typi 215. and again optically rotated according to the orientation cally passes through a ?lter (not shown) operable to absorb of the liquid-crystal molecules at the locus. The re?ected ultraviolet rays and a collimator (not shown) operable to 20 light exits the spatial light modulator unchanged as make parallel the rays comprising the illumination-light s-polarized light. ?ux. The illumination-light ?ux then enters a polarizing beam-splitter prism 202. The polarizing beam-splitter prism “Writing” light for the FIG. 2 embodiment is usually 202 comprises a beam-splitting layer 203 opaable to split supplied by three CRT screens (not shown). one for each primary color. The writing light is impinged on the respec the incident illumination-light ?ux into p-polarized light and 25 s-polarized light. The p-polarized light passes unaltered tive spatial light modulator 205B. 205R. 205G to “write” the through the beam-splitting layer 203 and is discarded. while video image for each color on these spatial light modulators. the s-polarized light is re?ected by the beam-splitting layer Light of a suitable wavelength for the particular photosen 203 and then separated into the three primary colors (red. sitivity of the photoconductive film 213 in each spatial light modulator is used as the writing light for each modulator; for blue. green) by passage through a blue-re?ective dichroic 30 mirror 204B (which re?ects blue and passes red and green) example. red light is optimum when the photoconductive and through a red-re?ective dichroic mirror 204R (which ?lm 213 is an amorphous silicon hydride. re?ects red and passes green). The re?ected blue s-polarized Each spatial light modulator 205R. 205B. 205G modu light impinges as “reading” light on a “blue” spatial light lates the incident “reading” light (s-polarized light) as described above according to the writing light. The re?ected modulator 205B. The re?ected red s-polarized light 35 impinges as “reading" light on a “red” spatial light modu modulated light propagates in the opposite direction from lator 205R. The green s-polarized light impinges as “read the incident direction and returns again to the dichroic ing” light on a “green” spatial light modulator 2056. mirrors 204B. 204R. where the colors of re?ected modulated The spatial light modulators 205R. 205B. 205G are usu light are integrated. The color-integrated modulated light ally re?ective-type spatial light modulators having a cross propagates into the polarizing beam-splitter prism 202 in sectional structure as shown. e.g.. in FIG. 3. The spatial light which the s-polarized component of the color-integrated modulator of FIG. 3 comprises. from the “writing” light side light is re?ected by the beam-splitting layer 203 and dis (i.e.. the left side in FIG. 3). a ?rst transparent glass substrate carded; the p-polarized component of the color-integrated 211; a ?rst transparent conductive layer (e.g.. ITO ?lm) 212 light passes through the beam-splitting layer 203 and is projected by a projection lens 206 onto a screen (not shown). operable as a first transparent electrode; a photoconductive 45 layer 213 made. e.g.. from amorphous silicon hydride; a In the prior-art apparatus described above. color separa “light-blocking” layer 214 made from. e.g.. cadmium tion and color integration are performed by the same dich tellurium; a re?ective-mirror layer 215 made from. e.g.. roic mirrors 204B. 204R. However. apparatus are known in multiple layers of dielectric; a ?rst liquid-crystal orientation the prior art where color separation and color integration are layer 216 made from. e.g. polyimide; a liquid-crystal layer 50 performed by separate dichroic mirrors or dichroic prisms. 217 operable as a light-modulation layer. a second liquid The trend in projection-display technology is toward ever crystal orientation layer 218 made from. e.g.. polyimide; a brighter projected images. Unfortunately. in prior-art appa second transparent conductive layer (e.g.. 1T0 ?lm) 219 ratus such as described above. the image cannot be made as operable as a second transparent electrode; and a second bright as desired when projected onto. e.g.. a large screen transparent glass substrate 220. The thicknesses of the 55 such as a movie screen. This is because a portion of the light re?ective-mirror layer 215 and/or the liquid-crystal layer (5- or p-polarized portion) is discarded and thus does not 217 will ditfer according to the wavelength of light with contribute to the brightness of the projected image. which the spatial light modulator is used. but the basic structure is the same for each of the spatial light modulators SUIVIMARY OF THE INVENTION 205R. 205B. 205G. An alternating-current voltage is applied The present invention addresses the shortcomings of the between the ?rst and second transparent electrodes 212. 219. prior art described above. A key object of the invention is to When a “writing” light enters from the left side in FIG. 3 provide a projection-display apparatus operable to produce and impinges on a locus of the photoconductive ?lm 213. the a brighter projected image than prior-art projection-display impedance of the photoconductive ?lm at the locus apparatus. decreases. This causes a voltage potential to develop across 65 According to a preferred embodiment of a method accord the liquid-crystal layer at that locus. At the locus and in ing to the present invention. an illumination light ?ux is response to the voltage potential. molecules of the liquid separated into separate light ?uxes corresponding to the 5.798.819 3 4 primary colors making up the illumination light ?ux. For mary colors and to direct the illumination light flux to the each light ?ux corresponding to a primary color.
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