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2013 Draft Mazama Pocket Gopher Status Update and Recovery Plan
DRAFT Mazama Pocket Gopher Status Update and Recovery Plan Derek W. Stinson Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Wildlife Program 600 Capitol Way N Olympia, Washington January 2013 In 1990, the Washington Wildlife Commission adopted procedures for listing and de-listing species as endangered, threatened, or sensitive and for writing recovery and management plans for listed species (WAC 232-12-297, Appendix A). The procedures, developed by a group of citizens, interest groups, and state and federal agencies, require preparation of recovery plans for species listed as threatened or endangered. Recovery, as defined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, is the process by which the decline of an endangered or threatened species is arrested or reversed, and threats to its survival are neutralized, so that its long-term survival in nature can be ensured. This is the Draft Washington State Status Update and Recovery Plan for the Mazama Pocket Gopher. It summarizes what is known of the historical and current distribution and abundance of the Mazama pocket gopher in Washington and describes factors affecting known populations and its habitat. It prescribes strategies to recover the species, such as protecting populations and existing habitat, evaluating and restoring habitat, and initiating research and cooperative programs. Target population objectives and other criteria for down-listing to state Sensitive are identified. As part of the State’s listing and recovery procedures, the draft recovery plan is available for a 90-day public comment period. Please submit written comments on this report by 19 April 2013 via e-mail to: [email protected], or by mail to: Endangered Species Section Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 600 Capitol Way North Olympia, WA 98501-1091 This report should be cited as: Stinson, D. -
Controlling Pocket Gopher Damage to Conifer Seedlings D.S
FOREST PROTECTION EC 1255 • Revised May 2003 $2.50 Controlling Pocket Gopher Damage to Conifer Seedlings D.S. deCalesta, K. Asman, and N. Allen Contents ocket gophers (or just plain Gopher habits and habitat.............. 1 P “gophers”) damage conifer seed- Control program ........................... 2 lings on thousands of Identifying the pest ......................2 acres in Washington, Assessing the need for treatment ...3 Idaho, and Oregon Damage control techniques ...........3 annually. They invade clearcuts and Applying controls .......................... 7 clip (cut off) roots or Figure 1.—Typical Oregon pocket gopher. Christmas tree plantations .............7 girdle (remove bark from) the bases of conifer seedlings and saplings, causing significant economic losses. Forest plantations ........................ 7 This publication will help you design a program to reduce or eliminate Summary .................................... 8 gopher damage to seedlings and saplings in your forest plantation or Christmas tree farm. Sources of supply ......................... 8 First, we describe pocket gophers, their habits, and habitats. Then we For further information .................. 8 discuss procedures for controlling pocket gopher damages—control techniques, their effectiveness and hazard(s) to the environment, and their use under a variety of tree-growing situations. Gopher habits and habitat Three species of pocket gopher can damage conifer seedlings. The two smaller ones, the northern pocket gopher and the Mazama pocket gopher, are 5 to 9 inches long and brown with some white beneath the chin and belly. The northern gopher is found east of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon and Washington and in Idaho; the Mazama lives in Oregon and Washington west of the Cascades. David S. deCalesta, former Exten- The Camas pocket gopher is similar looking, but larger (10 to 12 inches) sion wildlife specialist, and Kim than the two others. -
Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management
Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for the Use of Wildlife Damage Management Methods by USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services Chapter I Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management MAY 2017 Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services (WS) Program completed Risk Assessments for methods used in wildlife damage management in 1992 (USDA 1997). While those Risk Assessments are still valid, for the most part, the WS Program has expanded programs into different areas of wildlife management and wildlife damage management (WDM) such as work on airports, with feral swine and management of other invasive species, disease surveillance and control. Inherently, these programs have expanded the methods being used. Additionally, research has improved the effectiveness and selectiveness of methods being used and made new tools available. Thus, new methods and strategies will be analyzed in these risk assessments to cover the latest methods being used. The risk assements are being completed in Chapters and will be made available on a website, which can be regularly updated. Similar methods are combined into single risk assessments for efficiency; for example Chapter IV contains all foothold traps being used including standard foothold traps, pole traps, and foot cuffs. The Introduction to Risk Assessments is Chapter I and was completed to give an overall summary of the national WS Program. The methods being used and risks to target and nontarget species, people, pets, and the environment, and the issue of humanenss are discussed in this Chapter. From FY11 to FY15, WS had work tasks associated with 53 different methods being used. -
Mazama Pocket Gopher FAQ September 2019 1 Mazama Pocket
Mazama Pocket Gopher FAQ September 2019 Mazama Pocket Gophers in Western Washington – Frequently Asked Questions U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Washington Fish and Wildlife Office Lacey, WA What are pocket gophers? In some areas, the name “gopher” and/or “pocket gopher” is commonly applied to a variety of mammals including ground squirrels and moles. However, true pocket gophers are burrowing small mammals that get their name from their fur-lined cheek pouches, or pockets. These pockets are used for carrying food. Two species of pocket gophers occur in Washington: the Northern pocket gopher is the most widespread, occupying much of eastern Washington. The Mazama pocket gopher is the only pocket gopher in most of western Washington—on the Olympic Peninsula and in the southern Puget Sound area. There are 7 subspecies of Mazama pocket gopher currently found in Thurston, Pierce, Clallam, Mason, and Wahkiakum counties in Washington State. Another subspecies of pocket gopher was historically found in and around Tacoma, but that subspecies is presumed to be extinct. The federally-listed Olympia, Tenino, and Yelm pocket gophers are only found in Thurston County and the Roy Prairie pocket gopher is only found in Pierce County. In 2016, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) completed a genetic study of pocket gophers in the south Puget Sound area. The study supports the determination that the Mazama pocket gophers found in Thurston County are distinct subspecies. What is the current legal status of the four listed Mazama pocket gopher subspecies (Roy Prairie, Olympia, Tenino, and Yelm) found in Thurston and Pierce counties? Four subspecies of the Mazama pocket gopher found in Thurston and Pierce counties were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA) by the U.S. -
Benton County Prairie Species Habitat Conservation Plan
BENTON COUNTY PRAIRIE SPECIES HABITAT CONSERVATION PLAN DECEMBER 2010 For more information, please contact: Benton County Natural Areas & Parks Department 360 SW Avery Ave. Corvallis, Oregon 97333-1192 Phone: 541.766.6871 - Fax: 541.766.6891 http://www.co.benton.or.us/parks/hcp This document was prepared for Benton County by staff at the Institute for Applied Ecology: Tom Kaye Carolyn Menke Michelle Michaud Rachel Schwindt Lori Wisehart The Institute for Applied Ecology is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization whose mission is to conserve native ecosystems through restoration, research, and education. P.O. Box 2855 Corvallis, OR 97339-2855 (541) 753-3099 www.appliedeco.org Suggested Citation: Benton County. 2010. Prairie Species Habitat Conservation Plan. 160 pp plus appendices. www.co.benton.or.us/parks/hcp Front cover photos, top to bottom: Kincaid’s lupine, photo by Tom Kaye Nelson’s checkermallow, photo by Tom Kaye Fender’s blue butterfly, photo by Cheryl Schultz Peacock larkspur, photo by Lori Wisehart Bradshaw’s lomatium, photo by Tom Kaye Taylor’s checkerspot, photo by Dana Ross Willamette daisy, photo by Tom Kaye Benton County Prairie Species HCP Preamble The Benton County Prairie Species Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) was initiated to bring Benton County’s activities on its own lands into compliance with the Federal and State Endangered Species Acts. Federal law requires a non-federal landowner who wishes to conduct activities that may harm (“take”) threatened or endangered wildlife on their land to obtain an incidental take permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. State law requires a non-federal public landowner who wishes to conduct activities that may harm threatened or endangered plants to obtain a permit from the Oregon Department of Agriculture. -
Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service
Monday, November 9, 2009 Part III Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions; Proposed Rule VerDate Nov<24>2008 17:08 Nov 06, 2009 Jkt 220001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\09NOP3.SGM 09NOP3 jlentini on DSKJ8SOYB1PROD with PROPOSALS3 57804 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 215 / Monday, November 9, 2009 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR October 1, 2008, through September 30, for public inspection by appointment, 2009. during normal business hours, at the Fish and Wildlife Service We request additional status appropriate Regional Office listed below information that may be available for in under Request for Information in 50 CFR Part 17 the 249 candidate species identified in SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. General [Docket No. FWS-R9-ES-2009-0075; MO- this CNOR. information we receive will be available 9221050083–B2] DATES: We will accept information on at the Branch of Candidate this Candidate Notice of Review at any Conservation, Arlington, VA (see Endangered and Threatened Wildlife time. address above). and Plants; Review of Native Species ADDRESSES: This notice is available on Candidate Notice of Review That Are Candidates for Listing as the Internet at http:// Endangered or Threatened; Annual www.regulations.gov, and http:// Background Notice of Findings on Resubmitted endangered.fws.gov/candidates/ The Endangered Species Act of 1973, Petitions; Annual Description of index.html. -
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Copies of this publication may be obtained from the Washington office of the Arctic Institute of North America, 1530 P Street, N. W., Washington 5, D. C. Price 75 cents postpaid. JV s-i — v^rcrt c~a -£*> MUS. MP. 70QL • • • . Li i AUG 11 1960 Vernacular Nameb harvard for North American Mammals North of Mexico %;si. I Jr. /**. /( ^ ^no tfjzjnhesuie/r Museum of Natural History University of Kansas University of Kansas museum of natural history EDITOR: E. RAYMOND HALL Miscellaneous Publication No. 14, pp. 1-16 Published June 19, 1957 Ml/S. ROMP. ZOOU ! SAkY AUG 11 1960 HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRINTED BY FERD VOILAND. JR.. STATE PRINTER TOPEKA. KANSAS 1957 26-8513 VERNACULAR NAMES FOR NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS NORTH OF MEXICO A committee of The American Society of Mammalogists was formed prior to 1954 to propose vernacular (common) names for American mammals. In 1954, the committee consisted of Donald F. Hoffmeister, Chairman, William H. Burt, W. Robert Eadie, E. Raymond Hall, and Ralph S. Palmer. Correspondence between the chairman (Hoffmeister) and mem- bers of the committee enabled him to prepare, as of January 4, 1954, a list of vernacular names. He circulated this list to members of the committee. On June 16, 1954, the committee met at the Annual Meeting of the Society, (1) decided to propose vernacular names for species, (2) decided not to propose names for subspecies, (3) decided to deal only with the species that occurred north of Mexico, (4) selected many names, and (5) failed to select names for some species. On the basis of the partial list that resulted from the meeting in 1954, the Chairman of the Committee on Nomenclature (Hall), answered inquiries in 1955 and 1956 from several members concern- ing vernacular names. -
Soil Movement by Burrowing Mammals: a Review Comparing Excavation Size and Rate to Body Mass of Excavators
Soil movement by burrowing mammals: a review comparing excavation size and rate to body mass of excavators Natalie S Haussmann Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Corresponding author: Natalie S Haussmann, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa. Email: [email protected] Tel: +27 (21) 420 4049 Abstract Mammal burrowing plays an important role in soil translocation and habitat creation in many environments. As a consequence, many burrowing mammals have at some point been studied in an ecosystem engineering context. From a geomorphological point of view, one of the focus areas of burrowing mammal research is on the amount of soil that is excavated and the rate at which this happens. As such, reviews exist on the volumes and rates of sediment removal by burrowing mammals in specific environments or for specific groups of species. Here a standardised comparison of mammal burrowing across a broad range of burrowing mammal species and environments is provided, focussing on both burrow volume and excavation rate. Through an ISI Web of Science-based literature search, articles presenting estimates of burrow volumes and/or excavation rate were identified. Relationships between species body size and burrow volume/excavation rate were explored and the influence of sociality and method of burrow volume estimation was assessed. The results show that, although bigger species construct 1 bigger burrows, it is the smaller species that remove more sediment per unit time at larger, site- level spatial scales. Burrow volume estimates are, however, independent of species sociality (solitary vs group-living) and method of burrow volume estimation (excavation-based vs mound- based). -
Mazama Pocket Gopher Thomomys Mazama Merriam, 1897
SPECIES FACT SHEET PROVIDED by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Mazama Pocket Gopher Thomomys mazama Merriam, 1897 Protection Classification: Federal status: Candidate (statewide) and Proposed Threatened (4 Washington subspecies) State status: Threatened. NatureServe Global rank: G4 NatureServe State rank: S2 T. m. yelmensis T1T2 S1 T. m. couchi T1 S1 T. m. glacialis T1T2 S1 T. m. pugetensis T1Q S1 T. m. tumuli T1Q S1 T. m. melanops T3 S2 Mazama pocket gopher (Photo by Bill Leonard). T. m. louiei TH SH T. m. tacomensis TXQ -1 1 T. m. tacomensis is believed extinct and was not ranked. Conservation status: The subspecies of the Mazama pocket gopher in Washington have been Candidates for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act since 2001 (USFWS 2001); 3 subspecies in Thurston County, and 1 in Pierce County have been proposed for listing as Threatened (USFWS 2012). The Mazama pocket gopher was listed as a state Threatened species by the Washington Fish and Wildlife Commission in 2006. The species had been listed as a candidate for state listing as threatened, endangered, or sensitive in Washington since 1996. Prior to that time, the Roy (T. m. glacialis), Tenino (T. m. tumuli), Tacoma (T. m. tacomensis), Shelton, (T. m. couchi), and Cathlamet (T. m. louiei) subspecies had been state candidates since 1991. As a state Threatened species, unlawful taking of Mazama pocket gophers is a misdemeanor under RCW 77.15.130. The western (Mazama) pocket gopher is a Species of Local Importance in the critical area ordinances of Thurston and Pierce counties. The Shelton pocket gopher (T. -
General Biology of Major Prey Species of the California Spotted Owl
Chapter 10 General Biology of Major Prey Species of the California Spotted Owl Daniel F. Williams, Jared Verner, Howard F. Sakai, and Jeffrey R. Waters Full understanding of the habitat relations of California geographic range (see color photo 5-29). They are most numer- spotted owls depends, in part, on knowledge of the habitat ous where shrub cover is dense, and least abundant in open areas relations of their primary prey species. For example, the north- (Fitch 1947). They are one of few small mammal species of ern flying squirrel is the primary prey of the owl in conifer chaparral habitats that flourish in old, dense stands (Quinn 1990). forests of the Sierra Nevada, comprising as much as 61 to 77 Habitats that are unsuited or poorly suited for dusky-footed percent of the total biomass eaten in some localities and seasons woodrats include open grasslands or fallow, weedy ground; (table 4A). The dusky-footed woodrat is the primary prey in sparsely wooded forests; woodlands solely of conifers or with lower-elevation forests and woodlands of the Sierra Nevada and little shrub understory; and pure stands of chamise, manzanita, throughout all habitats in southern California, making up 74-94 or ceanothus (Linsdale and Tevis 1951). percent of the diet, by weight, in various areas. Current evidence In the Sierra Nevada, this woodrat occurs generally below indicates that suitable nest sites and the most common foods of 5,000 feet in elevation (lower in the north-about 3,300 feet at northern flying squirrels are usually found together in mature Mt. -
Revised Checklist of North American Mammals North of Mexico, 1986 J
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska State Museum 12-12-1986 Revised Checklist of North American Mammals North of Mexico, 1986 J. Knox Jones Jr. Texas Tech University Dilford C. Carter Texas Tech University Hugh H. Genoways University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Robert S. Hoffmann University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dale W. Rice National Museum of Natural History See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Jones, J. Knox Jr.; Carter, Dilford C.; Genoways, Hugh H.; Hoffmann, Robert S.; Rice, Dale W.; and Jones, Clyde, "Revised Checklist of North American Mammals North of Mexico, 1986" (1986). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 266. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/266 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors J. Knox Jones Jr., Dilford C. Carter, Hugh H. Genoways, Robert S. Hoffmann, Dale W. Rice, and Clyde Jones This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/ 266 Jones, Carter, Genoways, Hoffmann, Rice & Jones, Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University (December 12, 1986) number 107. U.S. -
The Use of Aluminum Phosphide in Wildlife Damage Management
Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for the Use of Wildlife Damage Management Methods by USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services Chapter IX The Use of Aluminum Phosphide in Wildlife Damage Management July 2017 Peer Reviewed Final March 2020 THE USE OF ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE IN WILDLIFE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Aluminum phosphide is a fumigant used by USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services (WS) to control various burrowing rodents and moles. Formulations for burrow treatments are in 3-g tablets or 600-mg pellets containing about 56% active ingredient. WS applicators place the tablets or pellets into the target species’ burrow and seal the burrow entrance with soil. Aluminum phosphide reacts with moisture in burrows to release phosphine gas, which is the toxin in the fumigant. WS applicators used aluminum phosphide to take 19 species of rodents and moles between FY11 and FY15 and treated an annual average of including prairie dogs, ground squirrels, pocket gophers, voles, and moles. WS annually averaged the known take of 54,095 target rodents and an estimated 2,333 vertebrate nontarget species with aluminum phosphide in 9 states. An average of 58,329 burrows was treated with the primary target species being black-tailed and Gunnison’s prairie dogs. APHIS evaluated the human health and ecological risk of aluminum phosphide under the WS use pattern for rodent and mole control. Although phosphine gas is toxic to humans, the risk to human health is low because inhalation exposure is slight for the underground applications. WS applicators wear proper personal protective equipment according to the pesticide label requirements, which reduces their exposure to aluminum phosphide and phosphine gas, and lowers the risk to their health.