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ICIPE Discovers 'Wasps' Which Control Fall Armyworm

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ICIPE Discovers 'Wasps' Which Control Fall Armyworm No. 167, May 2019 Ksh 20/- Dear farmer, Climate is changing every year, making it very difficult for farmers to plan and Photo: TOF even predict rain patterns as they did before. The delayed rains this year have confounded farmers across the country. Rains were expected in Mid- March but it did not rain until end of April 2019. Although we had advised farmers on how to choose seed and the different varieties required for each region, the rains received so far are inadequate and this may even affect the late maturing varieties that require at least 6 months of consistent rain to mature. The depressed rains will have far reaching consequences for food security in the entire East African region. Kenya mainly relies on maize imports from Uganda and Tanzania to balance its maize deficit. However, the two countries have also been affected by inadequate rains, which places the country in a precarious food security situation that may force it to use a huge chunk of its budget to import Farmers learn how to scout and destroy Fall Armyworm (FAW) eggs in a maize field in Timbitoke village in Rwanda. Fall maize. armyworm damage is expected to increase this season due to erratic rains and high temperatures in most of the maize growing areas in Kenya. The erratic rains also come with high temperatures that are conducive to proliferation of pests especially the ICIPE discovers ‘wasps’ which control fall armyworm devastating Fall Armyworm (FAW). Already, farmers in all maize growing destructive stage to crops. This that indiscriminate use of these Berita Mutune | Scientists at areas have reported sighting of the ICIPE have identified two local way they parasitize the pest. pesticides also kill other non- pest in their germinating maize. The species of wasps, Trichogramma target beneficial organisms The two wasps mentioned destruction by the pest is expected sp. and Telenomous remus, which such as bees, birds, fish, natural above act as natural enemies to force farmers to spend more on can control fall armyworm. The which are divided into three enemies and many others in the wasps lay their eggs on the Fall ecosystem. chemicals in their desperate attempt main groups: predators, parasites to protect their crops and reduce Armyworm (FAW) eggs thus and pathogens (bacteria, fungi Using the natural method, damage by the pest. killing them before they reach and viruses) which help in the ICIPE does not introduce foreign the larval stage which is the most biological control of pests. A The use of chemicals is expected In this issue predator lives by attacking and to increase the production cost. As Water safety 5 feeding and eventually killing most farmers have discovered, most other living organisms. The fall of the chemicals have very little effect armyworm attacks and destroys on the Fall Armyworm. In Kenya as many crops, not just maize. in many other countries, the use of In the last few years, control chemicals is one of the most misused has been through use of synthetic methods of pest control. Apart from pesticides. However, the method killing other beneficial insects in the Deworming in livstock 6 is proving ineffective as during Telenomous wasps lay their eggs on environment, chemicals also kill very fall armyworm eggs. More about chickens 7 the day, the young larvae is useful predators of the fall armyworm. relatively inactive as it hides in insects but instead goes to In the past two years, scientists in TOF on the web the funnel shielding from sprays the farms, collects the insects East Africa have discovered many theorganicfarmer.org and predators and only emerges which are locally available and predators of the fall armyworm; these mkulimambunifu.org at night to feed on the leaves. multiplies them in the laboratory predators need protection by farmers The adult moths are able to travel then releases them back to the and the only way they can do this is to facebook.com/theorganicfarmer long distances at night assisted by farm at no cost. stop the use of harmful pesticides to twitter.com/TOFMagazine wind. control the pest in their farms. Way Forward TOF partners on the web Natural enemies (farmer’s In this TOF issue, we have revisited biovision.ch friends) ICIPE in partnership with KALRO the many natural and environmentally infonet-biovision.org Excessive and repetitive use of and University of Nairobi, are friendly methods that are cheap to icipe.org the synthetic pesticides makes the working on the mass production use in the control of this devastating pest to develop resistance to the protocol which can be used for pest that poses the biggest threat to chemicals which then make this the rearing of the wasps. maize production in Kenya and the KBC Thursday 7.30 pm control method ineffective. Later on, these wasps will be entire African continent. See pages 2, Mbaitu FM Friday 8.30 pm Farmers need to understand readily available for the farmers. 3 and 4. TOF P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Tel. +254 719 052 186, SMS: 0715 422 460, email: [email protected] 2 The Organic Farmer Use natural methods to control fall armyworm Farmers are encouraged Scouting helps to use, environmentally Understand the biology of friendly methods to Photo: IN the organisms in the field and control the fall armyworm their interactions (ecology) in as they seem to work a better way. This information better than the use of increases our knowledge and chemicals which are leads to better decision-making, harmful to predators, resulting in higher production, people, animals and fewer wasted resources and more beneficial insects such sustainability. as bees. Help farmers learn the variability of their fields, more so Beritah Mutune |The Fall for smallholders, e.g. low-lying Armyworm (FAW) is a very spots are more humid, the soil difficult pest to control. To start done at this stage in order to kill While doing this, farmers condition, the presence of weeds, with, it lays eggs inside the maize the larvae. Early intervention should observe the general health and so on. or other host plants at night helps the farmer to decide the of the plants. If the plants have a making it difficult for farmers Cultural methods best way to handle the pest in dark green colour, it shows they to target it. Spraying chemicals order to control it. Below are have proper nutrition. Check if Plant early and ensure you plant when the pest is in its third stage various environmentally friendly they are moisture-stressed and if when the other farmers are of development does not work. methods farmers can use to there is any damage from FAW. planting (pest populations are The eggs hatch into larvae in contain the pest. low at this time so the damage few days. The newly hatched Scout for the pest daily to your maize will be minimal). larvae moult into the third stage Early warning and Farmers are advised to visit Avoid planting late when other of development (third instar) monitoring: their fields frequently at least farmers have already planted. which is very difficult to control; Farmers can remain alert in order twice a week. To control the pest For farmers who plough land by the third stage, farmers can to take action immediately the effectively, farmers need to scout before planting, this exposes do very little to control it, hence first signs of the pest are noticed. their maize crop daily to be able the fall armyworm pupae to it continues to feed on the plants. Pheromone traps are used for to detect it early. Farmers using birds and other predators, hence Any kind of intervention monitoring the pest population organic or biological methods against the fall armyworm can in the farm. Pheromones are of control should spray their reducing the fall armyworm only work when the pest is in natural compounds that are maize crop only when the fall population. its larvae stage (second instar). emitted by female FAW moths to armyworm is at its second stage Inter cropping Spraying should therefore be attract male moths for mating. (larvae or second instar). Plant a legume crop e.g. beans around the edges of your maize field 14 to 21 days before you How to make plant extracts for pest control plant maize. The pest will A cheap way to control pests, Preparation: Mix molasses 100ml knapsack sprayer. attack the beans first and fail to recognize the maize. Plant including the fall armyworm is to and EM1 20ml (many agrovet • Dilute the solution at the ratio diversity also increases the make plant extracts at home. Also shops have EM1). Add 5 litres of 1 litre of the extract to 100 populations of farmers’ friends called Fermented Plant Extracts water. litres of water. (FPE). Although some labour (predators) and keeps them close • Dissolve a bar soap into the Spraying: Organic plant extracts is needed in their preparation, to your maize, so that they can solution. do not work the same way as extracts are environmental find and kill the FAW. • Chop up the plants into small chemicals. So ensure you spray friendly and also keeping your pieces and put into a bucket. up to three times every week. Do crop safe for consumption as Mechanical method not wait until you see the pests in they do not have any chemical • Fill the bucket with water to This involves hand picking of the your crops to spray. Spray at all residues. Here is a simple method the brim and close it tight to larvae of FAW and also crushing times whether there are pests or to make plant extracts: stop the air from escaping.
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