DOCSLIB.ORG

Department of the Interior

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Department of the Interior Vol. 79 Wednesday, No. 68 April 9, 2014 Part III Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Species Status for the Olympia Pocket Gopher, Roy Prairie Pocket Gopher, Tenino Pocket Gopher, and Yelm Pocket Gopher, With Special Rule; Final Rule VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:04 Apr 08, 2014 Jkt 232001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\09APR3.SGM 09APR3 mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with RULES3 19760 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 68 / Wednesday, April 9, 2014 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Wildlife Office, 510 Desmond Drive, activities that promote the maintenance Lacey, WA 98503, by telephone 360– or restoration of habitat conditions Fish and Wildlife Service 753–9440, or by facsimile 360–534– required by the Mazama pocket gopher 9331. Persons who use a consistent with regulations necessary 50 CFR Part 17 telecommunications device for the deaf and advisable for the continued [FWS–R1–ES–2012–0088; 4500030113] (TDD) may call the Federal Information conservation of the four subspecies Relay Service (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. (Olympia, Roy Prairie, Tenino, and RIN 1018–AZ17 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Yelm pocket gophers). Specifically, the Service is promulgating a special rule Endangered and Threatened Wildlife Executive Summary under section 4(d) of the Act to exempt and Plants; Threatened Species Status Why we need to publish a rule. Under take of these listed species for general for the Olympia Pocket Gopher, Roy the Act, a species may warrant activities conducted on agricultural and Prairie Pocket Gopher, Tenino Pocket protection through listing if it is ranching lands, regular maintenance Gopher, and Yelm Pocket Gopher, With endangered or threatened throughout all activities on civilian airports, control of Special Rule or a significant portion of its range. noxious weeds and invasive plants, AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Listing a species as an endangered maintenance of roadside rights-of-way, Interior. species or threatened species can only and limited activities on private ACTION: Final rule. be completed by issuing a rule landowner parcels. If an activity This rule will finalize the listing of the resulting in take of the Mazama pocket SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Olympia pocket gopher (Thomomys gopher is not exempted under this 4(d) Wildlife Service (Service), determine mazama pugetensis), Roy Prairie pocket special rule, then the general threatened species status under the gopher (T. m. glacialis), Tenino pocket prohibitions at 50 CFR 17.31 for Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act or gopher (T. m. tumuli), and Yelm pocket threatened wildlife would apply, and ESA), as amended, for four subspecies gopher (T. m. yelmensis) as threatened we would require a permit pursuant to of the Mazama pocket gopher found in species under the Act. This rule also section 10 of the Act for such an Thurston and Pierce Counties of establishes a special rule under section activity, as specified in our regulations. Washington State: The Olympia pocket 4(d) of the Act to provide for the Nothing in this 4(d) special rule would gopher (Thomomys mazama conservation of the Mazama pocket affect the consultation requirements pugetensis), Roy Prairie pocket gopher gopher. Critical habitat for these four under section 7 of the Act. The intent (T. m. glacialis), Tenino pocket gopher subspecies of the Mazama pocket of this special rule is to increase support (T. m. tumuli), and Yelm pocket gopher gopher is published elsewhere in for the conservation of the Mazama (T. m. yelmensis). We are also today’s Federal Register. pocket gopher and provide an incentive promulgating a special rule under The basis for our action. Under the for continued management activities authority of section 4(d) of the Act that Act, we can determine that a species is that benefit the Olympia, Roy Prairie, provides measures that are necessary an endangered or threatened species Tenino, and Yelm subspecies and their and advisable for the conservation of the based on any of five factors: (A) The habitat. Mazama pocket gopher. The effect of present or threatened destruction, Peer review and public comment. We this regulation is to add these modification, or curtailment of its sought comments from independent subspecies to the list of Endangered and habitat or range; (B) Overutilization for specialists to ensure that our Threatened Wildlife, extend the Act’s commercial, recreational, scientific, or designation is based on scientifically protections to these subspecies, and educational purposes; (C) Disease or sound data, assumptions, and analyses. establish a 4(d) special rule for the predation; (D) The inadequacy of We invited these peer reviewers to conservation of the Olympia, Roy existing regulatory mechanisms; or (E) comment on our listing proposal. We Prairie, Tenino, and Yelm pocket Other natural or manmade factors obtained opinions from two gophers. affecting its continued existence. We knowledgeable individuals with scientific expertise regarding the DATES: This rule becomes effective May have determined that the four Thurston/ Mazama pocket gopher. These peer 9, 2014. Pierce subspecies of the Mazama pocket gopher are negatively impacted by one reviewers generally concurred with our ADDRESSES: This final rule is available or more of the following factors to the methods and conclusions and provided on the internet at http:// extent that each of these subspecies additional information, clarifications, www.regulations.gov and http:// meets the definition of a threatened and suggestions to improve this final www.fws.gov/wafwo/mpg.html. species under the Act: rule. Information we received from peer Comments and materials we received, as • Habitat loss through conversion and review is incorporated in this well as some of the supporting degradation of habitat, particularly from document. We also considered all documentation we used in preparing development, successional changes to comments and information received this rule, are available for public grassland habitat, military training, and from the public during our three open inspection at http:// the spread of woody plants; comment periods, which were open a www.regulations.gov. All of the • Predation; total of 135 days. We held two public comments, materials, and • Inadequate existing regulatory information workshops and a public documentation that we considered in mechanisms that allow the impacts of hearing on the proposed rule in April this rulemaking are available by significant threats such as habitat loss; 2013. appointment, during normal business and hours at: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, • Other natural or manmade factors, Previous Federal Actions Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, including small or isolated populations, The full candidate history and 510 Desmond Drive, Lacey, WA 98503; declining population or subpopulation previous Federal actions for the telephone 360–753–9440, facsimile sizes, and control as a pest species. Olympia, Roy Prairie, Tenino, and Yelm 360–534–9331. We are promulgating a special rule. pocket gophers (hereafter referred to as FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ken We are exempting from the Act’s take ‘‘the four Thurston/Pierce subspecies of S. Berg, Manager, Washington Fish and prohibitions (at section 9) certain the Mazama pocket gopher’’) are VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:04 Apr 08, 2014 Jkt 232001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\09APR3.SGM 09APR3 mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with RULES3 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 68 / Wednesday, April 9, 2014 / Rules and Regulations 19761 described in the proposed rule to list, comment periods. The first comment special rule for the four Thurston/Pierce establish a 4(d) special rule, and period, associated with the publication subspecies of the Mazama pocket designate critical habitat for these four of the proposed rule (77 FR 73770; gopher, and are addressed in the subspecies, published December 11, December 11, 2012), was open for 60 following summary and incorporated 2012 (77 FR 73770). In that same days, from December 11, 2012, through into the final rule as appropriate. proposed rule, we identified five February 11, 2013. We then made Comments From Peer Reviewers subspecies of Mazama pocket gopher in available the DEA of the proposed the State of Washington for removal critical habitat designation and In accordance with our peer review from the candidate list: The Olympic, reopened the comment period on the policy published on July 1, 1994 (59 FR Shelton, and Cathlamet pocket gophers proposed rule for an additional 30 days, 34270), we solicited expert opinion (Thomomys mazama melanops, T.m. from April 3, 2013, to May 3, 2013 (78 from six knowledgeable individuals louiei, and T.m. couchi, respectively) FR 20074; April 3, 2013). We also with scientific expertise that included because we determined that they are not contacted appropriate Federal, State, familiarity with the Mazama pocket warranted for listing; the Tacoma pocket tribal, county, and local agencies; gopher and its habitats, biological gopher (T.m. tacomensis) because it is scientific organizations; and other needs, and threats. Two peer reviewers extinct; and the Brush Prairie pocket interested parties and invited them to responded, and both were supportive of gopher (T. talpoides douglasii) because comment on the proposed rule and the the Service’s evaluation of the best it was added to the list due to DEA. We held two public information scientific and commercial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2013 Draft Mazama Pocket Gopher Status Update and Recovery Plan
    DRAFT Mazama Pocket Gopher Status Update and Recovery Plan Derek W. Stinson Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Wildlife Program 600 Capitol Way N Olympia, Washington January 2013 In 1990, the Washington Wildlife Commission adopted procedures for listing and de-listing species as endangered, threatened, or sensitive and for writing recovery and management plans for listed species (WAC 232-12-297, Appendix A). The procedures, developed by a group of citizens, interest groups, and state and federal agencies, require preparation of recovery plans for species listed as threatened or endangered. Recovery, as defined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, is the process by which the decline of an endangered or threatened species is arrested or reversed, and threats to its survival are neutralized, so that its long-term survival in nature can be ensured. This is the Draft Washington State Status Update and Recovery Plan for the Mazama Pocket Gopher. It summarizes what is known of the historical and current distribution and abundance of the Mazama pocket gopher in Washington and describes factors affecting known populations and its habitat. It prescribes strategies to recover the species, such as protecting populations and existing habitat, evaluating and restoring habitat, and initiating research and cooperative programs. Target population objectives and other criteria for down-listing to state Sensitive are identified. As part of the State’s listing and recovery procedures, the draft recovery plan is available for a 90-day public comment period. Please submit written comments on this report by 19 April 2013 via e-mail to: [email protected], or by mail to: Endangered Species Section Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 600 Capitol Way North Olympia, WA 98501-1091 This report should be cited as: Stinson, D.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, 0.5% STRYCHNINE MILO for HAND
    Jl.l!l€' 23, 1997 Dr. Alan V. Tasker Acting Leader, rata Support Teaill Tec.'mical and Sciemtific Services USDA/AHflS/BBEP Unit ISO ) 4700 River Foad Rivcreale, ND 20737 Dear Dr. Tasker, Subject: 0.5% Str.fclmine Mlo rex Ha.'ld Baiting fucket C,ophers EPA Registratirn No. 56228-19 Your Slil;;nissions of Septemb€r 23, 19%, and June 2, 1997 ~Je nave reviewed ,YOUr sl.ibmi~sicn of Sept€T."'~r 19, 1996:. ThE' cnongp--s in tl"le inert ingredients a'ld t..'1e revised basic and alte..."7late Confidential StatC1"~nts of Forl'1Ula (CSFs) ;;.r8 acceptable. He 1=1<: fort-l;;.rd to receiving the product chemistry data on the nc-w formulation. Your letter of SepteJl'J::>er 23, 19%, imicates thClt some of these studies ~Jere underway at that tire. The proposed revis20 label stibIcJ tted 00 June 2, 1997, is J:-.asically ) acceptC!ble, but the change identified l.-elow must be made. 1. In the "NOI'E TO PHYSICIAN", change "CI\UrION," to "NOrrcp.:" so as not to conflict with the label's required signal Nord "I'i"lNGFR". 8u.1:'mit one r:::q:y of the fin.-J.l printed label before releasing this prcrluct for shipment. :;;~x¥~~ COP~ E William H. JacObs BEST AVA'LAB\.. i\cting Product 1<1a.'l8.ger 14 Insecticide-Rodenticide Branch Reo.istration Division (7505C) :::::, ~.. ..w·-1······ _.. ._-j.. ......w. ··1· "~'~"·Tm--I··· ·1· ............ ·····1· _............. DATE ~ •......••.•....... .........•..••.• ....... ~ ..•....... ..........................................................................................- ....... EPA Form 1320-102-70) OFFICIAL FILE COpy r.. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 0.5% STRYCHNINE r~1.0 HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND FOR HAND BAITING STORAGE AND DISPOSAL I -, DOMESTIC ANIMALS Do not contaminate water, food, or POCKET GOPHERS feed by storage or disposal.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlling Pocket Gopher Damage to Conifer Seedlings D.S
    FOREST PROTECTION EC 1255 • Revised May 2003 $2.50 Controlling Pocket Gopher Damage to Conifer Seedlings D.S. deCalesta, K. Asman, and N. Allen Contents ocket gophers (or just plain Gopher habits and habitat.............. 1 P “gophers”) damage conifer seed- Control program ........................... 2 lings on thousands of Identifying the pest ......................2 acres in Washington, Assessing the need for treatment ...3 Idaho, and Oregon Damage control techniques ...........3 annually. They invade clearcuts and Applying controls .......................... 7 clip (cut off) roots or Figure 1.—Typical Oregon pocket gopher. Christmas tree plantations .............7 girdle (remove bark from) the bases of conifer seedlings and saplings, causing significant economic losses. Forest plantations ........................ 7 This publication will help you design a program to reduce or eliminate Summary .................................... 8 gopher damage to seedlings and saplings in your forest plantation or Christmas tree farm. Sources of supply ......................... 8 First, we describe pocket gophers, their habits, and habitats. Then we For further information .................. 8 discuss procedures for controlling pocket gopher damages—control techniques, their effectiveness and hazard(s) to the environment, and their use under a variety of tree-growing situations. Gopher habits and habitat Three species of pocket gopher can damage conifer seedlings. The two smaller ones, the northern pocket gopher and the Mazama pocket gopher, are 5 to 9 inches long and brown with some white beneath the chin and belly. The northern gopher is found east of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon and Washington and in Idaho; the Mazama lives in Oregon and Washington west of the Cascades. David S. deCalesta, former Exten- The Camas pocket gopher is similar looking, but larger (10 to 12 inches) sion wildlife specialist, and Kim than the two others.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management
    Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for the Use of Wildlife Damage Management Methods by USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services Chapter I Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management MAY 2017 Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services (WS) Program completed Risk Assessments for methods used in wildlife damage management in 1992 (USDA 1997). While those Risk Assessments are still valid, for the most part, the WS Program has expanded programs into different areas of wildlife management and wildlife damage management (WDM) such as work on airports, with feral swine and management of other invasive species, disease surveillance and control. Inherently, these programs have expanded the methods being used. Additionally, research has improved the effectiveness and selectiveness of methods being used and made new tools available. Thus, new methods and strategies will be analyzed in these risk assessments to cover the latest methods being used. The risk assements are being completed in Chapters and will be made available on a website, which can be regularly updated. Similar methods are combined into single risk assessments for efficiency; for example Chapter IV contains all foothold traps being used including standard foothold traps, pole traps, and foot cuffs. The Introduction to Risk Assessments is Chapter I and was completed to give an overall summary of the national WS Program. The methods being used and risks to target and nontarget species, people, pets, and the environment, and the issue of humanenss are discussed in this Chapter. From FY11 to FY15, WS had work tasks associated with 53 different methods being used.
    [Show full text]
  • Mazama Pocket Gopher FAQ September 2019 1 Mazama Pocket
    Mazama Pocket Gopher FAQ September 2019 Mazama Pocket Gophers in Western Washington – Frequently Asked Questions U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Washington Fish and Wildlife Office Lacey, WA What are pocket gophers? In some areas, the name “gopher” and/or “pocket gopher” is commonly applied to a variety of mammals including ground squirrels and moles. However, true pocket gophers are burrowing small mammals that get their name from their fur-lined cheek pouches, or pockets. These pockets are used for carrying food. Two species of pocket gophers occur in Washington: the Northern pocket gopher is the most widespread, occupying much of eastern Washington. The Mazama pocket gopher is the only pocket gopher in most of western Washington—on the Olympic Peninsula and in the southern Puget Sound area. There are 7 subspecies of Mazama pocket gopher currently found in Thurston, Pierce, Clallam, Mason, and Wahkiakum counties in Washington State. Another subspecies of pocket gopher was historically found in and around Tacoma, but that subspecies is presumed to be extinct. The federally-listed Olympia, Tenino, and Yelm pocket gophers are only found in Thurston County and the Roy Prairie pocket gopher is only found in Pierce County. In 2016, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) completed a genetic study of pocket gophers in the south Puget Sound area. The study supports the determination that the Mazama pocket gophers found in Thurston County are distinct subspecies. What is the current legal status of the four listed Mazama pocket gopher subspecies (Roy Prairie, Olympia, Tenino, and Yelm) found in Thurston and Pierce counties? Four subspecies of the Mazama pocket gopher found in Thurston and Pierce counties were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA) by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sand Hills Pocket Gopher Geomys Lutescens
    Wyoming Species Account Sand Hills Pocket Gopher Geomys lutescens REGULATORY STATUS USFWS: No special status USFS R2: No special status USFS R4: No special status Wyoming BLM: No special status State of Wyoming: Nongame Wildlife CONSERVATION RANKS USFWS: No special status WGFD: NSS3 (Bb), Tier II WYNDD: G3, S1S3 Wyoming Contribution: HIGH IUCN: Least Concern STATUS AND RANK COMMENTS Sand Hills Pocket Gopher (Geomys lutescens) is assigned a range of state conservation ranks by the Wyoming Natural Diversity Database due to uncertainty concerning its abundance in Wyoming and lack of information on population trends in the state. Also, note that the Global rank (G3) is provisional at this time – NatureServe (Arlington, Virginia) has not yet formalized a Global rank for this species. NATURAL HISTORY Taxonomy: Sand Hills Pocket Gopher was formerly considered a subspecies of Plains Pocket Gopher (G. bursarius) and given the sub-specific designation G. b. lutescens 1. It is now considered a full species based on a combination of genetic information and morphology 2 . Though two subspecies of G. lutescens have been suggested, none are widely recognized 3. It is suspected to hybridize with G. bursarius in some localities 4. Description: Like all pocket gophers, Sand Hills Pocket Gopher is adapted to fossorial life with large foreclaws, a heavy skull, strong jaw muscles, and relatively inconspicuous ears and eyes. It is similar in general appearance to the formerly synonymous G. bursarius, which has a sparsely- haired tail and relatively short pelage that can vary substantially in color from buff to black 5. However, G. lutescens is somewhat smaller and lighter in pelage color than G.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Cape Provincial Gazette Vol 15 No
    ·.:.:-:-:-:-:.::p.=~==~ ::;:;:;:;:::::t}:::::::;:;:::;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:::::;:::;:;:.-:-:.:-:.::::::::::::::::::::::::::-:::-:-:-:-: ..........•............:- ;.:.:.;.;.;.•.;. ::::;:;::;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;;:::::. '.' ::: .... , ..:. ::::::::::::::::::::~:~~~~::::r~~~~\~:~ i~ftfj~i!!!J~?!I~~~~I;Ii!!!J!t@tiit):fiftiIit\t~r\t ', : :.;.:.:.:.:.: ::;:;:::::;:::::::::::;:::::::::.::::;:::::::;:::::::::;:;:::;:;:;:;:: :.:.:.: :.:. ::~:}:::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::tf~:::::::::::::::: ;:::;:::;:::;:;:;:::::::::;:;:::::: ::::::;::;:;:;:;=;:;:;:;:;:::;:;:;::::::::;:.: :.;.:.:.;.;.:.;.:.:-:.;.: :::;:' """"~'"W" ;~!~!"IIIIIII ::::::::::;:::::;:;:;:::;:::;:;:;:;:;:::::..;:;:;:::;: 1111.iiiiiiiiiiii!fillimiDw"""'8m\r~i~ii~:i:] :.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:':.:.:.::::::::::::::{::::::::::::;:: ;.;:;:;:;:t;:;~:~;j~Ij~j~)~( ......................: ;.: :.:.:.;.:.;.;.;.;.:.:.:.;.;.:.;.;.;.;.:.;.;.:.;.;.:.; :.:.;.:.: ':;:::::::::::-:.::::::;:::::;;::::::::::::: EXTRAORDINARY • BUITENGEWONE Provincial Gazette iGazethi YePhondo Kasete ya Profensi Provinsiale Koerant Vol. 15 KIMBERLEY, 19 DECEMBER 2008 DESEMBER No. 1258 PROVINCE OF THE NORTHERN CAPE 2 No. 1258 PROVINCIAL GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY, 19 DECEMBER 2008 CONTENTS • INHOUD Page Gazette No. No. No. GENERAL NOTICE· ALGEMENE KENNISGEWING 105 Northern Cape Nature Conservation Bill, 2009: For public comment . 3 1258 105 Noord-Kaap Natuurbewaringswetontwerp, 2009: Vir openbare kommentaar . 3 1258 PROVINSIE NOORD-KAAP BUITENGEWONE PROVINSIALE KOERANT, 19 DESEMBER 2008 No.1258 3 GENERAL NOTICE NOTICE
    [Show full text]
  • The Naked Mole-Rat As an Animal Model in Biomedical Research: Current Perspectives
    Open Access Animal Physiology Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW The naked mole-rat as an animal model in biomedical research: current perspectives Laura-Nadine Schuhmacher Abstract: The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a subterranean rodent that has gained significant Zoé Husson attention from the biomedical research community in recent years as molecular mechanisms Ewan St. John Smith underlying its unusual biology start to be unraveled. With very low external mortality, NMRs have an unusually long lifespan while showing no signs of aging, such as neuro- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK degeneration or cancer. Furthermore, living underground in large colonies (100 to 300 animals), results in comparatively high carbon dioxide and low oxygen levels, from which NMRs have evolved extreme resistance to both hypoxia and hypercapnia. In this paper we have summarized the latest developments in NMR research and its impact on biomedical research, with the aim of providing a sound background that will inform and inspire further For personal use only. investigations. Keywords: naked mole-rat, longevity, cancer, hypoxia, nociception, pain Introduction The naked mole-rat (NMR) (Heterocephalus glaber) is a subterranean mammal, which has recently gained interest from scientists across a variety of research fields. Unlike the majority of mammals, NMRs are poikilothermic and eusocial, ie, are cold-blooded and have a single breeding female within a colony.1 In addition to these features, which have limited biomedical translatability, NMRs have also evolved several physiological adaptations to habituate to their extreme environmental conditions, which have led researchers to study this mammal with the hypothesis Open Access Animal Physiology downloaded from https://www.dovepress.com/ by 131.111.184.102 on 07-Sep-2017 that by understanding the extreme biology of NMRs, more will be understood about normal mammalian physiology.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service
    Monday, November 9, 2009 Part III Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions; Proposed Rule VerDate Nov<24>2008 17:08 Nov 06, 2009 Jkt 220001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\09NOP3.SGM 09NOP3 jlentini on DSKJ8SOYB1PROD with PROPOSALS3 57804 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 215 / Monday, November 9, 2009 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR October 1, 2008, through September 30, for public inspection by appointment, 2009. during normal business hours, at the Fish and Wildlife Service We request additional status appropriate Regional Office listed below information that may be available for in under Request for Information in 50 CFR Part 17 the 249 candidate species identified in SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. General [Docket No. FWS-R9-ES-2009-0075; MO- this CNOR. information we receive will be available 9221050083–B2] DATES: We will accept information on at the Branch of Candidate this Candidate Notice of Review at any Conservation, Arlington, VA (see Endangered and Threatened Wildlife time. address above). and Plants; Review of Native Species ADDRESSES: This notice is available on Candidate Notice of Review That Are Candidates for Listing as the Internet at http:// Endangered or Threatened; Annual www.regulations.gov, and http:// Background Notice of Findings on Resubmitted endangered.fws.gov/candidates/ The Endangered Species Act of 1973, Petitions; Annual Description of index.html.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Veracruzana
    UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Región Orizaba-Córdoba “IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE L AS TÉCNICAS DE BARRIDO Y OPEN-HOLE PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA E F E C T I V I D A D BIOLÓGICA DE UN ANTICOAGULANTE EN EL CONTROL DE T UZAS EN EL CULTIVO DE CAÑA DE AZÚCAR, E N EL INGENIO CENTRAL MOTZORON GO, S.A. DE C.V.” T ESIS Que para obt ener el Grado de: MAESTRO EN MANE JO Y EXPLOTACIÓN DE LOS AGROS ISTEMAS DE LA CAÑA DE AZÚCAR P r e s e n t a : ING. AGR. RAFAEL A NTONIO VERDEJO LARA Peñuela, Mun icipio de Amatlán de los Reyes, Ver. Septiembre, 2013 INDICE ÍNDICE DE CUADROS iv ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS v RESUMEN vi ABSTRACT viii 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1 2. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 3 2.1. Generalidades de la Familia Geomyidae 3 2.2. Principales Géneros 6 2.2.1. Género Thomomys 6 2.2.2. Género Geomys (Rafinesque, 1817) 7 2.2.3. Género Orthogeomys (Merriam, 1895) 7 2.2.4. Género Zygogeomys 8 2.2.5. Género Pappogeomys 8 2.2.6. Género Cratogeomys 9 2.3. Clasificación taxonómica de Orthogeomys hispidus 9 2.4. Historia Natural de Orthogeomys hispidus 10 2.4.1. Descripción de la especie 10 2.4.2. Distribución 13 2.4.3. Reproducción 13 2.4.4. Supervivencia y mortalidad 16 2.4.5. Población 17 2.4.6. Comportamiento 17 2.4.7. Uso de hábitat 18 2.4.8. Dieta y hábitos alimentarios 18 2.5. Las tuzas como plagas 19 2.6.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Movement by Burrowing Mammals: a Review Comparing Excavation Size and Rate to Body Mass of Excavators
    Soil movement by burrowing mammals: a review comparing excavation size and rate to body mass of excavators Natalie S Haussmann Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Corresponding author: Natalie S Haussmann, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa. Email: [email protected] Tel: +27 (21) 420 4049 Abstract Mammal burrowing plays an important role in soil translocation and habitat creation in many environments. As a consequence, many burrowing mammals have at some point been studied in an ecosystem engineering context. From a geomorphological point of view, one of the focus areas of burrowing mammal research is on the amount of soil that is excavated and the rate at which this happens. As such, reviews exist on the volumes and rates of sediment removal by burrowing mammals in specific environments or for specific groups of species. Here a standardised comparison of mammal burrowing across a broad range of burrowing mammal species and environments is provided, focussing on both burrow volume and excavation rate. Through an ISI Web of Science-based literature search, articles presenting estimates of burrow volumes and/or excavation rate were identified. Relationships between species body size and burrow volume/excavation rate were explored and the influence of sociality and method of burrow volume estimation was assessed. The results show that, although bigger species construct 1 bigger burrows, it is the smaller species that remove more sediment per unit time at larger, site- level spatial scales. Burrow volume estimates are, however, independent of species sociality (solitary vs group-living) and method of burrow volume estimation (excavation-based vs mound- based).
    [Show full text]
  • Mazama Pocket Gopher Thomomys Mazama Merriam, 1897
    SPECIES FACT SHEET PROVIDED by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Mazama Pocket Gopher Thomomys mazama Merriam, 1897 Protection Classification: Federal status: Candidate (statewide) and Proposed Threatened (4 Washington subspecies) State status: Threatened. NatureServe Global rank: G4 NatureServe State rank: S2 T. m. yelmensis T1T2 S1 T. m. couchi T1 S1 T. m. glacialis T1T2 S1 T. m. pugetensis T1Q S1 T. m. tumuli T1Q S1 T. m. melanops T3 S2 Mazama pocket gopher (Photo by Bill Leonard). T. m. louiei TH SH T. m. tacomensis TXQ -1 1 T. m. tacomensis is believed extinct and was not ranked. Conservation status: The subspecies of the Mazama pocket gopher in Washington have been Candidates for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act since 2001 (USFWS 2001); 3 subspecies in Thurston County, and 1 in Pierce County have been proposed for listing as Threatened (USFWS 2012). The Mazama pocket gopher was listed as a state Threatened species by the Washington Fish and Wildlife Commission in 2006. The species had been listed as a candidate for state listing as threatened, endangered, or sensitive in Washington since 1996. Prior to that time, the Roy (T. m. glacialis), Tenino (T. m. tumuli), Tacoma (T. m. tacomensis), Shelton, (T. m. couchi), and Cathlamet (T. m. louiei) subspecies had been state candidates since 1991. As a state Threatened species, unlawful taking of Mazama pocket gophers is a misdemeanor under RCW 77.15.130. The western (Mazama) pocket gopher is a Species of Local Importance in the critical area ordinances of Thurston and Pierce counties. The Shelton pocket gopher (T.
    [Show full text]