DOCSLIB.ORG

<I>Thomomys Talpoides</I>

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 1994 A New Coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in the Northern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys talpoides) and a Comparison of Oocyst Survival in Hosts from Radon-Rich and Radon-Poor Soils P. G. Wilber University of New Mexico K. McBee Oklahoma State University D. J. Hafner New Mexico Museum of Natural History Donald W. Duszynski University of New Mexico, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Wilber, P. G.; McBee, K.; Hafner, D. J.; and Duszynski, Donald W., "A New Coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in the Northern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys talpoides) and a Comparison of Oocyst Survival in Hosts from Radon-Rich and Radon-Poor Soils" (1994). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 191. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/191 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. journal of Wildlife Diseases, 30(3). 1994. pp. 359-364 C Wildlife Disease Association 1994 A NEW COCCIDIAN (APICOMPLEXA: EIMERIIDAE) IN THE NORTHERN POCKET GOPHER (THOMOMYS TALPOIDES) AND A COMPARISON OF OOCYST SURVIVAL IN HOSTS FROM RADON-RICH AND RADON-POOR SOILS P. G. Wilber, K. McBee,2 D. J. Hafner,3 and D. W. Duszynski1 Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA 2 Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104, USA ABSTRACT: Forty (93%) of 43 northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) from the Jemez Mountains, Sandoval County, New Mexico (USA), had coccidian oocysts in their feces when examined. We describe this parasite, Eimeria jemezi, n. sp. Sporulated oocysts were subspheroidal, 13.3 by 12.2 (10 to 17 by 9 to 15) m, with sporocysts ellipsoidal, 7.1 by 4.4 (5 to 9 by 4 to 5) jim; micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but polar bodies, Stieda bodies and sporocyst residua were present. All gophers were collected from two sites of similar habitat 7 km apart. One site (R+) had a high soil radon content (50 to 70 picocuries (pCi) per liter of air) whereas the other site (R-) had soils that were near average natural levels (1.2 to 1.6 pCi/g uranium nucleotides per gram of soil; <1.9 pCi/g thorium nucleotides). Twenty-one (88%) of 24 gophers from the R+ site had coccidian oocysts in their intestines when examined, but none of these oocysts ever sporulated, whereas all 19 (100%) gophers from the R- site had coccidian oocysts in their intestines and 16 (84%) of these samples sporulated normally under laboratory conditions. The elevated radon content of the soil may have had an adverse effect on the sporulation of this coccidian while it still was intracellular within its host. Key words: Coccidia, Eimeria jemezi, Thomomys talpoides, radon. INTRODUCTION on El Cajete pumice (El Cajete member of the Valles rhyolite), with concentrations of radon- The northern pocket gopher (Thomo- producing thorium and uranium 4 to 5 times mys talpoides) has the widest distribution that of average soils (Self et al., 1988). The high- of any pocket gopher, ranging from Al- ly permeable nature of this pumice provided berta to New Mexico and Arizona (USA) pathways for migration and accumulation of radon gas, and radon concentrations of 50 to (Chase et a!., 1984). In New Mexico it is 70 picocuries (pCi) per liter of air have been restricted to higher elevations in the north- recorded from the living space of buildings con- ern half of the state. It occurs from about structed on this pumice using charcoal radon the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) zone test canisters (Manchengo et al., 1991). The upward to the highest elevations where Environmental Protection Agency has recom- soils are sufficiently friable for burrowing mended 4 pCi/l as a guideline for annual av- erage exposure to radon for humans (Ronca- activity (Findley, 1987). As pant of a larger Battista et al., 1987). Radon concentrations study to determine the effects of radon- inside the plugged burrows of gophers would rich (R+) soils on T. talpoides, we com- be at least as high, and probably much higher, pared coccidian infections in gophers than levels measured inside the relatively well- ventilated living spaces of buildings. trapped in a R + site to those trapped in a Nineteen gophers were trapped on 6 July 1991 nearby radon-poor (R-) site in the Jemez at a R- site, 7 km from the R+ site, 4.8 km Mountains of New Mexico. We also de- north, 17.7 km east of Jemez Springs, Sandoval scribe a new species of Eimeria. County, New Mexico (USA) (35#{176}49’N, 106#{176}30’W) from 4 to 6 July 1991. The R- site is on andesite of the Paliza Canyon formation. Radionucleo- MATERIALS AND METHODS tide levels at the R- site were determined from Twenty-four gophers were collected with kill- gamma spectrometric measurements of five 2-kg traps from July 4 to 5 from one R+ site located soil samples collected from mounds pushed up at El Cajete crater, 8.0 km north, 11.3 km east by gopher burrowing activity. Soil assays were of Jemez Springs, Sandoval County, New Mex- conducted at the Department of Physics at the ico (USA) (35#{176}50’N, 106#{176}34’W). The R+ site is New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technol- 359 360 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES, VOL. 30, NO.3, JULY 1994 ogy, Socorro, New Mexico using a gamma spec- quency of oocyst sporulation between the trometry system, with EG&G ORTEC GMX H + and H - sites were significant (P < series gamma X-ray high purity germanium 0.001). (EG&G ORTECH, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA), and analyzed with VAX/VMS Spectroscopy Ap- All coccidian oocysts recovered from plication software (Canberra Nuclear Products hosts taken from the R- site, that later Group, Nuclear Data Systems, Schaumburg, Il- sponulated, appeared to represent a new linois, USA). Uranium series radionuclide con- species. centrations were assessed using 210Pb, 21Pb, and 214Bi gamma energies, assuming equilibrium Elmerla jemezi n. sp. conditions; thorium series radionuclide concen- trations were assessed using 2#{176}8Tl,212Pb, and Ac Oocyst spheroidal to subspheroidal (Figs. gamma energies, assuming equilibrium condi- 1 to 5), wall about 1.0, composed of two tions. Based on five samples each, values for layers: outer smooth, yellow, about three- uranium series concentrations (1 = 1.5 pCi/g; quarters of total thickness (Fig. 1); inner range = 1.4 to 1.7 pCi/g) and thorium series smooth, light yellow; concentrations (1 = 1.7 pCi/g; range = 1.6 to micropyle and oocyst 1.9 pCi/g) were close to the upper range for residuum absent; 0 to 3 (usually 1) polar typical soils (1.4 pCi/g) (M. Wasiolek, pens. bodies (1 to 3 by 1 to 2) present, highly comm.). Further, the higher density of soil at ref nactile (transmitted light) (Fig. 2); spon- the R- site would normally result in lower ra- ulated oocysts (n = 50) 13.3 by 12.2 (10 to don gas migration and accumulation (Man- 17 by 9 chengo et al., 1991). Thus, radon gas concen- to 15) with length to width (L- trations in gopher burrows at the R+ site would W) ratio 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3); sporocysts ellip- be at least 4 to 5 times higher than those at the soidal, 7.1 by 4.4 (5 to 9 by 4 to 5) with R- site, which are closer to average soil con- L/W ratio 1.6 (1.3 to 2.2); Stieda body centrations. present (Figs. 3 and 4), but sub- and pana- Fresh fecal samples were collected from the lower bowel of each gopher during necropsy stieda bodies absent; sporocyst residuum a and stored in 2% aqueous (w/v) K2Cr2O7. All rosette on several scattered granules (Figs. methods for preparing, sporulating, and storing 3 and 4); sporozoites each with a large fecal samples, and for concentrating, measur- posterior refractile body and these orient ing, and photographing oocysts were as de- at the top and bottom of the sponocyst scribed by Duszynski et al. (1982) and Stout and Duszynski (1983), and were identical for both (Figs. 3 to 5). sites. Measurements are in jim with size ranges The oocysts were found in the northern in parentheses following the means. Oocysts were pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) in measured when they were 188 days old. Sig- Sandoval County, New Mexico, 4.8 km nificance of sporulation rate between the R+ north, 17.7 km east of Jemez Springs. The and R- sites was computed using the Fisher Exact Test (Zar, 1984). We have deposited a site of infection within the host is unknown phototype (Bandoni and Duszynski, 1988) of a because the oocysts were collected from sporulated oocyst in the U.S. National Museum, feces. The nomen triviale is derived from Beltsville, Maryland, Parasite Collection the collection locality. (USNMPC 82825). A symbiotype (see Frey et al., 1992) (host skin + skeleton) has been de- DISCUSSION posited at the New Mexico Museum of Natural History (NMMNH 1645). Sporulated oocysts of E. jemezi resem- bled those of Eimeria thomomysis (Levine RESULTS et a!., 1957) from Thomomys bottae ful- At the R + site, 21(88%) of 24 gophers vus in Arizona; Eimeria geomydis (Skid- had oocysts of a single morphotype, but more, 1929) from Geomys bursarius in none of the oocysts recovered from the Nebraska, Illinois, and Missouri (USA) and intestinal contents of these hosts sporulat- from Geomys breviceps and Geomys tex- ed.
Recommended publications
  • 2013 Draft Mazama Pocket Gopher Status Update and Recovery Plan

    2013 Draft Mazama Pocket Gopher Status Update and Recovery Plan

    DRAFT Mazama Pocket Gopher Status Update and Recovery Plan Derek W. Stinson Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Wildlife Program 600 Capitol Way N Olympia, Washington January 2013 In 1990, the Washington Wildlife Commission adopted procedures for listing and de-listing species as endangered, threatened, or sensitive and for writing recovery and management plans for listed species (WAC 232-12-297, Appendix A). The procedures, developed by a group of citizens, interest groups, and state and federal agencies, require preparation of recovery plans for species listed as threatened or endangered. Recovery, as defined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, is the process by which the decline of an endangered or threatened species is arrested or reversed, and threats to its survival are neutralized, so that its long-term survival in nature can be ensured. This is the Draft Washington State Status Update and Recovery Plan for the Mazama Pocket Gopher. It summarizes what is known of the historical and current distribution and abundance of the Mazama pocket gopher in Washington and describes factors affecting known populations and its habitat. It prescribes strategies to recover the species, such as protecting populations and existing habitat, evaluating and restoring habitat, and initiating research and cooperative programs. Target population objectives and other criteria for down-listing to state Sensitive are identified. As part of the State’s listing and recovery procedures, the draft recovery plan is available for a 90-day public comment period. Please submit written comments on this report by 19 April 2013 via e-mail to: [email protected], or by mail to: Endangered Species Section Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 600 Capitol Way North Olympia, WA 98501-1091 This report should be cited as: Stinson, D.
  • Sand Hills Pocket Gopher Geomys Lutescens

    Sand Hills Pocket Gopher Geomys Lutescens

    Wyoming Species Account Sand Hills Pocket Gopher Geomys lutescens REGULATORY STATUS USFWS: No special status USFS R2: No special status USFS R4: No special status Wyoming BLM: No special status State of Wyoming: Nongame Wildlife CONSERVATION RANKS USFWS: No special status WGFD: NSS3 (Bb), Tier II WYNDD: G3, S1S3 Wyoming Contribution: HIGH IUCN: Least Concern STATUS AND RANK COMMENTS Sand Hills Pocket Gopher (Geomys lutescens) is assigned a range of state conservation ranks by the Wyoming Natural Diversity Database due to uncertainty concerning its abundance in Wyoming and lack of information on population trends in the state. Also, note that the Global rank (G3) is provisional at this time – NatureServe (Arlington, Virginia) has not yet formalized a Global rank for this species. NATURAL HISTORY Taxonomy: Sand Hills Pocket Gopher was formerly considered a subspecies of Plains Pocket Gopher (G. bursarius) and given the sub-specific designation G. b. lutescens 1. It is now considered a full species based on a combination of genetic information and morphology 2 . Though two subspecies of G. lutescens have been suggested, none are widely recognized 3. It is suspected to hybridize with G. bursarius in some localities 4. Description: Like all pocket gophers, Sand Hills Pocket Gopher is adapted to fossorial life with large foreclaws, a heavy skull, strong jaw muscles, and relatively inconspicuous ears and eyes. It is similar in general appearance to the formerly synonymous G. bursarius, which has a sparsely- haired tail and relatively short pelage that can vary substantially in color from buff to black 5. However, G. lutescens is somewhat smaller and lighter in pelage color than G.
  • Universidad Veracruzana

    Universidad Veracruzana

    UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Región Orizaba-Córdoba “IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE L AS TÉCNICAS DE BARRIDO Y OPEN-HOLE PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA E F E C T I V I D A D BIOLÓGICA DE UN ANTICOAGULANTE EN EL CONTROL DE T UZAS EN EL CULTIVO DE CAÑA DE AZÚCAR, E N EL INGENIO CENTRAL MOTZORON GO, S.A. DE C.V.” T ESIS Que para obt ener el Grado de: MAESTRO EN MANE JO Y EXPLOTACIÓN DE LOS AGROS ISTEMAS DE LA CAÑA DE AZÚCAR P r e s e n t a : ING. AGR. RAFAEL A NTONIO VERDEJO LARA Peñuela, Mun icipio de Amatlán de los Reyes, Ver. Septiembre, 2013 INDICE ÍNDICE DE CUADROS iv ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS v RESUMEN vi ABSTRACT viii 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1 2. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 3 2.1. Generalidades de la Familia Geomyidae 3 2.2. Principales Géneros 6 2.2.1. Género Thomomys 6 2.2.2. Género Geomys (Rafinesque, 1817) 7 2.2.3. Género Orthogeomys (Merriam, 1895) 7 2.2.4. Género Zygogeomys 8 2.2.5. Género Pappogeomys 8 2.2.6. Género Cratogeomys 9 2.3. Clasificación taxonómica de Orthogeomys hispidus 9 2.4. Historia Natural de Orthogeomys hispidus 10 2.4.1. Descripción de la especie 10 2.4.2. Distribución 13 2.4.3. Reproducción 13 2.4.4. Supervivencia y mortalidad 16 2.4.5. Población 17 2.4.6. Comportamiento 17 2.4.7. Uso de hábitat 18 2.4.8. Dieta y hábitos alimentarios 18 2.5. Las tuzas como plagas 19 2.6.
  • Ecological Relevance of Subterranean Herbivorous Rodents in Semiarid Coastal Chile

    Ecological Relevance of Subterranean Herbivorous Rodents in Semiarid Coastal Chile

    Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 66: 357-368, 1993 Ecological relevance of subterranean herbivorous rodents in semiarid coastal Chile Importancia ecol6gica de roedores herbfvoros subterráneos en el desierto costero de Chile LUIS C. CONTRERAS1, JULIO R. GUTIERREZ1, VICTOR VALVERDE1 and GEORGE W. COX2 1 Departamento de Biologfa, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 599, La Serena, Chile. 2 Biology Depanment, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 91182-0057, USA. ABSTRACT We first call attention to the ecological relevance and characteristics of subterranean herbivorous rodent activities in different ecosystems. Second, we note that in arid coastal Chile the ecological impact of their activities is considerable, showing similarities, as well as important differences, to impacts in other areas of the world. The amount of excavated soil deposited on the surface is similar to that reported for pocket gophers in North America. These rodents also promote dominance of introduced mediterranean annual plants. In Chile, as in South Africa, however, they seem to greatly promote the growth of geophytes, which are their preferred food. Their activities promote large-scale soil homogeneity. We hypothesize that these aspects of their ecology in Chile reflect a close relationship between a fluctuating and unpredictable climate, a relatively constant availability of clumped geophytes, and the colonial social system of these rodents, all of which promote a slow but constant shifting of their foraging areas. Subterranean rodents certainly play an important role in determining the structure and dynamics of plants in the coastal arid ecosystem in Chile. However, very little is known about the mechanisms involved. Key words: Chile, desert ecology, soil disturbance, Spalacopus, subterranean rodents, geophytes.
  • Controlling Pocket Gophers

    Controlling Pocket Gophers

    Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service NREM-9001 Controlling Pocket Gophers Terrence G. Bidwell Extension Range Management Specialist Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets are also available on our website at: Pocket gophers are stocky, short-legged, medium-sized http://osufacts.okstate.edu rodents with bodies well-adapted for digging. They have broad heads with small eyes and ears; exposed yellowish, chisel- like, incisor teeth; a short, sparsley-haired tail; and front toes with long, stout claws used in digging. They get their name six inches high are at the ends of short lateral tunnels branching from the deep, fur-lined external cheek pouches, in which off the main runway. The surface opening, through which soil food, mostly tubers and roots, is carried. Coloration varies in is pushed from the tunnel, is finally plugged by soil pushed individuals and in species from yellowish-tan to browns and into it from below, leaving a small circular depression on one blacks. Spotted and albino individuals are fairly common. side of the mound. Generally, the entire lateral is then filled Two species of pocket gophers are found in Oklahoma. to the main tunnel. They are the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius), which The placement of these mounds often gives a clue to the ranges over most of Oklahoma, and the Mexican pocket gopher position of the main tunnel, which usually does not lie directly (Cratogeomys castanops), which is found in the Oklahoma under any mound. One pocket gopher may make as many as Panhandle. 200 soil mounds per year. The most active mound building Gophers should not be confused with moles although they time is during the spring.
  • Species Assessment for Idaho Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Idahoensis ) in Wyoming

    Species Assessment for Idaho Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Idahoensis ) in Wyoming

    SPECIES ASSESSMENT FOR IDAHO POCKET GOPHER (THOMOMYS IDAHOENSIS ) IN WYOMING prepared by 1 2 DR. GARY P. BEAUVAIS AND DARBY N. DARK -SMILEY 1 Director, Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Dept. 3381, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; 307-766-3023; [email protected] 2 Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Dept. 3381, Laramie, Wyoming 82071; 307-766-3023 prepared for United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Wyoming State Office Cheyenne, Wyoming June 2005 Beauvais and Dark-Smiley – Thomomys idahoensis June 2005 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 3 NATURAL HISTORY ........................................................................................................................... 4 Morphological Description ...................................................................................................... 4 Taxonomy and Distribution ..................................................................................................... 5 Taxonomy .......................................................................................................................................5 Distribution .....................................................................................................................................6 Habitat Requirements............................................................................................................
  • The Analysis and Use of Methodologies for the Study of the Diets of Long-Eared Owls from Three Environments in North Central Oregon

    The Analysis and Use of Methodologies for the Study of the Diets of Long-Eared Owls from Three Environments in North Central Oregon

    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1985 The analysis and use of methodologies for the study of the diets of long-eared owls from three environments in north central Oregon John M. Barss Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Biology Commons, Nutrition Commons, and the Ornithology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Barss, John M., "The analysis and use of methodologies for the study of the diets of long-eared owls from three environments in north central Oregon" (1985). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3437. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5320 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF John M. Barss for the Master of Science in Biology presented May 15, 1985. Title: The Analysis and Use of Methodologies for the Study of the Diets of Long-eared Owls From Three Environments in North-central Oregon. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITTEE: Richard B. Forbes Robert O. Tinnin Part I of this study presents a procedure for standardization of pellet analysis methodologies which improves estimation of prey biomass and determines the number of pellets needed to estimate prey diversity indices. The procedure was developed to provide a simple, easily replicated methodology for the study of pellets which also retains maximal data recorded from pellet analysis.
  • List of Taxa for Which MIL Has Images

    List of Taxa for Which MIL Has Images

    LIST OF 27 ORDERS, 163 FAMILIES, 887 GENERA, AND 2064 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 JULY 2021 AFROSORICIDA (9 genera, 12 species) CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles 1. Amblysomus hottentotus - Hottentot Golden Mole 2. Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole 3. Eremitalpa granti - Grant’s Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus - Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale cf. longicaudata - Lesser Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec 4. Microgale cowani - Cowan’s Shrew Tenrec 5. Microgale mergulus - Web-footed Tenrec 6. Nesogale cf. talazaci - Talazac’s Shrew Tenrec 7. Nesogale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 8. Setifer setosus - Greater Hedgehog Tenrec 9. Tenrec ecaudatus - Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (127 genera, 308 species) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale 2. Eubalaena australis - Southern Right Whale 3. Eubalaena glacialis – North Atlantic Right Whale 4. Eubalaena japonica - North Pacific Right Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei – Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Balaenoptera ricei - Rice’s Whale 7. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 8. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE (54 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Common Impala 3. Aepyceros petersi - Black-faced Impala 4. Alcelaphus caama - Red Hartebeest 5. Alcelaphus cokii - Kongoni (Coke’s Hartebeest) 6. Alcelaphus lelwel - Lelwel Hartebeest 7. Alcelaphus swaynei - Swayne’s Hartebeest 8. Ammelaphus australis - Southern Lesser Kudu 9. Ammelaphus imberbis - Northern Lesser Kudu 10. Ammodorcas clarkei - Dibatag 11. Ammotragus lervia - Aoudad (Barbary Sheep) 12.
  • Raptors of the Hanford Site and Nearby Areas of Southcentral Washington

    Raptors of the Hanford Site and Nearby Areas of Southcentral Washington

    Raptors of the Hanford Site and Nearby Areas of Southcentral Washington <. *." . Prepared for the ~e~kmentof Energy and Rockwell Hanford Operations under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 Pacific Northwest Laboratory Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy bv Battelle Memorial Institute NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the Department of Energy, nor any of their employe, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, maker any warranty, express ar implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, cornpletenas or usefulness of myinformation, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privateiy owned rights. The views, opinions and conctusions contained in this report arc those of the contractor and do not necessarily represent those of the United Statn Government or the United States Department of Energy. PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Under Contract Of-ACW76Rt0 7830 hinted in tha United Strta of Amcrka Availah frm WiTatYlnkat tnlwauw krvin uniacd Lacs I3egmmcrR cd c- 5235 Port Royd Wed Syxir%(idd, Virginia a51 wee: hint& Copy S';Wefirhc $3.00 NTlS *Paps M%ngRice 081-025 taw OWHo IcYl 051479 %.a O?&tm rrtm 763-125 W6J l&tse $7.25 151-175 $&(XI '1r6-wo woo m-225 W2s 226-ZU, Rw, 251-275 51075 P6.300 $11.00 RAPTORS OF THE HANFORD SITE AND NEARBY AREAS OF SOUTHCENTRAL WASHINGTON R. E. Fitzner W. H. Rickard L. L. Cadwell L.
  • Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 72/Thursday, April 15

    Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 72/Thursday, April 15

    19592 Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 72 / Thursday, April 15, 2010 / Proposed Rules 48 States occur at high elevations in the for the species concurrent with the Authority Rocky, North Cascade, and Sierra listing. The authority for this action is the On October 21, 2003, we published a Nevada mountains (Aubry et al. 2007, p. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as 90-day finding that the petition to list 2153). Wolverines have recently been amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). positively documented in the Sierra the North American wolverine in the Nevada range in California and the contiguous United States did not Dated: March 30, 2010. southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado present substantial scientific and Daniel M. Ashe, for the first time since the early 20th commercial information indicating that Deputy Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife century. listing as threatened or endangered may Service. Wolverines are opportunistic feeders be warranted (68 FR 60112). We did not [FR Doc. 2010–8698 Filed 4–14–10; 8:45 am] and consume a variety of foods determine whether the contiguous U.S. BILLING CODE 4310–55–P depending on availability. They population of the North American primarily scavenge carrion, but also wolverine constituted a DPS (or other prey on small animals and birds, and eat listable entity), because sufficient DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR fruits, berries, and insects (Hornocker information was not available at the and Hash 1981, p. 1290; Hash 1987, p. time. Fish and Wildlife Service 579; Banci 1994, pp. 111–113). On September 29, 2006, as a result of Wolverines have delayed onset of a complaint filed by Defenders of 50 CFR Part 17 reproduction in females and small litter Wildlife and others alleging we used the [Docket No.
  • Pocket Gophers Ronald M

    Pocket Gophers Ronald M

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln The aH ndbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for Damage 7-27-1994 Pocket Gophers Ronald M. Case University of Nebraska - Lincoln Bruce A. Jasch University of Nebraska - Lincoln Case, Ronald M. and Jasch, Bruce A., "Pocket Gophers" (1994). The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage. Paper 13. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmhandbook/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in The aH ndbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Ronald M. Case Professor of Wildlife Biology Department of Forestry, Fisheries POCKET GOPHERS and Wildlife University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0819 Bruce A. Jasch Research Assistant Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0819 Fig. 1. Plains pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius Damage Prevention and Repellents Trapping Control Methods Synthetic predator odors are all of Various specialized gopher kill traps. questionable benefit. Common spring or pan trap Exclusion Toxicants (sizes No. 0 and No. 1). Generally not practical. Baits: Shooting Small mesh wire fence may provide Strychnine alkaloid. Not practical. protection for ornamental trees and Zinc phosphide. shrubs or flower beds. Other Chlorophacinone. Plastic netting protects seedlings. Buried irrigation pipe or electrical cables Diphacinone. Cultural Methods can be protected with cylindrical pipe Fumigants: having an outside diameter of at least Damage resistant varieties of alfalfa.
  • Pocket Gophers

    Pocket Gophers

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center Wildlife Damage for 7-27-1994 Pocket Gophers Ronald M. Case University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Bruce A. Jasch University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmhandbook Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Case, Ronald M. and Jasch, Bruce A., "Pocket Gophers" (1994). The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage. 13. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmhandbook/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Ronald M. Case Professor of Wildlife Biology Department of Forestry, Fisheries POCKET GOPHERS and Wildlife University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0819 Bruce A. Jasch Research Assistant Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0819 Fig. 1. Plains pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius Damage Prevention and Repellents Trapping Control Methods Synthetic predator odors are all of Various specialized gopher kill traps. questionable benefit. Common spring or pan trap Exclusion Toxicants (sizes No. 0 and No. 1). Generally not practical. Baits: Shooting Small mesh wire fence may provide Strychnine alkaloid. Not practical. protection for ornamental trees and Zinc phosphide. shrubs or flower beds. Other Chlorophacinone. Plastic netting protects seedlings. Buried irrigation pipe or electrical cables Diphacinone. Cultural Methods can be protected with cylindrical pipe Fumigants: having an outside diameter of at least Damage resistant varieties of alfalfa.