DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparative Study of Contagious Diseases and Their Related Risk

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparative Study of Contagious Diseases and Their Related Risk ArchiveJ Compr Ped of. 2019 SID November; 10(4):e85771. doi: 10.5812/compreped.85771. Published online 2019 November 12. Research Article Comparative Study of Contagious Diseases and Their Related Risk Factors in the Children and Adults Pilgrims Referred to Educational and Treatment Centers in Ilam on the Day of Arbaeen in 2017 Ali Nazari 1, Masoumeh Shohani 2 and Hamed Tavan 3, * 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 3Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran *Corresponding author: Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 69391-77143, Ilam, Iran. Tel: +98-8412227123, Fax: +98-8412227134, Email: [email protected] Received 2018 October 26; Revised 2019 June 23; Accepted 2019 August 31. Abstract Background: Travelling to places where the population density is high often causes the transmission of infectious diseases; thus, not complying with hygiene standards can result in an increase in infectious diseases. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating contagious diseases and their related risk factors among the pilgrims admitted to Ilam educational and treatment centers on the day of Arbaeen in 2017. Methods: The study population consisted of 105 patients. The research instrument was a checklist including two parts: demo- graphic characteristics and information about infectious diseases; SPSS version 19 was used for data analysis. Results: The sample size consisted of 63 male and 42 female patients. The age groups highly affected by infectious diseases were above 60 and under 20 years including 28 patients (26.7%). The disease associated with the highest mortality rate was acute gas- troenteritis with severe dehydration, causing four deaths (30% of mortality rates). There was a significant correlation between age and gender of patients and WBC, urea, and creatin variables (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings indicated that children and elderly were more prone to infectious diseases. Compliance with hygiene standards can help to control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases in communities. Keywords: Infectious Diseases, Risk Factors, Hospital 1. Background 1.1. Water and Foodborne Diseases Diarrhea is the most common symptom in such dis- eases. Acute gastroenteritis is considered as a major cause Ilam Province shares a border with Iraq. The land of of morbidity and mortality in pilgrims; therefore, if it is Karbala every year hosts a large number of pilgrims; they left untreated, it may result in death (5). are infected due to underlying diseases or population den- sity and refer to hospitals in Ilam for infectious and con- 1.2. Vector-Borne Diseases (e g, Arthropods and Insects) tagious diseases, weakness, and anxiety. Most of the pa- tients are elderly pilgrims (1,2) physiologically have poor Despite many efforts, the infectious diseases transmit- physical strength. Due to physiological changes and im- ted by vectors during travelling are still a major prob- mune system problems such as impaired immune system lem. Some examples of these diseases include dengue and humeral immunity, the elderly are at greater risk of in- fever in Haiti, malaria in Somalia and Afghanistan, and fectious diseases (3,4) such as herpes zoster, listeriosis, and coetaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Iraq. The main urinary tract infection, which leads to a higher mortality to be mentioned include mosquitoes that spread malaria, rate among the elderly compared to the other age groups. dengue fever, yellow fever, viral encephalitis, and lym- The major reasons affirming that the population density phatic filariasis. Phlebotomies sand flies are vectors of bar- causes infectious and contagious diseases can be catego- tonellosis, leishmaniasis, and pappataci fever. Ticks trans- rized as follows: mit Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), encephali- Copyright © 2019, Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, providedwww.SID.ir the original work is properly cited. Archive of SID Nazari A et al. tis, relapsing fever, babesiosis, and rickettsials infections. 1.7. Soil-Borne Diseases Some insect vectors can transmit parasitic diseases (6). Human exposure to contaminated soil or its ingestion is associated with the infection risk of anthrax, ascaria- 1.3. Respiratory Tract Infections sis, trichuriasis, hookworms, strongyloidiasis, and coeta- Due to psychological conditions of the body, close in- neous larva migrants (11). teractions between a host and a susceptible individual, and loss of personal hygiene, airborne diseases transmit- 1.8. Physical Injuries and Trauma ted through airways and respiratory secretions are com- Injuries and damages caused by encountering power- mon in such travels. Among these diseases, upper respi- ful or low-speed weapons, small mortars, mines, and im- ratory tract infections, tuberculosis, Q fever, and meningo- provised explosive devices (IEDs) can lead to diseases such coccal infections can be pointed out. In such cases, a clus- as tetanus and bacterial infections (12). ter of person-to-person transmission is caused by aerosols or droplets dispersed from the mouth or nose. Recently, 2. Objectives eosinophilic pneumonia is observed in the pilgrims to Iraq, but its causes and mode of transmission are uniden- Based on the foregoing, the present study aimed at tified (7). scrutinizing the contagious diseases and related risk fac- tors among the pilgrims admitted to medical-teaching 1.4. Zoonoses hospitals on the Day of Arbaeen (the 40th day) in 2017. Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmissible from animals to humans; therefore, this group of diseases can 3. Methods differently cause a reduction in strength in bad weather. For example, following bites by animals, rabies may be 3.1. Study Setting and Sample transmitted. Moreover, human contact with urine of ro- The current cross sectional study was conducted in dents and inhalation of respirable droplets of rodents’ Ilam University hospitals in Arbaeen (September 2017). The urine can lead to leptospirosis, Lassa fever, and hantavirus source information was manipulated by a list of the pa- pulmonary syndrome. The consumption of food contam- tients who were referred to the hospitals in Ilam. The sam- inated with animal feces is associated with hydrated cyst ple size and the population under study were determined infection (echinococcosis). The consumption of raw and by census. unpasteurized dairy products and also uncooked or half- cooked meat may lead to brucellosis and trichinosis in the 3.2. Instrumentation pilgrims, respectively. Contact with birth products of in- The required data were collected from the teaching- fected animals is associated with Q fever and the transmis- medical hospitals of Ilam at the time of hospitalization of sion of brucellosis. Exposure to infected animal products the patients. Based on the selected sample size, 105 pa- such as skin and wool may cause anthrax infection (8). tients were enrolled in the study. After obtaining written permission from the hospital authorities and formal writ- 1.5. Blood-Borne Diseases ten consent of patients, sampling was started. A check- Such diseases may be transmitted through direct con- list consisting of two sections of demographic and in- tact with blood and other body fluids, and the transmis- fectious diseases information was used for data collec- sion intermediaries include contaminated needles, blood tion. Pathogens included Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella transfer, and cosmetic procedures such as tattooing etc. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aerug- Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and hemorrhagic viruses such inosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, hospital-acquired infec- as Ebola and Marburg are examples of pathogens causing tions, and multi-pathogens. The information related to the blood-borne diseases (9). infectious diseases included the time of diagnosis, final diagnosis, type of treatment, hospitalization period, and 1.6. Water-Borne Diseases overall survival rate. After crossing the irrigated areas, bathing, boating, swimming or floating on the water, and the exposure of the 3.3. Ethical Consideration gastrointestinal mucus and normal or injured skin to con- The protocol of the project was approved by the Ethics taminated water, diseases such as leptospirosis and schis- Committee of Ilam University of Medical Sciences (code tosomiasis are caused (10). number A-10-2298 and IR. Medilam.REC.1396.62). 2 J Compr Ped. 2019;www.SID.ir 10(4):e85771. Archive of SID Nazari A et al. 3.4. Statistical Analysis Table 1. Demographic Information of the Pilgrims with Infectious Diseases Hospi- talized in the Teaching Hospitals of Ilama SPSS version 19 was used for data analysis. The results Demographic Information Results were reported using descriptive statistics (i.e., frequency, Gender mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics Male 63 (60) (chi-squared test, t-test, and one-way ANOVA). P values less Female 42 (40) than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Decla- Age, y ration of Helsinki was observed in all procedures and pa- < 20 28 (26.7)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Experimental Infection of Dogs with Toscana Virus and Sandfly
    microorganisms Article Experimental Infection of Dogs with Toscana Virus and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus to Determine Their Potential as Possible Vertebrate Hosts Clara Muñoz 1, Nazli Ayhan 2,3 , Maria Ortuño 1, Juana Ortiz 1, Ernest A. Gould 2, Carla Maia 4, Eduardo Berriatua 1 and Remi N. Charrel 2,* 1 Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (M.O.); [email protected] (J.O.); [email protected] (E.B.) 2 Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, IHU Mediterranee Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; [email protected] (N.A.); [email protected] (E.A.G.) 3 EA7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse-Inserm, 20250 Corte, France 4 Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHMT, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 April 2020; Accepted: 19 April 2020; Published: 20 April 2020 Abstract: The sandfly-borne Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV), a close relative of the sandfly fever Sicilian phlebovirus (SFSV), is one of the most common causes of acute meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans in the Mediterranean Basin. However, most of human phlebovirus infections in endemic areas either are asymptomatic or cause mild influenza-like illness. To date, a vertebrate reservoir for sandfly-borne phleboviruses has not been identified. Dogs are a prime target for blood-feeding phlebotomines and are the primary reservoir of human sandfly-borne Leishmania infantum.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Case Report Form (Ecrf)
    BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s) BMJ Open Supplementary Material 3 Electronic case report form (eCRF) Study: Validation and optimization of the utility of routine data for improving the quality of sepsis management in hospitals (Validierung und Optimierung der Nutzbarkeit von Routinedaten zur Qualitätsverbesserung des Sepsis-Managements im Krankenhaus) Study acronym: OPTIMISE Case-ID: |_________________________________| Explanations: - italic text: Gives explanation, is not presented in the eCRF - blue text: multiple answers possible - italic red text: condition for presentation of item or query rule 1 Schwarzkopf D, et al. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035763. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035763 BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance Supplemental material placed on this supplemental material which has been supplied by the author(s) BMJ Open Supplementary Material 3 A. Identification of patients with sepsis 1000 random cases per study centre need to be documented by trained study physicians 0. Admission and discharge dates a. Where several stays 0 no merged to one case for billing 1 yes reasons? If a = yes, ____ how many stays/cases have Query rule: N >= 2 been merged? b. Admission and discharge Admission date: |__|__|____ Discharge date: |__|__|____ dates Admission date: |__|__|____ Discharge date: |__|__|____ Admission date: |__|__|____ Discharge date: |__|__|____ Admission date: |__|__|____ Discharge date: |__|__|____ Query rule: discharge date after admission date c.
    [Show full text]
  • Sandfly Fever
    & My gy co lo lo ro g i y V Tufan and Tasyaran, Virol Mycol 2013, 2:1 Virology & Mycology DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000109 ISSN: 2161-0517 Short Communication Open Access Sandfly Fever: A Mini Review Zeliha Kocak Tufan*, Mehmet A Tasyaran and Tumer Guven Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey Introduction TOSV differs from others with its neurotropism and being an etiologic agent of central nervous system infection [24]. Although Sandfly fever, also known as Pappataci fever or phlebotomus fever the SFSV usually causes a self limited benign disease, there are some is an interesting disease mimicking other conditions which causes evidences that SFTV may lead to more severe disease, prolonged fever fever, myalgia and malaise along with abnormalities in liver enzymes and laboratory abnormalities even with neurological involvement and hematological test results [1]. Without suspicion of the disease [1,25]. itself or a presence of an epidemic, it is very hard to diagnose this disease in a non-endemic area, particularly if it is travel associated and The Mediterranean basin is the main area for sandfly fever. Reports if the anamnesis is not clear [1-5]. The differential diagnosis consists are increasingly published every day related with the presence of the of a very board spectrum list of diseases such as viral, parasitic and vector, the virus or the infection itself, from Spain to Croatia, from bacterial infections. Even hematologic malignancies and bone marrow Morocco to Iran, Italy, Portugal and Turkey [7-13,26,27].
    [Show full text]
  • (Sandfly Fever Naples Virus Species) In
    Ayhan et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:402 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2334-y SHORT REPORT Open Access Direct evidence for an expanded circulation area of the recently identified Balkan virus (Sandfly fever Naples virus species) in several countries of the Balkan archipelago Nazli Ayhan1, Bulent Alten2, Vladimir Ivovic3, Vit Dvořák4, Franjo Martinkovic5, Jasmin Omeragic6, Jovana Stefanovska7, Dusan Petric8, Slavica Vaselek8, Devrim Baymak9, Ozge E. Kasap2, Petr Volf4 and Remi N. Charrel1* Abstract Background: Recently, Balkan virus (BALKV, family Phenuiviridae, genus Phlebovirus) was discovered in sand flies collected in Albania and genetically characterised as a member of the Sandfly fever Naples species complex. To gain knowledge concerning the geographical area where exposure to BALKV exists, entomological surveys were conducted in 2014 and 2015, in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia and Serbia. Results: A total of 2830 sand flies were trapped during 2014 and 2015 campaigns, and organised as 263 pools. BALKV RNA was detected in four pools from Croatia and in one pool from BH. Phylogenetic relationships were examined using sequences in the S and L RNA segments. Study of the diversity between BALKV sequences from Albania, Croatia and BH showed that Albanian sequences were the most divergent (9–11% [NP]) from the others and that Croatian and BH sequences were grouped (0.9–5.4% [NP]; 0.7–5% [L]). The sand fly infection rate of BALKV was 0.26% in BH and 0.27% in Croatia. Identification of the species content of pools using cox1 and cytb partial regions showed that the five BALKV positive pools contained Phlebotomus neglectus DNA; in four pools, P neglectus was the unique species, whereas P.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article Applied Research Progress of the Ecological Niche in Vector-Borne Disease
    Int J Clin Exp Med 2016;9(3):6642-6648 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0019109 Original Article Applied research progress of the ecological niche in vector-borne disease Xiangjuan Li, Wenwang Wu, Jin Fang, Fengfen Zhang, Yangguang Qin Guangxi International Travel Health Care Center, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China Received November 3, 2015; Accepted February 10, 2016; Epub March 15, 2016; Published March 30, 2016 Abstract: In recent years, zoonotic infectious diseases, such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, highly pathogenic avian influenza, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (SARS), West Nile fever et al. become an increasing threat to human beings through a variety of transmission routes. It has been currently reported that at least more than 200 kinds of animal infectious diseases and parasitic diseases can be transmitted to humans, which are known as zoonotic infectious diseases. Ecological niche study was conducted to determine the effect of different environmental risk factors on the transmission of vector borne infectious diseases.The literature search was made of articles published up until July 2015 in PubMed. Inclusion criteria contained ecological studies for vector-borne and zoonotic diseases that used ecological niche models. Abstracts and full texts were read and evaluated by two independent readers.We investigate the evidence of 37 studies from a total of 187 selected in PubMed. Initially, 187 abstracts were found in the PubMed, among which 154 full-text articles were retrieved. After screening abstracts and titles, 83 citations were rejected because they were not for vector-borne and zoonotic diseases. 71 abstracts fulfilled the predefined criteria and were included as full texts.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of West Nile Virus and Sandfly-Borne Phlebovirus Infections in Anatolia
    Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases / 2014; Special Issue 1: S22-S31 JMID doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.02.2014.S1.0138 REVIEW ARTICLE Overview of West Nile Virus and Sandfly-borne Phlebovirus Infections in Anatolia Koray Ergünay1, Zeliha Koçak Tufan2 1 Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara, Turkey 2 Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology Department, Ankara, Turkey ABSTRACT Arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses are trafinsmitted to the susceptible hosts by blood-feeding arthropods such as mosqui- toes, sandflies and ticks. Arboviral infections have had a significant global public health impact during the last decades due to their resurgence and dynamic epidemiologic features. In Turkey, cases and outbreaks due to previously underes- timated arboviral infections have emerged since 2009. In this manuscript, previous and current data on two of the major arboviral infections, West Nile virus and Sandfly-borne Phleboviruses have been overviewed with a special emphasis on clinical presentation and laboratory evaluation. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; Special Issue 1: S22-S31 Key words: Arboviruses, West Nile Virus, WNV, Phlebotomus fever, Phlebovirus, Turkey Türkiye’de Batı Nil Virusu ve Flebovirus Enfeksiyonlarına Genel Bakış ÖZET Artropod kaynaklı (arbo) viruslar, duyarlı konaklara sivrisinek, kum sineği ve kene gibi artropodların kan emmesi yoluyla bulaşır. Son yıllarda yeniden ortaya çıkan ve epidemiyolojik özelliklerinde değişiklikler izlenen çeşitli arboviral enfeksi- yonlar, tüm dünyada önemli halk sağlığı sorunları oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye’de 2009 yılından günümüze, daha önce dikkat çekmemiş bazı arboviruslara bağlı olgular ve salgınlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu derlemede, iki önemli arbovirus olan Batı Nil virusu ve kum sineği (tatarcık) kaynaklı fleboviruslarla ilgili ülkemize ait veriler, klinik ve laboratuvar bulguları özellikle vurgulanarak ele alınmaktadır.
    [Show full text]
  • Sciencedirect.Com Sciencedirect
    AIX-MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE FACULTE DE MEDECINE DE MARSEILLE ECOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE LA SANTE THESE DE DOCTORAT Présentée par NAZLI AYHAN Née le 1er Juillet 1988 née en Turquie En vue de l’obtention du grade de DOCTEUR d’AIX-MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE Mention : Pathologie Humaine Spécialité : Maladies Infectieuses Emerging Sandfly-borne Phleboviruses in Balkan Countries: Virus isolation, Characterization, Evolution and Seroepidemiology Soutenue publiquement le 26 Septembre 2017 Composition du Jury : Monsieur le Docteur Christophe PAUPY Rapporteur Monsieur le Professeur Christophe PEYREFITTE Rapporteur Madame le Docteur Dorothée MISSE Examinateur Monsieur le Professeur Remi N CHARREL Directeur de Thése UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV : Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – EHESP – IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my very great appreciation to Dr. Xavier de Lamballerie for giving me the opportunity to do my Ph.D. in his laboratory. His knowledge and enthusiasm on virology always encourage me to be a good scientist. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Remi N. Charrel, my research supervisor, for accepting me as a Ph.D. student, his guidance, enthusiastic encouragement and useful critiques of this research. He is the best supervisor ever. Big thanks to Dr. Christophe Paupy, Dr. Christophe Peyrefitte and Dr. Dorothée Misse for accepting to be in the thesis committee and their valuable comments. I would like to offer my special thanks to Dr. Bulent Alten for his precious support and contributions to this thesis. I thank Dr. Bulent Alten, Dr. Vladimir Ivovic and Dr. Petr Volf for organizing the sand fly field collection campaign in Balkan countries, it was an incredible experience for me.
    [Show full text]
  • Seroprevalence of Sandfly Fever Virus Infection in Military Personnel On
    Journal of Infection and Public Health (2017) 10, 59—63 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Seroprevalence of sandfly fever virus infection in military personnel on the western border of Iran a,c,∗ b a Ramin Shiraly , Afra Khosravi , Saman Farahangiz a Department of Community Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran b Department of Immunology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran c Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Received 17 November 2015; received in revised form 22 January 2016; accepted 20 February 2016 KEYWORDS Summary Military troops deployed to endemic areas are at risk of contracting Sandfly fever; sandfly fever, an arthropod-borne viral infection. Although typically a self-limited Virus; disease, sandfly fever can cause significant morbidity and loss of function among Past infection; soldiers. We conducted this study to determine the extent of past SFV infection in a group of healthy Iranian military personnel in Ilam province on the western border of Military personnel Iran. A total of 201 serum samples were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect four common sandfly fever virus serotypes. Demographic data were also collected. Overall, 37 samples (18.4%) were positive for specific IgG antibodies to sandfly viruses. Sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) and sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV) were the most common serotypes. A positive test was inversely related to nativity (P < 0.01) but was not associated with age (P = 0.163), duration of presence in the border region (P = 0.08) or employment status (P = 0.179).
    [Show full text]
  • Sandfly Virus Seroconversion Associated with Neurologic Presentation
    Sandfly virus seroconversion associated with neurologic presentation Chen Makranz, MD* ABSTRACT * Hiba Qutteineh, MD Objective: To describe the clinical presentation and unique neurologic manifestations of sandfly Hanna Bin, PhD viruses (SFVs) in the Jerusalem area. Yaniv Lustig, PhD Methods: We identified all patients with acute seroconversion to SFV at the Hadassah-Hebrew John Moshe Gomori, MD University Medical Centers during the years 2008–2013 and retrospectively collected and ana- Asaf Honig, MD lyzed the clinical and imaging data. Abed El-Raouf Bayya, MD Results: Nine patients (ranging from 1.5 to 85 years old) were identified. Presentation included acute Allon E. Moses, MD neurologic disease, mostly with fever, change in consciousness and behavior, seizures, headache, Tamir Ben-Hur, MD, meningitis, limb paresis, or myelitis. Eight patients had clinical signs of meningitis, meningoencephali- PhD tis, or encephalitis alone. Four patients had myelitis. MRI identified pathologic symmetrical changes in Diana Averbuch, MD the basal ganglia, thalami, and other deep structures in 5 patients, and additional myelitis of the spine Roni Eichel, MD was noted on imaging in 3 patients. Seven patients had long-term follow-up: 4 completely recovered Ran Nir-Paz, MD and 3 had remaining neurologic sequelae, among them 1 with permanent severe brain damage. Conclusion: Neurologic involvement associated with acute SFV infections is considered to be benign. However, in this series, all 9 patients presented with significant neurologic pathology Correspondence to associated with a unique finding of myelitis and symmetrical basal ganglia, thalami, or white mat- Dr. Nir-Paz: [email protected] ter involvement. Thus, acute SFV infection should be included in the differential diagnosis in feb- rile onset of neurologic manifestations and neuroradiologic changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Seroprevalence of West Nile, Rift Valley, and Sandfly Arboviruses in Hashimiah, Jordan
    Research Seroprevalence of West Nile, Rift Valley, and Sandfly Arboviruses in Hashimiah, Jordan Anwar Batieha,* Elias K. Saliba,† Ross Graham,‡ Emad Mohareb,† Younis Hijazi,* and Pandu Wijeyaratne§ *Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; †Hashimiah University, Zarka, Jordan; ‡Virology Research Program, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt; §Infectious Disease Program of Nepal, USAID/EHP. We conducted a serosurvey among patients of a health center in Hashimiah, a Jordanian town of 30,000 inhabitants located near a wastewater treatment plant and its effluent channel. Serum samples from 261 patients ≥5 years of age were assessed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies against West Nile, sandfly Sicilian, sandfly Naples, and Rift Valley viruses; the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies was 8%, 47%, 30%, and 0%, respectively. Female participants were more likely to have been infected than male. Persons living within 2 km of the treatment plant were more likely to have been infected with West Nile (p=0.016) and sandfly Sicilian (p=0.010) viruses. Raising domestic animals within the house was a risk factor for sandfly Sicilian (p=0.003) but not for sandfly Naples virus (p=0.148). All serum samples were negative for IgM antibodies against the tested viruses. Our study is the first documentation of West Nile and sandfly viruses in Jordan and calls attention to the possible health hazards of living close to wastewater treatment plants and their effluent channels. Arboviruses are transmitted by arthropods. Methods Humans become infected through the bites of blood-sucking insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, Study site and certain flies.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Infection of Dogs with Toscana Virus and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus to Determine Their Potential As Possible Vertebrate Hosts
    microorganisms Article Experimental Infection of Dogs with Toscana Virus and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus to Determine Their Potential as Possible Vertebrate Hosts Clara Muñoz 1, Nazli Ayhan 2,3 , Maria Ortuño 1, Juana Ortiz 1, Ernest A. Gould 2, Carla Maia 4, Eduardo Berriatua 1 and Remi N. Charrel 2,* 1 Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (M.O.); [email protected] (J.O.); [email protected] (E.B.) 2 Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, IHU Mediterranee Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; [email protected] (N.A.); [email protected] (E.A.G.) 3 EA7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse-Inserm, 20250 Corte, France 4 Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHMT, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 April 2020; Accepted: 19 April 2020; Published: 20 April 2020 Abstract: The sandfly-borne Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV), a close relative of the sandfly fever Sicilian phlebovirus (SFSV), is one of the most common causes of acute meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans in the Mediterranean Basin. However, most of human phlebovirus infections in endemic areas either are asymptomatic or cause mild influenza-like illness. To date, a vertebrate reservoir for sandfly-borne phleboviruses has not been identified. Dogs are a prime target for blood-feeding phlebotomines and are the primary reservoir of human sandfly-borne Leishmania infantum.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol20no12 Pdf-Version.Pdf
    Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 1969–2200 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Associate Editors EDITORIAL BOARD Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone, Surrey, UK Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Timothy Barrett, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Ermias Belay, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Sharon Bloom, Atlanta, GA, USA Christopher Braden, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Mary Brandt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Corrie Brown, Athens, Georgia, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Louisa Chapman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Paul V. Effler, Perth, Australia Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China David Freedman, Birmingham, Alabama, USA Ed Eitzen, Washington, DC, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Daniel Feikin, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Stephen Hadler, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Anthony Fiore, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Nina Marano, Nairobi, Kenya Kathleen Gensheimer, College Park, MD, USA Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Duane J. Gubler, Singapore David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA Patrice Nordmann, Fribourg, Switzerland Katrina Hedberg, Portland, Oregon, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David L. Heymann, London, UK Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Seattle, Washington, USA Ronald M. Rosenberg, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA S.K.
    [Show full text]