2019 Current Fiscal Year Report: U.S. Air Force Scientific Advisory Board Report Run Date: 09/28/2021 04:09:09 AM 1
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How Doc Draper Became the Father of Inertial Guidance
(Preprint) AAS 18-121 HOW DOC DRAPER BECAME THE FATHER OF INERTIAL GUIDANCE Philip D. Hattis* With Missouri roots, a Stanford Psychology degree, and a variety of MIT de- grees, Charles Stark “Doc” Draper formulated the basis for reliable and accurate gyro-based sensing technology that enabled the first and many subsequent iner- tial navigation systems. Working with colleagues and students, he created an Instrumentation Laboratory that developed bombsights that changed the balance of World War II in the Pacific. His engineering teams then went on to develop ever smaller and more accurate inertial navigation for aircraft, submarines, stra- tegic missiles, and spaceflight. The resulting inertial navigation systems enable national security, took humans to the Moon, and continue to find new applica- tions. This paper discusses the history of Draper’s path to becoming known as the “Father of Inertial Guidance.” FROM DRAPER’S MISSOURI ROOTS TO MIT ENGINEERING Charles Stark Draper was born in 1901 in Windsor Missouri. His father was a dentist and his mother (nee Stark) was a school teacher. The Stark family developed the Stark apple that was popular in the Midwest and raised the family to prominence1 including a cousin, Lloyd Stark, who became governor of Missouri in 1937. Draper was known to his family and friends as Stark (Figure 1), and later in life was known by colleagues as Doc. During his teenage years, Draper enjoyed tinkering with automobiles. He also worked as an electric linesman (Figure 2), and at age 15 began a liberal arts education at the University of Mis- souri in Rolla. -
Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008
Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008 The Dissertation Committee for Paul Harold Rubinson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War Committee: —————————————————— Mark A. Lawrence, Supervisor —————————————————— Francis J. Gavin —————————————————— Bruce J. Hunt —————————————————— David M. Oshinsky —————————————————— Michael B. Stoff Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War by Paul Harold Rubinson, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2008 Acknowledgements Thanks first and foremost to Mark Lawrence for his guidance, support, and enthusiasm throughout this project. It would be impossible to overstate how essential his insight and mentoring have been to this dissertation and my career in general. Just as important has been his camaraderie, which made the researching and writing of this dissertation infinitely more rewarding. Thanks as well to Bruce Hunt for his support. Especially helpful was his incisive feedback, which both encouraged me to think through my ideas more thoroughly, and reined me in when my writing overshot my argument. I offer my sincerest gratitude to the Smith Richardson Foundation and Yale University International Security Studies for the Predoctoral Fellowship that allowed me to do the bulk of the writing of this dissertation. Thanks also to the Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy at Yale University, and John Gaddis and the incomparable Ann Carter-Drier at ISS. -
By September 1976 the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Cambridge
P-357 THE HISTORY OF APOLLO ON-BOARD GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL by David G. Hoag September 1976 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 @ The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. , 1976. the solar pressure force on adjustable sun vanes to drive the average speed of these wheels toward zero. Overall autonomous operation was managed on-board by a small general purpose digital computer configured by its designer, Dr. Raymond Alonso, for very low power drain except at the occasional times needing fast computation speed. A special feature of this computer was the pre-wired, read-only memory called a core rope, a configuration of particularly high storage density requiring only one magnetic core per word of memory. A four volume report of this work was published in July, 1959, and presented to the Air Force Sponsors. However, since the Air Force was disengaging from civilian space development, endeavors to interest NASA were undertaken. Dr. H. Guyford Stever, then an MIT professor, arranged a presentation with Dr. Hugh Dryden, NASA Deputy Administrator, which took place on September 15.* On November 10, NASA sent a letter of in- tent to contract the Instrumentation Laboratory for a $50,000 study to start immediately. The stated purpose was that this study would con- c tribute to the efforts of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in conducting unmanned space missions to Mars, Venus, and the Earth's moon scheduled in Vega and Centaur missions in the next few years. A relationship be- tween MIT and JPL did not evolve. JPL's approach to these deep space missions involved close ground base control with their large antenna tracking and telemetry systems, considerably different from the on- board self sufficiency method which the MIT group advocated and could best support. -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The new prophet : Harold C. Urey, scientist, atheist, and defender of religion Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j80v92j Author Shindell, Matthew Benjamin Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The New Prophet: Harold C. Urey, Scientist, Atheist, and Defender of Religion A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History (Science Studies) by Matthew Benjamin Shindell Committee in charge: Professor Naomi Oreskes, Chair Professor Robert Edelman Professor Martha Lampland Professor Charles Thorpe Professor Robert Westman 2011 Copyright Matthew Benjamin Shindell, 2011 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Matthew Benjamin Shindell is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………………...... iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………. iv Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………. -
LA JOLLA MAIL PO Box 2085 La Jolla, CA 92038 HISTORICAL SOCIETY OFFICE & RESEARCH 7846 Eads Ave .• EXHIBIT GALLERIES 780 Prospect St
w LA JOLLA MAIL PO Box 2085 La Jolla, CA 92038 HISTORICAL SOCIETY OFFICE & RESEARCH 7846 Eads Ave .• EXHIBIT GALLERIES 780 Prospect St. T 858.459.5335 • lajollahistory.org July 5, 2016 Suzanne Segur San Diego Planning Department 1010 Second A venue, Suite 1200 San Diego, CA 92101 RE: Historical Report for 2345 Via Sienna, La Jolla Dear Ms. Segur: The La Jolla Historical Society recommends that 2345 Via Sienna be considered for designation as a historically significant under HRB Criterion B for its association with Dr. Maria Goeppert-Mayer, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics while living in the property. Maria Goeppert-Mayer is one of only two females awarded the Nobel Prize for physics since its inception in 1901. (The other was Mme. Curie, who was awarded the prize in 1903.) In fact, only 49 women have EVER won the Nobel Prize in ANYTHING, as opposed to 822 men. Ms. Goeppert-Mayer's biographies provide evidence regarding the difficulty she had in being taken seriously as a scientist because of her gender. It was with her hiring at UC San Diego that she became a full-time faculty professor, earning the respect her training and achievements deserved. We believe Dr. Goeppert-Mayer's home is eligible for designation under Criterion B as defined in the Department of Interior Standards. Although the residence may read today as an interpretation of the mid-century era's California ranch style, it is not atypical of the kind of housing many UCSD professors and members of La Jolla's new scientific community resided in at the time - modest dwellings in tune with economic situations and their new lives as Californians enjoying the amenable climate of the West Coast. -
Supplementary Figure 1: Interconnected Multiplex with Six Nodes in Two Layers (A and D) and Corresponding Aggregated Networks (B and E)
Supplementary Figure 1: Interconnected multiplex with six nodes in two layers (A and D) and corresponding aggregated networks (B and E). The nodes are ranked by their eigenvector centrality in each layer separately, in the aggregated and in the whole interconnected structure (C and F). Case A, B and C. Nodes 1 and 3 have a key role in the multilayer, being bridges between the two layers. In a collaboration network they would represent scientists working on two different research areas who allow information to flow from one subject to the other. While nodes 1 and 3 gain centrality from their connections to \hubs" on different layers, they also gain centrality from their own counterparts in other layers, making them important in the multilayer network. In the aggregated network their versatility disappears, because the information is washed out by projecting on a single layer, where nodes 2 and 6 are still \hubs" but it is not possible to capture the importance of nodes 1 and 3 in bridging different areas. Case D, E and F. This example shows how aggregating the full information on a single network introduces a spurious symmetry between nodes 2, 3, 4 and 6 that is not present in the multilayer, except for 2 and 4. The resulting score in the aggregate is not able to capture the difference between these nodes (corresponding to a degeneration in the eigenspace) while it is evident that, for instance, node 6 is more central than node 3 because of its direct connection to node 1 { the \hub" { in layer 1. -
Oxford University Press Free Sample Chapter Multiplex-Multi-Level
FREE SAMPLE CHAPTER Networks and Complex Systems publications from Oxford University Press 30% online discount Networks Multilayer Networks Introduction to the Second Edition Structure and Function Theory of £49.99 £34.99 £55.00 £38.50 Complex Systems Mark Newman Ginestra Bianconi £49.99 £34.99 Stefan Thurner, Peter Klimek, Rudolf Hanel Generating Random Scale-Free Networks Agent-Based Modeling Networks and Graphs Complex Webs in and Network Dynamics £55.00 £38.50 Nature and Technology £57.50 £40.25 Ton Coolen, Alessia Annibale, £34.49 £24.14 Akira Namatame, Ekaterina Roberts Guido Caldarelli Shu-Heng Chen Order online at www.oup.com and enter the code EXCCS-18 to get a 30% discount Visit us at stand #1 to receive your free hard copy of this chapter and join our mailing list. OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST PROOF, 3/8/2018, SPi Preface As the field of complex networks entered its maturity phase, most scientists working in this field thought that the established methodology could deal with all casesof networked systems. However, as is usually the case in the scientific enterprise, some novel observations showed that what we already know is only a limited case, and network theory has still long way to go until we can make any definitive claim. The ever-increasing availability of data in fields ranging from computer science to urban systems, medicine, economics, and finance showed that networks that were usually perceived as distinct and isolated are, in reality, interacting with other networks. While this sounds like a trivial observation, it was shown that interactions of different networks can lead to unexpected behaviors and allow systemic vulnerabilities to emerge. -
Memorial Tributes: Volume 15
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/13160 SHARE Memorial Tributes: Volume 15 DETAILS 444 pages | 6 x 9 | HARDBACK ISBN 978-0-309-21306-6 | DOI 10.17226/13160 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK National Academy of Engineering FIND RELATED TITLES Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 15 Memorial Tributes NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 15 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 15 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Memorial Tributes Volume 15 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. 2011 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 15 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-21306-6 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-21306-1 Additional copies of this publication are available from: The National Academies Press 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Lockbox 285 Washington, D.C. 20055 800–624–6242 or 202–334–3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. -
Character List
Character List - Bomb Use this chart to help you keep track of the hundreds of names of physicists, freedom fighters, government officials, and others involved in the making of the atomic bomb. Scientists Political/Military Leaders Spies Robert Oppenheimer - Winston Churchill -- Prime Klaus Fuchs - physicist in designed atomic bomb. He was Minister of England Manhattan Project who gave accused of spying. secrets to Russia Franklin D. Roosevelt -- Albert Einstein - convinced President of the United States Harry Gold - spy and Courier U.S. government that they for Russia KGB. Narrator of the needed to research fission. Harry Truman -- President of story the United States Enrico Fermi - created first Ruth Werner - Russian spy chain reaction Joseph Stalin -- dictator of the Tell Hall -- physicist in Soviet Union Igor Korchatov -- Russian Manhattan Project who gave physicist in charge of designing Adolf Hitler -- dictator of secrets to Russia bomb Germany Haakon Chevalier - friend who Werner Reisenberg -- Leslie Groves -- Military approached Oppenheimer about German physicist in charge of leader of the Manhattan Project spying for Russia. He was designing bomb watched by the FBI, but he was not charged. Otto Hahn -- German physicist who discovered fission Other scientists involved in the Manhattan Project: Aage Niels Bohr George Kistiakowsky Joseph W. Kennedy Richard Feynman Arthur C. Wahl Frank Oppenheimer Joseph Rotblat Robert Bacher Arthur H. Compton Hans Bethe Karl T. Compton Robert Serber Charles Critchfield Harold Agnew Kenneth Bainbridge Robert Wilson Charles Thomas Harold Urey Leo James Rainwater Rudolf Pelerls Crawford Greenewalt Harold DeWolf Smyth Leo Szilard Samuel K. Allison Cyril S. Smith Herbert L. Anderson Luis Alvarez Samuel Goudsmit Edward Norris Isidor I. -
Automatic Control Emerges
Automatic Control Emerges Karl Johan Åström Department of Automatic Control LTH Lund University Karl Johan Åström Automatic Control Emerges Automatic Control Emerges K. J. Åström 1 Introduction 2 The Computing Bottleneck 3 State of the Art around 1940 4 WWII 5 Servomechanisms 6 Summary Theme: Unification, theory, and analog computing. Karl Johan Åström Automatic Control Emerges Lectures 1940 1960 2000 1 Introduction 2Governors | | | 3 ProcessControl | | | 4 Feedback Amplifiers | | | 5 Harry Nyquist | | | 6Aerospace | | | 7 Automatic Control Emerges ← | | 8 TheSecond Phase ← ← | 9 The Swedish Scene | | | 10TheLundScene | | 11 The Future of Control → Karl Johan Åström Automatic Control Emerges Introduction Control became established as the first systems field in the period 1940–1960 with a good theoretical base, computational tools and an unusually broad industrial base. Solid theoretical base Linear, nonlinear and stochastic systems Solid academic base Research and education Books and curricula Industrial base Organizations Conferences Journals Karl Johan Åström Automatic Control Emerges Automatic Control Emerges K. J. Åström 1 Introduction 2 The Computing Bottleneck 3 State of the art around 1940 4 WWII 5 Servomechanisms 6 Summary Theme: Unification, theory, and analog computing. Karl Johan Åström Automatic Control Emerges The Computing Bottleneck Driving force: Transient stability of power networks General Electric designed a 500 mile transmission line from Canada to New England and New York. Similar situation in Sweden with power generation -
FOIA) Document Clearinghouse in the World
This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of hundreds of thousands of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com Received Received Request ID Requester Name Organization Closed Date Request Description Mode Date 16-F-0001 Grazier, Daniel Project On Government PAL 10/1/2015 - The full report titled “Force of the Future” that lists proposed Oversight changes to the DoD’s personnel management system as described in Andrew Tilghman’s 1 September 2015 Military Times story, “’Force of the Future’: career flexibility, fewer moves”. (Date Range for Record Search: From 08/01/2015 To 09/30/2015) 16-F-0002 Maziarz, Jessica Bryan Cave LLP Mail 10/1/2015 10/13/2015 [ ] 16-F-0003 Reichenbach, Sarah The National Security Archive PAL 10/1/2015 - All documents, including but not limited to cables, letters, memoranda, briefing papers, transcripts, summaries, notes, emails, reports, drafts, and intelligence documents relating in whole or in part to the introduction on June 22, 2004 and passing on July 22,2004 of concurrent House and Senate resolutions determining the situation in Darfur to be genocide (H. Con.Res. 467 and S. Con. Res. 133). 16-F-0004 Reichenbach, Sarah The National Security Archive PAL 10/1/2015 6/22/2016 All documents, including, but not limited to, cables, letters, memoranda, briefing papers, transcripts, summaries, notes, emails, reports, drafts, and intelligence documents related in whole or in part to the decision to send an Atrocities Investigation Team to the Chad/Sudan border to document atrocities in June 2004. -
Making the Bomb by John Lamperti
November, 2012 Thoughts on Making the Bomb by John Lamperti I recently finished reading Martin Sherwin and Kai Bird’s monumental American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer.1 It's an admirable book, although I think the title might better have been American Faust. (No less than Freeman Dyson said Oppenheimer made a "Faustian bargain."2) There have been many books about Oppenheimer and the atomic bomb project in general; I've read some but not all of them. This one seems to be definitive. Everything we need to know is there – and it's a fascinating read. Two things struck me especially, and neither was directly about Oppenheimer. One was the ideological rigidity, and the blindness, of the crowd of Army and FBI "security" operatives who dogged Oppenheimer and the whole Manhattan Project from the beginning. To a man (no women are mentioned) they were obsessed with the pre-war leftist politics of many of the scientists, which they found highly suspicious and probably indicative of disloyalty. But while these agents were hounding leftists and "premature anti-fascists" (as supporters of the Spanish Republic were called) at Los Alamos and elsewhere and finding little or nothing, real spies were sending real scientific information to the USSR under their noses, apparently unsuspected. If the "security" people, especially Lt. Col. Boris Pash of Army Counter– Intelligence, had been given free rein, Oppenheimer and many others (but not the actual spies!) would have been banished from the Project and the "Trinity" test, as well as the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, might never have happened.