Icipe Quarterly E-Bulletin, Volume 9, Issue No. 2, 2019
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Chapter 15. Central and Eastern Africa: Overview
Chapter 15 Chapter 15 CENTRAL AND EASTERN AFRICA: OVERVIEW The region as treated here is comprised mainly of Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa) (formerly Zaire), Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. The wide variety of insects eaten includes at least 163 species, 121 genera, 34 families and 10 orders. Of this group the specific identity is known for 128 species, only the generic identity for another 21, only the family identity of another 12 and only the order identity of one. Gomez et al (1961) estimated that insects furnished 10% of the animal proteins produced annually in Congo (Kinshasa). Yet, in this region, as in others, insect use has been greatly under-reported and under-studied. Until recently, for example, the specific identity was known for fewer than twenty species of insects used in Congo (Kinshasa), but, in a careful study confined only to caterpillars and only to the southern part of the country, Malaisse and Parent (1980) distinguished 35 species of caterpillars used as food. The extent of insect use throughout the region is probably similar to that in Congo (Kinshasa) and Zambia, the best-studied countries. Research is needed. Caterpillars and termites are the most widely marketed insects in the region, but many others are also important from the food standpoint, nutritionally, economically or ecologically. As stated by this author (DeFoliart 1989): "One can't help but wonder what the ecological and nutritional maps of Africa might look like today if more effort had been directed toward developing some of these caterpillar, termite, and other food insect resources." The inclusion of food insects in the Africa-wide Exhibition on Indigenous Food Technologies held in Nairobi, Kenya, in 1995 is indicative of the resurgence of interest in this resource by the scientific community of the continent. -
Economic and Environmental Impacts of Fall Armyworm in Africa
EconomicEconomicEconomic and and environmental and environmental environmental impacts impacts impacts of of oficipe icipeaimsicipeaims toaims developto develop to develop and and establish and establish establish an an an EffectiveEffectiveEffective and and timely and timely timelymonitoring monitoring monitoring FallFall ArmywormFall Armyworm Armyworm in Africain Africa in Africa integratedintegratedintegrated pest pest management pest management management for forFall forFall Fall -FAW has-FAW spread has-FAW spread has spread -Can feed-Can on feed more-Can on feed more on more to entireto sub entire- tosub entire- sub- ArmywormArmywormArmyworm that that is that specificis specific is specific to Africato Africa to Africa than 80than plant 80 than plant 80 plant SaharanSaharan Africa in SaharanAfrica in Africa in speciesspeciesspecies less thanless 2 years thanless 2 years than 2 years -Critically-Critically damages-Critically damages damages -Key food-Key food-Key food early maizeearly maizeandearly at andmaize at and at securitysecurity crops, crops,security crops, cob/headcob/head formationcob/head formation- formation- - maize andmaize andmaize and sorghumsorghum sorghum severelyseverely severely damageddamaged damaged MonitoringMonitoring tools,Monitoring suchtools, as such tools, field as scoutingsuch field as scouting field mobile scouting mobile apps (left)mobileapps and (left) apps pheromone and (left) pheromone and traps pheromone (middle)traps (middle) traps (middle) optimisedoptimised andoptimised a communityand a community -
Katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) Bio-Ecology in Western Cape Vineyards
Katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) bio-ecology in Western Cape vineyards by Marcé Doubell Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Sciences at Stellenbosch University Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences Supervisor: Dr P. Addison Co-supervisors: Dr C. S. Bazelet and Prof J. S. Terblanche December 2017 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: December 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Summary Many orthopterans are associated with large scale destruction of crops, rangeland and pastures. Plangia graminea (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is considered a minor sporadic pest in vineyards of the Western Cape Province, South Africa, and was the focus of this study. In the past few seasons (since 2012) P. graminea appeared to have caused a substantial amount of damage leading to great concern among the wine farmers of the Western Cape Province. Very little was known about the biology and ecology of this species, and no monitoring method was available for this pest. The overall aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the biology and ecology of P. graminea in vineyards of the Western Cape to contribute knowledge towards the formulation of a sustainable integrated pest management program, as well as to establish an appropriate monitoring system. -
Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Reared from Hypercompe Cunigunda (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Brazil
Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 64(1):e201982, 2020 www.rbentomologia.com Diolcogaster choi sp. nov. from Brazil, a new gregarious microgastrine parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared from Hypercompe cunigunda (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Brazil Geraldo Salgado-Neto1* , Ísis Meri Medri2, José L. Fernández-Triana3, James Bryan Whitfield4 1Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. 2Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Ecologia, Doutorado em Ecologia, Brasília, D F, Brasil. 3Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 4University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, USA. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:28F860D2-5CDB-4D55-82BC-C41CFE1ADD0E ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: A new species of Diolcogaster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is described and illustrated. Additionally, its position Received 23 August 2019 within the recently published key to New World species of the xanthaspis species-group (to which the described Accepted 17 December 2019 Diolcogaster belongs) is provided. The gregarious larval parasitoid Diolcogaster choi sp. nov. was collected in Available online 17 February 2020 Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. This natural enemy was recovered from a caterpillar of Hypercompe cunigunda (Stoll, Associate Editor: Bernardo Santos 1781) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) that was feeding on plant of passionflower, Passiflora edulis Sims (Passifloraceae). The fauna of the xanthaspis group in the New World now includes five species, including the new species from Brazil described in this paper. Diolcogaster choi sp. nov. differs anatomically, and is morphologically diagnosed, Keywords: from all other known member of the xanthaspis group of the genus Diolcogaster, to which it belongs. The species Caterpillar also differs in recorded host, and its DNA barcode appears to be distinctive among described Diolcogaster. -
Fall Armyworm: Impacts and Implications for Africa Evidence Note Update, October 2018
Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa Evidence Note Update, October 2018 Rwomushana, I., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Beseh, P., Cameron, K., Chiluba, M., Clottey, V., Davis, T., Day, R., Early, R., Godwin, J., Gonzalez-Moreno, P., Kansiime, M., Kenis, M., Makale, F., Mugambi, I., Murphy, S., Nunda. W., Phiri, N., Pratt, C., Tambo, J. KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE Executive Summary This Evidence Note provides new evidence on the distribution and impact of FAW in Africa, summarises research and development on control methods, and makes recommendations for sustainable management of the pest. FAW biology FAW populations in Africa include both the ‘corn strain’ and the ‘rice strain’. In Africa almost all major damage has been recorded on maize. FAW has been reported from numerous other crops in Africa but usually there is little or no damage. At the moment managing the pest in maize remains the overriding priority. In Africa FAW breeds continuously where host plants are available throughout the year, but is capable of migrating long distances so also causes damage in seasonally suitable environments. There is little evidence on the relative frequency of these two scenarios. Studies show that natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) in Africa have “discovered” FAW, and in some places high levels of parasitism have already been found. Distribution and Spread FAW in Africa Rapid spread has continued and now 44 countries in Africa are affected. There are no reports from North Africa, but FAW has reached the Indian Ocean islands including Madagascar. Environmental suitability modelling suggests almost all areas suitable for FAW in sub-Saharan Africa are now infested. -
Management of Fall Armyworm: the IPM Innovation Lab Approach
Management of Fall Armyworm: The IPM Innovation Lab Approach Introduction: Native to the Americas, the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) reached Africa in 2016 and Asia in 2018. Since then, it has rapidly spread throughout the southern and northern hemisphere. The pest has four life stages - egg, larva, pupa, and adult - and can reproduce quickly. It attacks more than 300 plant species, with a preference for maize. FAW can lay up to 1,000 eggs in its lifetime and adult moths can fly 300km a night. FAW is an incredibly resilient pest. In addition to its rapid spread, the pest’s resilience to harsh conditions and chemical pesticides is setting unprecedented challenges for farmers worldwide. It is estimated that maize losses caused by FAW FAW Global Spread could amount to 80 million tonnes per year, or USD $18 billion per year. An IPM Approach: The IPM Innovation Lab (IPM IL) cur- rently works in seven countries in Asia and Africa, with a major focus on invasive species, FAW included. In 2018, IPM IL initi- ated augmentative biological control to combat the pest, a process that requires releasing natural enemies - or parasit- oids - that search for and lay eggs on FAW egg masses, killing the pest before it reaches its destructive larval stage. Since the parasitoids do not occur naturally in high enough numbers, IPM FAW damage on maize IL collaborators at “satellite-centers” mass-produce and release the natural enemies into maize fields, including egg parasitoids Trichogramma mwanzai and Telenomus remus in East Africa and Objectives Outcomes egg parasitoids Trichogramma chilonis and Telenomus remus in • Reduce crop loss due to • Significant improvement Nepal and Bangladesh. -
Impact of an Exotic Invasive Pest, Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Resident Communities of Pest and Natural Enemies in Maize Fields in Kenya
agronomy Article Impact of an Exotic Invasive Pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Resident Communities of Pest and Natural Enemies in Maize Fields in Kenya Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame 1,2 , Boaz Musyoka 1, Julius Obonyo 1, François Rebaudo 3 , Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman 1 , Sevgan Subramanian 1 , Dora Chao Kilalo 2,Gérald Juma 4 and Paul-André Calatayud 1,3,* 1 International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; [email protected] (B.M.S.); [email protected] (B.M.); [email protected] (J.O.); [email protected] (E.M.A.-R.); [email protected] (S.S.) 2 Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Kangemi, Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kenya; [email protected] 3 IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; [email protected] 4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Citation: Sokame, B.M.; Musyoka, B.; Abstract: The interactions among insect communities influence the composition of pest complexes Obonyo, J.; Rebaudo, F.; Abdel- that attack crops and, in parallel, their natural enemies, which regulate their abundance. The Rahman, E.M.; Subramanian, S.; lepidopteran stemborers have been the major maize pests in Kenya. Their population has been Kilalo, D.C.; Juma, G.; Calatayud, regulated by natural enemies, mostly parasitoids, some of which have been used for biological P.-A. Impact of an Exotic Invasive control. -
Os Nomes Galegos Dos Insectos 2020 2ª Ed
Os nomes galegos dos insectos 2020 2ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20202): Os nomes galegos dos insectos. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. https://www.achave.ga /wp!content/up oads/achave_osnomesga egosdos"insectos"2020.pd# Fotografía: abella (Apis mellifera ). Autor: Jordi Bas. $sta o%ra est& su'eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a%erto( con reco)ecemento da autor*a e sen o%ra derivada nin usos comerciais. +esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.org/ icences/%,!nc-nd/-.0/deed.g . 1 Notas introdutorias O que cont n este documento Na primeira edición deste recurso léxico (2018) fornecéronse denominacións para as especies máis coñecidas de insectos galegos (e) ou europeos, e tamén para algúns insectos exóticos (mostrados en ám itos divulgativos polo seu interese iolóxico, agr"cola, sil!"cola, médico ou industrial, ou por seren moi comúns noutras áreas xeográficas)# Nesta segunda edición (2020) incorpórase o logo da $%a!e ao deseño do documento, corr"xese algunha gralla, reescr" ense as notas introdutorias e engádense algunhas especies e algún nome galego máis# &n total, ac%éganse nomes galegos para 89( especies de insectos# No planeta téñense descrito aproximadamente un millón de especies, e moitas están a"nda por descubrir# Na )en"nsula * érica %a itan preto de +0#000 insectos diferentes# Os nomes das ol oretas non se inclúen neste recurso léxico da $%a!e, foron o xecto doutro tra allo e preséntanse noutro documento da $%a!e dedicado exclusivamente ás ol oretas, a!ela"ñas e trazas . Os nomes galegos -
FUNCTIONING of a COMMUNITY of LEPIDOPTERAN MAIZE STEMBORERS and ASSOCIATED PARASITOIDS FOLLOWING the FALL ARMYWORM INVASION in KENYA Bonoukpé Mawuko
FUNCTIONING OF A COMMUNITY OF LEPIDOPTERAN MAIZE STEMBORERS AND ASSOCIATED PARASITOIDS FOLLOWING THE FALL ARMYWORM INVASION IN KENYA Bonoukpé Mawuko To cite this version: Bonoukpé Mawuko. FUNCTIONING OF A COMMUNITY OF LEPIDOPTERAN MAIZE STEM- BORERS AND ASSOCIATED PARASITOIDS FOLLOWING THE FALL ARMYWORM INVA- SION IN KENYA. Life Sciences [q-bio]. Nairobi University, 2020. English. tel-03093686 HAL Id: tel-03093686 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03093686 Submitted on 6 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. FUNCTIONING OF A COMMUNITY OF LEPIDOPTERAN MAIZE STEMBORERS AND ASSOCIATED PARASITOIDS FOLLOWING THE FALL ARMYWORM INVASION IN KENYA BONOUKPOÈ MAWUKO SOKAME A80/52426/2017 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CROP PROTECTION DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE AND CROP PROTECTION FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI Soutenance le 26/11/2020 2020 DECLARATION I, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, duly declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree or any award in any other University. Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame Signature: … Date: …26/11/2020………………………… This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors. -
Integrated Pest Management Manual for Fall Armyworm, Stemborers and Striga in Maize
Integrated Pest Management manual for Fall armyworm, stemborers and Striga in Maize Authors: Paul-Andre Calatayud, Subramanian Sevgan, Beritah Mutune, Rachel Owino, Vicky Koech, Belinda Weya, Henri Tonnang, Saliou Niassy ISBN: 978-9966-063-50-2 Table of Contents About SCLAMP-EA project 3 Purpose of manual 4 Objective of manual 4 Abbreviations 5 Introduction 6 Fall armyworm 7 Stemborers 10 Striga 14 Integrated pest management 16 Summary of Maize IPM technologies 27 References 37 Annexe 1: Farmers’ guide on how to establish a Push-pull plot 41 Annexe 2: Technology profile template for Maize IPM 45 Contacts of input providers 47 2 Integrated Pest Management manual for Fall armyworm, stemborers and Striga in Maize About SCLAMP-EA project Scaling-up Climate-Smart Pest Management Approaches for Enhanced Maize and Tomato Systems Productivity in Eastern Africa (SCLAMP-EA) is a project funded by GIZ (German Corporation for International Cooperation). It is a 3-year project, running from 2020 to 2022. The purpose of the project is to facilitate the large-scale adoption of proven and piloted Climate Smart Pest Management (CSPM) technologies and practices by smallholder farmers to improve their food and nutrition security through mitigating yield losses due to key insect pests in maize and tomato. The projects’ target areas are: • Ethiopia (Southern/SNNPR in Dawuro, Angacha and Shebedino; Northern/Amhara in South Wollo and Western Oromia Region in Sasiga and Diga); and • Uganda (Central Uganda in Rakai and Kyotera; Eastern Uganda in Kamuli, Namutumba, Mbale and Kween; and Northern Uganda in Amuru, Nwoya, Adjumani and Pakwach/ Southern West Nile). -
Aquatic Insects and Their Potential to Contribute to the Diet of the Globally Expanding Human Population
insects Review Aquatic Insects and their Potential to Contribute to the Diet of the Globally Expanding Human Population D. Dudley Williams 1,* and Siân S. Williams 2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada 2 The Wildlife Trust, The Manor House, Broad Street, Great Cambourne, Cambridge CB23 6DH, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editors: Kerry Wilkinson and Heather Bray Received: 28 April 2017; Accepted: 19 July 2017; Published: 21 July 2017 Abstract: Of the 30 extant orders of true insect, 12 are considered to be aquatic, or semiaquatic, in either some or all of their life stages. Out of these, six orders contain species engaged in entomophagy, but very few are being harvested effectively, leading to over-exploitation and local extinction. Examples of existing practices are given, ranging from the extremes of including insects (e.g., dipterans) in the dietary cores of many indigenous peoples to consumption of selected insects, by a wealthy few, as novelty food (e.g., caddisflies). The comparative nutritional worth of aquatic insects to the human diet and to domestic animal feed is examined. Questions are raised as to whether natural populations of aquatic insects can yield sufficient biomass to be of practicable and sustained use, whether some species can be brought into high-yield cultivation, and what are the requirements and limitations involved in achieving this? Keywords: aquatic insects; entomophagy; human diet; animal feed; life histories; environmental requirements 1. Introduction Entomophagy (from the Greek ‘entoma’, meaning ‘insects’ and ‘phagein’, meaning ‘to eat’) is a trait that we Homo sapiens have inherited from our early hominid ancestors. -
Downloads from FAW (341,262 Ha) in the Microsite
Copyright © 2021 International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology icipe’s Results Based Management Framework (2021–2025) “ROLLING” DIRECTOR GENERAL’S OFFICE Updated May 2021 icipe Results Based management Framework 2021 - 2025 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................. iv INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1 2021 – 2025 RESULTS BASED MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW ................................................... 3 1. Institutional focus of the Results Based Management Framework ................................... 3 2. Success in implementing icipe’s vision and strategy ........................................................ 4 3. Core values that pillar icipe’s strategic interventions ........................................................ 6 4. Programme implementation through strategic pan-African and international alliances ... 7 5. Institutional responsibility, organisational capability and administrative efficiency........... 8 6. Background to development and institutionalization of icipe’s Results Based Management Framework ........................................................................................................... 9 2021- 2025 icipe RESULTS BASED MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK .................................... 11 PLANT HEALTH at icipe ...........................................................................................................